Again the Israelites did evil
This phrase indicates a recurring cycle of disobedience among the Israelites. The Hebrew word for "again" (יָסַף, yasaph) suggests a repeated action, highlighting the Israelites' persistent return to sin despite previous deliverances. This cycle of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance is a central theme in the Book of Judges. It serves as a reminder of human frailty and the tendency to fall back into old patterns without genuine transformation and reliance on God.

in the sight of the LORD
The phrase underscores the omniscience of God, who sees all actions and intentions. The Hebrew word for "sight" (עֵינַיִם, enayim) literally means "eyes," emphasizing that nothing is hidden from God. This serves as a sobering reminder that all actions, whether public or private, are visible to God and subject to His righteous judgment. It calls believers to live with integrity and accountability before God.

so He delivered them
The Hebrew verb for "delivered" (נָתַן, nathan) can also mean "gave" or "handed over." This indicates a deliberate act of God allowing the Israelites to face the consequences of their actions. It reflects God's justice and His desire for His people to recognize their need for Him. This act of delivering them into the hands of their enemies is both punitive and redemptive, intended to bring about repentance and restoration.

into the hand of Midian
The "hand" (יָד, yad) symbolizes power and control. The Midianites were a nomadic people who oppressed Israel, as described in the subsequent verses. Historically, the Midianites were descendants of Abraham through Keturah, and their oppression of Israel is a fulfillment of the consequences of Israel's disobedience. This serves as a reminder of the tangible consequences of turning away from God and the reality of spiritual warfare.

for seven years
The number "seven" (שֶׁבַע, sheva) in Hebrew often symbolizes completeness or perfection. In this context, it indicates a complete period of oppression, sufficient to bring the Israelites to a point of desperation and repentance. Theologically, it suggests that God's timing is perfect, and His discipline is measured and purposeful, aimed at bringing His people back to Himself. This period of seven years serves as a divine pause, allowing the Israelites to reflect on their actions and turn back to God.

The hand of Midian
The phrase "the hand of Midian" signifies the power and control that the Midianites exerted over Israel. In Hebrew, "hand" (יָד, yad) often symbolizes strength or power. Historically, the Midianites were a nomadic people who frequently raided Israel, as seen in the broader narrative of Judges. This oppression was a direct consequence of Israel's disobedience to God, serving as a divine instrument of discipline. Theologically, it reminds us of the sovereignty of God, who uses even adversaries to fulfill His purposes and bring His people back to repentance.

prevailed against Israel
The term "prevailed" indicates dominance and victory. In the context of Judges, this reflects a period of severe oppression where the Israelites were subjugated and impoverished. The Hebrew root for "prevailed" (חָזַק, chazaq) conveys the idea of being strong or firm. This historical period was marked by Israel's spiritual decline, and the Midianite oppression was a consequence of their idolatry and abandonment of God's covenant. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and the need for national and personal repentance.

because of Midian
This phrase highlights the direct cause of Israel's distress. The Midianites were relentless in their raids, which led to widespread fear and insecurity among the Israelites. Historically, the Midianites' tactics included destroying crops and livestock, which devastated Israel's economy and sustenance. This situation underscores the vulnerability of a nation that has strayed from God's protection and the importance of seeking His guidance and deliverance.

the Israelites made for themselves the dens in the mountains
The Israelites' response to the Midianite threat was to seek refuge in "dens in the mountains." The Hebrew word for "dens" (מְעָרוֹת, me'arot) suggests hiding places or shelters. This reflects a time of desperation and survival, where the Israelites were forced to abandon their homes and live in seclusion. Archaeologically, evidence of such hideouts has been found, indicating the historical reality of these events. Spiritually, this act of hiding symbolizes the loss of freedom and peace that comes from disobedience to God.

the caves
The use of "caves" further emphasizes the extent of Israel's plight. Caves (מְעָרוֹת, me'arot) were natural refuges, offering protection from enemies. In biblical symbolism, caves often represent places of refuge or encounter with God, as seen in the accounts of David and Elijah. However, in this context, they signify the dire circumstances and fear that gripped Israel. This imagery calls believers to reflect on the spiritual caves we might retreat to when faced with the consequences of sin, and the need to seek God's deliverance.

and the strongholds
The term "strongholds" (מִצְדוֹת, mitzadot) refers to fortified places of defense. These were likely makeshift fortifications constructed to withstand Midianite attacks. Historically, such strongholds were essential for survival during times of conflict. Spiritually, this highlights the human tendency to rely on physical defenses rather than seeking God's protection. It serves as a reminder that true security and strength come from trusting in the Lord, who is our ultimate stronghold and refuge.

Whenever the Israelites planted crops
This phrase sets the stage for the cyclical oppression faced by the Israelites during the time of the Judges. The act of planting crops signifies a period of hope and expectation for sustenance and prosperity. In the Hebrew context, agriculture was central to life and survival, and planting was an act of faith in God's provision. The Israelites' agricultural efforts were continually thwarted, symbolizing the spiritual and physical oppression they faced due to their disobedience to God. This reflects the broader biblical theme of sowing and reaping, where spiritual disobedience leads to physical and spiritual consequences.

the Midianites
The Midianites were descendants of Midian, a son of Abraham by Keturah (Genesis 25:1-2). Historically, they were a nomadic people known for their camels and trade routes. In the context of Judges, the Midianites represent a recurring threat to Israel, often used by God as instruments of judgment against His people for their idolatry and disobedience. Their oppression of Israel is a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and the need for repentance and deliverance.

Amalekites
The Amalekites were a perennial enemy of Israel, first encountered during the Exodus (Exodus 17:8-16). They were descendants of Esau and are often depicted as a symbol of evil and opposition to God's people. The Amalekites' involvement in the oppression of Israel in Judges 6 highlights the persistent nature of spiritual warfare and the need for vigilance and reliance on God for victory. Their presence in the narrative underscores the ongoing struggle between the forces of God and those opposed to His purposes.

and other eastern peoples
This phrase broadens the scope of the oppressors, indicating that the threat to Israel was not limited to a single group but was a coalition of various tribes and peoples from the east. This reflects the historical reality of the ancient Near East, where tribal alliances were common. Spiritually, it signifies the multitude of challenges and temptations that can beset God's people when they stray from His commandments. It serves as a reminder of the need for unity and faithfulness to God in the face of diverse and numerous adversities.

invaded the country
The act of invasion implies a forceful and hostile takeover, disrupting the peace and security of the land. In the Hebrew context, the land was a gift from God, a place of rest and blessing. The repeated invasions by foreign powers symbolize the loss of divine protection due to Israel's unfaithfulness. This phrase calls believers to reflect on the importance of spiritual vigilance and the consequences of allowing sin to invade and disrupt one's life. It also points to the hope of deliverance and restoration through repentance and turning back to God.

encamped against them
The Hebrew root for "encamped" is "חָנָה" (chanah), which means to pitch a tent or settle down. This term is often used in military contexts, indicating a strategic positioning of forces. The Midianites, along with the Amalekites and other eastern peoples, were not merely passing through; they were intentionally setting up a prolonged presence to oppress Israel. This reflects a calculated effort to dominate and subdue the Israelites, highlighting the severity of Israel's plight during this period of the Judges.

destroyed the produce of the land
The word "destroyed" comes from the Hebrew "שָׁחַת" (shachat), meaning to ruin or corrupt. The Midianites' actions were not just about taking resources but annihilating the means of Israel's sustenance. This destruction of produce symbolizes a deeper spiritual desolation, as Israel's disobedience to God led to physical and spiritual barrenness. The land, which was supposed to be a blessing, became a source of hardship due to their turning away from God.

as far as Gaza
Gaza, located in the southwestern part of Israel, was a significant Philistine city. The mention of Gaza indicates the extensive reach of the Midianite oppression, spanning a vast area of the Promised Land. This geographical reference underscores the totality of the devastation and the helplessness of Israel, as their enemies controlled the land from the east to the west.

they left no sustenance in Israel
"Sustenance" in Hebrew is "מִחְיָה" (michyah), which refers to food or means of life. The Midianites' actions left Israel without the basic necessities for survival. This phrase highlights the dire situation faced by the Israelites, who were left in a state of desperation and dependency. It serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's provision and protection.

neither sheep nor cattle nor donkeys
The specific mention of "sheep," "cattle," and "donkeys" emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the Midianite plundering. These animals were crucial for agriculture, transportation, and daily life. The loss of livestock not only affected Israel's economy but also their ability to recover and sustain themselves. This detail illustrates the thoroughness of the enemy's oppression and the depth of Israel's suffering, pointing to the need for divine intervention and deliverance.

For the Midianites came
The Midianites were descendants of Midian, a son of Abraham by Keturah (Genesis 25:1-2). Historically, they were a nomadic people known for their trade and raids. In the context of Judges, they represent a recurring threat to Israel, symbolizing the consequences of Israel's disobedience to God. Their coming signifies a period of oppression and serves as a divine instrument to bring Israel back to repentance.

with their livestock and their tents
This phrase highlights the nomadic lifestyle of the Midianites. Their livestock and tents indicate a mobile society, capable of moving quickly and efficiently. The presence of livestock suggests wealth and sustenance, while tents imply temporary settlements, emphasizing their transient nature. This mobility allowed them to invade and exploit the resources of the Israelites effectively.

like a great swarm of locusts
The comparison to locusts is significant in the biblical context. Locusts are often used as a metaphor for destruction and overwhelming numbers (Exodus 10:12-15, Joel 1:4). This imagery conveys the vastness and destructiveness of the Midianite invasion, overwhelming the land and stripping it of its resources, leaving nothing behind for the Israelites.

