Ephesians 4
Berean Study Bible

Unity in the Body

As a prisoner in the Lord, then,

Paul wrote while confined under Roman guard, likely during his first imprisonment in Rome. His chains were the result of faithful service to Christ, and he viewed himself ultimately as belonging to the Lord rather than as Rome’s captive. His suffering gave weight to his appeal, showing that allegiance to Christ governed his circumstances and conduct.

Eph 3:1 For this reason I, Paul, the prisoner of Christ Jesus…
Phm 1:1 Paul, a prisoner of Christ Jesus, and Timothy our brother…
Php 1:13 As a result, it has become clear throughout the palace guard…

I urge you

Paul appeals as a spiritual father who has spent the first part of the letter describing God’s saving work and the believers’ identity in Christ. He now turns to the practical responsibilities that flow from that calling.

Rom 12:1 Therefore I urge you, brothers, on account of God’s mercy,…
1Th 4:1 Finally, brothers, we ask and encourage you…
Phm 1:9 I prefer to appeal on the basis of love.…

to walk in a manner worthy

Their daily walk, or conduct and lifestyle, was to correspond with the gospel they had received. Worthy living reflected the value of their calling and included humility, holiness, love, unity, and obedience, displaying the new life Christ had given them.

Php 1:27 Nevertheless, conduct yourselves in a manner worthy…
Col 1:10 so that you may walk in a manner worthy of the Lord…
1Th 2:12 encouraging you, comforting you, and urging you……

of the calling you have received:

God had called them out of spiritual death into salvation and into His people. Their shared calling required a life that reflected their position in Christ and strengthened the unity of the church.

2Ti 1:9 He has saved us and called us to a holy calling…
2Th 2:14 He called you through our gospel, so that you may share in…
Heb 3:1 Therefore, holy brothers, who share in the heavenly calling…

with all humility and gentleness,

Humility recognizes God’s authority and rejects self-promotion. Gentleness governs strength, responding without harshness or retaliation. In a culture that often admired status and force, these qualities marked believers as people shaped by Christ rather than worldly ambition. They protect the church from pride, rivalry, and needless conflict.

Mat 11:29 Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me…
Col 3:12 Therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved…
2Co 10:1 Now by the mildness and gentleness of Christ,…

with patience,

Patience endures pressure, provocation, and the weaknesses of others without resentment. God patiently bears with sinners, and His people are to show the same restraint within the church. Unity cannot endure where every offense produces anger or division.

1Th 5:14 And we urge you, brothers, to admonish the unruly…
2Ti 2:24 And a servant of the Lord must not be quarrelsome…
Jas 5:7-8 Be patient, then, brothers, until the Lord’s coming…

bearing with one another in love,

Believers are to make room for one another’s faults and differences, supporting rather than abandoning one another. Love seeks the good of fellow Christians and refuses to treat personal irritation as a reason for separation. Such love joined people across social, ethnic, and economic divisions in the early church and remains necessary for faithful unity.

Col 3:13 Bear with one another and forgive any complaint…
1Co 13:7 It bears all things, believes all things…
1Pe 4:8 Above all, love one another deeply, because love covers…

and with diligence

Believers are to give careful, persistent attention to their conduct toward one another, recognizing that unity requires deliberate effort rather than passive agreement.

2Pe 1:5 For this very reason, make every effort to add to your faith…
Heb 6:11 We want each of you to show this same diligence…
Pro 4:23 Guard your heart with all diligence, for from it flow…

to preserve the unity of the Spirit

The Holy Spirit has made all true believers one in Christ, joining them in a common faith, salvation, and life. Their responsibility is not to create that unity but to guard it from division, pride, bitterness, and false teaching.

Jhn 17:21-23 that all of them may be one, as You, Father, are in Me…
1Co 12:12-13 The body is a unit, though it is composed of many parts…
Php 2:1-2 Therefore if you have any encouragement in Christ,…

through the bond of peace.

Peace holds the church together through reconciliation, patience, humility, and forgiveness. In the biblical sense, peace is more than the absence of conflict; it is the presence of harmony and wholeness. It reflects the peace Christ secured between God and His people and is to govern relationships within the body of Christ.

Col 3:14-15 And over all these virtues put on love…
Rom 14:19 So then, let us pursue what leads to peace…
Heb 12:14 Pursue peace with everyone, as well as holiness,…

There is one body

The Church is Christ’s unified people, joined to Him and to one another despite differences of ethnicity, social position, and background. Like a body, its members have distinct roles yet depend on one another under Christ, its head.

1Co 12:12 The body is a unit, though it is composed of many parts…
Eph 2:16 reconciling both to God in one body through the cross…
Rom 12:5 so in Christ we who are many are one body,…

and one Spirit,

The Holy Spirit gives spiritual life to every believer and forms them into one people. His presence marks those who belong to Christ and equips the Church for faithful service.

Eph 2:18 For through Him we both have access to the Father…
1Co 12:13 For in one Spirit we were all baptized into one body…
1Co 12:4 There are different gifts, but the same Spirit.

just as you were called to one hope

All believers share the same certain expectation: resurrection, eternal life, and full fellowship with Christ in God’s coming kingdom.

