Bible Thesaurus: Sanctuary

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Thesaurus

Sanctuary (250 Occurrences)
... In the final state there is properly "no sanctuary" (Revelation 21:22), for God
and the Lamb "are the sanctuary" (RV, "temple"). ... W. Shaw Caldecott. SANCTUARY. ...
/s/sanctuary.htm - 63k

Sanctuary's (1 Occurrence)
... Multi-Version Concordance Sanctuary's (1 Occurrence). 2 Chronicles 30:19
who hath prepared his heart to seek God -- Jehovah, God ...
/s/sanctuary's.htm - 6k

Weighing (39 Occurrences)
... 3:50 from the firstborn of the children of Israel he took the money, one thousand
three hundred sixty-five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary: (See NIV ...
/w/weighing.htm - 17k

Charger (17 Occurrences)
... was one silver charger, the weight thereof was an hundred and thirty shekels, one
silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of ...
/c/charger.htm - 14k

Platter (20 Occurrences)
... was: one silver platter, the weight of which was one hundred thirty shekels, one
silver bowl of seventy shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary; both of ...
/p/platter.htm - 15k

Shekel (37 Occurrences)
... The "shekel of the sanctuary" (Exodus 30:13; Numbers 3:47) was equal to twenty
gerahs (Ezek. 45:12). ... SHEKEL OF THE SANCTUARY; SACRED SHEKEL. ...
/s/shekel.htm - 23k

Kohath (30 Occurrences)
... Their special charge was "the ark, and the table, and the candlestick, and the altars,
and the vessels of the sanctuary wherewith they minister, and the screen ...
/k/kohath.htm - 18k

Shekels (92 Occurrences)
... Elders (WEY). Matthew 27:5 Flinging the shekels into the Sanctuary he left
the place, and went and hanged himself. (WEY). Matthew ...
/s/shekels.htm - 37k

Dish (54 Occurrences)
... was one silver dish of the weight of a hundred and thirty shekels, one silver bowl,
of seventy shekels, according to the shekel of the sanctuary, both of them ...
/d/dish.htm - 24k

Furniture (24 Occurrences)
... Moses is instructed (25:9) to make a sanctuary or tabernacle and the furniture
thereof according to the pattern showed him in the Mount. ...
/f/furniture.htm - 16k

Bible Concordance

Sanctuary (250 Occurrences)

Matthew 23:16 "Alas for you, you blind guides, who say, "'Whoever swears by the Sanctuary it is nothing; but whoever swears by the gold of the Sanctuary, is bound by the oath.'
(WEY YLT)

Matthew 23:17 "Blind fools! Why, which is greater? --the gold, or the Sanctuary which has made the gold holy?
(WEY YLT)

Matthew 23:21 he who swears by the Sanctuary swears both by it and by Him who dwells in it;
(WEY YLT)

Matthew 23:35 that on you may come all the righteous blood shed on the earth, from the blood of righteous Abel to the blood of Zachariah son of Barachiah, whom you killed between the sanctuary and the altar.
(WEB WEY ASV YLT RSV)

Matthew 26:61 who testified, "This man said, 'I am able to pull down the Sanctuary of God and three days afterwards to build a new one.'"
(WEY YLT)

Matthew 27:5 He threw down the pieces of silver in the sanctuary, and departed. He went away and hanged himself.
(WEB WEY ASV YLT NAS)

Matthew 27:40 and said, "You who would pull down the Sanctuary and build a new one within three days, save yourself. If you are God's Son, come down from the cross."
(WEY YLT)

Matthew 27:51 Immediately the curtain of the Sanctuary was torn in two from top to bottom: the earth quaked; the rocks split;
(WEY YLT)

Mark 14:58 "We have heard him say, 'I will pull down this Sanctuary built by human hands, and three days afterwards I will erect another built without hands.'"
(WEY YLT)

Mark 15:29 And all the passers-by reviled Him. They shook their heads at Him and said, "Ah! you who were for destroying the Sanctuary and building a new one in three days,
(WEY YLT)

Mark 15:38 And the curtain in the Sanctuary was torn in two, from top to bottom.
(WEY YLT)

Luke 1:9 it fell to his lot--according to the custom of the priesthood--to go into the Sanctuary of the Lord and burn the incense;
(WEY YLT)

Luke 1:21 Meanwhile the people were waiting for Zechariah, and were surprised that he stayed so long in the Sanctuary.
(WEY YLT)

Luke 1:22 When, however, he came out, he was unable to speak to them; and they knew that he must have seen a vision in the Sanctuary; but he kept making signs to them and continued dumb.
(WEY YLT)

Luke 11:51 from the blood of Abel to the blood of Zachariah, who perished between the altar and the sanctuary.' Yes, I tell you, it will be required of this generation.
(WEB ASV RSV NIV)

Luke 23:45 The sun was darkened, and the curtain of the Sanctuary was torn down the middle,
(WEY YLT)

John 2:19 "Demolish this Sanctuary," said Jesus, "and in three days I will rebuild it."
(WEY YLT)

John 2:20 "It has taken forty-six years," replied the Jews, "to build this Sanctuary, and will you rebuild it in three days?"
(WEY YLT)

John 2:21 But He was speaking of the Sanctuary of His body.
(WEY YLT)

1 Corinthians 3:16 Do you not know that you are God's Sanctuary, and that the Spirit of God has His home within you?
(WEY YLT)

1 Corinthians 3:17 If any one is marring the Sanctuary of God, him will God mar; for the Sanctuary of God is holy, which you all are.
(WEY YLT)

1 Corinthians 6:19 Or do you not know that your bodies are a sanctuary of the Holy Spirit who is within you--the Spirit whom you have from God?
(WEY YLT)