They and their camels were innumerable
Camels were a relatively new addition to warfare and trade during this period, giving the Midianites a strategic advantage. The mention of camels underscores the scale and modernity of the Midianite forces. The term "innumerable" emphasizes the overwhelming odds faced by the Israelites, highlighting their helplessness without divine intervention.

they entered the land to lay waste to it
This phrase captures the intent and impact of the Midianite invasion. Their goal was not merely to conquer but to devastate, leaving the land barren and the people impoverished. This destruction serves as a physical manifestation of the spiritual desolation that occurs when God's people turn away from Him. It sets the stage for the need for deliverance and the rise of Gideon as a judge to restore Israel.

Israel was greatly impoverished
The Hebrew root for "impoverished" is "dalal," which conveys a sense of being brought low or weakened. Historically, the Midianites were a nomadic people who oppressed Israel by raiding their crops and livestock, leaving the Israelites destitute. This phrase highlights the severe economic and social distress that Israel faced due to their disobedience to God. Theologically, it serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's commandments, emphasizing the need for reliance on Him for sustenance and protection.

by Midian
The Midianites were descendants of Abraham through Keturah, as noted in Genesis 25:1-2. They were often in conflict with Israel, and their oppression in this context is a direct result of Israel's disobedience. The Midianites' raids were not just military actions but also spiritual tests, as God allowed them to oppress Israel to bring His people back to repentance. This phrase underscores the cyclical nature of Israel's sin and redemption, a theme prevalent throughout the Book of Judges.

and the Israelites cried out
The Hebrew word for "cried out" is "za'aq," which implies a deep, desperate plea for help. This cry is not merely a call for relief from physical suffering but a spiritual awakening and acknowledgment of their need for God. Throughout the Old Testament, such cries often precede divine intervention, illustrating God's readiness to respond to genuine repentance and faith. This phrase encourages believers to turn to God in times of distress, trusting in His mercy and willingness to deliver.

to the LORD
The use of "LORD" in all capital letters signifies the covenant name of God, Yahweh, emphasizing His eternal, unchanging nature and His special relationship with Israel. This covenant relationship is central to understanding Israel's history and God's faithfulness despite their repeated unfaithfulness. By crying out to Yahweh, the Israelites are not just seeking relief but are returning to the God of their fathers, acknowledging His sovereignty and their dependence on Him. This phrase serves as a powerful reminder of the importance of maintaining a covenant relationship with God, rooted in faith and obedience.

Now when the Israelites cried out
The phrase "cried out" in Hebrew is "זָעַק" (za'aq), which conveys a deep, desperate plea for help. This is not a mere request but a heartfelt cry from a people in distress. Historically, the Israelites often found themselves in cycles of sin, oppression, repentance, and deliverance. This cry signifies a turning point, where the Israelites acknowledge their helplessness and seek divine intervention. It reflects the human condition of reaching out to God in times of dire need, recognizing that only He can provide true deliverance.

to the LORD
The term "LORD" here is "יהוה" (YHWH), the sacred name of God, often rendered as Yahweh. This name emphasizes God's eternal, self-existent nature and His covenant relationship with Israel. By crying out to Yahweh, the Israelites are appealing to the God of their ancestors, the One who delivered them from Egypt and established them as His chosen people. This invocation of the LORD's name is a reminder of His faithfulness and the covenant promises He made to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. It underscores the importance of returning to God in repentance and faith, trusting in His unchanging character.

because of Midian
The Midianites were a nomadic people who oppressed Israel during this period. Historically, they were descendants of Abraham through Keturah, and their relationship with Israel was complex, involving both conflict and cooperation at different times. In this context, Midian represents the consequences of Israel's disobedience to God. The oppression by Midian is a direct result of Israel's idolatry and turning away from the LORD. This serves as a powerful reminder of the spiritual principle that turning away from God leads to bondage, while turning back to Him brings freedom and restoration. The mention of Midian highlights the need for Israel to rely on God's strength rather than their own, as He alone can deliver them from their enemies.

the LORD sent a prophet
In this phrase, "the LORD" refers to Yahweh, the covenant-keeping God of Israel. The sending of a prophet signifies God's direct intervention in the affairs of His people. Prophets in the Old Testament were God's mouthpieces, delivering His messages to guide, correct, and encourage His people. The Hebrew word for "prophet" is "nabi," which means one who is called or one who announces. This highlights the divine authority and purpose behind the prophet's message. Historically, prophets were raised during times of spiritual decline to call Israel back to faithfulness.

to the Israelites
The term "Israelites" refers to the descendants of Jacob, also known as Israel. This nation was chosen by God to be His people, set apart to demonstrate His character and purposes to the world. At this point in the Book of Judges, the Israelites were suffering under Midianite oppression due to their disobedience and idolatry. The sending of a prophet to them underscores God's enduring commitment to His covenant people, even when they stray.

He said
This phrase introduces the direct message from God through the prophet. The authority of the message is not in the prophet himself but in the fact that it is God who speaks. The Hebrew verb "amar" is used here, which is a common term for speaking or saying, emphasizing the clarity and directness of God's communication. This reflects the personal nature of God, who desires to communicate with His people.

This is what the LORD, the God of Israel, says
This declaration establishes the divine origin of the message. "The LORD, the God of Israel" is a reminder of God's unique relationship with Israel, rooted in the covenant made with their forefathers. It is a call to remember their identity and the faithfulness of God. The phrase serves as a preamble to the prophetic message, ensuring that the audience understands the gravity and authority of what follows.

I brought you up out of Egypt
This statement recalls the Exodus, a foundational event in Israel's history where God delivered them from slavery in Egypt. The Hebrew verb "brought up" (עלה, 'alah) conveys the idea of elevation or ascent, symbolizing not just physical deliverance but also spiritual elevation. This reminder serves to contrast God's past faithfulness with Israel's current unfaithfulness, highlighting their need for repentance and return to the God who saves.

I delivered you
This phrase emphasizes God's active role in the salvation of Israel. The Hebrew root for "delivered" is "yasha," which means to save or rescue. This word is foundational in understanding God's relationship with Israel throughout the Old Testament. It is a reminder of God's faithfulness and His power to save His people from their enemies. Historically, this deliverance is a recurring theme, as God repeatedly rescues Israel from oppression, demonstrating His sovereignty and mercy.

from the hands of the Egyptians
This reference to the Egyptians serves as a reminder of the Exodus, the pivotal event in Israel's history where God liberated them from slavery. The "hands" symbolize power and control, indicating that the Egyptians had a strong grip over the Israelites. The mention of Egypt here is significant because it recalls God's mighty acts and His covenant faithfulness. It serves as a reminder to the Israelites of God's past deliverance, encouraging them to trust in His continued protection and provision.

and from the hand of all who oppressed you
This phrase extends the scope of God's deliverance beyond Egypt to include all oppressors. The Hebrew word for "oppressed" is "lachats," which conveys the idea of pressure or distress. This highlights the various nations and peoples who have sought to subjugate Israel throughout their history. It underscores God's comprehensive protection over His people, not just from a single enemy but from all who seek to harm them. This assurance of deliverance is a testament to God's enduring commitment to His covenant people.

I drove them out before you
The phrase "drove them out" indicates God's active intervention in clearing the land for the Israelites. The Hebrew root "garash" means to expel or cast out, signifying a forceful removal of the enemies. This action demonstrates God's authority and power in fulfilling His promises to Israel. It also serves as a reminder of the conquest of Canaan, where God enabled the Israelites to take possession of the land He had promised to their forefathers. This historical context reinforces the idea of God's faithfulness and His role as the divine warrior on behalf of His people.

and gave you their land
This final phrase highlights the gift of the Promised Land to the Israelites. The act of giving is significant, as it underscores the unmerited favor and grace of God. The land is not something the Israelites earned by their own strength but was a divine inheritance. The Hebrew word "natan," meaning to give, reflects God's generosity and the fulfillment of His covenant promises. This gift of land is central to Israel's identity and serves as a tangible sign of God's blessing and faithfulness. It is a call for the Israelites to remember their dependence on God and to live in obedience to His commands.

And I said to you
This phrase indicates a direct communication from God to the Israelites. The Hebrew root for "said" is "אָמַר" (amar), which is often used in the Old Testament to denote divine speech. This emphasizes the authority and personal nature of God's message. Historically, this reflects the covenant relationship where God speaks directly to His people, guiding and instructing them.

I am the LORD your God
The declaration "I am the LORD" uses the Hebrew "YHWH," the sacred name of God, which signifies His eternal, self-existent nature. This phrase is a reminder of the covenant established at Sinai, where God declared Himself as the God of Israel, setting them apart from other nations. It underscores His sovereignty and the exclusive worship He demands.

You must not worship the gods of the Amorites
The command against worshiping "the gods of the Amorites" highlights the cultural and spiritual conflict between the Israelites and the surrounding nations. The Amorites were one of the Canaanite tribes whose idolatrous practices were abominable to God. The Hebrew word for "worship" is "עָבַד" (avad), meaning to serve or work for, indicating that worship involves allegiance and service. This command is rooted in the first commandment, emphasizing monotheism and the rejection of idolatry.

in whose land you dwell
This phrase acknowledges the physical reality of the Israelites living in a land filled with pagan influences. The Hebrew word for "dwell" is "יָשַׁב" (yashab), meaning to sit, remain, or inhabit. It reflects the tension of living in a land that is not yet fully aligned with God's purposes, a call to spiritual vigilance and faithfulness amidst external pressures.

