Berean Study Bible The LORD Judges the NationsJoel points to God’s appointed season of intervention, following the promised outpouring of the Spirit on all flesh. The coming Day of the Lord will bring both judgment upon rebellious nations and salvation for those who call on the Lord. God’s purposes unfold according to His sovereign timing, moving history toward the vindication of His name and the redemption of His people. Jer 50:4-5 “In those days and at that time, declares the LORD,”… when I restore Judah and Jerusalem from captivity, The Lord promises to gather His covenant people after exile and restore them to the land He gave to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. The return from Babylon under Cyrus foreshadowed this restoration, yet Joel’s prophecy reaches beyond that historical return to a fuller future renewal of Judah and Jerusalem. God will not abandon His people or forget His covenant; He will restore what sin, judgment, and enemy oppression had devastated. Jer 30:3 For behold, the days are coming, declares the LORD… I will gather all the nations God will sovereignly summon the nations for His appointed purpose. History does not move beyond His rule; rulers, armies, and international powers remain accountable to Him. The gathering anticipates the climactic judgment of the nations also portrayed in Zechariah 14:2 and Revelation 16:14–16. Isa 66:18 “And I, knowing their deeds and thoughts,… and bring them down to the Valley of Jehoshaphat. The name Jehoshaphat means “Yahweh judges,” making the valley an appropriate setting for the Lord’s judicial intervention. Whether Joel identifies a particular valley near Jerusalem or employs a prophetic name for the place of judgment, Jerusalem stands at the center of God’s dealings with Israel and the nations. Joel later returns to this scene in Joel 3:12. 2Ch 20:15-17 And he said, “Listen, all you people of Judah and Jerusalem!… There I will enter into judgment against them The Lord Himself will judge the nations according to their deeds. Their power, wealth, and military strength will not shield them when He calls them to account. God’s judgment answers the violence, pride, and hostility directed against His covenant people, fulfilling the principle announced to Abraham: those who curse his descendants will answer to God (Genesis 12:3). Ezk 38:22 I will execute judgment upon him with plague and bloodshed.… concerning My people, My inheritance, Israel, Israel remains God’s people and His inheritance because of His covenant promises. Though Israel experienced discipline for sin, exile did not cancel God’s election or surrender His claim upon the nation. The language recalls Israel’s calling as God’s treasured possession among the peoples (Exodus 19:5–6; Deuteronomy 7:6). 1Ki 8:51-53 For they are Your people and Your inheritance;… whom they have scattered among the nations Israel’s scattering came through conquest, exile, and dispersion, including the Assyrian and Babylonian captivities. God used those judgments to discipline His people, yet the nations that acted with cruelty and contempt remained morally responsible for their actions. The same God who permitted the scattering promises restoration and regathering. Ezk 36:19 I dispersed them among the nations, and they were scattered… as they divided up My land. The land belongs ultimately to the Lord, who gave it to Israel as an inheritance under His covenant. Nations that treated the land as spoil of war acted against God’s purposes and against His ownership. The coming judgment will vindicate both His people and His holy claim over the land. Ezk 36:5 Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says:… They cast lots for My people; The nations treated the people belonging to the Lord as plunder, distributing captives by lot as though human lives were possessions to be divided. Their cruelty was intensified by the fact that Israel and Judah were God’s covenant people, whom He had disciplined but had not abandoned. Oba 1:11 On the day you stood aloof while strangers carried off… they bartered a boy for a prostitute A captive boy was exchanged for the price of sexual immorality, revealing contempt for both human dignity and God’s moral order. The transaction portrays conquerors wasting lives for immediate sinful pleasure. Exo 21:16 Whoever kidnaps another man must be put to death,… and sold a girl for wine to drink. A young girl was sold merely to obtain wine for a feast or drunken indulgence. The nations valued momentary appetite above the life of a vulnerable child, provoking the Lord’s judgment against those who exploited His people. Amo 2:8 They lie down beside every altar on garments taken in pledge… Now what do you have against Me, O Tyre, Sidon, and all the regions of Philistia? Tyre and Sidon were wealthy Phoenician trading centers north of Israel, while Philistia occupied the coastal plain to Judah’s west. Though these peoples had long interacted with Israel, they repeatedly joined hostile powers, raided Judah, and