Original Word: πρός
Part of Speech: Preposition
Transliteration: pros
Phonetic Spelling: (pros)
Definition: advantageous for, at (denotes local proximity), toward (denotes motion toward a place)
Usage: to, towards, with.

4314 prós (a preposition) – properly, motion towards to "interface with" (literally, moving toward a goal or destination).

4314 /prós ("towards, with") indicates "extension toward a goal, with implied interaction or reciprocity (L & N, 1, 84.18), with "presumed contact and reaction" (L & N, 1, 84.23). 4314 (prós) naturally suggests the cycle of initiation and response (L-N, 1,90.25, 90.33).

[4314 (prós) can mean "in view of," or "in light of, but never "against," except where the context indicates an active exchange (interface) done in opposition.]

Word Origin
a prim. preposition
Definition
advantageous for, at (denotes local proximity), toward (denotes motion toward a place)
NASB Translation
about (1), accord (1), according (1), across (1), against (21), among (5), around (2), because (2), before (9), beside (1), end (1), near (4), order (1), pertaining (4), promote (1), referring (1), regard (1), so (5), terms (1), together* (1), toward (9), whispered* (1).

STRONGS NT 4314: πρός

πρός, a preposition, equivalent to the epic προτί, from πρό and the adverbial suffix τί (cf. the German vor ... bin (Curtius, § 381)); it is joined

I. with the accusative, to, toward, Latinad, denoting direction toward a thing, or position and state looking toward a thing (Winer's Grammar, § 49 h., p. 404 (378)); it is used