But you have not obeyed Me.”
The phrase "you have not obeyed" uses the Hebrew "שָׁמַע" (shama), which means to hear or listen, often implying obedience. This is a lament over Israel's failure to heed God's commands, highlighting the recurring theme of disobedience in the book of Judges. It serves as a reminder of the consequences of straying from God's covenant and the need for repentance and return to faithfulness.

Then the angel of the LORD
The phrase "angel of the LORD" is significant in the Old Testament, often indicating a theophany, or a visible manifestation of God Himself. The Hebrew word for "angel" is "mal'ak," which means "messenger." In this context, it suggests a divine messenger with a special commission. The presence of the angel signifies God's direct intervention in the affairs of Israel, highlighting His concern and readiness to deliver His people from oppression.

came and sat down
The action of sitting down underlines the angel's intention to engage in a significant encounter. In ancient Near Eastern culture, sitting was often associated with teaching or delivering an important message. This posture indicates a moment of divine revelation and instruction, preparing Gideon for his calling.

under the oak in Ophrah
The oak tree, or "elon" in Hebrew, is often a symbol of strength and endurance. Oaks were common sites for significant events and divine encounters in the Bible. Ophrah, a town in the territory of Manasseh, becomes a place of divine visitation. This setting emphasizes the sacredness of the encounter and the transformation about to occur in Gideon's life.

that belonged to Joash the Abiezrite
Joash, Gideon's father, is identified as an Abiezrite, a clan within the tribe of Manasseh. This detail roots the narrative in a specific historical and familial context, emphasizing the personal nature of God's call. The Abiezrites were part of the larger Israelite community suffering under Midianite oppression, making Gideon's call to deliverance deeply personal and communal.

where his son Gideon
Gideon, whose name means "hewer" or "one who cuts down," is introduced as the central figure in this narrative. His name foreshadows his role in cutting down the oppression of the Midianites. Gideon's initial appearance in the account is humble, yet it sets the stage for his transformation into a mighty warrior under God's guidance.

was threshing wheat in a winepress
Threshing wheat in a winepress is an unusual and inefficient method, highlighting the desperate circumstances. Normally, wheat was threshed in open spaces to allow the wind to separate the chaff. The winepress, typically a sunken area, was used to hide from the Midianites, illustrating the fear and oppression experienced by the Israelites.

to hide it from the Midianites
The Midianites were a nomadic people who oppressed Israel during this period, as described earlier in Judges 6. Their raids left Israel impoverished and fearful. Gideon's actions reflect the dire situation and the need for divine intervention. This context sets the stage for God's deliverance through Gideon, emphasizing His power to save even in the most desperate circumstances.

When the angel of the LORD appeared to Gideon
This phrase introduces a divine encounter, emphasizing the significance of the "angel of the LORD" in the Old Testament. The Hebrew term for "angel" is "mal'ak," which can mean messenger. In many instances, this figure is understood to be a theophany, a visible manifestation of God Himself. The presence of the angel signifies God's direct intervention in Israel's plight. Historically, this period was marked by oppression from the Midianites, and God's appearance to Gideon underscores His commitment to deliver His people.

he said
The act of speaking here is crucial. In biblical narratives, divine speech often initiates change or action. The Hebrew verb "amar" is used, which is a common term for speaking but carries the weight of authority and intention when used by God or His messengers. This sets the stage for a transformative message that will alter Gideon's life and the course of Israel's history.

The LORD is with you
This declaration is both a reassurance and a commissioning. The phrase "The LORD" in Hebrew is "YHWH," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal presence and faithfulness. The assurance of God's presence is a recurring theme in Scripture, often given to those called to daunting tasks. It echoes God's promises to patriarchs like Abraham and leaders like Moses, reinforcing the idea that divine presence equates to divine support and empowerment.

O mighty warrior
The term "mighty warrior" is translated from the Hebrew "gibbor chayil," which can mean a valiant or strong man. This is an ironic and prophetic statement, as Gideon is initially portrayed as timid and doubtful. The angel's words reveal God's perspective, seeing Gideon not as he is, but as he will become through divine empowerment. This highlights a biblical principle: God often calls individuals based on their potential in Him, not their current circumstances or self-perception.

Pardon me, my lord
Gideon's response begins with a polite address, "Pardon me, my lord," which reflects a tone of humility and respect. The Hebrew word for "lord" here is "adonai," often used to denote respect for someone of higher status. This phrase sets the stage for Gideon's honest and heartfelt questioning, showing his reverence even in doubt.

Gideon replied
The mention of Gideon by name is significant. Gideon, whose name means "hewer" or "one who cuts down," is a central figure in this narrative. His reply is not just a personal response but represents the collective cry of Israel. Historically, Gideon is seen as a judge and deliverer, chosen by God to lead Israel out of oppression.

but if the LORD is with us
This phrase introduces Gideon's doubt and confusion. The Hebrew word for "LORD" is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal presence and faithfulness. Gideon's question reflects a common human struggle to reconcile God's promises with present circumstances.

why has all this happened to us?
Gideon's question is a lament, echoing the cries of many throughout biblical history. The Israelites were suffering under Midianite oppression, and Gideon's question reflects a deep theological inquiry into the nature of suffering and divine presence. It challenges the reader to consider the mystery of God's ways and timing.

And where are all His wonders
Gideon refers to the miraculous acts of God, "His wonders," which are central to Israel's identity and history. The Hebrew word "pala" denotes extraordinary acts that reveal God's power and presence. This phrase underscores a longing for the tangible evidence of God's intervention, as experienced by previous generations.

of which our fathers told us
This phrase highlights the importance of oral tradition in Israelite culture. The accounts of God's past deliverance were passed down through generations, forming a collective memory and identity. Gideon's reference to "our fathers" connects him to the broader narrative of God's people and their history.

saying, 'Has not the LORD brought us up out of Egypt?'
Gideon recalls the foundational event of the Exodus, a defining moment of liberation and divine intervention. The phrase "brought us up out of Egypt" is a reminder of God's power and faithfulness. It serves as a benchmark for God's ability to save, making the current situation even more perplexing for Gideon.

But now the LORD has forsaken us
This statement reflects a deep sense of abandonment. The Hebrew word "azab" means to leave or forsake, and it captures the despair of feeling deserted by God. Gideon's words express a crisis of faith, a struggle to understand God's presence in the midst of suffering.

and delivered us into the hand of Midian
The phrase "delivered us into the hand of Midian" acknowledges the reality of Israel's oppression. The term "delivered" in Hebrew is "natan," meaning to give or hand over. This reflects the theological understanding that God, in His sovereignty, allowed this situation as a consequence of Israel's disobedience, yet it also sets the stage for divine deliverance through Gideon.

The LORD turned to him and said
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the narrative, where divine attention is directly focused on Gideon. The Hebrew word for "turned" is "פָּנָה" (panah), which implies a turning of one's face or attention. This signifies a personal and intimate encounter with God, emphasizing His active involvement in the lives of His people. Historically, this reflects the theophany experiences common in the Old Testament, where God personally engages with individuals to initiate His plans.

“Go in the strength you have
The directive "Go" is a command that initiates action, reflecting God's call to obedience and faith. The Hebrew word "לֵךְ" (lek) is often used in commissioning contexts, indicating a divine mandate. "Strength" here is "כֹּחַ" (koach), which can mean physical strength, capacity, or ability. This phrase suggests that God acknowledges Gideon's current capabilities, however limited they may seem, and calls him to act within them. It underscores the biblical principle that God equips those He calls, often using what they already possess.

and deliver Israel from the hand of Midian
The word "deliver" is "הוֹשִׁיעַ" (hoshia), which is related to salvation and rescue. This is a recurring theme in the Book of Judges, where God raises deliverers to save Israel from oppression. The "hand of Midian" refers to the oppressive control and dominance the Midianites had over Israel at the time. Historically, the Midianites were a nomadic people who frequently raided Israel, leading to a period of severe hardship. This context highlights the cyclical nature of Israel's disobedience and God's redemptive intervention.

Am I not sending you?”
This rhetorical question emphasizes divine authority and assurance. The phrase "Am I not" in Hebrew is "הֲלֹא אָנֹכִי" (halo anokhi), which serves to affirm God's direct involvement and commissioning. The word "sending" is "שָׁלַח" (shalach), a term often used in the context of divine missions. This underscores the concept of divine calling and purpose, where God not only commands but also empowers and accompanies those He sends. It reassures Gideon—and the reader—that God's presence and authority back the mission, providing confidence and courage to undertake seemingly insurmountable tasks.

But Gideon replied
This phrase introduces Gideon's response to the divine call. The name "Gideon" means "hewer" or "one who cuts down," which is prophetic of his future role in cutting down the enemies of Israel. His reply is a common human reaction of doubt and humility when faced with a divine mission. Historically, Gideon lived during a time of great oppression by the Midianites, which contextualizes his hesitance and lack of confidence.