benefited from Israel’s suffering. Their aggression toward Judah was not merely political; it was rebellion against the God who had bound Himself to His covenant people. The Lord’s question exposes the groundlessness of their hatred and reminds the nations that He takes personally what is done against His people. Zec 9:2-7 and also against Hamath, which borders it,… Are you rendering against Me a recompense? No injury from the Lord justified their violence. Rather than acting as instruments of righteous correction, these nations had acted from greed, contempt, and longstanding enmity. They treated Judah’s calamity as an opportunity for profit, taking precious treasures and participating in the sale of Jewish captives. Deu 32:35 Vengeance is Mine; I will repay. In due time… If you retaliate against Me, Resistance to the Lord cannot succeed. Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia may have considered themselves secure because of commerce, fortified cities, naval strength, or alliances, yet none of these could shield them from God’s judgment. Those who curse the seed of Abraham place themselves under the warning of Genesis 12:3. Deu 32:41-43 When I sharpen My flashing sword, and My hand grasps it… I will swiftly and speedily return your recompense upon your heads. The judgment would fit their deeds and come with divine certainty. What they had inflicted on Judah would return upon them: loss, humiliation, and captivity. God’s judgment upon these nations demonstrated that He had not abandoned His people and that He rules over every nation, holding all peoples accountable for their treatment of His covenant purposes. Ezk 22:31 So I have poured out My indignation upon them… For you took My silver and gold The wealth plundered from Judah belonged ultimately to the Lord, especially the silver and gold dedicated for His worship and the service of His house. Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia treated what was consecrated to God as spoil of war, dishonoring both His people and His name. 2Ki 16:8 Ahaz also took the silver and gold found in the house… and carried off My finest treasures Sacred vessels and valuable possessions represented Israel’s covenant worship and identity. Babylon later removed temple treasures to its own land (2 Kings 24:13; Daniel 1:1–2), illustrating the same contempt for what God had set apart. The Lord remembered every act of violence and sacrilege against His inheritance. 2Ki 24:13 As the LORD had declared, Nebuchadnezzar also carried off… to your temples. Pagan sanctuaries received objects stolen from the worship of the living God, as though false gods had triumphed over Him. The Lord would judge that arrogance and vindicate His holiness. The desecration of what belonged to God anticipates the world’s rejection of Christ, the true temple, yet His death and resurrection revealed that no human power can overthrow God’s purpose. 2Ch 36:7 Nebuchadnezzar also took to Babylon some of the articles… You sold the people of Judah and Jerusalem Tyre, Sidon, and Philistia had treated God’s covenant people as commercial property, profiting from their calamity. Their actions compounded the violence of invading powers by participating in the dispersal of Judah’s people. The Lord had redeemed Israel from slavery in Egypt and given them the land as an inheritance; selling them into bondage displayed contempt not only for Judah but also for the God who claimed them as His own. Psa 44:12 You sell Your people for nothing; no profit do You gain… to the Greeks, The Greeks, identified with the Ionians, were active in Mediterranean trade and represented a distant market for enslaved captives. Judah’s people were not merely displaced to neighboring lands but sold beyond the familiar boundaries of the ancient Near East. The trade revealed the breadth of the nations’ exploitation and their willingness to sever families from their people, worship, and inheritance. Zec 9:13 For I will bend Judah as My bow and fit it with Ephraim.… to send them far from their homeland. Removal from the land struck at the heart of Israel’s covenant life, since the land was God’s promised gift to Abraham’s descendants. The nations intended to make restoration impossible by scattering Judah’s people far away. Yet the same context that announces judgment on these oppressors also promises that the Lord will gather His people and vindicate His holy name. Deu 28:64 Then the LORD will scatter you among all the nations,… Behold, I will rouse them from the places to which you sold them; The Lord announces His direct intervention on behalf of Judah and Jerusalem. Tyre, Sidon, and the Philistine cities had treated God’s people as merchandise, selling Judean captives to the Greeks and removing them far from their homeland. Yet distance, slavery, and human oppression cannot place God’s covenant people beyond His reach. As He delivered Israel from Egypt, He would gather those scattered by violence and restore what their enemies sought to destroy. The promise