2 Corinthians 6:16 and what agreement to the sanctuary of God with idols? for ye are a sanctuary of the living God, according as God said -- 'I will dwell in them, and will walk among 'them', and I will be their God, and they shall be My people,
(YLT)

Ephesians 2:21 in union with whom the whole fabric, fitted and closely joined together, is growing so as to form a holy sanctuary in the Lord;
(WEY YLT)

2 Thessalonians 2:4 who is opposing and is raising himself up above all called God or worshipped, so that he in the sanctuary of God as God hath sat down, shewing himself off that he is God -- 'the day doth not come'.
(YLT)

Hebrews 6:19 This hope we have as an anchor of the soul, a hope both sure and steadfast and entering into that which is within the veil;
(See NIV)

Hebrews 8:2 a servant of the sanctuary, and of the true tabernacle, which the Lord pitched, not man.
(WEB KJV ASV WBS NAS RSV NIV)

Hebrews 8:5 who serve a copy and shadow of the heavenly things, even as Moses was warned by God when he was about to make the tabernacle, for he said, "See, you shall make everything according to the pattern that was shown to you on the mountain."
(See RSV NIV)

Hebrews 9:1 Now indeed even the first covenant had ordinances of divine service, and an earthly sanctuary.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Hebrews 9:2 For there was a tabernacle made; the first, wherein was the candlestick, and the table, and the shewbread; which is called the sanctuary.
(KJV WBS)

Hebrews 9:8 The Holy Spirit is indicating this, that the way into the Holy Place wasn't yet revealed while the first tabernacle was still standing;
(See RSV)

Hebrews 9:24 For Christ hasn't entered into holy places made with hands, which are representations of the true, but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us;
(See RSV NIV)

Hebrews 10:19 Having therefore, brothers, boldness to enter into the holy place by the blood of Jesus,
(See RSV)

Hebrews 13:11 For the bodies of those beasts, whose blood is brought into the sanctuary by the high priest for sin, are burned without the camp.
(KJV WBS RSV)

Revelation 3:12 "'He who overcomes--I will make him a pillar in the sanctuary of My God, and he shall never go out from it again. And I will write on him the name of My God, and the name of the city of My God, the new Jerusalem, which is to come down out of Heaven from My God, and My own new name.
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 7:15 For this reason they stand before the very throne of God, and render Him service, day after day and night after night, in His sanctuary, and He who is sitting upon the throne will shelter them in His tent.
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 11:1 Then a reed was given me to serve as a measuring rod; and a voice said, "Rise, and measure God's sanctuary--and the altar--and count the worshipers who are in it.
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 11:2 But as for the court which is outside the sanctuary, pass it over. Do not measure it; for it has been given to the Gentiles, and for forty-two months they will trample the holy city under foot.
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 11:19 Then the doors of God's sanctuary in Heaven were opened, and the Ark, in which His Covenant was, was seen in His sanctuary; and there came flashes of lightning, and voices, and peals of thunder, and an earthquake, and heavy hail.
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 14:15 And another, an angel, came out of the sanctuary, calling in a loud voice to Him who sat on the cloud, and saying, "Use your sickle and reap the harvest, for the hour for reaping it has come: the harvest of the earth is over-ripe."
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 14:17 And another angel came out from the sanctuary in Heaven, and he too carried a sharp sickle.
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 15:5 After this, when the doors of the sanctuary of the tent of witness in Heaven were opened, I looked;
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 15:6 and there came out of the sanctuary the seven angels who were bringing the seven plagues. The angels were clad in pure, bright linen, and had girdles of gold across their breasts.
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 15:8 And the sanctuary was filled with smoke from the glory of God and from His power; and no one could enter the sanctuary till the seven plagues brought by the seven angels were at an end.
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 16:1 Then I heard a loud voice from the sanctuary say to the seven angels, "Go and pour on to the earth the seven bowls of the anger of God."
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 16:17 Then the seventh angel poured his bowl into the air; and a loud voice came out of the sanctuary from the throne, saying, "Everything is now ready."
(WEY YLT)

Revelation 21:22 I saw no sanctuary in the city, for the Lord God, the Ruler of all, is its Sanctuary, and so is the Lamb.
(WEY YLT)

Exodus 15:17 You shall bring them in, and plant them in the mountain of your inheritance, the place, Yahweh, which you have made for yourself to dwell in; the sanctuary, Lord, which your hands have established.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 25:8 Let them make me a sanctuary, that I may dwell among them.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 28:29 And Aaron shall bear the names of the children of Israel in the breastplate of judgment on his heart, when he goes in to the sanctuary, for a memorial before Jehovah continually.
(DBY YLT)

Exodus 28:35 And it shall be on Aaron for service; that his sound may be heard when he goeth into the sanctuary before Jehovah, and when he cometh out, that he may not die.
(DBY YLT)

Exodus 28:43 And they shall be upon Aaron and his sons when they enter into the tent of meeting, or when they come near to the altar to serve in the sanctuary; that they may not bear iniquity and die an everlasting statute for him and his seed after him.
(DBY YLT)

Exodus 29:30 The son that is priest in his stead shall put them on seven days, when he cometh into the tent of meeting to serve in the sanctuary.
(DBY YLT)

Exodus 30:13 They shall give this, everyone who passes over to those who are numbered, half a shekel after the shekel of the sanctuary; (the shekel is twenty gerahs;) half a shekel for an offering to Yahweh.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 30:24 and of cassia five hundred, after the shekel of the sanctuary; and a hin of olive oil.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 31:11 and the anointing oil, and the incense of fragrant drugs for the sanctuary: according to all that I have commanded thee shall they do.
(DBY YLT)