Please, Lord
The Hebrew word for "Lord" here is "Adonai," a term that denotes respect and recognition of authority. Gideon's use of "please" indicates a polite and humble approach, acknowledging the divine presence and authority of the angel of the Lord. This reflects a cultural and religious understanding of addressing God with reverence.

how can I save Israel?
This question reveals Gideon's doubt and sense of inadequacy. The Hebrew root for "save" is "yasha," which means to deliver or rescue. Gideon's question is not just about his personal ability but reflects a broader concern about the possibility of deliverance for Israel, a nation suffering under Midianite oppression. This reflects a common biblical theme where God chooses unlikely individuals to fulfill His purposes, emphasizing divine power over human ability.

Indeed, my clan is the weakest in Manasseh
The term "clan" refers to a family group within a tribe, and "Manasseh" is one of the tribes of Israel, descended from Joseph's son. Historically, Manasseh was not the most prominent tribe, and Gideon's specific family was considered the least within it. This statement underscores the theme of God using the weak and humble to achieve His purposes, a recurring motif in Scripture that highlights God's sovereignty and grace.

and I am the youngest in my father’s house
In ancient Near Eastern culture, the youngest son typically held the least authority and responsibility within a family. Gideon's self-identification as the youngest emphasizes his perceived insignificance and unworthiness for the task. This mirrors other biblical narratives where God chooses the younger or less likely candidate, such as David, to fulfill His plans, reinforcing the idea that God's choices are not bound by human expectations or social hierarchies.

The LORD answered
This phrase emphasizes the direct communication from God to Gideon. In Hebrew, "Yahweh" is used, which is the personal name of God, signifying His eternal presence and covenant faithfulness. This divine assurance is crucial, as it highlights God's active role in the deliverance of Israel. Historically, the Israelites were under Midianite oppression, and God's intervention is a reminder of His sovereignty and commitment to His people.

I will surely be with you
The promise of God's presence is a recurring theme throughout Scripture, often given to leaders and prophets. The Hebrew phrase here is "Ehyeh immak," which echoes God's assurance to Moses in Exodus 3:12. This promise is foundational for Gideon's mission, as it shifts the focus from Gideon's perceived inadequacies to God's sufficiency. It is a powerful reminder that success in God's work is not dependent on human strength but on divine presence.

and you will strike down
The phrase indicates a future action that Gideon will undertake with God's empowerment. The Hebrew verb "nakah" means to strike or smite, often used in military contexts. This reflects the certainty of victory that God is promising. Archaeologically, the Midianites were known for their nomadic lifestyle and raids, making them formidable opponents. Yet, God's promise assures Gideon of triumph over them.

all the Midianites
The Midianites were descendants of Abraham through Keturah, and they had become oppressors of Israel during this period. Historically, they were known for their camels and swift raids, which devastated the Israelites' agriculture. God's promise to Gideon to defeat "all" the Midianites signifies a complete and total victory, underscoring the comprehensive nature of God's deliverance.

leaving none alive
This phrase underscores the totality of the victory that God promises. In the context of ancient warfare, this was a common expression of complete conquest. It signifies not just a military victory but the end of Midianite oppression over Israel. Scripturally, it reflects the idea of divine justice and the fulfillment of God's promises to protect and deliver His people from their enemies.

Gideon replied
The name "Gideon" means "hewer" or "one who cuts down," which is fitting given his role in cutting down the altars of Baal. His reply indicates a direct communication with the divine, a privilege and responsibility that marks him as a chosen leader. In the context of Israel's oppression by the Midianites, Gideon's response is both a personal and national turning point, reflecting the beginning of deliverance.

If I have found favor
The phrase "found favor" is a common biblical expression denoting grace or approval from God. In Hebrew, the word for "favor" is "chen," which implies a gracious acceptance. Gideon's request for favor is a humble acknowledgment of his need for divine approval and support, recognizing that any success against the Midianites must come from God's strength, not his own.

in Your sight
This phrase emphasizes the personal relationship between Gideon and God. The Hebrew word for "sight" is "ayin," meaning "eye." It suggests that Gideon is seeking God's attentive presence and approval. In a broader sense, it reflects the biblical theme of living coram Deo, before the face of God, where one's actions and heart are laid bare before the divine gaze.

give me a sign
The request for a sign is a recurring theme in Scripture, often associated with seeking confirmation of God's will or presence. In the Hebrew context, a "sign" (Hebrew: "oth") serves as a tangible assurance of God's promises. Gideon's request is not born out of disbelief but a desire for certainty in his divine mission, reflecting a common human need for reassurance when faced with daunting tasks.

that it is You speaking with me
This phrase underscores the importance of discerning God's voice amidst the noise of life. The Hebrew word for "speaking" is "dabar," which conveys not just words but the power and authority behind them. Gideon's need for confirmation highlights the weight of his calling and the necessity of ensuring that his actions align with God's will. It serves as a reminder of the importance of seeking divine guidance and confirmation in our own lives, especially when faced with significant decisions or challenges.

Please do not depart
This phrase reflects Gideon's earnest plea for the presence of the divine messenger to remain. The Hebrew root for "depart" is "סוּר" (sur), which means to turn aside or leave. In the context of ancient Israel, the presence of God or His messenger was a profound assurance of divine favor and guidance. Gideon's request underscores his desire for confirmation and assurance from God, a common theme in the lives of the faithful who seek God's presence in times of uncertainty.

from this place
The phrase indicates a specific location where Gideon encountered the angel of the LORD. In the historical and archaeological context, this place is Ophrah, in the territory of the tribe of Manasseh. It is significant as a setting for divine encounters, emphasizing that God meets His people in their ordinary circumstances, transforming them into sacred spaces.

until I return to You
Gideon's intention to return signifies his commitment and faithfulness. The Hebrew word "שׁוּב" (shuv) means to return or come back. This reflects a covenantal relationship where Gideon acknowledges the importance of completing his act of worship and obedience. It is a reminder of the believer's call to return to God continually, seeking His presence and approval.

Let me bring my offering
The offering here is a sign of worship and reverence. The Hebrew word "מִנְחָה" (minchah) refers to a gift or tribute, often a grain offering, but in this context, it likely includes a sacrificial meal. This act of bringing an offering is deeply rooted in the tradition of expressing gratitude and seeking favor from God, highlighting the importance of sacrificial worship in the believer's life.

and set it before You
To set an offering before the LORD is an act of dedication and submission. The Hebrew verb "שׂוּם" (sum) means to place or set. This action symbolizes the surrender of one's best to God, acknowledging His sovereignty and grace. It is a powerful reminder of the believer's call to lay their lives before God as a living sacrifice.

And the LORD said
This phrase introduces the divine response, emphasizing the personal and relational nature of God. The use of "LORD" (יהוה, Yahweh) signifies the covenant name of God, highlighting His faithfulness and commitment to His people. It reassures believers of God's attentiveness and willingness to engage with those who seek Him earnestly.

I will stay until you return
God's promise to stay reflects His patience and willingness to accommodate Gideon's request. The Hebrew word "יָשַׁב" (yashav) means to sit, dwell, or remain. This assurance from God is a profound expression of His grace and willingness to meet His people where they are, providing them with the time and space needed to fulfill their acts of worship and obedience. It is an encouragement to believers that God is patient and ever-present, waiting for them to return to Him with their offerings of faith and devotion.

So Gideon went in
The phrase indicates Gideon's immediate obedience and willingness to serve. The Hebrew root for "went in" (בּוֹא, bo) often implies entering into a significant action or event. Gideon's action here is a step of faith, as he prepares to meet the divine messenger. This reflects a heart ready to respond to God's call, a theme prevalent throughout the Bible where God calls individuals to step out in faith.

prepared a young goat
The preparation of a young goat signifies a sacrificial offering, a common practice in ancient Israelite worship. The Hebrew word for "prepared" (עָשָׂה, asah) suggests careful and intentional action. This act of preparation is not just physical but spiritual, symbolizing Gideon's readiness to honor God. The young goat, a valuable asset, represents a significant offering, showing Gideon's reverence and commitment.

and unleavened bread
Unleavened bread, or matzah, is bread made without yeast, symbolizing purity and the absence of sin. In the Hebrew tradition, unleavened bread is associated with the Passover, a reminder of God's deliverance. The use of unleavened bread here underscores the sacredness of the offering and Gideon's desire to present something pure and holy before the Lord.

from an ephah of flour
An ephah is a substantial measure, approximately 22 liters or about half a bushel. This indicates the abundance and generosity of Gideon's offering. The Hebrew term for "ephah" (אֵיפָה, eyphah) reflects a standard measure used in trade and offerings, emphasizing the importance of giving God our best and most generous portion.

He placed the meat in a basket
The act of placing the meat in a basket suggests order and care in presenting the offering. The basket (סַל, sal) in Hebrew culture was a common vessel for carrying food, symbolizing provision and sustenance. This detail highlights the thoughtful preparation and presentation of the offering, reflecting Gideon's respect and devotion.

and the broth in a pot
The broth, placed in a pot, complements the meat, indicating a complete and thoughtful offering. The Hebrew word for "pot" (פָּרוּר, parur) suggests a vessel used for cooking or serving, emphasizing the hospitality and completeness of Gideon's offering. This act of bringing both solid and liquid elements signifies a holistic approach to worship and sacrifice.

brought them out
Gideon's action of bringing the offerings out signifies a public declaration of faith and obedience. The Hebrew root (יָצָא, yatsa) for "brought out" often implies going forth with purpose. This act of bringing the offering to the divine messenger underlines Gideon's readiness to act upon his faith and trust in God's presence.

and offered them to Him
The offering to "Him" refers to the Angel of the Lord, a theophany or manifestation of God. The Hebrew word for "offered" (קָרַב, qarab) means to draw near, indicating an act of worship and submission. This offering is not merely a ritual but a heartfelt act of devotion, acknowledging God's sovereignty and seeking His favor.

under the oak
The oak tree, often a symbol of strength and endurance, serves as a significant location for this divine encounter. In ancient Near Eastern culture, trees were seen as sacred spaces, places of meeting between the divine and human. The oak here represents a place of revelation and covenant, where Gideon meets God and receives His commission. This setting underlines the sacredness of the moment and the divine presence in Gideon's life.