also anticipates the Lord’s final gathering and vindication of His people from among the nations. Deu 30:3 He will restore you from captivity and have compassion… I will return your recompense upon your heads. God would repay the nations according to their treatment of His people. Their trafficking in captives, seizure of Jerusalem’s wealth, and contempt for the Lord would not escape His judgment. The punishment would fall personally and directly upon those responsible, reversing their apparent gain and exposing the certainty of divine justice. Joel later describes their own children being sold into distant lands, demonstrating that the Lord judges evil with perfect righteousness and defends the cause of those who belong to Him. Ezk 9:10 But as for Me, I will not look on them with pity,… I will sell your sons and daughters into the hands of the people of Judah, The nations that trafficked Judah’s sons and daughters would receive the judgment they had inflicted. God would reverse their apparent triumph and place them under the authority of the people they had despised. Judah’s restoration would display the Lord’s faithfulness to His covenant people and His righteous repayment of those who exploited them. Deu 28:32 Your sons and daughters will be given to another nation… and they will sell them to the Sabeans—to a distant nation.” The Sabeans, associated with the region of southern Arabia, represented a faraway people beyond Judah’s immediate borders. Their involvement portrays complete defeat, removal, and humiliation for Judah’s enemies. Those who had treated God’s people as merchandise would themselves be carried far from their land and power. The judgment accords with the enduring principle that the violence done to others returns upon the guilty (Obadiah 1:15). Isa 45:14 This is what the LORD says: “The products of Egypt… Indeed, the LORD has spoken. The Lord’s declaration guarantees the certainty of the judgment. No nation’s wealth, distance, military strength, or political influence can overturn His verdict. God’s word will accomplish His purpose, vindicating His people and demonstrating His sovereign rule over every nation. Ezk 24:14 I, the LORD, have spoken; the time is coming… Proclaim this among the nations: God summons the Gentile powers that have opposed His people to hear His decree. The nations are not beyond His rule; He calls them to account for their actions and gathers them for judgment in the Valley of Jehoshaphat (Joel 3:2, 12). Jer 50:2 Announce and declare to the nations; lift up a banner… “Prepare for war; The command ironically directs the nations to make their fullest military preparations, though no army can resist the Lord’s appointed judgment. Joel 3:10 describes their conversion of farming tools into weapons, reversing the peace promised under Messiah’s reign (Isaiah 2:4). Jer 51:27 Raise a banner in the land! Blow the ram’s horn… rouse the mighty men; Seasoned warriors are summoned from every nation. Human strength, courage, and military skill will be assembled, yet they will serve God’s purpose without escaping His verdict. Isa 13:3 I have commanded My sanctified ones;… let all the men of war advance and attack! The hostile nations advance as though they can determine the outcome, but their march leads them into the place where the Lord judges them. The gathering anticipates the final rebellion of the nations against God, culminating in their certain defeat under His sovereign hand. Num 31:3 So Moses told the people, “Arm some of your men for war,… Beat your plowshares into swords The nations are summoned for the Lord’s judgment in the Valley of Jehoshaphat. The peaceful image of Isaiah 2:4 and Micah 4:3 is deliberately reversed: instead of war ending under the Messiah’s righteous reign, the nations prepare for war against God’s purposes. Agricultural implements, essential for daily life, are turned into weapons, portraying total mobilization for a conflict they cannot win. Isa 2:4 Then He will judge between the nations and arbitrate… and your pruning hooks into spears. Every available resource is redirected toward battle. Vineyards and fields could not be neglected without cost in an agrarian society, yet the coming confrontation is presented as urgent and universal. The nations gather in defiance, but their preparations only fulfill God’s appointed judgment. 2Ch 11:12 He also put shields and spears in all the cities… Let the weak say, ‘I am strong!’ Even the feeble are called to arm themselves and enter the conflict. Human strength, numbers, and weaponry will not protect those who oppose the Lord. The command exposes the futility of rebellion against God while anticipating the day when He will decisively vindicate His people and establish His rule. Heb 11:34 quenched the raging fire, and escaped the edge of the sword… Come quickly, all you surrounding nations, and gather yourselves. The Lord summons the hostile nations to the Valley of Jehoshaphat, where He will judge those who scattered Israel, divided His land, and mistreated His people. Their military gathering, intended for conflict, becomes the appointed setting of their accountability before the God of Israel. The scene anticipates the final gathering of rebellious nations against Jerusalem described in Ezekiel 38–39, Zechariah 14, and Revelation 16:14–16. Isa 43:9 All the nations gather together and the peoples assemble.