4190. ponéros
Strong's Lexicon
ponéros: Evil, wicked, bad, malicious

Original Word: πονηρός
Part of Speech: Adjective
Transliteration: ponéros
Pronunciation: po-nay-ROS
Phonetic Spelling: (pon-ay-ros')
Definition: Evil, wicked, bad, malicious
Meaning: evil, bad, wicked, malicious, slothful.

Word Origin: Derived from a derivative of the base of πονέω (poneō), meaning "to toil" or "to work hard," often with the connotation of pain or trouble.

Corresponding Greek / Hebrew Entries: - H7451 (רַע, ra): Often translated as "evil" or "wicked," used to describe actions or intentions that are morally wrong or harmful.

- H7489 (רָעַע, ra'a): A verb meaning "to be evil" or "to do wickedly."

Usage: The Greek word "ponéros" is used in the New Testament to describe that which is morally or ethically evil, wicked, or malicious. It often refers to actions, thoughts, or individuals that are contrary to God's nature and commands. The term can also denote the influence of evil, such as the evil one (Satan) or evil spirits.

Cultural and Historical Background: In the Greco-Roman world, the concept of "evil" was often associated with chaos, disorder, and actions that disrupted societal harmony. In the Jewish context, "ponéros" aligns with the Hebrew understanding of evil as anything that opposes God's will and righteousness. The New Testament writers, influenced by both Jewish and Hellenistic thought, used "ponéros" to describe the pervasive nature of sin and the spiritual battle between good and evil.

HELPS Word-studies

4190 ponērós (an adjective which is also used substantively, derived from 4192 /pónos, "pain, laborious trouble") – properly, pain-ridden, emphasizing the inevitable agonies (misery) that always go with evil.

NAS Exhaustive Concordance
Word Origin
from poneó (to toil)
Definition
toilsome, bad
NASB Translation
bad (5), crimes (1), envious (1), envy* (1), evil (50), evil one (5), evil things (1), malignant (1), more evil (1), more wicked (1), vicious (1), wicked (6), wicked man (1), wicked things (1), worthless (1).

Thayer's Greek Lexicon
STRONGS NT 4190: πονηρός

πονηρός (on the accent cf. Lob. ad Phryn., p. 3 Göttling, Lehre v., Accent, p. 304f; (Chandler §§ 404, 405); Lipsius, Grammat. Untersuch., p. 26), πονηρά, πονηρόν; comparitive πονηρότερος (Matthew 12:45; Luke 11:26); (πονέω, πόνος); from Hesiod (Homer (ep. 15, 20), Theog.) down; the Sept. often for רַע ;

1. full of labors, annoyances, hardships;

a. pressed and harassed by labors; thus Hercules is called πονηροτατος καί ἄριστος, Hesiod fragment 43, 5.

b. bringing toils, annoyances, perils: (καιρός, Sir. 51:12); ἡμέρα πονηρά, of a time full of peril to Christian faith and steadfastness, Ephesians 5:16; Ephesians 6:13 (so in the plural ἡμέραι πονηραί the Epistle of Barnabas 2, 1 [ET]); causing pain and trouble (A. V. grievous), ἕλκος, Revelation 16:2.

2. bad, of a bad nature or condition;

a. in a physical sense: ὀφθαλμός, diseased or blind, Matthew 6:23; Luke 11:34 (πονηρία ὀφθαλμῶν, Plato, Hipp., min., p. 374 d.; the Greeks use πονηρῶς ἔχειν or διακεῖσθαι of the sick; ἐκ γενετῆς πονηρούς ὑγιεῖς πεποιηκέναι, Justin Martyr, Apology 1, 22 ((cf. Otto's note); others take πονηρός in Matthew and Luke as above ethically; cf.

b. and Meyer on Matt.)); καρπός, Matthew 7:17f.