And the angel of God
This phrase introduces a divine messenger, often understood as a theophany or a pre-incarnate appearance of Christ in conservative Christian theology. The Hebrew word for "angel" is "mal'ak," which means "messenger." This indicates a direct communication from God, emphasizing the importance and divine authority of the message being delivered to Gideon. The presence of the angel signifies God's intervention and guidance in Israel's deliverance from Midianite oppression.

said to him
The act of speaking here is significant, as it conveys God's direct instructions to Gideon. In the Hebrew context, the word "amar" is used, which means "to say" or "to speak." This highlights the personal nature of God's communication with His chosen instruments, showing that God is not distant but actively involved in the lives of His people.

Take the meat and the unleavened bread
This phrase refers to the offering that Gideon prepared. The meat and unleavened bread symbolize a sacrificial meal, reminiscent of the Passover, which was a time of deliverance for Israel. The use of "unleavened bread" (Hebrew: "matzot") is significant, as it represents purity and the absence of sin, aligning with the idea of a holy offering to God.

place them on this rock
The rock serves as an altar, a common practice in ancient times for making sacrifices to God. The Hebrew word for "rock" is "tsur," which often symbolizes strength and stability. In this context, the rock becomes a sacred place where God's presence is manifested, and it foreshadows Christ, the Rock of our salvation, in Christian theology.

and pour out the broth
Pouring out the broth signifies a complete offering, leaving nothing for personal consumption. This act of pouring out (Hebrew: "shaphak") is symbolic of total surrender and dedication to God. It reflects the idea of giving one's all to God, holding nothing back, which is a recurring theme in the life of faith.

And Gideon did so
Gideon's obedience is highlighted here. Despite his initial doubts and fears, Gideon follows the angel's instructions precisely. This act of obedience is crucial, as it demonstrates faith and trust in God's plan. In the broader narrative, Gideon's compliance sets the stage for his transformation from a hesitant individual to a mighty leader used by God to deliver Israel.

Then the Angel of the LORD
The phrase "Angel of the LORD" is significant in the Old Testament, often indicating a theophany, or a visible manifestation of God to humankind. The Hebrew term "mal'ak YHWH" suggests a divine messenger, and in this context, it is understood as a pre-incarnate appearance of Christ. This highlights the continuity of God's presence and intervention in the lives of His people, emphasizing His sovereignty and personal involvement in their deliverance.

reached out with the tip of the staff
The staff in biblical times was a symbol of authority and power. In Hebrew, the word for staff is "maṭṭeh," which can also mean tribe or branch, symbolizing leadership and guidance. The act of reaching out with the staff signifies divine authority and the extension of God's power to perform a miracle. It is reminiscent of Moses' staff, which was used to perform signs and wonders, reinforcing the idea of God's miraculous intervention.

that was in His hand
The hand is often a symbol of power and action in the Bible. The Hebrew word "yad" conveys strength and capability. The fact that the staff was in the Angel's hand underscores the control and intentionality of God's actions. It is a reminder that God holds all things in His hands and orchestrates events according to His divine will.

and touched the meat and the unleavened bread
The act of touching the offering signifies acceptance and consecration. In the Hebrew sacrificial system, offerings were a means of worship and communion with God. The meat and unleavened bread represent sustenance and purity, respectively. Unleavened bread, or "matzah," is associated with the Passover, symbolizing purity and the haste of deliverance. This act foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who is both the Bread of Life and the Lamb of God.

and fire rose from the rock
Fire in the Bible often symbolizes God's presence, purification, and judgment. The Hebrew word "esh" for fire is associated with divine holiness and power. The fire rising from the rock signifies God's acceptance of the offering and His presence in the miraculous. The rock, or "tsur," is a symbol of strength and stability, often representing God Himself. This imagery points to God's unchanging nature and His role as the foundation of faith.

and consumed the meat and the unleavened bread
The consumption of the offering by fire indicates divine acceptance and the completeness of the sacrifice. In the Hebrew context, a burnt offering was wholly given to God, symbolizing total dedication and surrender. This act prefigures the complete and perfect sacrifice of Jesus Christ, who was wholly consumed by His mission to redeem humanity.

And the Angel of the LORD vanished from his sight
The sudden disappearance of the Angel signifies the completion of His mission and the mystery of God's ways. The Hebrew concept of "vanishing" or "departing" often indicates a transition from the visible to the invisible, reminding believers of the spiritual reality beyond the physical world. This moment underscores the faith required to trust in God's unseen presence and His ongoing work in the lives of His people.

When Gideon realized
The moment of realization for Gideon is pivotal. The Hebrew root for "realized" is "yada," which means to know or perceive. This is not just intellectual acknowledgment but a deep, spiritual awakening. Gideon's realization signifies a turning point, where he moves from doubt to recognition of divine presence. This moment is akin to the spiritual epiphanies experienced by many biblical figures, where God’s reality becomes undeniable.

that it was the Angel of the LORD
The "Angel of the LORD" is a significant figure in the Old Testament, often understood as a theophany, or a manifestation of God Himself. The Hebrew term "mal'ak YHWH" suggests a messenger with divine authority. This encounter is not merely with a celestial being but with God’s presence, indicating the gravity and holiness of the moment. Historically, such appearances are rare and signify God’s direct intervention in human affairs.

he said, 'Oh no, Lord GOD!
Gideon's exclamation, "Oh no, Lord GOD," reflects a common biblical reaction to divine encounters—fear and awe. The Hebrew "Adonai YHWH" combines a title of respect with the sacred name of God, indicating both reverence and personal relationship. This phrase captures the tension between human frailty and the overwhelming holiness of God, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture.

I have seen the Angel of the LORD face to face!
Seeing "face to face" in Hebrew culture implies an intimate and direct encounter. The phrase "panim el panim" suggests a level of closeness that is both terrifying and transformative. In biblical history, such encounters are rare and often life-changing, as seen with Jacob and Moses. Gideon’s fear stems from the belief that seeing God could result in death, highlighting the profound reverence and fear of the divine in ancient Israelite culture.

But the LORD said to him
This phrase introduces the divine communication from God to Gideon. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. In the context of Judges, God often speaks directly to His chosen leaders, providing guidance and reassurance. This divine interaction underscores the personal relationship God maintains with His people, even in times of national distress and personal doubt.

Peace be with you
The Hebrew word for "peace" is "shalom," which encompasses more than just the absence of conflict. It signifies completeness, welfare, and harmony. In the context of Gideon's fear after encountering the angel of the LORD, this assurance of peace is profound. It reflects God's desire to restore and reconcile, offering Gideon not just safety, but a holistic sense of well-being. This peace is a recurring theme in Scripture, pointing to the ultimate peace found in Christ, the Prince of Peace.

Do not be afraid
Fear is a natural human response to the divine, especially when confronted with the holiness and power of God. The Hebrew phrase here, "al-tira," is a common biblical exhortation, often accompanying divine revelations or commands. It serves to calm and encourage those called by God, reminding them of His presence and protection. This command not to fear is a testament to God's understanding of human frailty and His provision of strength and courage to those He calls.

for you will not die
In ancient Near Eastern culture, it was believed that seeing God or His angel could result in death due to the overwhelming holiness and glory of the divine presence. Gideon's fear of death upon realizing he had seen the angel of the LORD is thus culturally and theologically significant. God's assurance that Gideon will not die is a direct counter to this fear, highlighting God's grace and the protective nature of His calling. This promise of life is a precursor to the abundant life offered through faith in God, ultimately fulfilled in the New Testament through Jesus Christ.

So Gideon built an altar
The act of building an altar in ancient Israel was a significant expression of worship and dedication to God. The Hebrew word for altar, "mizbeach," is derived from the root "zabach," meaning "to sacrifice." This indicates that altars were primarily places of sacrifice and offering. Gideon's construction of an altar signifies his acknowledgment of God's presence and his commitment to worship and obey Him. In the context of Judges, where Israel repeatedly falls into idolatry, Gideon's altar represents a return to true worship of Yahweh.

to the LORD
The use of "LORD" in all capital letters in the BSB signifies the translation of the Hebrew name "YHWH" or "Yahweh," the covenant name of God. This name emphasizes God's eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. By building the altar to Yahweh, Gideon is recognizing the God of Israel as the one true God, distinct from the Canaanite deities that had led Israel astray.

there
The word "there" indicates a specific location where Gideon encountered God. This place becomes a sacred site due to the divine encounter. In biblical history, locations where God revealed Himself often became places of worship and remembrance, serving as physical reminders of God's intervention and faithfulness.

and called it The LORD Is Peace
The name "The LORD Is Peace" translates the Hebrew "Yahweh Shalom." "Shalom" is a rich Hebrew word that encompasses peace, completeness, welfare, and harmony. By naming the altar "Yahweh Shalom," Gideon acknowledges the peace that comes from God's presence and assurance, even amidst the turmoil of Midianite oppression. This declaration of peace is profound, as it comes at a time when Israel is experiencing anything but peace, highlighting the transformative power of God's presence.