… Bring down Your mighty ones, O LORD. Joel calls upon the Lord to dispatch His heavenly warriors into the conflict. God’s angelic hosts carry out His commands and display His sovereign power over every earthly army. The judgment of the nations will not depend on Israel’s military strength but on the Lord, the divine Warrior who defends His covenant purposes and reigns over all peoples. Isa 13:3 I have commanded My sanctified ones;… Let the nations be roused God summons the Gentile powers from their rebellion and gathers them according to His sovereign purpose. Their military preparations cannot alter the outcome; the nations move toward the judgment God has appointed. Zec 14:2 I will gather all the nations for battle against Jerusalem,… and advance to the Valley of Jehoshaphat, The valley’s name, “Yahweh judges,” identifies it as the place where the Lord will publicly vindicate His holiness and His people. Associated with Jerusalem, it recalls God’s deliverance in the days of King Jehoshaphat, when Judah learned that the battle belonged to the Lord. 2Ch 20:15-17 And he said, “Listen, all you people of Judah and Jerusalem!… for there I will sit down to judge The Lord Himself will preside as Judge, not through a human court or uncertain earthly power. His judgment will reveal the full guilt of those who oppressed His people, divided His land, and treated His inheritance with contempt. Dan 7:9-10 As I continued to watch, thrones were set in place,… all the nations on every side. No nation will stand beyond God’s authority or escape His scrutiny. The gathering anticipates the final reckoning of the nations and the establishment of the Lord’s righteous rule from Zion. Jer 25:31-33 The tumult will resound to the ends of the earth… Swing the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. The nations gathered in the Valley of Jehoshaphat have reached the appointed hour of judgment. Their rebellion, violence, idolatry, and hostility toward God’s people have come to full maturity. Jesus used harvest imagery for the separation of the righteous and wicked at the end of the age (Matthew 13:39–43), and Revelation portrays angels reaping the earth at God’s command (Revelation 14:15–16). Rev 14:15 Then another angel came out of the temple,… Come, trample the grapes, for the winepress is full; The harvest image shifts from grain to grapes, emphasizing not preservation but wrath. Grapes pressed beneath the feet depict the crushing judgment of God against unrepentant nations. Isaiah described the Lord trampling the winepress alone, with the garments of the divine Warrior stained by judgment (Isaiah 63:1–6). Revelation applies the same image to Christ’s final victory over His enemies (Revelation 19:15). Rev 14:18-20 Still another angel, with authority over the fire,… the wine vats overflow because their wickedness is great. The overflowing vats portray sin accumulated beyond measure before the righteous Judge. God’s patience does not overlook evil forever; He judges at the time He has determined, as He did with the Amorites when their iniquity became complete (Genesis 15:16). Joel’s warning establishes that divine judgment is neither impulsive nor unjust, but the holy response of God to persistent and abundant wickedness. Gen 6:5 Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man… Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision! Nations from every direction stand assembled before the Lord for judgment. The Valley of Jehoshaphat, meaning “the LORD judges,” portrays the appointed place where God summons the hostile powers that have opposed His people and defied His rule. The repeated cry of “multitudes” conveys the immense scale of this gathering and the certainty that no nation or person escapes divine accountability. Human armies may come with confidence in their strength, but they arrive only because the sovereign God has brought them to the place of His judgment. Revelation likewise portrays the nations gathered for their final rebellion before Christ decisively defeats them. Zec 14:2-3 I will gather all the nations for battle against Jerusalem,… For the Day of the LORD is near in the valley of decision. The Day of the LORD brings God’s holy intervention against evil and His vindication of those who belong to Him. “Decision” points chiefly to the judgment God renders, not to an uncertain choice left in human hands. The day is near because God’s sentence is fixed and His purposes move steadily toward fulfillment. Joel’s warning calls every generation to humility and repentance, for the Judge of all the earth will establish righteousness and bring every work into account. Oba 1:15 For the Day of the LORD is near for all the nations.