Exodus 35:19 the garments of service, to do service in the sanctuary, the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and the garments of his sons, to serve as priests.
(DBY YLT NIV)

Exodus 36:1 "Bezalel and Oholiab shall work with every wise-hearted man, in whom Yahweh has put wisdom and understanding to know how to work all the work for the service of the sanctuary, according to all that Yahweh has commanded."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 36:3 and they received from Moses all the offering which the children of Israel had brought for the work of the service of the sanctuary, with which to make it. They brought yet to him freewill offerings every morning.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 36:4 All the wise men, who performed all the work of the sanctuary, each came from his work which they did.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 36:6 Moses gave commandment, and they caused it to be proclaimed throughout the camp, saying, "Let neither man nor woman make anything else for the offering for the sanctuary." So the people were restrained from bringing.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 38:24 All the gold that was used for the work in all the work of the sanctuary, even the gold of the offering, was twenty-nine talents, and seven hundred thirty shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 38:25 The silver of those who were numbered of the congregation was one hundred talents, and one thousand seven hundred seventy-five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary:
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 38:26 a beka a head, that is, half a shekel, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for everyone who passed over to those who were numbered, from twenty years old and upward, for six hundred three thousand five hundred fifty men.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 38:27 The one hundred talents of silver were for casting the sockets of the sanctuary, and the sockets of the veil; one hundred sockets for the one hundred talents, a talent for a socket.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Exodus 39:1 And of the blue and purple and scarlet they made garments of service, for service in the sanctuary, and made the holy garments for Aaron; as Jehovah had commanded Moses.
(DBY YLT NIV)

Exodus 39:41 the garments of service, for service in the sanctuary; the holy garments for Aaron the priest, and his sons' garments, to serve as priests.
(DBY YLT NIV)

Leviticus 4:6 The priest shall dip his finger in the blood, and sprinkle some of the blood seven times before Yahweh, before the veil of the sanctuary.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Leviticus 5:15 "If anyone commits a trespass, and sins unwittingly, in the holy things of Yahweh; then he shall bring his trespass offering to Yahweh, a ram without blemish from the flock, according to your estimation in silver by shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary, for a trespass offering.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Leviticus 6:30 And no sin-offering whereof blood hath been brought to the tent of meeting, to make atonement in the sanctuary, shall be eaten: it shall be burned with fire.
(DBY YLT)

Leviticus 10:4 Moses called Mishael and Elzaphan, the sons of Uzziel the uncle of Aaron, and said to them, "Draw near, carry your brothers from before the sanctuary out of the camp."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Leviticus 10:17 "Why haven't you eaten the sin offering in the place of the sanctuary, seeing it is most holy, and he has given it you to bear the iniquity of the congregation, to make atonement for them before Yahweh?
(WEB JPS ASV RSV NIV)

Leviticus 10:18 Behold, its blood was not brought into the inner part of the sanctuary: you certainly should have eaten it in the sanctuary, as I commanded."
(WEB JPS ASV DBY NAS RSV NIV)

Leviticus 12:4 She shall continue in the blood of purification thirty-three days. She shall not touch any holy thing, nor come into the sanctuary, until the days of her purifying are completed.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Leviticus 14:13 He shall kill the male lamb in the place where they kill the sin offering and the burnt offering, in the place of the sanctuary; for as the sin offering is the priest's, so is the trespass offering. It is most holy.
(WEB JPS ASV NAS)

Leviticus 16:2 and Jehovah said to Moses, Speak unto Aaron thy brother, that he come not at all times into the sanctuary inside the veil before the mercy-seat which is upon the ark, that he die not; for I will appear in the cloud upon the mercy-seat.
(DBY YLT)

Leviticus 16:3 "Herewith shall Aaron come into the sanctuary: with a young bull for a sin offering, and a ram for a burnt offering.
(WEB DBY YLT NIV)

Leviticus 16:16 and he shall make atonement for the sanctuary, to cleanse it from the uncleanness of the children of Israel, and from their transgressions in all their sins; and so shall he do for the tent of meeting which dwelleth among them in the midst of their uncleanness.
(DBY YLT)

Leviticus 16:17 And there shall be no man in the tent of meeting when he goeth in to make atonement in the sanctuary until he come out; and he shall make atonement for himself, and for his house, and for the whole congregation of Israel.
(DBY YLT)

Leviticus 16:20 And when he hath ended making atonement for the sanctuary, and the tent of meeting, and the altar, he shall present the living goat;
(DBY YLT)

Leviticus 16:23 And Aaron shall go into the tent of meeting, and shall put off the linen garments, which he put on when he went into the sanctuary, and shall leave them there;
(DBY YLT)

Leviticus 16:27 And the bullock of the sin-offering, and the goat of the sin-offering whose blood was brought in to make atonement in the sanctuary, shall one carry forth outside the camp; and they shall burn with fire their skins, and their flesh, and their dung.
(DBY YLT)

Leviticus 16:33 Then he shall make atonement for the Holy Sanctuary; and he shall make atonement for the Tent of Meeting and for the altar; and he shall make atonement for the priests and for all the people of the assembly.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Leviticus 19:30 "'You shall keep my Sabbaths, and reverence my sanctuary; I am Yahweh.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Leviticus 20:3 I also will set my face against that person, and will cut him off from among his people because he has given of his seed to Molech, to defile my sanctuary, and to profane my holy name.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Leviticus 21:12 neither shall he go out of the sanctuary, nor profane the sanctuary of his God; for the crown of the anointing oil of his God is upon him. I am Yahweh.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Leviticus 21:23 Only he shall not go in unto the veil, nor come nigh unto the altar, because he hath a blemish; that he profane not My holy places; for I am the LORD who sanctify them.
(See NIV)

