Lexical Summary echó: To have, to hold, to possess Original Word: ἔχω Strong's Exhaustive Concordance to have, holdIncluding an alternate form scheo skheh'-o; (used in certain tenses only); a primary verb; to hold (used in very various applications, literally or figuratively, direct or remote; such as possession; ability, contiuity, relation, or condition) -- be (able, X hold, possessed with), accompany, + begin to amend, can(+ -not), X conceive, count, diseased, do + eat, + enjoy, + fear, following, have, hold, keep, + lack, + go to law, lie, + must needs, + of necessity, + need, next, + recover, + reign, + rest, + return, X sick, take for, + tremble, + uncircumcised, use. NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Origina prim. verb Definition to have, hold NASB Translation ability (1), able (1), accompany (1), acknowledge* (1), am (2), become (1), been (3), being (1), being under (1), bringing (1), conceived* (1), consider (2), considered (2), could (2), derive (1), deriving (1), devoid* (1), enjoyed (1), experiencing (1), felt (1), following (1), get (2), gripped (1), had (80), has (134), have (283), have had (2), having (50), held (1), hold (5), holding (7), holds (2), ill* (5), incurring (1), involves (1), keep (3), keeping (3), kept (1), maintain (1), maintained (1), maintaining (1), meets (1), nearby (1), next (2), obliged* (1), obtain (2), obtained (1), owned (3), possess (2), possessed (4), possesses (1), receive (1), received (1), recover* (1), regard (2), regarded (1), reigns* (1), remember* (1), retain (1), seize (1), show (1), think* (1), unable* (1), under (1), under* (1), use (1), without* (3). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2192: ἔχωἔχω; future ἕξω; imperfect εἶχον (1 person plural ἐιχαμεν, 2 John 1:5 T Tr WH), 3 person plural ἐιχαν (Mark 8:7 L T Tr WH; Revelation 9:8 L T Tr WH; but cf. (Sophocles Lexicon, Introduction, p. 38; Tdf. Proleg., p. 123; WHs Appendix, p. 165); Buttmann, 40 (35)) and εἴχοσαν (L T Tr WH in John 15:22, 24; but cf. Alexander Buttmann (1873) in Theol. Studien und Kritiken 1858, pp. 485ff 491; see his N. T. Gr., p. 43 (37); (Sophocles Lexicon, Introduction, p. 39; Tdf. Proleg., p. 124; WHs Appendix, p. 165; cf. δολιόω)); present middle participle ἐχόμενος; to have — with 2 aorist active ἔσχον; perfect ἔσχηκα; I. Transitively. 1. to have equivalent to to hold; a. to have (hold) in the hand: τί ἐν τῇ χειρί, Revelation 1:16; Revelation 6:5; Revelation 10:2; Revelation 17:4; and simply, Revelation 5:8; Revelation 8:3, 6; Revelation 14:6, etc.; Hebrews 8:3. b. in the sense of wearing (Latingestare); of garments, arms and the like: τό ἔνδυμα, Matthew 3:4; Matthew 22:12; κατά κεφαλῆς ἔχων, namely, τί, having a covering hanging down from the head, i. e. having the head covered (Buttmann, § 130, 5; Winer's Grammar, § 47, k. cf. 594 (552)), 1 Corinthians 11:4; θώρακας, Revelation 9:17; μάχαιραν, John 18:10; add Matthew 26:7; Mark 14:3; of a tree having (bearing) leaves, Mark 11:13; ἐν γαστρί ἔχειν, namely, ἔμβρυον, to be pregnant (cf. Winers Grammar, 594 (552); Buttmann, 144 (126)) (see γαστήρ, 2). Metaphorically, ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἔχειν τό ἀπόκριμα, 2 Corinthians 1:9; τήν μαρτυρίαν, 1 John 5:10; ἐν καρδία ἔχειν τινα, to have (carry) one in one's heart, to love one constantly, Philippians 1:7. c. tropically, to have (hold) possession of the mind; said of alarm, agitating emotions, etc.: ἐίχειν αὐτάς τρόμος καί ἔκστασις, Mark 16:8 (Job 21:6; Isaiah 13:8, and often in secular authors; cf. Passow, under the word, p. 1294f; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. 8)). d. to hold fast, keep: ἡ μνᾶ σου, ἥν εἶχον ἀποκειμένην ἐν σουδαρίῳ, Luke 19:20; tropically, τόν Θεόν ἔχειν ἐν ἐπιγνώσει, Romans 1:28; to keep in mind, τάς ἐντολάς, John 14:21 (see ἐντολή, under the end); τήν μαρτυρίαν, Revelation 6:9; Revelation 12:17; Revelation 19:10; τό μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως ἐν καθαρά συνειδήσει, 1 Timothy 3:9; ὑποτύπωσιν ὑγιαινόντων λόγων, 2 Timothy 1:13. e. to have (in itself or as a consequence), comprise, involve: ἔργον, James 1:4; James 2:17; κόλασιν, 1 John 4:18; μισθαποδοσίαν, Hebrews 10:35 (Wis. 8:16). See examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1296f; (Liddell and Scott, see A. I. 8 and 10). f. by a Latinism equivalent toaestimo, to regard, consider, hold as (but this sense is still denied by Meyer, on Luke as below; Matthew 14:5): τινα with the accusative of the predicate, ἔχε με παρῃτημένον, have me excused, Luke 14:18; τινα ὡς προφήτην, Matthew 14:5; Matthew 21:26 (ἔχειν Ἰαννην καί Ἰαμβρην ὡς Θεούς, Ev. Nicod. 5); τινα ἔντιμον (see ἔντιμος), Philippians 2:29; τήν ψυχήν μου (G omits μου) τιμίαν ἐμαυτῷ, Acts 20:24 R G; τινα εἰς προφήτην (a Hebraism (see εἰς, B. II. 3 c. Ψ. at the end)), for a prophet, Matthew 21:46 L T Tr WH, cf. Buttmann, § 131, 7; τινα, ὅτι ὄντως (T Tr WH ὄντως, ὅτι etc.) προφήτης ἦν, Mark 11:32, cf. Buttmann, § 151, 1 a.; (Winer's Grammar, § 66, 5 a.). 2. to have equivalent to to own, possess; a. external things such as pertain to property, riches, furniture, utensils, goods, food, etc.: as τόν βίον, Luke 21:4; 1 John 3:17; κτήματα, Matthew 19:22; Mark 10:22; θησαυρόν, Matthew 19:21; Mark 10:21; ἀγαθά, Luke 12:19; πρόβατα Luke 15:4; John 10:16; δραχμάς, Luke 15:8; πλοῖα, Revelation 18:19; κληρονομίαν, Ephesians 5:5; (cf. Matthew 21:38 LT Tr WH, where R G κατάσχωμεν); μέρος followed by ἐν with the dative of the thing, Revelation 20:6; θυσιαστήριον, Hebrews 13:10; ὅσα ἔχεις, Mark 10:21; Mark 12:44; Matthew 13:44, 46; Matthew 18:25; μηδέν, 2 Corinthians 6:10; τί δέ ἔχεις, ὁ etc. 1 Corinthians 4:7; with a predicate accusative added, εἶχον ἅπαντα κοινά, Acts 2:44; absolutely ἔχειν, to have property, to be rich: οὐκ and μή ἔχειν (A. V. to have not), to be destitute, be poor, Matthew 13:12; Matthew 25:29; Mark 4:25; Luke 8:18; Luke 19:26; 1 Corinthians 11:22; 2 Corinthians 8:12 (Nehemiah 8:10; 1 Esdr. 9:51, 54; Sir. 13:5; examples from Greek authors in Passow, under the word, p. 1295b; (Liddell and Scott, under the word, A. I. l; cf. Winer's Grammar, 594 (552))); ἐκ τοῦ ἔχειν, in proportion to your means (see ἐκ, II. 13 at the end), 2 Corinthians 8:11. b. Under the head of possession