b. in an ethical sense, evil, wicked, bad, etc. ("this use of the word is due to its association with the working (largely the servile) class; not that contempt for labor is thereby expressed, for such words as ἐργάτης, δραστηρ, and the like, do not take on this evil sense, which connected itself only with a word expressive of unintermitted toil and carrying no suggestion of results" (cf. Schmidt, chapter 85, § 1); see κακία, at the end); of persons: Matthew 7:11; Matthew 12:34; Matthew 18:32; Matthew 25:26; Luke 6:45; Luke 11:13; Luke 19:22; Acts 17:5; 2 Thessalonians 3:2; 2 Timothy 3:13; γενεά πονηρά, Matthew 12:39, 45; Matthew 16:4; Luke 11:29; πνεῦμα πονηρόν, an evil spirit (see πνεῦμα, 3 c.), Matthew 12:45; Luke 7:21; Luke 8:2; Luke 11:26; Acts 19:12f, 15f; substantively οἱ πονηροί, the wicked, bad men, opposed to οἱ δίκαιοι, Matthew 13:49; πονηροί καί ἀγαθοί, Matthew 5:45; Matthew 22:10; ἀχάριστοι καί πονηροί, Luke 6:35; τόν πονηρόν, the wicked man, i. e. the evil-doer spoken of, 1 Corinthians 5:13; τῷ πονηρῷ, the evil man, who injures you, Matthew 5:39. πονηρός is used pre-eminently of the devil, the evil one: Matthew 5:37; Matthew 6:13; Matthew 13:19, 38; Luke 11:4 R L; John 17:15; 1 John 2:13; 1 John 3:12; 1 John 5:18f (on which see κεῖμαι, 2{c}); Ephesians 6:16. of things: αἰών, Galatians 1:4; ὄνομα (which see 1, p. 447a bottom), Luke 6:22; ῤᾳδιούργημα, Acts 18:14; the heart as a storehouse out of which a man brings forth πονηρά words is called θησαυρός πονηρός, Matthew 12:35; Luke 6:45; συνείδησις πονηρά, a soul conscious of wickedness (conscious wickedness; see συνείδησις, b. sub at the end), Hebrews 10:22; καρδία πονηρά ἀπιστίας, an evil heart such as is revealed in distrusting (cf. Buttmann, § 132, 24; Winer's Grammar, § 30, 4), Hebrews 3:12; ὀφθαλμός (which see), Matthew 20:15; Mark 7:22; διαλογισμοί, Matthew 15:19; James 2:4; ὑπόνοιαι, 1 Timothy 6:4; καύχησις; James 4:16; ῤῆμα, a reproach, Matthew 5:11 (R G; others omit ῤῆμα); λόγοι, 3 John 1:10; ἔργα, John 3:19; John 7:7; 1 John 3:12; 2 John 1:11; Colossians 1:21; ἔργον (according to the context) wrong committed against me, 2 Timothy 4:18; αἰτία, charge of crime, Acts 25:18 L T Tr marginal reading WH marginal reading The neuter πονηρόν, and τό πονηρόν, substantively, evil, that which is wicked: εἶδος πονηροῦ (see εἶδος, 2; (others take πονηροῦ here as an adjective, and bring the example under εἶδος, 1 (R. V. marginal reading appearance of evil))), 1 Thessalonians 5:22; 2 Thessalonians 3:3 (where τοῦ πονηροῦ is held by many to be the genitive of the masculine πονηρός, but cf. Lünemann ad loc.); (τί πονηρόν, Acts 28:21); opposed to τό ἀγαθόν, Luke 6:45; Romans 12:9; plural (Winer's Grammar, § 34, 2), Matthew 9:4; Luke 3:19; wicked deeds, Acts 25:18 Tr text WH text; ταῦτα τά πονηρά, these evil things i. e. the vices just enumerated, Mark 7:23.