Eph 1:18 I ask that the eyes of your heart may be enlightened,…
Col 1:27 To them God has chosen to make known among the Gentiles…
Tit 1:2 in the hope of eternal life, which God,…

when you were called;

God’s call brings people from sin into salvation through Christ, not because of human merit but according to His grace and purpose.

1Co 1:9 God, who has called you into fellowship with His Son…
Rom 8:30 And those He predestined, He also called;…
2Ti 1:9 He has saved us and called us to a holy calling…

one Lord,

Jesus Christ alone is the sovereign head of the church. Confessing Him as Lord set believers apart from both pagan loyalty to emperors and the rejection of Jesus by many in the Jewish community. The church’s unity rests on allegiance to the risen Christ, who possesses divine authority over all His people.

1Co 8:6 Yet for us there is but one God, the Father…
Rom 14:9 For this reason Christ died and returned to life…
Php 2:11 and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord,…

one faith,

All believers share the same gospel: salvation through Christ’s death and resurrection and submission to His teaching. This common faith guarded the church against division and false teaching, binding Jews and Gentiles into one people.

Jud 1:3 Beloved, although I made every effort to write to you…
2Ti 4:7 I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race…
Tit 1:13 This testimony is true. Therefore rebuke them sternly,…

one baptism;

Baptism publicly marks entry into the Christian community and identification with Christ in His death, burial, and resurrection. Regardless of social standing, ethnicity, or former religion, those baptized into Christ belong to the same body.

Mat 28:19 Therefore go and make disciples of all nations,…
Rom 6:3-4 Or aren’t you aware that all of us who were baptized……
Gal 3:27 For all of you who were baptized into Christ…

one God and Father of all,

Paul grounds the unity of the church in the one true God. He is Father of all believers, who have been brought into His family through faith in Christ, and Creator and ruler of all people.

1Co 8:6 Yet for us there is but one God, the Father…
Mal 2:10 Do we not all have one Father? Did not one God create us?…

who is over all

God possesses supreme authority over every nation, ruler, power, and circumstance. Nothing lies outside His rule.

Psa 103:19 The LORD has established His throne in heaven…
Psa 47:2 How awesome is the LORD Most High, the great King…

and through all

He accomplishes His purposes throughout the life of His people, sustaining, guiding, and working in the church He has redeemed.

Rom 11:36 For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things.…
Col 1:16 For in Him all things were created, things in heaven…

and in all.

God dwells in believers by His Spirit, making His presence a shared reality among those united in Christ.

Col 3:11 Here there is no Greek or Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised…
1Co 15:28 And when all things have been subjected to Him…

Now to each one of us

Paul addresses every believer in the church, Jew and Gentile alike. Unity in Christ does not erase individual identity or responsibility within the body.

1Co 12:7 Now to each one the manifestation of the Spirit is given…
1Pe 4:10 As good stewards of the manifold grace of God,…

grace has been given

God freely supplies what each Christian needs for salvation, growth, and service. In Ephesus, where worship often involved ritual obligation, this gift stood apart as God’s unearned favor.

Rom 12:6 We have different gifts according to the grace given us.…
2Ti 1:9 He has saved us and called us to a holy calling…

according to the measure

God distributes grace and spiritual ability according to His wisdom and purpose. No believer receives gifts on the basis of merit, and each has a fitting place in the church.

Rom 12:3 For by the grace given me I say to every one of you:…
2Co 10:13 We, however, will not boast beyond our limits…

of the gift of Christ.

Christ is the source and measure of every spiritual blessing. Through His saving work, believers receive both forgiveness and the strength to serve Him in the life of the church.

Rom 5:15-17 But the gift is not like the trespass…
Rom 6:23 For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God…

This is why it says:

Paul cites Psalm 68:18 to portray Christ as the victorious King whose work fulfills God’s revealed plan.

Psa 68:18 You have ascended on high; You have led captives away.…
Psa 68:24-25 They have seen Your procession, O God—the march of my God…

“When He ascended on high,

After His resurrection, Christ ascended bodily into heaven, taking His rightful place of authority and triumph over sin, death, and the powers opposed to God.

Psa 47:5-9 God has ascended amid shouts of joy, the LORD…
Psa 24:7-10 Lift up your heads, O gates! Be lifted up, O ancient doors,…
Act 1:9-11 He had said this, they watched as He was taken up…

He led captives away,

Like a conquering ruler returning from battle, Christ displayed His victory over those forces that had held humanity in bondage.

Jdg 5:12 Awake, awake, O Deborah! Awake, awake, sing a song!…
Col 2:15 And having disarmed the powers and authorities,…
Heb 2:14-15 Now since the children have flesh and blood,…

and gave gifts to men.”

From His exalted position, Christ gave spiritual gifts to His people for ministry, unity, and the strengthening of the church.