1. of the goal or limit toward which a movement is directed: πρός τινα or τί, a. properly, after verbs of going, departing, running, coming, etc.: ἄγω, John 11:15; ἀναβαίνω, Mark 6:51; John 20:17; Acts 15:2; ἀνακάμπτω, Matthew 2:12; Acts 18:21; ἀνέρχομαι, Galatians 1:17 (L Tr marginal reading ἀπῆλθον); ἀπέρχομαι, Matthew 14:25 (Rec.); Mark 3:13, etc.; πρός ἑαυτόν, to his house, Luke 24:12 (T omits; L Tr brackets; WH reject the verse; Tr reads πρός αὐτοῦ; some connect the phrase with θαυμάζων (see 2 b. below)); John 20:10 (T Tr αὐτούς, WH αὑτούς (cf. under the word αὑτοῦ, at the end)); γίνεσθαι πρός τινα, to come to one, 1 Corinthians 2:3; 1 Corinthians 16:10; διαπεράω, Luke 16:26; ἐγγίζω, Mark 11:1; Luke 19:29; εἰσέρχομαι, Mark 6:25; Luke 1:28; Acts 10:3; (πρός τήν Λυδίαν, into the house of Lydia, Acts 16:40 (Rec. εἰς)); etc.; Revelation 3:20; εἰσπορεύομαι, Acts 28:30; ἐκπορεύομαι, Matthew 3:5; Mark 1:5; ἐξέρχομαι, John 18:29, 38; 2 Corinthians 8:17; Hebrews 13:13; ἐπιστρέφω, to turn (oneself), Acts 9:40; 2 Corinthians 3:16; 1 Thessalonians 1:9; ἐπισυνάγεσθαι, Mark 1:33; ἔρχομαι, Matthew 3:14; Matthew 7:15, and often; ἥκω, John 6:37; Acts 28:23 (Rec.); καταβαίνω, Acts 10:21; Acts 14:11; Revelation 12:12; μεταβαίνω, John 13:1; ὀρθρίζω, Luke 21:38; παραγίνομαι, Matthew 3:13; Luke 7:4, 20; Luke 8:19; Luke 11:6; ( Tdf.); πορεύομαι, Matthew 10:6; Luke 11:5; John 14:12, etc.; συνάγεσθαι, Matthew 13:2; Matthew 27:62; Mark 4:1; Mark 6:30; Mark 7:1; συντρέχειν, Acts 3:11; ὑπάγω, Matthew 26:18; Mark 5:19; John 7:33; John 13:3; John 16:5, 10, 16 (T Tr WH omit; L brackets the clause), ; κατευθύνειν τήν ὁδόν,1 Thessalonians 3:11; also after (kindred) nouns: εἴσοδος, 1 Thessalonians 1:9; 1 Thessalonians 2:1; προσαγωγή, Ephesians 2:18. after verbs of moving, leading, sending, drawing, bringing, directing: ἄγω, Mark 11:7 (R L); Luke 18:40; John 1:42 (43); (John 18:13 L T Tr WH); Acts 9:27, etc.; ἀπάγω, Matthew 26:57 (R. V. to the house of C. (cf. Acts 16:40 above)); Mark 14:53; John 18:13 (R G); Acts 23:17; 1 Corinthians 12:2; (ἐξάγω ἕως πρός (see ἕως, II. 2 c.), Luke 24:50 L text T Tr WH); κατασύρω, Luke 12:58; ἁρπάζω, Revelation 12:5; ἑλκύω, John 12:32; παραλαμβάνω, John 14:3; φέρω, Mark 1:32; Mark 9:17, 19, 20; (Mark 11:7 T Tr WH); πέμπω, Luke 7:(not T WH),19; Acts 25:21 (L T Tr WH ἀναπέμψω), etc. (see πέμπω); ἀναπέμπω, Luke 23:7, 15; ἀποστέλλω, Matthew 23:34, etc. (see ἀποστέλλω, 1b. and d.); στρέφομαι, Luke 7:44; Luke 23:28. after verbs of falling: πίπτειν πρός τούς πόδας τίνος, Mark 5:22; Mark 7:25; (Acts 5:10 L T Tr WH); Revelation 1:17. after other verbs and substantives with which the idea of direction is connected: as ἐπιστολή πρός τινα, Acts 9:2; Acts 22:5; 2 Corinthians 3:1; ἐντολή, Acts 17:15; ἀνάδειξις, Luke 1:80; κάμπτω τά γόνατα, Ephesians 3:14; ἐκπετάννυμι τάς χεῖρας, Romans 10:21 (from Isaiah 65:2); πρόσωπον πρός πρόσωπον, face (turned) to face, i. e. in immediate presence, 1 Corinthians 13:12 (after the Hebrew, Genesis 32:30; Judges 6:22); στόμα πρός στόμα, mouth (turned) to mouth, i. e. in each other's presence, 2 John 1:12; 3 John 1:14 (see στόμα, 1); λαλεῖν πρός τό οὖς, the mouth being put to the ear, Luke 12:3. after verbs of adding, joining to: προστιθεναι τινα πρός τούς πατέρας, to lay one unto, i. e. bury him by the side of, his fathers, Acts 13:36 (after the Hebrew, 2 Kings 22:20; Judges 2:10); θάπτειν τινα πρός τινα, Acts 5:10. after verbs of saying (because speech is directed toward someone), invoking, swearing, testifying, making known: with an accusative of the person, ἀνοίγω τό στόμα, 2 Corinthians 6:11; Luke 1:13, and very often by Luke; John 4:48; John 7:3, etc.; Hebrews 1:13; λαλέω, Luke 1:19, 55; Luke 2:18, etc.; 1 Thessalonians 2:2; Hebrews 5:5; Hebrews 11:18; λέγω, Luke 5:36, etc.; John 2:3; John 4:15, etc.; Hebrews 7:21; φημί, Luke 22:70; Acts 2:38 (R G); , etc.; διαλέγομαι, Acts 24:12; ἀποκρίνομαι, Luke 4:4; Acts 3:12; δέομαι, Acts 8:24; βοάω, Luke 18:7 (R G L); αἴρειν φωνήν, Acts 4:24; εὔχομαι, 2 Corinthians 13:7; ὄμνυμι, Luke 1:73; μάρτυς εἰμί, Acts 13:31; Acts 22:15; δημηγορέω, Acts 12:21; κατηγορέω, to accuse to, bring, as it were, to the judge by accusation, John 5:45; ἐμφανίζω, Acts 23:22; γνωρίζεται, be made known unto, Philippians 4:6. also after (kindred) substantives (and phrases): ἀπολογία, addressed unto one, Acts 22:1; λόγος, 2 Corinthians 1:18; λόγος παρακλήσεως, Acts 13:15; ὁ λόγος γίνεται πρός τινα, John 10:35 (Genesis 15:1, 4; Jeremiah 1:2, 11; Jeremiah 13:8; Ezekiel 6:1; Hosea 1:1); γίνεται φωνή, Acts 7:31 Rec.; ; γίνεται ἐπαγγελία, Acts 13:32 and Rec. in (where L T Tr WH εἰς); προσευχή, Romans 15:30; δέησις, Romans 10:1; προσφέρειν δεήσεις, Hebrews 5:7. πρός ἀλλήλους after ἀντιβάλλειν λόγους, Luke 24:17; Luke 8taXaXe(p, Luke 6:11; διαλέγεσθαι, Mark 9:34; διαλογίζεσθαι, Mark 8:16; εἰπεῖν, Luke 2:15 ((L marginal reading T WH λαλεῖν)); ; John 16:17; John 19:24; λέγειν, Mark 4:41; Luke 8:25; John 4:33; Acts 28:4; ὁμιλεῖν, Luke 24:14; συλλαλεῖν, Luke 4:36. πρός ἑαυτούς equivalent to πρός ἀλλήλους: after συζητεῖν, Mark 1:27 (T WH text read simply αὐτούς (as subjunctive)); ; Luke 22:23; εἰπεῖν, Mark 12:7; John 12:19; λέγειν, Mark 16:3; ἀγανακτεῖν (R. V. had indignation among themselves. saying), Mark 14:4 T WH (cf. Tr); see 2 b. below.