To this day
This phrase suggests that the altar remained a lasting memorial of God's revelation to Gideon. It implies that the account was written at a time when the altar was still standing, serving as a historical witness to God's faithfulness. Such memorials were common in Israel's history, serving to remind future generations of God's mighty acts.

it stands in Ophrah
Ophrah was a town in the territory of Manasseh, associated with Gideon's family, the Abiezrites. The mention of Ophrah roots the narrative in a real geographical location, providing historical authenticity to the account. Archaeological evidence often supports the existence of such sites, grounding biblical events in the physical world.

of the Abiezrites
The Abiezrites were a clan within the tribe of Manasseh, one of the tribes of Israel. By specifying Gideon's clan, the text highlights his humble origins and the unlikely nature of his calling. This detail underscores a recurring biblical theme: God often chooses the least likely individuals to accomplish His purposes, demonstrating that His power is made perfect in weakness.

On that very night
This phrase indicates immediacy and divine timing. The Hebrew word for "night" (לַיְלָה, laylah) often symbolizes a time of testing or divine encounter. In the biblical narrative, night is frequently a time when God reveals His will, as seen in the accounts of Jacob and Samuel. Here, it underscores the urgency and importance of God's command to Gideon.

the LORD said to him
The use of "the LORD" (יְהוָה, Yahweh) emphasizes the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. This is not just any deity speaking, but the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who is faithful to His promises. The direct communication signifies Gideon's role as a chosen instrument for divine purposes, highlighting the personal nature of God's guidance.

Take your father’s young bull
The "young bull" (פַּר, par) is significant in Hebrew culture as a symbol of strength and sacrifice. Bulls were often used in religious rituals, and here, it represents a challenge to the prevailing idolatry. By using his father's bull, Gideon is making a personal and familial statement against the worship of Baal, indicating a return to the worship of Yahweh.

and a second bull seven years old
The "second bull" and its age, "seven years old," carry symbolic weight. The number seven in Hebrew (שֶׁבַע, sheva) often represents completeness or perfection. This detail may suggest the completeness of the idolatry that has taken hold or the completeness of the deliverance God is about to bring through Gideon. It also reflects the duration of Midianite oppression, which lasted seven years.

tear down the altar of Baal
The command to "tear down" (הָרַס, haras) is a call to destroy completely. Baal worship was a significant issue in Israel, representing a turning away from Yahweh to Canaanite deities. This act of tearing down the altar is a physical and spiritual cleansing, a rejection of false gods, and a return to covenant faithfulness.

that belongs to your father
This phrase highlights the personal and communal nature of idolatry. Gideon's father, Joash, had succumbed to the cultural pressures of Baal worship. By addressing the altar "that belongs to your father," God is calling Gideon to confront sin within his own household, emphasizing the need for personal repentance and leadership in spiritual renewal.

and cut down the Asherah pole beside it
The "Asherah pole" (אֲשֵׁרָה, Asherah) was a wooden symbol associated with the Canaanite goddess Asherah, often placed beside altars to Baal. Cutting it down signifies the removal of syncretism and the purification of worship. This act is a declaration that Yahweh alone is God, rejecting the blending of pagan practices with the worship of the true God.

Then build a proper altar
The directive to "build a proper altar" signifies a return to true worship and obedience to God. In Hebrew, the word for altar is "mizbeach," which is derived from the root "zabach," meaning to sacrifice. This highlights the altar's purpose as a place of offering and dedication to God. Historically, altars were central to Israelite worship, serving as a tangible expression of faith and commitment. The command to build a "proper" altar underscores the need for worship that aligns with God's instructions, contrasting with the improper worship of idols prevalent in Gideon's time.

to the LORD your God
The phrase "to the LORD your God" emphasizes the personal relationship between God and His people. The use of "LORD" in all capitals represents the divine name YHWH, the covenant name of God, which signifies His eternal, self-existent nature. This personal name reminds the Israelites of God's faithfulness and His unique relationship with them as their covenant God. It calls Gideon and the Israelites to exclusive worship, rejecting the false gods of the surrounding nations.

on the top of this stronghold
Building the altar "on the top of this stronghold" is significant both strategically and symbolically. A stronghold, or "ma'oz" in Hebrew, refers to a place of refuge or defense. By placing the altar on the stronghold, Gideon is making a bold statement of faith, declaring that true security and strength come from the LORD, not from physical fortifications or idols. This act of faith challenges the prevailing belief systems and asserts the supremacy of God over all earthly powers.

Using the wood of the Asherah pole
The Asherah pole was a symbol of the Canaanite goddess Asherah, often associated with fertility and idol worship. The command to use its wood for the altar signifies a complete repudiation of idolatry. By repurposing the wood for God's altar, Gideon is transforming a symbol of false worship into one of true devotion. This act illustrates the transformative power of God, who can redeem and repurpose even the most profane elements for His glory.

that you cut down
The phrase "that you cut down" highlights Gideon's active role in dismantling idolatry. The Hebrew verb "karath," meaning to cut or cut down, implies decisive action. Gideon's obedience in cutting down the Asherah pole is a physical manifestation of his commitment to God. It serves as a reminder that following God often requires bold and courageous actions to remove sin and idolatry from our lives.

offer the second bull as a burnt offering
The instruction to "offer the second bull as a burnt offering" is rich in sacrificial symbolism. The burnt offering, or "olah" in Hebrew, was a sacrifice of complete dedication, with the entire animal consumed by fire, symbolizing total surrender to God. The choice of the "second bull" may indicate a specific selection for this act of worship, emphasizing the importance of offering our best to God. This offering represents atonement and reconciliation, pointing to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, who offered Himself wholly for our redemption.

So Gideon took
The name "Gideon" means "hewer" or "one who cuts down," which is fitting given his role in cutting down the altars of Baal. This act of taking signifies a decisive action, a step of obedience in response to God's command. Gideon's willingness to act, despite his fear, is a testament to his emerging faith and leadership.

ten of his servants
The number ten often symbolizes completeness or God's law in the Bible. Gideon's choice to take ten servants may reflect a strategic decision to ensure the task's completion. It also indicates that Gideon had some influence and resources, as he could command the assistance of ten men.

and did as the LORD had told him
This phrase highlights Gideon's obedience to God's command. The Hebrew root for "did" (עשׂה, 'asah) implies action and accomplishment. Gideon's actions are a direct response to divine instruction, demonstrating his growing trust in God's plan despite personal fears.

But because he was afraid
Fear is a natural human emotion, and Gideon's fear is acknowledged here. The Hebrew word for "afraid" (ירא, yare) can also mean reverence or awe. Gideon's fear is not just of physical harm but also of the social and familial repercussions of his actions.

of his family and the men of the city
This phrase indicates the social pressure and potential backlash Gideon faced. His family and the townspeople were likely entrenched in Baal worship, and his actions would have been seen as a direct challenge to their beliefs and practices. This context underscores the courage required to follow God's command.

he did it at night
The choice to act at night reflects Gideon's strategic thinking and caution. Nighttime provided cover and reduced the risk of immediate confrontation. This decision shows that while Gideon was obedient, he was also prudent, balancing faith with wisdom.

rather than in the daytime
This contrast between night and day emphasizes the clandestine nature of Gideon's actions. It also symbolizes the spiritual battle between darkness (idolatry) and light (obedience to God). Gideon's nighttime action foreshadows the eventual revelation and triumph of God's will in the light of day.

When the men of the town
This phrase introduces the community context in which the events unfold. The "men of the town" refers to the inhabitants of Ophrah, a town in the territory of Manasseh. Historically, this setting is significant as it reflects the tribal and communal life of ancient Israel. The men of the town represent the collective mindset and religious practices of the people, who were often influenced by surrounding pagan cultures.

got up early in the morning
Rising early in the morning is a common biblical motif that often signifies diligence or the beginning of a significant event. In this context, it underscores the urgency and importance of the discovery they are about to make. The early morning light reveals the truth, both physically and spiritually, as the townspeople are about to confront the reality of their idolatry being challenged.

there was Baal’s altar
Baal was a prominent Canaanite deity, often associated with fertility and storms. The presence of Baal's altar in Israelite territory highlights the syncretism and spiritual decline among the Israelites during the time of the Judges. This altar symbolizes the pervasive influence of Canaanite religion and the Israelites' departure from exclusive worship of Yahweh.

torn down
The act of tearing down Baal's altar is a direct challenge to the prevailing idolatry. It signifies a bold rejection of false gods and a return to the worship of the one true God. This action, initiated by Gideon under divine instruction, is a physical manifestation of spiritual reformation and a call to repentance for the Israelites.

with the Asherah pole
The Asherah pole was a wooden symbol associated with the goddess Asherah, often placed near altars to Baal. Its presence alongside Baal's altar indicates the intertwined nature of Canaanite worship practices. The destruction of the Asherah pole, along with the altar, represents a comprehensive dismantling of idolatrous worship.

cut down beside it
Cutting down the Asherah pole signifies a complete eradication of idolatrous symbols. This act is not merely about physical destruction but also about purifying the spiritual landscape of Israel. It reflects the biblical principle that true worship of God requires the removal of all competing allegiances and idols.

and the second bull
The mention of the "second bull" refers to the sacrifice Gideon made on the newly constructed altar to the Lord. This detail emphasizes the importance of proper worship and sacrifice in the Old Testament. The bull, a valuable and significant offering, underscores the seriousness of the covenant renewal and the cost of true worship.

sacrificed on the newly built altar
The newly built altar represents a fresh start and a return to covenant faithfulness. Sacrificing on this altar is an act of consecration and dedication to God. It symbolizes the restoration of rightful worship and the reestablishment of God's sovereignty over Israel. This act of sacrifice is a pivotal moment of transformation, both for Gideon and the community, as they turn back to the Lord.