belongs the phrase ἔχειν τινα as commonly used of those joined to anyone by the bonds of nature, blood, marriage, friendship, duty, law, compact, and the like: πατέρα, John 8:41; ἀδελφούς, Luke 16:28; ἄνδρα (a husband), John 4:17; Galatians 4:27; γυναῖκα, 1 Corinthians 7:2, 12f, 29; τέκνα, Matthew 21:28; Matthew 22:24; 1 Timothy 3:4; Titus 1:6; υἱούς, Galatians 4:22; σπέρμα, offspring, Matthew 22:25; χήρας, 1 Timothy 5:16; ἀσθενοῦντας, Luke 4:40; φίλον, Luke 11:5; παιδαγωγούς, 1 Corinthians 4:15; ἔχειν κύριον, to have (be subject to) a master, Colossians 4:1; δεσπότην, 1 Timothy 6:2; βασιλέα, John 19:15; with ἐφ' ἑαυτῶν added, Revelation 9:11; ἔχει τόν κρίνοντα αὐτόν, John 12:48; ἔχειν οἰκονόμον, Luke 16:1; δοῦλον, Luke 17:7; ἀρχιερέα, Hebrews 4:14; Hebrews 8:1; ποιμένα, Matthew 9:36; ἔχων ὑπ' ἐμαυτόν στρατιώτας, Luke 12:8; ἔχειν τόν υἱόν καί τόν πατέρα, to be in living union with the Son (Christ) and the Father by faith, knowledge, profession, 1 John 2:23; (1 John 5:12); 2 John 1:9. With two accusatives, one of which serves as a predicate: πατέρα τόν Ἀβραάμ, Abraham for our father, Matthew 3:9; add, Acts 13:5; Philippians 3:17; Hebrews 12:9; ἔχειν τινα γυναῖκα, to have (use) a woman (unlawfully) as a wife, Matthew 14:4; Mark 6:18; 1 Corinthians 5:1 (where see Meyer) (of lawful marriage, Xenophon, Cyril 1, 5, 4). c. of attendance or companionship: ἔχειν τινα μεθ' ἑαυτοῦ, Matthew 15:30; Matthew 26:11; Mark 2:19; Mark 14:7; John 12:8. d. ἔχειν τί to have a thing in readiness, have at hand, have in store: οὐκ ἔχομεν εἰ μή πέντε ἄρτους, Matthew 14:17; add, Matthew 15:34; John 2:3 (not Tdf.); e. a person or thing is said ἔχειν those things which are its parts or are members of his body: as χεῖρας, πόδας, ὀφθαλμούς, Matthew 18:8; Mark 9:43, 45, 47; οὖς, Revelation 2:7, 11, etc.; ὦτα, Matthew 11:15; Mark 7:16 (T WH omit; Tr brackets the verse); Mark 8:18; μέλη, Romans 12:4; 1 Corinthians 12:12; σάρκα καί ὀστέα, Luke 24:39; ἀκροβυστίαν, Acts 11:3; an animal is said ἔχειν head, horns, wings, etc.: Revelation 4:7; Revelation 5:6; Revelation 8:9; Revelation 9:8ff; 12:3, etc.; a house, city, or wall, ἔχειν θεμελίους, Hebrews 11:10; Revelation 21:14; στάσιν, Hebrews 9:8; (add ἐπιστολήν ἔχουσαν (R G περιέχουσαν) τόν τύπον τοῦτον, Acts 23:25). f. one is said to have the diseases or other ills with which he is affected or afflicted: μάστιγας, Mark 3:10; ἀσθενείας, Acts 28:9; wounds, Revelation 13:14; θλῖψιν, John 16:33; 1 Corinthians 7:28; Revelation 2:10. Here belong the expressions δαιμόνιον ἔχειν, to be possessed by a demon, Matthew 11:18; Luke 7:33; Luke 8:27; John 7:20; John 8:48f, 52; John 10:20; Βηλζεβουλ, Mark 3:22; πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον, Mark 3:30; Mark 7:25; Luke 4:33; Acts 8:7; πνεῦμα πονηρόν, Acts 19:13; πνεῦμα ἀσθενείας, i. e. a demon causing infirmity, Luke 13:11; πνεῦμα ἄλαλον, Mark 9:17; λεγεῶνα, Mark 5:15. g. one is said to have intellectual or spiritual faculties, endowments, virtues, sensations, desires, emotions, affections, faults, defects, etc.: σοφίαν, Revelation 17:9; γνῶσιν, 1 Corinthians 8:1, 10; χαρίσματα, Romans 12:6; προφητείαν, 