Leviticus 26:2 "'You shall keep my Sabbaths, and have reverence for my sanctuary. I am Yahweh.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Leviticus 27:3 Your valuation shall be of a male from twenty years old even to sixty years old, even your valuation shall be fifty shekels of silver, after the shekel of the sanctuary.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Leviticus 27:25 All your valuations shall be according to the shekel of the sanctuary: twenty gerahs to the shekel.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 3:10 You shall appoint Aaron and his sons, and they shall keep their priesthood. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death."
(See NIV)

Numbers 3:28 According to the number of all the males, from a month old and upward, there were eight thousand six hundred, keeping the requirements of the sanctuary.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 3:31 Their duty shall be the ark, the table, the lamp stand, the altars, the vessels of the sanctuary with which they minister, and the screen, and all its service.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 3:32 Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be prince of the princes of the Levites, with the oversight of those who keep the requirements of the sanctuary.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 3:38 Those who encamp before the tabernacle eastward, in front of the Tent of Meeting toward the sunrise, shall be Moses, and Aaron and his sons, keeping the requirements of the sanctuary for the duty of the children of Israel. The stranger who comes near shall be put to death.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 3:47 you shall take five shekels apiece for each one; after the shekel of the sanctuary you shall take them (the shekel is twenty gerahs):
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 3:50 from the firstborn of the children of Israel he took the money, one thousand three hundred sixty-five shekels, after the shekel of the sanctuary:
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 4:12 "They shall take all the vessels of ministry, with which they minister in the sanctuary, and put them in a blue cloth, and cover them with a covering of sealskin, and shall put them on the frame.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Numbers 4:15 "When Aaron and his sons have finished covering the sanctuary, and all the furniture of the sanctuary, as the camp moves forward; after that, the sons of Kohath shall come to carry it: but they shall not touch the sanctuary, lest they die. These things are the burden of the sons of Kohath in the Tent of Meeting.
(WEB KJV ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

Numbers 4:16 "The duty of Eleazar the son of Aaron the priest shall be the oil for the light, the sweet incense, the continual meal offering, and the anointing oil, the requirements of all the tabernacle, and of all that is in it, the sanctuary, and its furnishings."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV)

ATS Bible Dictionary

Sanctuary

A holy place devoted to God. It appears to be the name sometimes of the entire temple, Ps 73...17; Heb 9...1; sometimes of the "Holy place," where the altar on incense, the golden candlestick, and the showbread stood, 2 Chronicles 26:18 Hebrews 9:2; and sometimes of the "Holy of Holies," the most secret and retired part of the temple, in which was the ark of the covenant, and where none but the high priest might enter, and he only once a year on the day of solemn expiation. The same name was also given to the most sacred part of the tabernacle set up in the wilderness, Le 4:6. See TABERNACLE, and TEMPLE.

The temple or earthly sanctuary is an emblem of heaven, Psalm 102:19 Hebrews 9:1,24; and God himself is called a sanctuary, Isaiah 8:14 Ezekiel 11:16, in reference to the use of temples as a place of refuge for fugitives, because he is the only safe and sacred asylum for sinners pursued by the sword of divine justice.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Denotes, (1) the Holy Land (Exodus 15:17; Comp. Psalm 114:2); (2) the temple (1 Chronicles 22:19; 2 Chronicles 29:21); (3) the tabernacle (Exodus 25:8; Leviticus 12:4; 21:12); (4) the holy place, the place of the Presence (Gr. hieron, the temple-house; not the naos, which is the temple area, with its courts and porches), Leviticus 4:6; Ephesians 2:21, R.V., marg.; (5) God's holy habitation in heaven (Psalm 102:19). In the final state there is properly "no sanctuary" (Revelation 21:22), for God and the Lamb "are the sanctuary" (R.V., "temple"). All is there hallowed by the Divine Presence; all is sancturary.

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

1. (n.) A sacred place; a consecrated spot; a holy and inviolable site.

2. (n.) The most retired part of the temple at Jerusalem, called the Holy of Holies, in which was kept the ark of the covenant, and into which no person was permitted to enter except the high priest, and he only once a year, to intercede for the people; also, the most sacred part of the tabernacle; also, the temple at Jerusalem.

3. (n.) The most sacred part of any religious building, esp. that part of a Christian church in which the altar is placed.

4. (n.) A house consecrated to the worship of God; a place where divine service is performed; a church, temple, or other place of worship.

5. (n.) A sacred and inviolable asylum; a place of refuge and protection; shelter; refuge; protection.

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

COURT OF THE SANCTUARY; TABERNACLE; TEMPLE

kort, sank'-tu-a-ri: By "court" (chatser) is meant a clear space enclosed by curtains or walls, or surrounded by buildings. It was always an uncovered enclosure, but might have within its area one or more edifices.

1. The Tabernacle:

The first occurrence of the word is in Exodus 27:9, where it is commanded to "make the court of the tabernacle." The dimensions for this follow in the directions for the length of the linen curtains which were to enclose it. From these we learn that the perimeter of the court was 300 cubits, and that it consisted of two squares, each 75 ft., lying East and West of one another. In the westerly square stood the tabernacle, while in that to the East was the altar of burnt offering. This was the worshipper's square, and every Hebrew who passed through the entrance gate had immediate access to the altar (compare W. Robertson Smith, note on Exodus 20:26, Smith, The Old Testament in the Jewish Church, 435). The admission to this scene of the national solemnities was by the great east gate described in Exodus 27:13-16 (see EAST GATE).