Who did this?
This phrase reflects the immediate reaction of the townspeople upon discovering the destruction of the altar of Baal. The Hebrew root for "who" (מִי, mi) is a common interrogative pronoun, indicating a search for identity and responsibility. In the context of ancient Israel, where community and familial ties were strong, such a question underscores the gravity of the act. The destruction of a communal religious symbol would have been seen as a direct challenge to the prevailing social and religious order.

they asked one another
The phrase suggests a communal inquiry, highlighting the collective nature of the society. In ancient Israel, decisions and investigations were often communal, reflecting the tribal and familial structures. This communal approach is consistent with the Hebrew culture, where elders and leaders would gather to discuss and resolve issues. The act of asking "one another" indicates a shared concern and a desire for accountability within the community.

And after they had investigated thoroughly
The thorough investigation implies a methodical and serious approach to uncovering the truth. The Hebrew root for "investigated" (דָּרַשׁ, darash) means to seek, inquire, or require. This reflects the importance of justice and truth in the community. The investigation would have involved questioning witnesses, examining evidence, and possibly consulting with local leaders or elders. This process underscores the seriousness of the offense and the community's commitment to maintaining order and religious fidelity.

they concluded
The conclusion reached by the townspeople indicates a definitive decision. The Hebrew root for "concluded" (אָמַר, amar) can mean to say, speak, or declare. This suggests that the investigation led to a clear and authoritative statement. In the context of ancient Israel, such a conclusion would carry significant weight, potentially leading to social or legal consequences for the individual identified.

Gideon son of Joash did it
This identification of Gideon as the perpetrator is pivotal in the narrative. Gideon, whose name in Hebrew (גִּדְעוֹן, Gid'on) means "hewer" or "one who cuts down," is identified as the one who destroyed the altar of Baal. This act of defiance against idolatry marks the beginning of Gideon's role as a judge and deliverer of Israel. The mention of "son of Joash" situates Gideon within his family and tribal context, emphasizing the personal and communal implications of his actions. Joash, as the head of the family, would have been directly affected by his son's actions, highlighting the tension between familial loyalty and religious conviction. This moment sets the stage for Gideon's divine calling and the subsequent deliverance of Israel from Midianite oppression, illustrating the theme of God using unlikely individuals to fulfill His purposes.

Then the men of the city
This phrase refers to the collective group of townspeople, likely leaders or elders, who represent the community's interests and religious practices. In ancient Israel, cities were often small, tight-knit communities where religious and social norms were strictly observed. The men of the city were responsible for maintaining these norms, and their reaction indicates the deep entrenchment of Baal worship in Israelite society at the time.

said to Joash
Joash is the father of Gideon, the central figure in this narrative. His name means "Yahweh has given," which is ironic given his initial support of Baal worship. Joash's position in the community is significant, as he owns the altar of Baal, suggesting he is a person of influence. This confrontation places him at a crossroads between the prevailing idolatry and the emerging call to return to Yahweh.

Bring out your son
This demand is a call for accountability and justice according to the community's standards. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, family heads were responsible for the actions of their household. The demand reflects the seriousness with which the community viewed the desecration of their religious symbols, highlighting the tension between familial loyalty and communal religious expectations.

He must die
The death sentence reflects the severity of Gideon's actions in the eyes of the townspeople. In the context of the Mosaic Law, idolatry was a capital offense, but here the irony is that the people are demanding death for the destruction of idols, not for idolatry itself. This highlights the spiritual confusion and apostasy prevalent in Israel during the time of the Judges.

because he has torn down the altar of Baal
Baal was a Canaanite deity associated with fertility and storms, and his worship was widespread among the Israelites despite Yahweh's commandments against idolatry. The altar's destruction is a direct challenge to the religious status quo and signifies a call to repentance and return to covenant faithfulness. Gideon's act is a prophetic gesture, symbolizing the need to dismantle false worship in Israel.

and cut down the Asherah pole beside it
The Asherah pole was a wooden symbol associated with the goddess Asherah, often placed beside altars to Baal. Its presence indicates syncretism, where Israel combined elements of Canaanite religion with their worship of Yahweh. Cutting down the Asherah pole is an act of purification, removing the physical and spiritual corruption that had infiltrated Israelite worship practices.

But Joash said to all who stood against him
In this phrase, Joash, the father of Gideon, addresses those who are angered by the destruction of Baal's altar. The name "Joash" means "Yahweh has given," which is significant in this context as he defends the actions of his son, Gideon, who has acted under divine instruction. Historically, Joash's defense of Gideon is a pivotal moment, as it marks a shift from idolatry back to the worship of Yahweh. The phrase "stood against him" indicates a confrontation, suggesting that the community was deeply entrenched in Baal worship, which was common in the Canaanite culture surrounding Israel at the time.

Would you plead Baal’s case for him?
Here, Joash challenges the people by questioning their defense of Baal. The word "plead" in Hebrew is "riyb," which means to contend or argue. Joash's rhetorical question implies that if Baal were truly a god, he would not need human defense. This highlights the impotence of idols compared to the living God of Israel. Theologically, this is a call to recognize the futility of idolatry and to return to the worship of the one true God.

Would you save him?
The word "save" in Hebrew is "yasha," which is often used in the context of deliverance or salvation. Joash's question underscores the absurdity of humans attempting to save a deity, further emphasizing the powerlessness of Baal. This phrase serves as a reminder of the biblical truth that salvation and deliverance come from God alone, not from man-made idols.

Whoever contends for him shall be put to death by morning!
Joash issues a stern warning to those who would defend Baal, stating that they would face death by morning. This reflects the seriousness of idolatry in Israel and the need for decisive action to eradicate it. The phrase "put to death" is a legal term, indicating the severity of the offense. Historically, this reflects the covenantal laws of Israel, where idolatry was a capital offense due to its threat to the community's spiritual integrity.

If Baal is a god, let him contend for himself
Joash's challenge is a direct test of Baal's power. The word "contend" again is "riyb," suggesting a legal or physical struggle. This phrase is a powerful declaration of faith, asserting that a true god would not need human intervention. It echoes the biblical theme of God's sovereignty and power over false gods, as seen in other scriptural accounts like Elijah's challenge to the prophets of Baal in 1 Kings 18.

with the one who has torn down his altar
The phrase "torn down his altar" refers to Gideon's act of destroying the altar of Baal, which was a bold statement against idolatry. The Hebrew word for "torn down" is "haras," meaning to demolish or destroy. This act symbolizes the breaking of Israel's covenant with Baal and the restoration of their covenant with Yahweh. Archaeologically, altars were central to worship practices, and their destruction signified a rejection of the associated deity. This phrase encapsulates the call to return to true worship and the courage required to stand against cultural and religious norms that oppose God's commandments.

So on that day
This phrase marks a significant turning point in the narrative. The events leading up to this moment involve Gideon’s bold act of faith in tearing down the altar of Baal. The phrase indicates a specific time when Gideon's identity and mission were publicly recognized. In the Hebrew context, "that day" often signifies a moment of divine intervention or revelation, underscoring the importance of Gideon's actions in the eyes of God and the people.

he was called Jerubbaal
The name "Jerubbaal" is derived from the Hebrew roots "rîb," meaning "to contend" or "to strive," and "Baal," the name of the Canaanite god. This new name signifies a transformation in Gideon's identity, marking him as one who contends against false gods. In the ancient Near Eastern context, names held significant power and meaning, often reflecting one's character or destiny. By being called Jerubbaal, Gideon is publicly acknowledged as a challenger of idolatry, aligning his identity with his divine mission.

saying, 'Let Baal contend with him,'
This phrase is a declaration of challenge and defiance against Baal. It implies that if Baal were truly a god, he would defend his own honor against Gideon. Theologically, this statement underscores the impotence of idols compared to the living God of Israel. Historically, this reflects the cultural and religious tensions between the Israelites and the surrounding Canaanite peoples, who worshiped Baal. The phrase serves as a rhetorical device, highlighting the futility of idolatry and the supremacy of Yahweh.

because he had torn down his altar
Gideon's act of tearing down the altar of Baal is a physical manifestation of his faith and obedience to God. In the ancient world, altars were central to worship and religious identity. By destroying the altar, Gideon not only defies the local religious practices but also symbolically dismantles the spiritual stronghold of Baal worship. This act of courage is a pivotal moment in the narrative, demonstrating the power of faith to confront and overcome falsehood. It serves as an inspirational reminder of the call to stand firm in one's convictions, even in the face of opposition.