… The sun and moon will grow dark, Joel portrays the Day of the Lord as a real intervention by the Creator who governs the heavens and the earth. The darkening of the lights appointed to rule the day and night recalls the reversal of creation’s order and announces judgment upon rebellious nations gathered against Jerusalem. Isaiah 13:10 and Ezekiel 32:7 use similar imagery for divine judgment, while Jesus connected cosmic signs with His visible return in Matthew 24:29. Mat 24:29 Immediately after the tribulation of those days:… and the stars will no longer shine. The heavens themselves will bear witness to the Lord’s righteous rule when human power, military strength, and false worship are brought low. The loss of celestial light signals the end of the present order under sin and prepares for the Lord’s reign, when He dwells with His people and brings lasting restoration to Zion. Isa 13:10 For the stars of heaven and their constellations… The LORD will roar from Zion Zion, identified with Jerusalem and the place of God’s dwelling among His people, becomes the source of His judgment. Like a lion’s roar, the Lord’s voice announces irresistible power against the nations gathered in rebellion. Amo 1:2 He said: “The LORD roars from Zion and raises His voice… and raise His voice from Jerusalem; Jerusalem stands at the center of God’s covenant purposes and will be the earthly focal point of His righteous reign. The Lord’s intervention proceeds from the city He chose for His name and His king. Isa 2:3 And many peoples will come and say: “Come, let us go up… heaven and earth will tremble. The coming judgment will shake all creation, revealing that no earthly power can withstand the Creator. Such cosmic trembling accompanies the Day of the LORD and points to His direct, visible rule over the nations. Hag 2:6 For this is what the LORD of Hosts says: “Once more… But the LORD will be a refuge for His people, Judgment for God’s enemies is deliverance for those who belong to Him. The same Lord whose voice terrifies the rebellious provides safety for His covenant people. Psa 46:1 For the choirmaster. Of the sons of Korah.… a stronghold for the people of Israel. Israel’s security will not rest in armies, alliances, or fortified cities, but in the Lord Himself. His preservation of Israel fulfills His covenant faithfulness and anticipates the peace of His kingdom. Psa 18:2 The LORD is my rock, my fortress, and my deliverer.…
Blessings for God’s PeopleGod’s deliverance of Judah and judgment of the gathered nations will openly establish His sovereign faithfulness to His covenant people. Israel will recognize the LORD not merely through confession, but through His decisive intervention in history, fulfilling the promise that He would take them as His own people (Exodus 6:7). Exo 29:46 And they will know that I am the LORD their God,… who dwells in Zion, My holy mountain. Zion, the hill of Jerusalem where the temple stood, is presented as the earthly center of God’s kingly rule. The Lord’s dwelling among His people answers the devastation described earlier in Joel and anticipates the reign of the Messiah from Jerusalem, when the nations will come to worship the King (Isaiah 2:2–4; Zechariah 14:16). Psa 9:11 Sing praises to the LORD, who dwells in Zion;… Jerusalem will be holy, Jerusalem will be set apart for God’s worship, rule, and righteousness. The city that endured invasion, idolatry, and exile will be purified under God’s presence, in harmony with the promised renewal in which even ordinary life in Jerusalem will be consecrated to the LORD (Zechariah 14:20–21). Isa 4:3 Whoever remains in Zion and whoever is left…… never again to be overrun by foreigners. Foreign armies had repeatedly entered Jerusalem as instruments of judgment, culminating in Babylon’s destruction of the city and temple. God promises a future security in which hostile nations will no longer trample His holy city, because He Himself will defend and dwell among His restored people. Isa 52:1 Awake, awake, clothe yourself with strength, O Zion!… And in that day God’s judgment of the nations will be followed by the restoration of Judah and Jerusalem. The day of the LORD will display both His righteous wrath against evil and His covenant faithfulness toward His people. Isa 4:2 On that day the Branch of the LORD will be beautiful… the mountains will drip with sweet wine, Agricultural abundance will replace devastation. Vine-covered hills, once vulnerable to drought and invasion, will yield wine in such plenty that the land appears to overflow with celebration and blessing. Amo 9:13 “Behold, the days are coming,” declares the LORD,… and the hills will flow with milk. Fertile pastures and thriving herds will testify to the Lord’s provision. The promise recalls the land flowing with milk and honey, confirming that God will restore His people to secure and fruitful possession of the inheritance He gave them. Exo 3:8 I have come down to rescue them from