2. Solomon's Temple:

The fundamental conception out of which grew the resolve to build a temple for the worship of Yahweh was that the new structure was to be an enlarged duplicate in stone of the tent of meeting (see TEMPLE). The doubling in size of the holy chambers was accompanied by a doubling of the enclosed area upon which the holy house was to stand. Hitherto a rectangular oblong figure of 150 ft. in length and 75 ft. in breadth had sufficed for the needs of the people in their worship. Now an area of 300 ft. in length and 150 ft. in breadth was enclosed within heavy stone walls, making, as before, two squares, each of 150 ft. This was that "court of the priests" spoken of in 2 Chronicles 4:9, known to its builders as "the inner court" (1 Kings 6:36; compare Jeremiah 36:10). Its walls consisted of "three courses of hewn stone, and a course of cedar beams" (1 Kings 6:36), into which some read the meaning of colonnades. Its two divisions may have been marked by some fence. The innermost division, accessible only to the priests, was the site of the new temple. In the easterly division stood the altar of sacrifice; into this the Hebrew laity had access for worship at the altar. Later incidental allusions imply the existence of "chambers" in the court, and also the accessibility of the laity (compare Jeremiah 35:4; Jeremiah 36:10 Ezekiel 8:16).

3. The Great Court:

In distinction from this "inner" court a second or "outer" court was built by Solomon, spoken of by the Chronicler as "the great court" (2 Chronicles 4:9). Its doors were overlaid with brass (bronze). Wide difference of opinion obtains as to the relation of this outer court to the inner court just described, and to the rest of the Solomonic buildings-particularly to "the great court" of "the house of the forest of Lebanon" of 1 Kings 7:9, 10. Some identify the two, others separate them. Did this court, with its brass-covered gates, extend still farther to the East than the temple "inner" court, with, however, the same breadth as the latter? Or was it, as Keil thinks, a much larger enclosure, surrounding the whole temple area, extending perhaps 150 cubits eastward in front of the priests' court (compare Keil, Biblical Archaeology, I, 171, English translation)? Yet more radical is the view, adopted by many modern authorities, which regards "the great court" as a vast enclosure surrounding the temple and the whole complex of buildings described in 1 Kings 7:1-12 (see the plan, after Stade, in G. A. Smith's Jerusalem, II, 59). In the absence of conclusive data the question must be left undetermined.

4. Ezekiel's Temple:

In Ezekiel's plan of the temple yet to be built, the lines of the temple courts as he had known them in Jerusalem are followed. Two squares enclosed in stone walling, each of 150 ft., lie North and South of one another, and bear the distinctive names, "the inner court" and "the outer court" (Ezekiel 8:16; Ezekiel 10:5).

5. Temple of Herod:

In the Herodian temple the old nomenclature gives place to a new set of terms. The extensive enclosure known later as "the court of the Gentiles" does not appear under that name in the New Testament or in Josephus What we have in the tract Middoth of the Mishna and in Josephus is the mention of two courts, the "court of the priests" and "the court of Israel" (Middoth, ii0.6; v. 1; Josephus, BJ, V, v, 6). The data in regard to both are difficult and conflicting. In Middoth they appear as long narrow strips of 11 cubits in breadth extending at right angles to the temple and the altar across the enclosure-the "court of Israel" being railed off from the "court of the priests" on the East; the latter extending backward as far as the altar, which has a distinct measurement. The design was to prevent the too near approach of the lay Israelite to the altar. Josephus makes the 11 cubits of the "court of Israel" extend round the whole "court of the priests," inclusive of altar and temple (see TEMPLE; and compare G. A. Smith, Jerusalem, II, 506-9, with the reconstruction of Waterhouse in Sacred Sites of the Gospels, 111). For the "women's court," see TREASURY.

Many expressions in the Psalms show how great was the attachment of the devout-minded Hebrew in all ages to those courts of the Lord's house where he was accustomed to worship (e.g. Psalm 65:4; Psalm 84:2; Psalm 92:13; Psalm 96:8; 100:04:00; Psalm 116:19). The courts were the scene of many historical events in the Old Testament and New Testament, and of much of the earthly ministry of Jesus. There was enacted the scene described in the parable of the Pharisee and Publican (Luke 18:10-14).

W. Shaw Caldecott

SANCTUARY

sank'-tu-a-ri, sank'-tu-a-ri (miqdash, miqqedhash, qodhesh, "holy place"; hagion):

1. Nature of Article

2. The Graf-Wellhausen Hypothesis

The Three Stages

3. Difficulties of the Theory

(1) Slaughter Not Necessarily Sacrificial

(2) Sacrifice and Theophany

(3) Alleged Plurality of Sanctuaries

(4) The Altar of God's House

(5) Local Altars in Deuteronomy

4. The Alternative View

(1) Lay Sacrifice

(2) Three Pilgrimage Festivals

5. The Elephantine Papyri

The Elephantine Temple

LITERATURE

1. Nature of Article:

The present article is designed to supplement the articles on ALTAR; HIGH PLACE; PENTATEUCH; TABERNACLE; TEMPLE, by giving an outline of certain rival views of the course of law and history as regards the place of worship. The subject has a special importance because it was made the turning-point of Wellhausen's discussion of the development of Israel's literature, history and religion. He himself writes: "I differ from Graf chiefly in this, that I always go back to the centralization of the cult, and deduce from it the particular divergences. My whole position is contained in my first chapter" (Prolegomena, 368). For the purposes of this discussion it is necessary to use the symbols J, E, D, H, and the Priestly Code (P), which are explained in the article PENTATEUCH.

It is said that there are three distinct stages of law and history.