Act 2:33 Exalted, then, to the right hand of God,…
1Co 12:4-11 There are different gifts, but the same Spirit.…
Rom 12:6-8 We have different gifts according to the grace given us.…

What does “He ascended” mean,

Jesus Christ ascended bodily into heaven after His resurrection, returning to the Father in glory when His earthly ministry was complete. His ascension marked His exaltation as the risen Lord and the beginning of His heavenly ministry on behalf of His people.

Psa 68:18 You have ascended on high; You have led captives away.…
Act 1:9 He had said this, they watched as He was taken up…
Jhn 6:62 Then what will happen if you see the Son of Man ascend…

except that He also descended

Before entering glory, the eternal Son came down from heaven in the incarnation, taking true human nature and living among mankind. His descent reveals the full extent of His humiliation, culminating in His death and burial.

Jhn 3:13 No one has ascended into heaven except the One…
Jhn 6:38 For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will…
Php 2:7-8 but emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant…

to the lower parts of the earth?

He descended to the earth itself, the lower realm in contrast to heaven, and entered the grave through death. Having truly died and been buried, He rose victorious over sin and death before ascending above all.

Psa 63:9 But those who seek my life to destroy it…
Mat 12:40 For as Jonah was three days and three nights……
Act 2:31 Foreseeing this, David spoke about the resurrection…

He who descended

Jesus Christ came from heaven into the world, taking true humanity and humbling Himself unto death and burial.

Jhn 3:13 No one has ascended into heaven except the One…
Jhn 6:38 For I have come down from heaven, not to do My own will…

is the very One who ascended

The risen Christ returned bodily to the Father’s presence, exalted as the victorious Lord.

Luk 24:51 While He was blessing them, He left them…
Act 1:9-11 He had said this, they watched as He was taken up…
Act 2:33 Exalted, then, to the right hand of God,…

above all the heavens,

His ascension placed Him above every created realm, confirming His supreme authority.

Heb 7:26 Such a high priest truly befits us—One who is holy,…
Heb 4:14 Therefore, since we have a great high priest…
Eph 1:20-21 which He exerted in Christ when He raised Him…

in order to fill all things.

From His exalted position, Christ exercises His rule over all creation and supplies His Church with all that is needed for its calling.

Eph 1:22-23 And God put everything under His feet and made Him head…
Col 1:19 For God was pleased to have all His fullness dwell in Him,
Col 2:9-10 For in Christ all the fullness of the Deity…

And it was He who gave

The ascended Christ sovereignly appointed servants for the building up of His church. These ministries come from Him rather than human ambition or ecclesiastical appointment.

Act 2:33 Exalted, then, to the right hand of God,…
Psa 68:18 You have ascended on high; You have led captives away.…
Jhn 3:35 The Father loves the Son and has placed all things…

some to be apostles,

Apostles, meaning “those sent out,” were commissioned witnesses of the risen Christ who laid the church’s foundation through their preaching, oversight, and authoritative teaching. The original apostles were chosen by Jesus, and Paul was later called as an apostle to the Gentiles.

Luk 6:13 When daylight came, He called His disciples to Him…
Mat 10:2 These are the names of the twelve apostles: first Simon…
Mrk 3:14 He appointed twelve of them, whom He designated as apostles…

some to be prophets,

New Testament prophets received and communicated revelation from God during the church’s formative period. Their messages strengthened believers, provided instruction, and at times gave warning or direction.

1Co 12:28 And in the church God has appointed first of all apostles…
Act 13:1 Now in the church at Antioch there were prophets…
Act 11:27-28 In those days some prophets came down from Jerusalem…

some to be evangelists,

Evangelists proclaimed the gospel beyond established congregations, calling people to repentance and faith in Christ. Their work advanced the spread of the church into new places.

2Ti 4:5 But you, be sober in all things, endure hardship…
Act 21:8 Leaving the next day, we went on to Caesarea…
Act 8:4-5 Those who had been scattered preached the word…

and some to be pastors and teachers,

Pastors care for, guide, and protect local congregations, while teachers instruct believers in sound doctrine and faithful obedience. Together these responsibilities nourish the church and prepare its members for service.

Act 20:28 Keep watch over yourselves and the entire flock…
1Pe 5:2 Be shepherds of God’s flock that is among you,…
1Ti 3:2 An overseer, then, must be above reproach,…

to equip the saints

God sets believers apart as His people and prepares them through the church’s gifted leaders. Their instruction and care help Christians grow in knowledge, obedience, discernment, and service.

Heb 13:21 equip you with every good thing to do His will.…
2Ti 3:17 that the man of God may be complete, fully equipped…
2Ti 2:21 So if anyone cleanses himself of what is unfit,…

for works of ministry

Every believer has a role in serving Christ and His people. Ministry includes proclaiming the gospel, teaching truth, meeting practical needs, encouraging others, and using spiritual gifts for the good of the church.

1Pe 4:10-11 As good stewards of the manifold grace of God,…
Rom 12:6-8 We have different gifts according to the grace given us.…
1Co 12:4-7 There are different gifts, but the same Spirit.…

and to build up the body of Christ,

As believers serve one another, the church grows in spiritual maturity, unity, and faithfulness. Christ is the head of His body, and each member contributes to its health and strength.