1 Corinthians 13:2; πίστιν, Matthew 17:20; Matthew 21:21; Mark 11:22; Luke 17:6; Acts 14:9; Romans 14:22; 1 Timothy 1:19; Philemon 1:5; πεποίθησιν, 2 Corinthians 3:4; Philippians 3:4; παρρησίαν, Philemon 1:8; Hebrews 10:19; 1 John 2:28; 1 John 3:21; 1 John 4:17; 1 John 5:14; ἀγάπην, John 5:42; John 13:35; John 15:13; 1 John 4:16; 1 Corinthians 13:1ff; 2 Corinthians 2:4; Philippians 2:2; Philemon 1:5; 1 Peter 4:8; ἐλπίδα (see ἐλπίς, 2, p. 206a middle); ζῆλον, zeal, Romans 10:2; envy, jealousy (ἐν τῇ καρδία), James 3:14; χάριν τίνι, to be thankful to one, Luke 17:9; 1 Timothy 1:12; 2 Timothy 1:3; θυμόν, Revelation 12:12; ὑπομονήν, Revelation 2:3; φόβον, 1 Timothy 5:20; χαράν, Philemon 1:7 (Rec.st χάριν); 3 John 1:4 (WH text χάριν); λύπην, John 16:21; 2 Corinthians 2:3; Philippians 2:27; ἐπιθυμίαν, Philippians 1:23; ἐπιποθίαν, Romans 15:23; μνείαν τίνος, 1 Thessalonians 3:6. συνείδησιν καλήν, ἀγαθήν, ἀπρόσκοπον: Acts 24:16; 1 Timothy 1:19; 1 Peter 3:16; Hebrews 13:18; συνείδησιν ἁμαρτιῶν, Hebrews 10:2; ἀγνωσίαν Θεοῦ, 1 Corinthians 15:34; ἀσθένειαν, Hebrews 7:28; ἁμαρτίαν, John 9:41; John 15:22, etc. h. of age and time: ἡλικίαν, mature years (A. V. to be of age), John 9:21, 23; ἔτη, to have (completed) years, be years old, John 8:57; with ἐν τίνι added: in a state or condition, John 5:5 (Winers Grammar, 256 (240) note{3}; Buttmann, § 147, 11); in a place, τέσσαρας ἡμέρας ἐν τῷ μνημείῳ, John 11:17; beginning or end, or both, Hebrews 7:3; Mark 3:26; Luke 22:37 (see τέλος, 1 a.). i. ἔχειν τί is said of opportunities, benefits, advantages, conveniences, which one enjoys or can make use of: βάθος γῆς, Matthew 13:5; γῆν πολλήν, Mark 4:5; ἰκμάδα, Luke 8:6; καιρόν, Galatians 6:10; Hebrews 11:15; Revelation 12:12; ἐξουσίαν, see ἐξουσία, passim; εἰρήνην διά τίνος, Romans 5:1 (where we must read ἔχομεν, not (with T Tr WH L marginal reading (cf. WH. Introductory § 404)) ἔχωμεν); ἐλευθερίαν, Galatians 2:4; πνεῦμα Θεοῦ, 1 Corinthians 7:40; πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ, Romans 8:9; νοῦν Χριστοῦ, 1 Corinthians 2:16; ζωήν, John 5:40; John 10:10; John 20:31; τήν ζωήν, 1 John 5:12; ζωήν αἰώνιον, Matthew 19:16; John 3:15f, 36 (cf. Winer's Grammar, 266 (249)); II. Intransitively. a. (Latinmehabeo) to hold oneself or find oneself so and so, to be in such or such a condition: ἑτοίμως ἔχω, to be ready, followed by an infinitive, Acts 21:13; 2 Corinthians 12:14; 1 Peter 4:5 (not WH); ἐσχάτως (see ἐσχάτως), Mark 5:23; κακῶς, to be sick, Matthew 4:24; Matthew 8:16; Matthew 9:12; ( b. impersonally: ἄλλως ἔχει, it is otherwise, 1 Timothy 5:25; οὕτως, Acts 7:1; Acts 12:15; Acts 17:11; Acts 24:9; τό νῦν, ἔχον, as things now are, for the present, Acts 24:25 (Tobit 7:11, and examples from later secular authors in Kypke, Observations, 2, p. 124; cf. Vig. ed. Herm., p. 9; (cf. Winer's Grammar, 463 (432))). III. Middle έ᾿χομαι τίνος (in Greek writings from Homer down), properly, to hold oneself to a thing, to lay hold of a thing, to adhere or cling to; to be closely joined to a person or thing (cf. Winers Grammar, 202 (190); Buttmann, 192 (166f), 161 (140)): τά ἐχόμενα τῆς