2. The Graf-Wellhausen Hypothesis:

The Three Stages:

(1) In the first stage all slaughter of domestic animals for food purposes was sacrificial, and every layman could sacrifice locally at an altar of earth or unhewn stones. The law of JE is contained in Exodus 20:24-26, providing for the making of an altar of earth or stones, and emphasis is laid on the words "in every place ("in all the place" is grammatically an equally possible rendering) where I record my name I will come unto thee and I will bless thee." This, it is claimed, permits a plurality of sanctuaries. Illustrations are provided by the history. The patriarchs move about the country freely and build altars at various places. Later sacrifices or altars are mentioned in connection with Jethro (Exodus 18:12), Moses (Exodus 17:15, etc.), Joshua (Joshua 8:30), Gideon (Judges 6:26 etc.), Manoah (Judges 13:19), Samuel (1 Samuel 7:17, etc.), Elijah (1 Kings 18:32), to take but a few instances. Perhaps the most instructive case is that of Saul after the battle of Michmash. Observing that the people were eating meat with blood, he caused a large stone to be rolled to him, and we are expressly told that this was the first altar that he built to the Lord (1 Samuel 14:35). While some of these examples might be accounted for by theophanies or other special circumstances, they are too numerous when taken together for such an explanation to suffice. In many instances they represent the conduct of the most authoritative and religious leaders of the age, e.g. Samuel, and it must be presumed that such men knew and acted upon the Law of their own day. Hence, the history and the Law of Exodus 20 are in unison in permitting a multiplicity of sanctuaries. Wellhausen adds: "Altars as a rule are not built by the patriarchs according to their own private judgment wheresoever they please; on the contrary, a theophany calls attention to, or, at least afterward, confirms, the holiness of the place" (op. cit., 31).

(2) The second stage is presented by Deuteronomy in the Law and Josiah's reformation in the history. Undoubtedly, Deuteronomy 12 permits local non-sacrificial slaughter for the purposes of food, and enjoins the destruction of heathen places of worship, insisting with great vehemence on the central sanctuary. The narrative of Josiah's reformation in 2 Kings 23 tallies with these principles.

(3) The third great body of law (the Priestly Code, P) does not deal with the question (save in one passage, Leviticus 17). In Deuteronomy "the unity of the cult is commanded; in the Priestly Code it is presupposed..... What follows from this forms the question before us. To my thinking, this: that the Priestly Code rests upon the result which is only the aim of Deuteronomy" (Prolegomena, 35). Accordingly, it is later than the latter book and dates from about the time of Ezra. As to Leviticus 17:1-9, this belongs to H (the Law of Holiness, Leviticus 17:1-26:46), an older collection of laws than the Priestly Code (P), and is taken up in the latter. Its intention was "to secure the exclusive legitimation of the one lawful place of sacrifice..... Plainly the common man did not quite understand the newly drawn and previously quite unknown distinction between the religious and the profane act" (Prolegomena, 50). Accordingly, this legislator strove to meet the difficulty by the new enactment.

See CRITICISM (The Graf-Wellhausen Hypothesis).

3. Difficulties of the Theory:

(1) Slaughter Not Necessarily Sacrificial

The general substratum afforded by the documentary theory falls within the scope of the article PENTATEUCH. The present discussion is limited to the legal and historical outline traced above. The view that all slaughter of domestic animals was sacrificial till the time of Josiah is rebutted by the evidence of the early books. The following examples should be noted: in Genesis 18:7 a calf is slain without any trace of a sacrifice, and in 27:9-14 (Jacob's substitute for venison) no altar or religious rite can fairly be postulated. In 1 Samuel 28:24 the slaughter is performed by a woman, so that here again sacrifice is out of the question. If Gideon performed a sacrifice when he "made ready a kid" (Judges 6:19) or when he killed an animal for the broth of which the narrative speaks, the animals in question must have been sacrificed twice over, once when they were killed and again when the food was consumed by flames. Special importance attaches to Exodus 22:1 (Hebrew 21:37), for there the JE legislation itself speaks of slaughter by cattle thieves as a natural and probable occurrence, and it can surely not have regarded this as a sacrificial act. Other instances are to be found in Genesis 43:16 1 Samuel 25:11; 1 Kings 19:21. In 1 Samuel 8:13 the word translated "cooks" means literally, "women slaughterers." All these instances are prior to the date assigned to Deuteronomy. With respect to Leviticus 17:1-7 also, theory is unworkable. At any time in King Josiah's reign or after, it would have been utterly impossible to limit all slaughter of animals for the whole race wherever resident to one single spot. This part of theory therefore breaks down.

(2) Sacrifice and Theophany

The view that the altars were erected at places that were peculiarly holy, or at any rate were subsequently sanctified by a theophany, is also untenable. In the Patriarchal age we may refer to Genesis 4:26, where the calling on God implies sacrifice but not theophanies, Abram at Beth-el (12:8) and Mamre (13:18), and Jacob's sacrifices (31:54; 33:20). Compare later Samuel's altar at Ramah, Adonijah's sacrifice at En-rogel (1 Kings 1), Naaman's earth (2 Kings 5), David's clan's sacrifice (1 Samuel 20:6, 29). It is impossible to postulate theophanies for the sacrifices of every clan in the country, and it becomes necessary to translate Exodus 20:24 "in all the place" (see supra 2, (1)) and to understand "the place" as the territory of Israel.

(3) Alleged Plurality of Sanctuaries

The hypothesis of a multiplicity of sanctuaries in JE and the history also leaves out of view many most important facts. The truth is that the word "sanctuary" is ambiguous and misleading. A plurality of altars of earth or stone is not a plurality of sanctuaries. The early legislation knows a "house of Yahweh" in addition to the primitive altars (Exodus 23:19; Exodus 34:26; compare the parts of Joshua 9:23, 27 assigned to J). No eyewitness could mistake a house for an altar, or vice versa.