1Co 14:12 It is the same with you. Since you are eager…
1Co 12:27 Now you are the body of Christ, and each of you…
Col 2:19 He has lost connection to the head, from whom the body…

until we all reach unity in the faith

Christ’s purpose for the church is that believers, including Jews and Gentiles, stand together in the same saving faith and shared confession of the gospel.

Jhn 17:21-23 that all of them may be one, as You, Father, are in Me…
1Co 1:10 I appeal to you, brothers, in the name of our Lord…
Php 2:2 then make my joy complete by being like-minded,…

and in the knowledge of the Son of God,

This unity rests on a true, personal knowledge of Jesus Christ as God’s Son, Savior, and Lord.

Jhn 17:3 Now this is eternal life, that they may know You…
1Jn 5:20 And we know that the Son of God has come…
Php 3:8 More than that, I count all things as loss…

as we mature

Believers are to grow beyond spiritual instability into discernment, obedience, and Christlike character.

Col 1:28 We proclaim Him, admonishing and teaching everyone…
Heb 6:1 Therefore let us leave the elementary teachings…
Jas 1:4 Allow perseverance to finish its work, …

to the full measure of the stature of Christ.

The standard is Christ Himself. His people are being formed into His likeness, a work begun in this life and completed when He returns.

Col 2:9-10 For in Christ all the fullness of the Deity…
Gal 4:19 My children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth…
2Co 3:18 And we, who with unveiled faces all reflect the glory…

Then we will no longer be infants,

Believers are to grow beyond spiritual immaturity, gaining stability, discernment, and a settled understanding of Christ’s teaching.

1Co 3:1-2 Brothers, I could not address you as spiritual…
Heb 5:12-14 Although by this time you ought to be teachers,…

tossed about by the waves

Immaturity leaves people vulnerable to uncertainty and spiritual instability, like a boat helpless before rough seas.

Jas 1:6 But he must ask in faith, without doubting…
Jud 1:13 They are wild waves of the sea, foaming up their own shame;…

and carried around by every wind of teaching

The church faced changing claims and distorted messages that could draw believers away from the gospel and the truth revealed by God.

Heb 13:9 Do not be carried away by all kinds of strange teachings,…
2Ti 4:3-4 For the time will come when men will not tolerate…

and by the clever cunning of men

False teachers often used persuasive arguments and deliberate deception to gain influence.

2Co 11:3 I am afraid, however, that just as Eve was deceived…
Rom 16:18 For such people are not serving our Lord Christ…

in their deceitful scheming.

Such error was not harmless confusion but an organized effort to mislead God’s people from truth and faithfulness.

2Co 4:2 Instead, we have renounced secret and shameful ways.…
Pro 6:12-14 A worthless person, a wicked man, walks…

Instead, speaking the truth in love,

Paul sets truthful, loving speech against the false teaching and manipulation that threaten the church. Truth must be expressed with sincerity, integrity, and selfless, sacrificial care, serving the unity and spiritual welfare of fellow believers.

Zec 8:16 These are the things you must do: Speak truth to one another…
1Co 13:6 Love takes no pleasure in evil, but rejoices in the truth.
1Jn 3:18 Little children, let us love not in word and speech…

we will in all things grow up

Believers are not to remain spiritually immature but are to develop in every area of faith and conduct. This growth occurs as the church is instructed, strengthened, and protected from error.

1Pe 2:2 Like newborn babies, crave pure spiritual milk…
Heb 6:1 Therefore let us leave the elementary teachings…
2Pe 3:18 But grow in the grace and knowledge of our Lord and Savior…

into Christ Himself,

Christ is both the pattern and goal of Christian maturity. As believers grow in obedience, the church increasingly reflects His character and purpose.

Gal 4:19 My children, for whom I am again in the pains of childbirth…
Rom 8:29 For those God foreknew, He also predestined…
2Co 3:18 And we, who with unveiled faces all reflect the glory…

who is the head.

Christ holds supreme authority over the church, His body. He directs, sustains, and unites His people so that each member serves according to His will.

Col 1:18 And He is the head of the body, the church;…
Col 2:19 He has lost connection to the head, from whom the body…
Eph 1:22-23 And God put everything under His feet and made Him head…

From Him

Christ, the head of the Church, supplies life, direction, and unity to His people.

Rom 11:36 For from Him and through Him and to Him are all things.…
Jhn 15:5 I am the vine and you are the branches…
Col 1:17-18 He is before all things, and in Him all things…

the whole body,

All believers belong to one body under His authority.

Eph 1:22-23 And God put everything under His feet and made Him head…
1Co 12:12 The body is a unit, though it is composed of many parts…
Col 1:18 And He is the head of the body, the church;…

fitted and held together

Christ joins His people in an ordered unity despite their differing gifts and responsibilities.