b. of a time drawing toward a given time (cf.

f. below): πρός ἑσπέραν ἐστιν, toward evening, Luke 24:29 (Genesis 8:11; Zechariah 14:7; Plato, de rep. 1, p. 328a.; Josephus, Antiquities 5, 4, 3; πρός ἡμέραν, Xenophon, ahab. 4, 5, 21; Plato, conviv., p. 223 c.); (πρός σάββατον, Mark 15:42 LTr text).

c. metaphorically, of mental direction, with words denoting desires and emotions of the mind, to, toward: ἐνδεικνύειν πραΰτητα, Titus 3:2; μακροθύμειν, 1 Thessalonians 5:14; ἤπιος, 2 Timothy 2:24; ἔχθρα, Luke 23:12; πεποίθησιν ἔχειν, 2 Corinthians 3:4; (ἐλπίδα ἔχων, Acts 24:15 Tdf.); πίστις, 1 Thessalonians 1:8; παρρησία, 2 Corinthians 7:4; 1 John 3:21; 1 John 5:14; with verbs signifying the mode of bearing oneself toward a person, ἐργάζεσθαι τό ἀγαθόν, Galatians 6:10; τά αὐτά, Ephesians 6:9 (Xenophon, mem. 1, 1, 6). of a hostile direction, agdainst; so after ἀνταγωνιζεσθα, Hebrews 12:4; στῆναι, Ephesians 6:11; λακτίζειν, Acts 9:5 Rec.; (see κέντρον, 2); πάλη, Ephesians 6:12; μάχεσθαι, John 6:52; διακρίνομαι, Acts 11:2; γογγυσμός, Acts 6:1; βλασφημία, Revelation 13:6; πικραίνεσθαι, Colossians 3:19; (ἔχειν τί, Acts 24:19; ἔχειν ζήτημα, ; μομφήν, Colossians 3:13; πρᾶγμα, 1 Corinthians 6:1; λόγον (see λόγος, I. 6), Acts 19:38; πρός τινα, to have something to bring against one (R. V. wherewith to answer), 2 Corinthians 5:12; τά (which Tr text WH omit) πρός τινα, the things to be said against one, Acts 23:30 (R G Tr WH; here may be added πρός πλησμονήν σαρκός, against (i. e. to check) the indulgence of the flesh, Colossians 2:23 (see πλησμονή)).

d. of the issue or end to which anything tends or leads: ἡ ἀσθένεια οὐκ ἐστι πρός θάνατον, John 11:4; ἁμαρτάνειν, ἁμαρτία πρός θάνατον, 1 John 5:16f; ἅ στρεβλουσι πρός τήν ἰδίαν αὐτῶν ἀπώλειαν, 2 Peter 3:16; τά πρός τήν εἰρήνην namely, ὄντα — now, the things which tend to the restoration of peace (A. V. conditions of peace), Luke 14:32; now, which tend to the attainment of safety (A. V. which belong unto peace), Luke 19:42; τά πρός ζωήν, καί εὐσέβειαν (A. V. that pertain unto), 2 Peter 1:3; πρός δόξαν τῷ Θεῷ, 2 Corinthians 1:20; τοῦ κυρίου, 2 Corinthians 8:19.