σωτηρίας, Vulg.viciniorasaluti, connected with salvation, or which lead to it, Hebrews 6:9, where cf. Bleek; ὁ ἐχόμενος, near, adjoining, neighboring, bordering, next: of place, κωμοπόλεις, Mark 1:38 (νῆσος, Isocrates paneg. § 96; οἱ ἐχόμενοι, neighbors, Herodotus 1, 134); of time, τῇ ἐχομένῃ namely, ἡμέρα, the following day, Luke 13:33; Acts 20:15 (1 Macc. 4:28; Polybius 3, 112, 1; 5, 13, 9); with ἡμέρα added, Acts 21:26; σαββάτῳ, Acts 13:44 (where R T Tr WH text ἐρχομένῳ); ἐνιαυτῷ, 1 Macc. 4:28 (with variant ἐρχομένῳ ἐνιαυτῷ); τοῦ ἐχομενου ἔτους, Thucydides 6, 3. (Compare: ἀνέχω, προσανέχω, ἀντέχω, ἀπέχω, ἐνέχω, ἐπέχω, κατέχω, μετέχω, παρέχω, περιέχω, προέχω, προσέχω, συνέχω, ὑπέρχω, ὑπέχω.) Strong’s Greek 2192 permeates the New Testament with the idea of possession, relationship, condition, or control. Whether describing what the Lord eternally bestows, what believers gratefully receive, or what the ungodly vainly cling to, the verb frames countless doctrinal, ethical, and pastoral statements. Seminal Theological Themes 1. Spiritual possession in Christ Possessing Salvation and Eternal Life John’s Gospel makes 2192 central to soteriology. “Everyone who believes in Him shall not perish but have eternal life” (John 3:16). The present-tense “have” underscores eternal life as a present possession, not merely a future hope (John 3:36; John 6:47). 1 John echoes: “Whoever has the Son has life” (1 John 5:12). Holding Faith, Hope, Love Exhortations link 2192 with cardinal virtues. “If you have faith like a mustard seed…” (Matthew 17:20); “Having been justified by faith, we have peace with God” (Romans 5:1). Love is tested: “If I have all faith so as to move mountains, but do not have love, I am nothing” (1 Corinthians 13:2). Hope is guarded: “We who have fled to take hold of the hope set before us” (Hebrews 6:18). Having the Holy Spirit and Spiritual Gifts Believers “have an anointing from the Holy One” (1 John 2:20). The Spirit-distributed gifts are manifold: “The body is one and has many members… the ear should not say, ‘Because I am not an eye, I do not belong’” (1 Corinthians 12:12-23). The command “do not quench the Spirit” implies stewardship over what we have received. Authority and Position in Christ The Son “has life in Himself” (John 5:26) and “has all things in His hand” (John 3:35). He delegates: “All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to Me” (Matthew 28:18) and “I have other sheep… they too will listen to My voice” (John 10:16). Disciples are urged, “Have faith in God” (Mark 11:22) as they exercise derived authority (Luke 10:19). Stewardship of Material Goods The verb frequently speaks of earthly possessions. Rich seekers are told, “Go, sell what you have” (Matthew 19:21). The early church “had all things in common” (Acts 2:44). Generosity is expected: “Let the one who steals steal no longer; rather let him labor… so that he may have something to share” (Ephesians 4:28). Withholding help is condemned: “Whoever has this world’s goods and sees his brother in need, yet closes his heart… how can the love of God abide in him?” (1 John 3:17). States of Need, Sickness, or