Eph 2:21-22 In Him the whole building is fitted together…
Col 2:2 that they may be encouraged in heart, knit together in love,…
Psa 133:1 A song of ascents. Of David. Behold, how good…

by every supporting ligament,

Each member strengthens the body through faithful service to others.

Col 2:19 He has lost connection to the head, from whom the body…
1Co 12:21-22 The eye cannot say to the hand, “I do not need you.”…
Gal 6:2 Carry one another’s burdens, and in this way…

grows and builds itself up in love

The Church matures as believers serve, bear with one another, and remain grounded in Christ’s love.

1Co 8:1 Now about food sacrificed to idols: We know…
1Th 3:12 And may the Lord cause you to increase and overflow…
1Pe 2:5 you also, like living stones, are being built…

through the work of each individual part.

Every believer has a necessary role in the health and growth of the Church.

Rom 12:6-8 We have different gifts according to the grace given us.…
1Pe 4:10-11 As good stewards of the manifold grace of God,…
1Co 12:7 Now to each one the manifestation of the Spirit is given…

New Life in Christ

So I tell you this, and insist on it in the Lord,

Paul speaks with authority entrusted to him by Christ, giving more than personal counsel. He calls the Ephesian believers to make a decisive break with their former way of life.

1Th 4:1 Finally, brothers, we ask and encourage you…
1Th 4:2 For you know the instructions we gave you…
2Th 3:4 And we have confidence in the Lord that you…

that you must no longer walk as the Gentiles do,

In Ephesus, idolatry and immorality shaped much of Gentile society. Those who belonged to Christ were no longer to let the surrounding culture define their conduct.

1Th 4:5 not in lustful passion like the Gentiles…
1Pe 4:3 For you have spent enough time in the past…
Act 14:16 In past generations, He let all nations go their own way.

in the futility of their thinking.

Apart from God, human thought becomes empty and misdirected, producing values and actions separated from His truth. A changed life begins with a renewed mind and leads to holy conduct.

Rom 1:21 For although they knew God, they neither glorified Him…
Jer 2:5 This is what the LORD says: “What fault did your fathers…
Ecc 1:2 “Futility of futilities,” says the Teacher,…

They are darkened in their understanding

Sin clouds the mind and prevents people from rightly perceiving God, His will, and the moral reality He has established.

Rom 1:21 For although they knew God, they neither glorified Him…
2Co 4:4 The god of this age has blinded the minds of unbelievers,…
Isa 6:10 Make the hearts of this people calloused; deafen their ears…

and alienated from the life of God

This separation reflects humanity’s fallen condition, cut off from the fellowship and eternal life found in God.

Col 1:21 Once you were alienated from God and were hostile.…
Jhn 5:40 yet you refuse to come to Me to have life.
Rom 6:23 For the wages of sin is death, but the gift of God…

because of the ignorance that is in them

Their ignorance is not innocent but arises from refusing the truth God has made known.

Act 17:30 Although God overlooked the ignorance of earlier times,…
1Ti 1:13 I was formerly a blasphemer, a persecutor,…
1Pe 1:14 As obedient children, do not conform to the passions…

due to the hardness of their hearts.

Persistent resistance to God produces spiritual insensitivity, leaving people unwilling to turn from sin or receive His truth.

Mrk 3:5 Jesus looked around at them with anger and sorrow…
Rom 2:5 But because of your hard and unrepentant heart,…
Heb 3:13 But exhort one another daily, as long as it is called…

Having lost all sense of shame,

Having lost all sense of shame, the Gentile world Paul described had become hardened toward sin, no longer restrained by conscience or the fear of God. Ephesus, shaped by idolatry and the cult of Artemis, reflected a society separated from its Creator.

Jer 6:15 Are they ashamed of the abomination they have committed?……
Jer 8:12 Are they ashamed of the abomination they have…
1Ti 4:2 influenced by the hypocrisy of liars, whose consciences…

they have given themselves over to sensuality

Rather than resisting sinful desires, they willingly pursued unrestrained conduct, including sexual immorality.

Rom 13:13 Let us behave decently, as in the daytime,…
1Pe 4:3 For you have spent enough time in the past…
Jud 1:4 For certain men have crept in among you unnoticed—…

for the practice of every kind of impurity,

Their rebellion affected the whole pattern of life, corrupting worship, relationships, and conduct.

Rom 1:24 Therefore God gave them over to impurity…
Col 3:5 Put to death, therefore, the components…
1Th 4:7 For God has not called us to impurity, but to holiness.

with a craving for more.

Sin did not satisfy but produced deeper desire and greater bondage, in contrast to the new life of holiness found in Christ.

Hab 2:5 and wealth indeed betrays him. He is an arrogant man…
Ecc 5:10 He who loves money is never satisfied by money…
1Ti 6:9-10 Those who want to be rich, however, fall into temptation…

But this is not the way

Paul contrasts the former Gentile pattern of darkened thinking and moral hardness with the new life believers have received. Life in Christ cannot be shaped by ignorance of God or indifference to His commands.