(4) The Altar of God's House

Moreover a curious little bit of evidence shows that the "house" had quite a different kind of altar. In 1 Kings 1:50; 2:28;, we hear of the horns of the altar (compare Amos 3:14). Neither earth nor unhewn stones (as required by the Law of Exodus 20) could provide such horns, and the historical instances of the altars of the patriarchs, religious leaders, etc., to which reference has been made, show that they had no horns. Accordingly, we are thrown back on the description of the great altar of burnt offering in Exodus 27 and must assume that an altar of this type was to be found before the ark before Solomon built his Temple. Thus the altar of the House of God was quite different from the customary lay altar, and when we read of "mine altar" as a refuge in Exodus 21:14, we must refer it to the former, as is shown by the passages just cited. In addition to the early legislation and the historical passages cited as recognizing a House of God with a horned altar, we see such a house in Shiloh where Eli and his sons of the house of Aaron (1 Samuel 2:27) ministered. Thus the data of both JE and the history show us a House of God with a horned altar side by side with the multiplicity of stone or earthen altars, but give us no hint of a plurality of legitimate houses or shrines or sanctuaries.

(5) Local Altars in Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy also recognizes a number of local altars in 16:21 (see ICC, at the place) and so does Later Deuteronomistic editors in Joshua 8:30;. There is no place for any of these passages ia the Wellhausen theory; but again we find one house side by side with many lay altars.

4. The Alternative View:

(1) Lay Sacrifice

The alternative view seeks to account for the whole of the facts noted above. In bald outline it is as follows: In pre-Mosaic times customary sacrifices had been freely offered by laymen at altars of earth or stone which were not "sanctuaries," but places that could be used for the nonce and then abandoned. Slaughter, as shown by the instances cited, was not necessarily sacrificial. Moses did not forbid or discourage the custom he found. On the contrary, he regulated it in Exodus 20:24-26 Deuteronomy 16:21 to prevent possible abuses. But he also superimposed two other kinds of sacrifice-certain new offerings to be brought by individuals to the religious capital and the national offerings of Numbers 28; Numbers 29 and other passages. If the Priestly Code (P) assumes the religious capital as axiomatic, the reason is that this portion of the Law consists of teaching entrusted to the priests, embracing the procedure to be followed in these two classes of offerings, and does not refer at all to the procedure at customary lay sacrifices, which was regulated by immemorial custom. Deuteronomy thunders not against the lay altars-which are never even mentioned in this connection-but against the Canaanite high places. Deuteronomy 12 contemplates only the new individual offerings. The permission of lay slaughter for food was due to the fact that the infidelity of the Israelites in the wilderness (Leviticus 17:5-7) had led to the universal prohibition of lay slaughter for the period of the wanderings only, though it appears to be continued by Deuteronomy for those who lived near the House of God (see Deuteronomy 12:21, limited to the case "if the place.... be too far from thee").

(2) Three Pilgrimage Festivals.

The JE legislation itself recognizes the three pilgrimage festivals of the House of God (Exodus 34:22 f). One of these festivals is called "the feast of weeks, even of the bikkurim (a kind of first-fruits) of wheat harvest," and as Exodus 23:19 and 34:26 require these bikkurim to be brought to the House of God and not to a lay altar, it follows that the pilgrimages are as firmly established here as in Deuteronomy. Thus we find a House (with a horned altar) served by priests and lay altars of earth or stone side by side in law and history till the exile swept them all away, and by breaking the continuity of tradition and practice paved the way for a new and artificial interpretation of the Law that was far removed from the intent of the lawgiver.

5. The Elephantine Papyri:

The Elephantine Temple.

Papyri have recently been found at Elephantine which show us a Jewish community in Egypt which in 405 B.C. possessed a local temple. On the Wellhausen hypothesis it is usual to assume that the Priestly Code (P) and Deuteronomy were still unknown and not recognized as authoritative in this community at that date, although the Deuteronomic law of the central sanctuary goes back at least to 621. It is difficult to understand how a law that had been recognized as divine by Jeremiah and others could still have been unknown or destitute of authority. On the alternative view this phenomenon will have been the result of an interpretation of the Law to suit the needs of an age some 800 years subsequent to the death of Moses in circumstances he never contemplated. The Pentateuch apparently permits sacrifice only in the land of Israel: in the altered circumstances the choice lay between interpreting the Law in this way or abandoning public worship altogether; for the synagogue with its non-sacrificial form of public worship had not yet been invented. All old legislations have to be construed in this way to meet changing circumstances, and this example contains nothing exceptional or surprising.

LITERATURE

J. Wellhausen, Prolegomena to the History of Israel, chapter i, for the critical hypothesis; H. M. Wiener, EPC, chapter vi, PS passim for the alternative view; POT, 173;.

Harold M. Wiener

SHEKEL OF THE SANCTUARY; SACRED SHEKEL

(sheqel ha-qodhesh (Numbers 7 passim)): The same as the silver shekel mentioned under SHEKEL (which see), except in Exodus 38:24, where it is used in measuring gold. The term is used for offerings made for sacred purposes.