Strong's Exhaustive Concordance
evil, grievous

From a derivative of ponos; hurtful, i.e. Evil (properly, in effect or influence, and thus differing from kakos, which refers rather to essential character, as well as from sapros, which indicates degeneracy from original virtue); figuratively, calamitous; also (passively) ill, i.e. Diseased; but especially (morally) culpable, i.e. Derelict, vicious, facinorous; neuter (singular) mischief, malice, or (plural) guilt; masculine (singular) the devil, or (plural) sinners -- bad, evil, grievous, harm, lewd, malicious, wicked(-ness). See also poneroteros.

see GREEK ponos

see GREEK kakos

see GREEK sapros

see GREEK poneroteros

Forms and Transliterations
πονηρα πονηρά πονηρὰ πονηρᾷ πονηραι πονηραί πονηραίς πονηράν πονηρας πονηράς πονηρᾶς πονηρε πονηρέ Πονηρὲ πονηροι πονηροί πονηροὶ πονηροις πονηροίς πονηροῖς πονηρον πονηρόν πονηρὸν πονηρος πονηρός πονηρὸς πονηροτερα πονηρότερα πονηρου πονηρού πονηροῦ πονηρους πονηρούς πονηροὺς πονηρω πονηρώ πονηρῷ πονηρων πονηρών πονηρῶν ponera ponerá ponerà ponēra ponērá ponērà ponerai poneraí ponerā̂i ponērai ponēraí ponērā̂i poneras ponerâs ponēras ponērâs ponere poneré Ponerè ponēre ponēré Ponērè ponero ponērō poneroi poneroí poneroì ponerôi ponēroi ponēroí ponēroì ponērō̂i ponerois poneroîs ponērois ponēroîs poneron ponerón poneròn ponerôn ponēron ponērón ponēròn ponērōn ponērō̂n poneros ponerós poneròs ponēros ponērós ponēròs ponerotera ponerótera ponērotera ponērótera ponerou poneroû ponērou ponēroû ponerous poneroús poneroùs ponērous ponēroús ponēroùs
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Interlinear GreekInterlinear HebrewStrong's NumbersEnglishman's Greek ConcordanceEnglishman's Hebrew ConcordanceParallel Texts
Englishman's Concordance
Matthew 5:11 Adj-ANS
GRK: εἴπωσιν πᾶν πονηρὸν καθ' ὑμῶν
NAS: all kinds of evil against
KJV: all manner of evil against
INT: shall say all kinds of evil against you

Matthew 5:37 Adj-GMS
GRK: ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ ἐστίν
NAS: anything beyond these is of evil.
KJV: cometh of evil.
INT: from evil comes

Matthew 5:39 Adj-DMS
GRK: ἀντιστῆναι τῷ πονηρῷ ἀλλ' ὅστις
NAS: to you, do not resist an evil person; but whoever
KJV: That ye resist not evil: but whosoever
INT: to resist the evil [person] but whoever

Matthew 5:45 Adj-AMP
GRK: ἀνατέλλει ἐπὶ πονηροὺς καὶ ἀγαθοὺς
NAS: to rise on [the] evil and [the] good,
KJV: to rise on the evil and on the good,
INT: he causes to rise on evil and good

Matthew 6:13 Adj-GM/NS
GRK: ἀπὸ τοῦ πονηροῦ ὅτι σοῦ
NAS: but deliver us from evil. [For Yours
KJV: us from evil: For thine
INT: from evil For yours

Matthew 6:23 Adj-NMS
GRK: ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρὸς ᾖ ὅλον
NAS: your eye is bad, your whole
KJV: eye be evil, thy whole
INT: eye of you bad be all

Matthew 7:11 Adj-NMP
GRK: οὖν ὑμεῖς πονηροὶ ὄντες οἴδατε
NAS: you then, being evil, know how to give
KJV: then, being evil, know how to give
INT: therefore you evil being know [how]

Matthew 7:17 Adj-AMP
GRK: δένδρον καρποὺς πονηροὺς ποιεῖ
NAS: tree bears bad fruit.
KJV: tree bringeth forth evil fruit.
INT: tree fruits bad produces

Matthew 7:18 Adj-AMP
GRK: ἀγαθὸν καρποὺς πονηροὺς ποιεῖν οὐδὲ
NAS: cannot produce bad fruit, nor
KJV: cannot bring forth evil fruit, neither
INT: good fruits evil to produce nor

Matthew 9:4 Adj-ANP
GRK: τί ἐνθυμεῖσθε πονηρὰ ἐν ταῖς
NAS: are you thinking evil in your hearts?
KJV: think ye evil in your
INT: why think you evil in the