Col 3:7 When you lived among them, you also used to walk…
Tit 3:3-5 For at one time we too were foolish, disobedient, misled…
1Pe 4:3 For you have spent enough time in the past…

you came to know

Believers had received Christ personally through the gospel, entering a relationship that changed their understanding, conduct, and allegiance.

1Jn 2:3 By this we can be sure that we have come to know Him…
Jhn 17:3 Now this is eternal life, that they may know You…
Php 3:10 I want to know Christ and the power of His resurrection…

Christ.

Jesus is the promised Messiah and Lord, whose saving work creates a new people united under God and called to live according to His character.

Col 2:6-7 Therefore, just as you have received Christ Jesus as Lord,…
Php 3:8 More than that, I count all things as loss…
2Co 5:17 Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation.…

Surely you heard of Him

The Ephesian believers had received the gospel of Jesus Christ through the apostolic witness and the ministry of those sent to proclaim Him. Hearing involved more than receiving information; it meant recognizing Christ as the crucified and risen Lord and accepting the salvation He provides.

1Th 2:13 when you received the word of God that you heard from us…
Col 1:5-6 the faith and love proceeding from the hope stored up…
Rom 10:17 Consequently, faith comes by hearing, and hearing…

and were taught in Him—

Their instruction continued as they learned to live under Christ’s authority within the church. Christian teaching shaped conduct as well as belief, directing believers away from their former pagan way of life and into obedience to Christ.

Col 2:6-7 Therefore, just as you have received Christ Jesus as Lord,…
Mat 11:29 Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me…
Jhn 6:45 It is written in the Prophets: ‘And they will all be taught……

in keeping with the truth that is in Jesus—

Jesus Himself is the standard and source of truth. His life, death, resurrection, and commands reveal God’s will and expose the deception of sin. Those united with Him are to be formed by that truth in righteousness and holiness.

1Jn 5:20 And we know that the Son of God has come…
Jhn 1:17 For the law was given through Moses; grace and truth……
Jhn 14:6 Jesus answered, “I am the way and the truth and the life.…

to put off your former way of life,

Believers are called to make a decisive break with the patterns that marked life before faith in Christ. In Ephesus, where idolatry and pagan immorality shaped public life, this required a visible change in conduct and allegiance.

Col 3:8 But now you must put aside anger, rage, malice…
1Pe 4:3 For you have spent enough time in the past…
Rom 13:12 The night is nearly over; the day has drawn near.…

your old self,

The old self is the fallen nature ruled by sin and alienated from God. United with Christ, believers are no longer to live according to that former identity but according to the new life He gives.

Col 3:9-10 Do not lie to one another, since you have taken off…
Rom 6:6 We know that our old self was crucified with Him…
Gal 5:24 Those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the flesh…

which is being corrupted

The old self follows a path of continuing moral ruin. Sin does not remain harmless or static; it corrupts thoughts, desires, relationships, and actions apart from God’s truth.

Gal 6:8 The one who sows to please his flesh, from the flesh…
2Pe 1:4 Through these He has given us His precious and…
Rom 8:21 that the creation itself will be set free……

by its deceitful desires;

Sinful desires promise freedom, pleasure, or fulfillment while concealing their destructive end. They draw people away from obedience to God and must be rejected as believers grow in the renewed life Christ has secured.

Jas 1:14-15 But each one is tempted when by his own evil desires…
Heb 3:13 But exhort one another daily, as long as it is called…
Tit 3:3 For at one time we too were foolish, disobedient, misled…

to be renewed

Believers are continually changed from former patterns of life as God works within them. Renewal is not merely outward reform but a lasting reorientation of character, desires, and conduct.

Tit 3:5 He saved us, not by the righteous deeds we had done…
2Co 4:16 Therefore we do not lose heart. Though our outer self is…
Col 3:10 put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge…

in the spirit

The work begins in the inner person, where attitudes, motives, and affections are formed. God’s Spirit produces a new disposition that turns the believer from self-centered living toward obedience to Him.

Rom 7:6 But now, having died to what bound us, we have been released…
Gal 5:25 Since we live by the Spirit, let us walk in step…
1Pe 3:4 the unfading beauty of a gentle and quiet spirit…

of your minds;

The mind must be reshaped by God’s truth so that thoughts, judgments, and decisions reflect His will. This inward renewal supports the new life described in the surrounding passage.

Rom 12:2 Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed…
Col 3:2 Set your minds on things above, not on earthly things.
Php 2:5 Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus:

and to put on the new self,

Believers are to lay aside the patterns of their former life and live according to the new life received through faith in Christ. Putting on the new self portrays a deliberate change of identity, conduct, and inward disposition.

Col 3:10 put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge…
Gal 3:27 For all of you who were baptized into Christ…
Rom 13:14 Instead, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ,…

created to be like God

The new self is God’s work, restoring believers to reflect the character for which humanity was originally created. Though sin marred God’s image in man, Christ renews His people according to God’s purpose.

Gen 1:26-27 Then God said, “Let Us make man in Our image,…
2Co 3:18 And we, who with unveiled faces all reflect the glory…
Rom 8:29 For those God foreknew, He also predestined…

in true righteousness and holiness.