Greek

39. hagion -- holy place, sanctuary.
... 38, 39. hagion. 40 . holy place, sanctuary. ... holy place, sanctuary. Neuter of
hagios; a sacred thing (ie Spot) -- holiest (of all), holy place, sanctuary. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/39.htm - 5k

40. hagios -- sacred, holy
... Usage Holy (92), holy (62), Holy of Holies (1), holy one (5), holy ones (1), holy
place (7), most holy (1), saint (1), saints (59), saints' (1), sanctuary (2). ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/40.htm - 8k

3485. naos -- a temple
... Word Origin probably akin to naio (to inhabit) Definition a temple NASB Word Usage
shrines (1), temple (42), temple sanctuary (1), temples (1). shrine, temple. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3485.htm - 7k

2411. hieron -- temple.
... temple. Neuter of hieros; a sacred place, ie The entire precincts (whereas naos
denotes the central sanctuary itself) of the Temple (at Jerusalem or elsewhere ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/2411.htm - 6k

Strong's Hebrew

4720. miqdash -- a sacred place, sanctuary
... miqdash or miqqedash. 4721 . a sacred place, sanctuary. Transliteration: miqdash
or miqqedash Phonetic Spelling: (mik-dawsh') Short Definition: sanctuary. ...
/hebrew/4720.htm - 6k

6943. Qedesh -- "sanctuary," the name of several places in Isr.
... Qedesh. 6944 . "sanctuary," the name of several places in Isr. ... Word Origin from
the same as qodesh Definition "sanctuary," the name of several places in Isr. ...
/hebrew/6943.htm - 6k

1687. debir -- perhaps (a place of) speaking (the innermost room ...
... perhaps (a place of) speaking (the innermost room of Solomon's temple). Transliteration:
debir Phonetic Spelling: (deb-eer') Short Definition: sanctuary. ...
/hebrew/1687.htm - 6k

6944. qodesh -- apartness, sacredness
... holy (25), most holy place (6), most holy things (6), sacred (2), sacred gifts
(2), sacred things (3), sacrifices (1), sacrificial (1), sanctuary (65), set ...
/hebrew/6944.htm - 6k

6946. Qadesh -- "sacred," a place in the desert
... Kadesh. The same as qadesh; sanctuary; Kadesh, a place in the Desert -- Kadesh.
Compare Qadesh Barnea'. see HEBREW qadesh. see HEBREW Qadesh Barnea'. ...
/hebrew/6946.htm - 6k

6918. qadosh -- sacred, holy
... Or qadosh {kaw-doshe'}; from qadash; sacred (ceremonially or morally); (as noun)
God (by eminence), an angel, a saint, a sanctuary -- holy (One), saint. ...
/hebrew/6918.htm - 6k

170. Oholah -- "she who has a tent," a symbolic name for Samaria
... Aholah. In form a feminine of 'ohel, but in fact for.Oholahh {o-hol-aw'}; from
'ohel; her tent (ie Idolatrous sanctuary); Oholah, a symbol. ...
/hebrew/170.htm - 6k

Library

What is the Sanctuary?
... 23. WHAT IS THE SANCTUARY? ... In common with the rest of the Christian world, Adventists
then held that the earth, or some portion of it, was the sanctuary. ...
/.../the great controversy between christ and satan /23 what is the sanctuary.htm

What is the Sanctuary?
... Chapter 23 What is the Sanctuary? The scripture which above all others
had been both the foundation and the central pillar of the ...
//christianbookshelf.org/white/the great controversy/chapter 23 what is the.htm

In Sanctuary
... BOOK II CHAPTER XXVII IN SANCTUARY. Illatas Consul poenas, se consule, solvit... ...
Eutropius?' exclaimed Chrysostom in amazement. 'He has fled to sanctuary? ...
/.../chapter xxvii in sanctuary.htm

The Border of his Sanctuary
... The Border of His Sanctuary. GW Isaiah 33:17. Glorious and solemn hour,. Thus at
last to stand,. All behind us the great desert,. All before, the land! ...
/.../bevan/hymns of ter steegen suso and others/the border of his sanctuary.htm

LM Heber. The Sanctuary.
... I. PUBLIC WORSHIP. 6. LM Heber. The Sanctuary. 1 Forth from the dark and
stormy sky, Lord, to Thine altar's shade we fly; Forth ...
/.../various/book of hymns for public and private devotion/6 l m heber the.htm

Sabbath Worship in the Sanctuary.
... ORIGINAL HYMNS HYMN CII. Sabbath worship in the Sanctuary. 8.8.8.8 James Montgomery.
Sabbath worship in the Sanctuary. Again, on this rejoicing day,. ...
/.../montgomery/sacred poems and hymns/hymn cii sabbath worship in.htm

God Present in the Sanctuary.
... 31. " God present in the Sanctuary. 31. CM Watts. God present in the Sanctuary.
1 My Soul, how lovely is the place To which thy God resorts! ...
/.../adams/hymns for christian devotion/31 god present in.htm

July the Twenty-First Purifying the Sanctuary
... JULY The Twenty-first PURIFYING THE SANCTUARY. 2 CHRONICLES xxix.1-11, 15-19. ... The
condition of the sanctuary is reflected in the state of the empire. ...
/.../july the twenty-first purifying the.htm

These Facts Set Forth in Sanctuary we have Put Forward...
... Book I. 47 These facts set forth in sanctuary we have put forward� These
facts set forth in sanctuary we have put forward, not ...
/.../the seven books of arnobius against the heathen/47 these facts set forth.htm

July the Twenty-Fourth Love of the Sanctuary
... JULY The Twenty-fourth LOVE OF THE SANCTUARY. ... When we carry about the spirit of the
sanctuary, we convert every spot into rich and hallowed ground. ...
/.../my daily meditation for the circling year/july the twenty-fourth love of.htm

Subtopics

Sanctuary

Sanctuary in the Charge of High Priest

Sanctuary in the Tabernacle

Sanctuary: Divine Dwelling Place

Sanctuary: Figurative

Sanctuary: Reverence For

Sanctuary: Symbolical

Sanctuary: The Holy Place in the Temple

Related Terms

Sanctuary's (1 Occurrence)

Weighing (39 Occurrences)