Matthew 12:34 Adj-NMP
GRK: ἀγαθὰ λαλεῖν πονηροὶ ὄντες ἐκ
NAS: you, being evil, speak
KJV: can ye, being evil, speak good things?
INT: good things to speak evil being out of

Matthew 12:35 Adj-NMS
GRK: καὶ ὁ πονηρὸς ἄνθρωπος ἐκ
NAS: what is good; and the evil man
KJV: good things: and an evil man out of
INT: and the evil man out of

Matthew 12:35 Adj-GMS
GRK: ἐκ τοῦ πονηροῦ θησαυροῦ ἐκβάλλει
NAS: brings out of [his] evil treasure
KJV: out of the evil treasure
INT: out of his evil treasure puts forth

Matthew 12:35 Adj-ANP
GRK: θησαυροῦ ἐκβάλλει πονηρά
NAS: treasure what is evil.
KJV: treasure bringeth forth evil things.
INT: treasure puts forth evil things

Matthew 12:39 Adj-NFS
GRK: αὐτοῖς Γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς
NAS: and said to them, An evil and adulterous
KJV: unto them, An evil and
INT: to them A generation evil and adulterous

Matthew 12:45 Adj-ANP-C
GRK: ἕτερα πνεύματα πονηρότερα ἑαυτοῦ καὶ
NAS: spirits more wicked than itself,
KJV: also unto this wicked generation.
INT: other spirits more evil than itself and

Matthew 12:45 Adj-DFS
GRK: ταύτῃ τῇ πονηρᾷ
INT: this the evil

Matthew 13:19 Adj-NMS
GRK: ἔρχεται ὁ πονηρὸς καὶ ἁρπάζει
NAS: and does not understand it, the evil [one] comes
KJV: then cometh the wicked [one], and
INT: comes the evil one and snaches away

Matthew 13:38 Adj-GMS
GRK: υἱοὶ τοῦ πονηροῦ
NAS: are the sons of the evil [one];
KJV: are the children of the wicked [one];
INT: sons of the evil [one]

Matthew 13:49 Adj-AMP
GRK: ἀφοριοῦσιν τοὺς πονηροὺς ἐκ μέσου
NAS: and take out the wicked from among
KJV: and sever the wicked from among
INT: will separate the evil from [the] midst

Matthew 15:19 Adj-NMP
GRK: ἐξέρχονται διαλογισμοὶ πονηροί φόνοι μοιχεῖαι
NAS: come evil thoughts,
KJV: proceed evil thoughts,
INT: come forth thoughts evil murders adulteries

Matthew 16:4 Adj-NFS
GRK: Γενεὰ πονηρὰ καὶ μοιχαλὶς
NAS: An evil and adulterous generation
KJV: A wicked and adulterous
INT: A generation evil and adulterous

Matthew 18:32 Adj-VMS
GRK: αὐτῷ Δοῦλε πονηρέ πᾶσαν τὴν
NAS: said to him, 'You wicked slave,
KJV: unto him, O thou wicked servant,
INT: to him servant evil all the

Matthew 20:15 Adj-NMS
GRK: ὀφθαλμός σου πονηρός ἐστιν ὅτι
NAS: Or is your eye envious because I am
KJV: thine eye evil, because I
INT: eye of you envious Is because

Matthew 22:10 Adj-AMP
GRK: οὓς εὗρον πονηρούς τε καὶ
NAS: both evil and good;
KJV: they found, both bad and good:
INT: as many as they found evil both and

Strong's Greek 4190
79 Occurrences


πονηρὰ — 15 Occ.
πονηραί — 2 Occ.
πονηρᾶς — 1 Occ.
πονηρέ — 3 Occ.
πονηρῷ — 2 Occ.
πονηρῶν — 6 Occ.
πονηροὶ — 5 Occ.
πονηροῖς — 3 Occ.
πονηρὸν — 12 Occ.
πονηρὸς — 8 Occ.
πονηρότερα — 2 Occ.
πονηροῦ — 13 Occ.
πονηροὺς — 7 Occ.

















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