e. of an intended end or purpose: πρός νουθεσίαν τίνος, 1 Corinthians 10:11; as other examples add, Matthew 26:12; Romans 3:26; Romans 15:2; 1 Corinthians 6:5; 1 Corinthians 7:35; 1 Corinthians 12:7; 1 Corinthians 14:12, 26; 1 Corinthians 15:34; 2 Corinthians 4:6; 2 Corinthians 7:3; 2 Corinthians 11:8; Ephesians 4:12; 1 Timothy 1:16; Hebrews 6:11; Hebrews 9:13; πρός τί, to what end, for what intent, John 13:28; πρός τήν ἐλεημοσύνην, for the purpose of asking alms, Acts 3:10; πρός τό with an infinitive in order to, etc.: Matthew 5:28; Matthew 6:1; Matthew 13:30; Matthew 23:5; Matthew 26:12; Mark 13:22; 2 Corinthians 3:13; Ephesians 6:11; 1 Thessalonians 2:9; 2 Thessalonians 3:8, also R G in James 3:3.

f. of the time for which a thing has been, as it were, appointed, i. e. during which it will last; where we use our for (German für orauf) (cf.

b. above): πρός καιρόν (Latinad tempus, Cicero, de off. 1, 8, 27; de amicitia 15, 53; Livy 21, 25, 14), i. e. for a season, for a while, Luke 8:13; 1 Corinthians 7:5; πρός καιρόν ὥρας (R. V. for a short season), 1 Thessalonians 2:17; πρός ὥραν, for a short time, for an hour, John 5:35; 2 Corinthians 7:8; Galatians 2:5; Philemon 1:15; πρός ὀλίγας ἡμέρας, Hebrews 12:10 πρός τό παρόν, for the present, ibid. 11 (Thucydides 2, 22; Plato, legg. 5, p. 736 a.; Josephus, Antiquities 6, 5, 1; Herodian, 1, 3, 13 (5 edition, Bekker); Dio Cassius, 41, 15); πρός ὀλίγον, for a little time, James 4:4 (Lucian, dial. deor. 18, 1; Aelian v. h. 12, 63).

2. it is used of close proximity — the idea of direction, though not entirely lost, being more or less weakened;

a. answering to our at or by (German an); after verbs of fastening, adhering, moving (to): δεδέσθαι πρός τήν θύραν, Mark 11:4; προσκολλᾶσθαι, Mark 10:7 R G Tr (in marginal reading brackets); Ephesians 5:31 R G WH text; προσκόπτειν, Matthew 4:6; Luke 4:11; κεῖσθαι, equivalent to to be brought near to, Matthew 3:10; Luke 3:9 ((cf. 2 Macc. 4:33)); τιθέναι, Acts 3:2; (Acts 4:37 Tdf. (others παρά)); add, βεβλησθαι, Luke 16:20; τά πρός τήν θύραν, the forecourt (see θύρα, a.), Mark 2:2; εἶναι πρός τήν θάλασσαν (properly, toward the sea (A. V. by the sea)), Mark 4:1; θερμαίνεσθαι πρός τό φῶς, turned to the light (R. V. in the light), Mark 14:54; καθῆσθαι πρός τό φῶς, Luke 22:56; πρός τό μνημεῖον, John 20:11 Rec.; cf. Fritzsche on Mark, p. 201f b. equivalent to (Latinapud) with, with the accusative of a person, after verbs of remaining, dwelling, tarrying, etc. (which require one to be conceived of as always turned toward one), cf. Fritzsche as above: after εἶναι, Matthew 13:56; Mark 6:3; Mark 9:19; Mark 14:49; Luke 9:41; John 1:1; 1 John 1:2; 1 Thessalonians 3:4; 2 Thessalonians 2:5; 2 Thessalonians 3:10; παρεῖναι, Acts 12:20; 2 Corinthians 11:9 (8); Galatians 4:18, 20; παρουσία, Philippians 1:26; διαμενεῖν, Galatians 2:5; παραμένειν, 1 Corinthians 16:6; ἐπιμένειν, 1 Corinthians 16:7; Galatians 1:18; καθέζεσθαι, Matthew 26:55 (R G L Tr brackets); ἐνδήμειν, 2 Corinthians 5:8; κατέχειν τινα πρός ἑαυτόν, Philemon 1:13. πρός ἐμαυτόν, etc. (apud animum meum), with myself, etc. (2 Macc. 11:13; examples from Greek writings are given in Passow, under the word, I. 2, p. 1157a; (Liddell and Scott, under the word C. I. 5)), συλλογίζομαι, Luke 20:5; προσεύχομαι, Luke 18:11 (Tdf. omits πρός ἑαυτόν, Griesbach connects it with σταθείς); ἀγανακτεῖν, Mark 14:4 ((cf. 1 a. at the end); θαυμάζειν, Luke 24:12 (according to some; see above, 1 a. at the beginning)). Further, ποιεῖν τί πρός τινα, Matthew 26:18; ἔχω χάριν πρός τινα, Acts 2:47; ἔχει καύχημα ... πρός Θεόν to have whereof to glory with one (properly, turned 'toward' one), Romans 4:2; παράκλητον πρός τινα, 1 John 2:1.