Bondage 2192 names physical conditions: those “having diseases” came to Jesus (Matthew 4:24). Demoniacs “had an unclean spirit” (Mark 5:3). Such usage contrasts the helpless state without Christ to the wholeness found in Him. Warnings and Judgment Parables draw sharp lines: “Whoever has will be given more; whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away” (Matthew 13:12). Churches are warned, “You have a reputation for being alive, but you are dead” (Revelation 3:1). False teachers “have the teaching of Balaam” (Revelation 2:14). Refusal to come to Christ leaves a man empty: “You refuse to come to Me to have life” (John 5:40). Pastoral Exhortations to Hold Fast Paul charges Timothy, “Hold to the pattern of sound teaching you have heard from me” (2 Timothy 1:13). James urges steadfastness: “Let endurance have its perfect work” (James 1:4). Hebrews repeatedly presses believers to “hold fast the confession” they have (Hebrews 4:14; 10:19-23). Corporate Possession: The Church as Body The church “has many members, and not all members have the same function” (Romans 12:4). Diversity of gifts builds unity when each “has a hymn, a teaching, a revelation” used for edification (1 Corinthians 14:26). Eschatological Inheritance Overcomers “have part in the first resurrection” (Revelation 20:6). The New Jerusalem “has the glory of God” (Revelation 21:11). Conversely, those without Christ “will not have any share in the tree of life” (cf. Revelation 22:19). Historical Application in Early Church Acts records believers who “had everything in common” and none “had any need” (Acts 4:34). Possessive language frames disputes (Acts 5:4), missionary qualifications (Acts 3:6), and civil proceedings (Acts 24:23). Contemporary Ministry Implications • Emphasize the believer’s present possession of eternal life and peace. Related Old Testament Background Hebrew equivalents (יֵשׁ, בָּעַל, אָחַז) similarly carry ideas of possession and covenantal holding—Israel “had” the LORD as her God (Deuteronomy 26:17-18). The New Testament deepens the motif, centering all true possession in Christ. Conclusion Across narrative, epistle, and apocalypse, 2192 consistently calls every reader to consider what he or she truly “has.” In Christ, believers hold life, hope, and an unfading inheritance; apart from Him, all possessions prove transient. Englishman's Concordance Matthew 1:18 V-PPA-NFSGRK: ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχουσα ἐκ πνεύματος INT: in womb to have [child] through [the] Spirit Matthew 1:23 V-FIA-3S Matthew 3:4 V-IIA-3S Matthew 3:9 V-PIA-1P Matthew 3:14 V-PIA-1S Matthew 4:24 V-PPA-AMP Matthew 5:23 V-PIA-3S Matthew 5:46 V-PIA-2P Matthew 6:1 V-PIA-2P Matthew 6:8 V-PIA-2P Matthew 7:29 V-PPA-NMS Matthew 8:9 V-PPA-NMS Matthew 8:16 V-PPA-AMP Matthew 8:20 V-PIA-3P Matthew 8:20 V-PIA-3S Matthew 9:6 V-PIA-3S Matthew 9:12 V-PIA-3P Matthew 9:12 V-PPA-NMP Matthew 9:36 V-PPA-NNP Matthew 11:15 V-PPA-NMS Matthew 11:18 V-PIA-3S Matthew 12:10 V-PPA-NMS Matthew 12:11 V-FIA-3S Matthew 13:5 V-IIA-3S Matthew 13:5 V-PNA Strong's Greek 2192 |
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