This renewed life is marked by uprightness before God and separation from sin for His service. Righteousness and holiness are not outward appearances but the fruit of an inner renewal brought about by God.

Luk 1:75 in holiness and righteousness before Him…
1Th 2:10 You are witnesses, and so is God, of how holy, righteous…
1Th 4:7 For God has not called us to impurity, but to holiness.

Therefore each of you must put off falsehood

Believers are to abandon deceit as part of the old manner of life. Paul addresses the church as a covenant community whose unity depends on integrity before God and one another.

Col 3:9 Do not lie to one another, since you have taken off…
Lev 19:11 You must not steal. You must not lie or deceive one another.
Psa 34:13 Keep your tongue from evil and your lips…

and speak truthfully to his neighbor,

Truthful speech reflects the righteousness God requires and preserves trust among believers. Christians are to deal honestly with those around them, especially within the fellowship of the church.

Zec 8:16 These are the things you must do: Speak truth to one another…
Pro 12:17 He who speaks the truth declares what is right…
1Pe 3:10 Whoever would love life and see good days…

for we are all members of one another.

The church is one body in Christ, joined together under Him. Falsehood injures the whole body, while truth strengthens its unity and enables its members to serve one another faithfully.

Rom 12:5 so in Christ we who are many are one body,…
1Co 12:27 Now you are the body of Christ, and each of you…
1Co 12:25 so that there should be no division in the body,…

“Be angry, yet do not sin.”

Anger may arise in response to evil, injustice, or wrongdoing, as seen in Moses and Jesus, but it must remain under God’s control. It becomes sinful when it produces hatred, retaliation, harsh words, or resentment.

Psa 4:4 Be angry, yet do not sin; on your bed, search your heart…
Jas 1:19-20 My beloved brothers, understand this: Be quick to listen…
Psa 37:8 Refrain from anger and abandon wrath; do not fret…

Do not let the sun set upon your anger,

Anger must be dealt with promptly before it hardens into bitterness. The setting sun marked the close of the day, underscoring the need to seek reconciliation and restore peace without delay.

Mat 5:23-24 So if you are offering your gift at the altar…
Mat 5:25 Reconcile quickly with your adversary,…
Mrk 11:25 And when you stand to pray, if you hold anything…

and do not

Paul commands believers to reject attitudes and actions that open the way for sin, especially unresolved anger in the immediate context.

Rom 12:21 Do not be overcome by evil, but overcome evil with good.
1Th 5:22 Abstain from every form of evil.
Gal 5:16 So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not…

give

They are responsible not to yield any opportunity through disobedience, bitterness, deception, or other sinful conduct.

Rom 6:13 Do not present the parts of your body to sin…
Rom 13:14 Instead, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ,…

the devil

Satan is a real personal adversary who opposes God’s people and seeks to exploit sin and division within the church.

Jas 4:7 Submit yourselves, then, to God. Resist the devil,…
1Pe 5:8-9 Be sober-minded and alert. Your adversary the devil…
2Ti 2:26 Then they will come to their senses and escape…

a foothold.

Even a tolerated sin can become an area of influence, leading to deeper compromise and damage in a believer’s life and relationships.

2Co 2:11 in order that Satan should not outwit us.…
Luk 4:13 When the devil had finished every temptation,…

He who has been stealing must steal no longer,

Conversion requires a decisive break with former sinful practices. Theft, whether driven by greed, dishonesty, or hardship, violates God’s command and harms others.

Exo 20:15 You shall not steal.
Lev 19:11 You must not steal. You must not lie or deceive one another.
Rom 13:9 The commandments “Do not commit adultery,” “Do not murder,”…

but must work,

Honest labor provides a lawful means of meeting personal needs. Work was part of God’s design from the beginning and carries dignity when done faithfully.

2Th 3:10-12 For even while we were with you, we gave you this command:…
Pro 14:23 There is profit in all labor, but mere talk…
Pro 6:6-8 Walk in the manner of the ant, O slacker;…

doing good with his own hands,

Believers are to take personal responsibility and use their labor for what is useful and honorable. Paul modeled this through his own work to support himself.

1Th 4:11-12 and to aspire to live quietly, to attend to your own matters…
1Co 4:12 We work hard with our own hands. When we are vilified…
Act 20:34 You yourselves know that these hands of mine…

that he may have something to share with the one in need.

The goal extends beyond self-support. Honest work enables generosity toward those who lack basic necessities, reflecting love for others within the church and the wider community.

Luk 3:11 John replied, “Whoever has two tunics should share…
2Co 8:14 At the present time, your surplus will meet their need,…
Act 20:35 In everything, I showed you that by this kind of hard work…

Let no unwholesome talk come out of your mouths,

Believers in Ephesus lived among pagan worship, public immorality, and spiritual deception, yet were called to reflect the new life given in Christ. Corrupt speech includes words that defile, wound, deceive, stir anger, or promote sin.