the hand of Egyptians… All the streams of Judah will run with water, Judah’s normally seasonal wadis will be supplied with life-giving water. The renewal of the land reflects the wider renewal God brings after cleansing His people and dwelling in Zion. Isa 30:25 And from every high mountain and every raised hill,… and a spring will flow from the house of the LORD The source of blessing will be the Lord’s own dwelling place. Ezekiel saw waters flowing from the future temple to heal the land, and Revelation portrays the river of life proceeding from God’s throne. God’s presence brings cleansing, fruitfulness, and life wherever He reigns. Ezk 47:1-12 Then the man brought me back to the entrance of the temple,… to water the Valley of Acacias. The dry region associated with Shittim will receive water from the temple spring, showing that no barren place lies beyond the reach of God’s restoring power. The valley’s transformation completes the picture of a renewed Judah under the Lord’s blessing. Psa 107:35 He turns a desert into pools of water… Egypt will become desolate, Egypt’s long history of power, wealth, and military influence would not shield it from the Lord’s judgment. The nation that had once enslaved Israel and later proved an unreliable source of help for Judah would be brought low, demonstrating that no earthly kingdom stands beyond God’s rule. Ezk 29:9-12 The land of Egypt will become a desolate wasteland.… and Edom a desert wasteland, Edom, descended from Esau, repeatedly treated Judah with hostility and rejoiced over Jerusalem’s distress. Its devastation fulfills the warnings found in Obadiah, Isaiah 34, and Ezekiel 35. The Lord judges Edom for turning against its brother nation when Judah was vulnerable. Isa 34:5-10 When My sword has drunk its fill in the heavens,… because of the violence done to the people of Judah, God does not overlook violence against His covenant people. Egypt and Edom were accountable not only for political opposition but for acts of cruelty committed against Judah. Their treatment of God’s people revealed their defiance of the God who had chosen Zion as the place of His name. Oba 1:10-14 Because of the violence against your brother Jacob,… in whose land they shed innocent blood. Bloodshed in Judah defiled the land God had given to His people. Innocent blood cries out to the righteous Judge, as Abel’s blood cried out from the ground. The coming judgment assures Judah that the Lord sees every injustice and will vindicate those who belong to Him. 2Ki 21:16 Moreover, Manasseh shed so much innocent blood… But Judah will be inhabited forever, Judah’s future security rests on the Lord’s covenant faithfulness, not on its military strength or political stability. After the judgment of the nations, the land once ravaged by invading armies will be restored as the dwelling place of God’s people. God’s promise to David of an enduring kingdom finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, David’s greater Son, whose reign will never end. Amo 9:15 I will firmly plant them in their own land… and Jerusalem from generation to generation. Jerusalem, the city of David and the former site of the temple, will remain central in God’s revealed purposes for Israel. Joel looks beyond the city’s repeated sieges, destruction, and exile to a future in which Jerusalem is no longer vulnerable to hostile nations. Prophets such as Isaiah and Zechariah likewise foresee Jerusalem as a place of peace, worship, and the Lord’s presence. Its enduring significance anticipates the final dwelling of God with His redeemed people in the New Jerusalem. Isa 60:15 Whereas you have been forsaken and despised… For I will avenge their blood, The LORD promises to vindicate His people and to judge those who have shed innocent blood. Their suffering has not escaped His notice, and the nations that oppressed Judah will answer to the righteous Judge. God’s covenant faithfulness includes both mercy toward His people and judgment upon unrepentant evil. Deu 32:43 Rejoice, O heavens, with Him, and let all God's angels… which I have not yet avenged.” The apparent delay of judgment does not mean that God has overlooked injustice. He gives time for repentance, yet He will not leave guilt unanswered. The promised reckoning anticipates the final judgment, when every wrong will be brought into the light and God’s holiness will be fully displayed. Num 35:33-34 Do not pollute the land where you live, … For the LORD dwells in Zion. Zion is the chosen place of God’s presence among His covenant people, centered in Jerusalem and its temple. The Lord’s dwelling assures Judah that He remains their protector and King. The promise also reaches beyond Joel’s immediate setting toward the day when God will reign openly among His redeemed people, fulfilled ultimately through Christ, Immanuel, and completed in the New Jerusalem. Psa 9:11 Sing praises to the LORD, who dwells in Zion;… This is a draft of the Berean Study Bible. 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