3. of relation or reference to any person or thing; thus a. of fitness: joined to adjectives, ἀγαθός, Ephesians 4:29; ἕτοιμος, Titus 3:1; 1 Peter 3:15; ἱκανός, 2 Corinthians 2:16; δυνατός, 2 Corinthians 10:4; ἐξηρτισμένος, 2 Timothy 3:17; ὠφέλιμος, 1 Timothy 4:8; 2 Timothy 3:16; ἀδόκιμος, Titus 1:16; ἀνεύθετος, Acts 27:12; λευκός, white and so ready for, John 4:35; τά πρός τήν χρείαν namely, ἀναγκαῖά (R. V. such things as we needed,), Acts 28:10.

b. of the relation or close connection entered (or to be entered) into by one person with another: περιπατεῖν πρός (German im Verkehr mit (in contact with (A. V. toward)); cf. Bernhardy (1829), p. 265; Passow, under the word, I. 2, p. 1157a; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, C. I. 5)) τινα, Colossians 4:5; 1 Thessalonians 4:12; ἀναστρέφεσθαι, 2 Corinthians 1:12; of ethical relationship (where we use with), ἀσύμφωνος πρός ἀλλήλους, Acts 28:25; κονωνια, συμφώνησις πρός τινα or τί, 2 Corinthians 6:15f; εἰρήνην ἔχειν (see εἰρήνη, 5), Romans 5:1; συνείδησιν ἔχειν πρός τόν Θεόν, Acts 24:16; διαθήκην ἐντέλλομαι πρός τινα, Hebrews 9:20 (see ἐντέλλω, at the end); διαθήκην διατίθημι, Acts 2:25 (in Greek writings συνθήκας, σπονδάς, συμμαχίαν ποιεῖσθαι πρός τινα, and similar expressions; cf. Passow (or Liddell and Scott) as above); μή ταπεινώσῃ ... πρός ὑμᾶς, in my relation to you (R. V. before), 2 Corinthians 12:21; πρός ὅν ἡμῖν ὁ λόγος (see λόγος, II. 5), Hebrews 4:13. Here belongs also 2 Corinthians 4:2 (A. V. to every man's conscience).

c. with regard to (any person or thing), with respect to, as to; after verbs of saying: πρός τινα, Mark 12:12; Luke 12:41; Luke 18:9; Luke 19:9; Luke 20:19; Romans 10:21; Hebrews 1:7f; πρός τό δεῖν προσεύχεσθαι, Luke 18:1; ἐπιτρέπειν, γράφειν τί πρός τί, Matthew 19:8; Mark 10:5; ἀποκριθῆναι τί πρός τί, Matthew 27:14; ἀνταποκριθῆναι, Luke 14:6' τί ἐροῦμεν πρός ταῦτα, Romans 8:31 (Xenophon, mem. 3, 9, 12; anab. 2, 1, 20).

d. pertaining to: τά πρός τόν Θεόν (see Θεός, 3 γ.), Romans 15:17; Hebrews 2:17; Hebrews 5:1; τί πρός ἡμᾶς; namely, ἐστιν, what is that to us? i. e. it is none of our business to care for that, Matthew 27:4; also τί πρός σε; John 21:22, 23 (here Tdf. omits).