Col 3:8 But now you must put aside anger, rage, malice…
Pro 4:24 Put away deception from your mouth; keep your lips…
Jas 3:10 Out of the same mouth come blessing and cursing.…

but only what is helpful for building up the one in need

Christian speech is to strengthen others according to their circumstances. Within the church, words of truth, encouragement, correction, and comfort help preserve unity and support those facing weakness, grief, temptation, or doubt.

1Th 5:11 Therefore encourage and build one another up…
Rom 15:2 Each of us should please his neighbor for his good…
1Th 5:14 And we urge you, brothers, to admonish the unruly…

and bringing grace to those who listen.

Words should communicate the kindness and truth God has shown to His people. In a city marked by religious rivalry and persuasive rhetoric, gracious speech distinguished believers as those whose lives were governed by Christ.

Col 4:6 Let your speech always be gracious, seasoned with salt…
Luk 4:22 All spoke well of Him and marveled at the gracious words…
Pro 16:24 Pleasant words are a honeycomb, sweet to the soul…

And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God,

The Holy Spirit is a divine person who is grieved by sin, falsehood, bitterness, and conduct that opposes God’s holiness. His work in believers includes producing spiritual growth, unity, purity, and love; persistent disobedience disrupts fellowship with God and resists that work.

Isa 63:10 But they rebelled and grieved His Holy Spirit.…
Heb 10:29 How much more severely do you think one deserves…
Act 5:3-4 Then Peter said, “Ananias, how is it that Satan has filled…

in whom you were sealed

God has marked believers as His own through the indwelling Holy Spirit. Like an ancient seal identifying ownership and securing what belonged to its owner, the Spirit’s presence confirms that salvation rests on God’s promise rather than human effort.

Eph 1:13 And in Him, having heard and believed the word of truth…
2Co 1:21-22 Now it is God who establishes both us and you in Christ.…
Rev 7:3-4 Do not harm the land or sea or trees until we have placed…

for the day of redemption.

The seal remains until the future completion of salvation, when Christ returns and believers are finally delivered from sin, death, and the corruption of the body. This certain future gives weight to the call for holy conduct in the present.

Eph 1:7 In Him we have redemption through His blood,…
Rom 8:23 Not only that, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits…
Luk 21:28 When these things begin to happen, stand up and lift up…

Get rid of all bitterness,

Bitterness is settled resentment that takes root when wrongs are rehearsed rather than forgiven. It hardens the heart, damages fellowship, and resists the grace God extends to His people.

Heb 12:15 See to it that no one falls short of the grace of God,…
Col 3:19 Husbands, love your wives and do not be harsh with them.
Act 8:23 For I see that you are poisoned by bitterness…

rage and anger,

Rage erupts in uncontrolled passion, while anger may remain and feed resentment. Both disrupt peace and can lead to words and actions that injure others.

Psa 37:8 Refrain from anger and abandon wrath; do not fret…
Jas 1:19-20 My beloved brothers, understand this: Be quick to listen…
Pro 15:18 A hot-tempered man stirs up strife, but…

outcry and slander,

Loud quarrels and malicious speech were destructive in the close life of the early Christian congregations. Public accusations, insults, and efforts to damage another person’s reputation undermine the unity Christ established among believers.

Tit 3:2 malign no one, and to be peaceable and gentle…
Jas 4:11 Brothers, do not slander one another…
Pro 10:18 The one who conceals hatred has lying lips…

along with every form of malice.

Malice includes every desire to harm, retaliate against, or take satisfaction in another’s loss. Such attitudes belong to the former way of life and must be put away as Christians live in the love and mercy shown by Christ.

1Pe 2:1 Rid yourselves, therefore, of all malice…
Col 3:8 But now you must put aside anger, rage, malice…
Tit 3:3 For at one time we too were foolish, disobedient, misled…

Be kind and tenderhearted to one another,

Believers are to treat one another with active goodwill and genuine compassion. In a society often shaped by status, retaliation, and self-interest, such conduct marked the church as a people changed by God’s mercy. Kindness and compassion reflect God’s character and govern relationships within the body of Christ.

1Pe 3:8 Finally, all of you, be like-minded and sympathetic,…
Col 3:12 Therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved…

forgiving each other

Christians are to release personal offenses rather than pursue resentment or revenge. Forgiveness does not deny wrongdoing, but it refuses to make repayment the condition for restored fellowship.

Col 3:13 Bear with one another and forgive any complaint…
Mat 6:14-15 For if you forgive men their trespasses,…
Mrk 11:25 And when you stand to pray, if you hold anything…

just as in Christ God forgave you.

God’s forgiveness came through Christ’s sacrificial death, by which sinners were reconciled to Him. Because believers, united with Christ, have received undeserved pardon through Him, they are to extend that same gracious forgiveness to others.

2Co 5:19 that God was reconciling the world to Himself in Christ,…
Col 1:14 in whom we have redemption, the forgiveness of sins.
Col 2:13 When you were dead in your trespasses, God made you alive…

This is a draft of the Berean Study Bible. Please send all comments and recommendations to bereanstudybible@aol.com.



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