e. in comparison (like Latinad) equivalent to in comparison with: so after ἄξιος (which see in a.), Romans 8:18 (οὐ λογισθήσεται ἕτερος πρός αὐτόν, Baruch 3:36 (35); cf. Viger. edition, Herm., p. 666; (Buttmann, § 147, 28)).

f. agreeably to, according to: πρός ἅ (i. e. πρός ταῦτα ἅ) ἔπραξε, 2 Corinthians 5:10; ποιεῖν πρός τό θέλημα τίνος, Luke 12:47; ὀρθοπόδειν πρός τήν ἀλήθειαν, Galatians 2:14. Here belong Ephesians 3:4; Ephesians 4:14.

g. akin to this is the use of πρός joined to nouns denoting desires, emotions, virtues, etc., to form a periphrasis of the adverbs (cf. Winer's Grammar, § 51, 2 h.): πρός φθόνον, enviously, James 4:5 ((on this passage see φθόνος); πρός ὀργήν equivalent to ὀργίλως, Sophocles El. 369; πρός βίαν equivalent to βιαίως, Aeschylus (Prom. 208, 353, etc.) Eum. 5; others; πρός ἡδονήν καί πρός χάριν, pleasantly and graciously, Josephus, Antiquities 12, 10, 3; (other examples in Liddell and Scott, under C. III. 7)).

II. with the dative, at, near, hard by, denoting close local proximity (Winers Grammar, 395 (369f)); so six times in the N. T. (much more frequent in the Sept. and in the O. T. Apocrypha): Mark 5:11 G L T Tr WH (R. V. on the mountain side); Luke 19:37; John 18:16; John 20:11 (where Rec. has πρός τό μν,.); John 20:12; Revelation 1:13.

III. with the genitive,

a. properly, used of that from which something proceeds;

b. (Latina parte i. e.) on the side of; hence, tropically πρός τίνος εἶναι or ὑπάρχειν, to pertain to one, lie in one's interests, be to one's advantage: so once in the N. T. τοῦτο πρός τῆς ὑμετέρας σωτηρίας ὑπάρχει, conduces to (A. V. is for) your safety, Acts 27:34. (Κροισος ἐλπισας πρός ἑωυτοῦ τόν χρησμον εἶναι, Herodotus 1, 75; οὐ πρός τῆς ὑμετέρας δόξης, it will not redound to your credit, Thucydides 3, 59; add, Plato, Gorgias, p. 459 c.; Lucian, dial. deor. 20, 3; Dionysius Halicarnassus, Antiquities 10, 30; Arrian exp. Alex. 1, 19, 6; cf. Viger. edition, Herm., p. 659f; Matthiae, p. 1385f; (Liddell and Scott, under the word A. IV.); Winer's Grammar, 374 (350).)

IV. in Composition πρός signifies

1. direction or motion to a goal: προσάγω, προσεγγίζω, προσέρχομαι, προστρέχω.

2. addition, accession, besides: προσανατίθημι, προσαπειλέω, προσοφείλω.

3. vicinity: προσεδρεύω, προσμένω.

4. our on, at, as in προσκόπτω; and then of things which adhere to or are fastened to others, as προσηλόω, προσπήγνυμι.

5. to or for, of a thing adjusted to some standard: πρόσκαιρος. Cf. Zeune ad Viger. edition, Herm., p. 666.

to, towards

A strengthened form of pro; a preposition of direction; forward to, i.e. Toward (with the genitive case, the side of, i.e. Pertaining to; with the dative case, by the side of, i.e. Near to; usually with the accusative case, the place, time, occasion, or respect, which is the destination of the relation, i.e. Whither or for which it is predicated) -- about, according to, against, among, at, because of, before, between, (where-)by, for, X at thy house, in, for intent, nigh unto, of, which pertain to, that, to (the end that), X together, to (you) -ward, unto, with(-in). In the comparative case, it denotes essentially the same applications, namely, motion towards, accession to, or nearness at.

see GREEK pro

εἰς προς πρός πρὸς eis pros prós pròsInterlinear Greek • Interlinear Hebrew • Strong's Numbers • Englishman's Greek Concordance • Englishman's Hebrew Concordance • Parallel Texts