Then all the Midianites and Amalekites and the people of the East
This phrase introduces the formidable coalition of enemies that Israel faced. The Midianites and Amalekites were nomadic tribes known for their raids and plundering. Historically, the Midianites were descendants of Abraham through Keturah (Genesis 25:1-2), and the Amalekites were descendants of Esau (Genesis 36:12). The "people of the East" likely refers to other nomadic tribes from the Arabian desert. This gathering of enemies signifies a significant threat to Israel, emphasizing the dire situation that required divine intervention. The coalition of these groups highlights the recurring theme in Judges of Israel's disobedience leading to oppression by foreign powers.

gathered together
The Hebrew root for "gathered" is "קָבַץ" (qavats), which means to assemble or collect. This word conveys a sense of unity and purpose among the enemy forces. In the context of Judges, this gathering is not just a physical assembly but a spiritual challenge to Israel, testing their faith and reliance on God. The unity of the enemies contrasts with the often fragmented and disobedient state of Israel during this period.

crossed over
This phrase indicates a strategic movement, likely crossing the Jordan River to enter the land of Israel. The act of crossing over symbolizes an invasion, a breach of boundaries that were meant to be protected by the Israelites. Historically, the Jordan River served as a natural barrier, and crossing it was a significant military maneuver. This movement signifies the imminent threat and the urgency of the situation faced by the Israelites.

and camped in the Valley of Jezreel
The Valley of Jezreel is a fertile plain in northern Israel, known for its strategic importance and agricultural productivity. The Hebrew name "Jezreel" means "God sows," reflecting the valley's richness. However, it also becomes a place of conflict and testing for Israel. The choice of this location for the enemy camp underscores the threat to Israel's sustenance and security. Archaeologically, the Valley of Jezreel has been a site of numerous battles throughout history, symbolizing the ongoing struggle between God's people and their adversaries. This setting foreshadows the divine deliverance that God will bring through Gideon, as the valley becomes a stage for God's power to be displayed.

So the Spirit of the LORD
The phrase "the Spirit of the LORD" refers to the divine presence and empowerment given by God. In Hebrew, the word for "Spirit" is "Ruach," which can mean breath, wind, or spirit. This indicates a powerful, life-giving force that comes from God Himself. In the context of Judges, the Spirit of the LORD often comes upon individuals to equip them for a specific task or mission. This divine empowerment is crucial for the deliverance of Israel from its oppressors, highlighting that true strength and victory come from God alone.

came upon
The Hebrew phrase here is "labash," which literally means "to clothe." This imagery suggests that Gideon was enveloped or covered by the Spirit, indicating a complete transformation and equipping for the task ahead. This clothing with the Spirit signifies a divine appointment and empowerment, suggesting that Gideon is now acting under God's authority and power, not his own. It is a reminder that God equips those He calls, providing them with the necessary strength and ability to fulfill His purposes.

Gideon
Gideon, also known as Jerubbaal, is one of the judges of Israel, chosen by God to deliver the Israelites from the oppression of the Midianites. His name means "hewer" or "one who cuts down," which is fitting given his role in cutting down the altars of Baal and leading Israel to victory. Gideon's account is one of transformation from a hesitant and doubtful individual to a mighty leader under God's guidance. His journey underscores the theme that God often chooses the unlikely and the humble to accomplish His divine plans.

and he blew the trumpet
The blowing of the trumpet, or "shofar" in Hebrew, is a significant act in the Old Testament. It is often used to signal the gathering of people, the start of a battle, or a call to worship. In this context, Gideon's blowing of the trumpet is a call to arms, summoning the Israelites to unite against their oppressors. This act signifies the beginning of God's deliverance and the rallying of God's people to His cause. It is a powerful reminder of the importance of responding to God's call with action and faith.

and the Abiezrites
The Abiezrites were a clan within the tribe of Manasseh, to which Gideon belonged. This detail highlights the personal and communal nature of God's call. Gideon's leadership begins with his own family and clan, emphasizing the importance of starting God's work within one's immediate sphere of influence. The mention of the Abiezrites also underscores the theme of unity and collective action in fulfilling God's purposes. It is a call for families and communities to come together in obedience to God's will.

rallied behind him
The phrase "rallied behind him" indicates a gathering and unification of people in support of Gideon. This response demonstrates the influence of God's Spirit working through Gideon, as well as the willingness of the people to follow God's chosen leader. It reflects the importance of leadership and the power of collective faith and action in overcoming challenges. This rallying is a testament to the transformative power of God's call, inspiring individuals and communities to unite for a common divine purpose.

Calling them to follow him
This phrase signifies Gideon's leadership and the divine calling upon him to lead Israel against the Midianites. The Hebrew root for "calling" is קָרָא (qara), which often implies a summons or proclamation. In the biblical context, this calling is not merely a human initiative but a response to God's directive. Gideon's call to his fellow Israelites is a reflection of his obedience to God's command, demonstrating the importance of divine guidance in leadership.

he sent messengers
The act of sending messengers indicates a strategic and organized approach to rallying the tribes. The Hebrew word for "messengers" is מַלְאָכִים (mal'akhim), which can also mean "angels" or "envoys." This dual meaning underscores the sacredness of their mission. Historically, messengers played a crucial role in communication across the tribal territories, emphasizing the unity and cooperation needed among the Israelites to face their common enemy.

throughout Manasseh
Manasseh was one of the tribes of Israel, named after Joseph's son. The tribe's territory was divided between the east and west of the Jordan River. By sending messengers throughout Manasseh, Gideon was ensuring that both parts of the tribe were included in the call to arms. This highlights the importance of unity and collective action within the people of God, as well as the strategic significance of Manasseh's central location in the land.

who also rallied to him
The response of the people of Manasseh to rally to Gideon signifies their recognition of his God-given authority and the urgency of the situation. The Hebrew root for "rallied" is זָעַק (za'aq), which can mean to cry out or assemble. This reflects a sense of urgency and commitment among the people, as they respond to the call to defend their land and faith.

as well as Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali
These tribes, located in the northern part of Israel, were also called to join the fight. The inclusion of Asher, Zebulun, and Naphtali demonstrates the widespread support for Gideon's leadership and the collective effort required to defeat the Midianites. Each tribe had its unique characteristics and strengths, contributing to the overall success of the mission. This unity among the tribes is a powerful testament to the strength found in collaboration and shared purpose under God's guidance.

so that they went up to meet them
The phrase "went up" often implies going to battle or ascending to a place of significance. In this context, it indicates the readiness and willingness of the tribes to confront the Midianite threat. The Hebrew verb עָלָה (alah) suggests an upward movement, both physically and spiritually, as the Israelites prepare to engage in a divinely ordained mission. This ascent is symbolic of their faith and trust in God's deliverance, as they unite under Gideon's leadership to fulfill their divine calling.

Then Gideon said to God
This phrase introduces us to a moment of direct communication between Gideon and God. Gideon, a judge of Israel, is portrayed as a man of faith, yet also of human frailty and doubt. The Hebrew root for "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) implies a verbal declaration, indicating Gideon's earnestness in seeking confirmation from God. This reflects the intimate relationship between God and His chosen leaders, where dialogue is not only possible but encouraged. Historically, this period was marked by Israel's oppression under the Midianites, and Gideon's role was pivotal in delivering Israel. His approach to God underscores the importance of seeking divine guidance in times of uncertainty.

If You are going to save Israel by my hand
Here, Gideon seeks assurance of God's promise. The phrase "If You are going to save" reveals Gideon's need for confirmation of God's will. The Hebrew word for "save" (יָשַׁע, yasha) is often used in the context of deliverance and salvation, emphasizing God's role as the ultimate savior of Israel. The phrase "by my hand" indicates Gideon's awareness of his role as an instrument of God's deliverance. This reflects a common biblical theme where God uses human agents to accomplish His divine purposes. Gideon's request for confirmation is not a sign of disbelief but a desire for reassurance, highlighting the human tendency to seek tangible signs of God's promises.

as You have said
This phrase underscores Gideon's reliance on God's word. The assurance "as You have said" points to the faithfulness of God's promises. The Hebrew root for "said" (דָּבַר, dabar) often conveys the idea of a spoken word or command, emphasizing the authority and reliability of God's declarations. In the broader scriptural context, God's word is depicted as powerful and unchanging. Gideon's reference to what God has said reflects a deep trust in the divine promise, even amidst personal doubt. This serves as an inspirational reminder for believers to hold fast to God's promises, trusting in His faithfulness even when circumstances seem daunting.

behold
The word "behold" is often used in Scripture to draw attention to something significant or to introduce a divine revelation. In Hebrew, it is "הִנֵּה" (hinneh), which serves as an imperative to pay attention. Here, it underscores the importance of Gideon's request for a sign from God, emphasizing the gravity and sincerity of his plea.

I will place
This phrase indicates an intentional act by Gideon. The Hebrew root "שׂוּם" (sum) means to set, place, or appoint. Gideon's action is deliberate, reflecting his desire for confirmation from God. It shows his willingness to actively seek God's guidance and assurance in a tangible way.

a fleece of wool
The "fleece of wool" is a symbol of purity and innocence, often associated with sacrificial offerings in the Old Testament. Wool, derived from sheep, is significant in biblical symbolism, representing the people of God (as sheep) and their dependence on the Shepherd. Gideon's use of a fleece highlights his need for divine intervention and clarity.

on the threshing floor
The "threshing floor" is a place of separation and revelation in biblical times. It was where grain was separated from chaff, symbolizing judgment and discernment. Spiritually, it represents a place where God reveals His will and purposes. Gideon's choice of location for the fleece testifies to his desire for a clear and unmistakable sign from God.

If dew is only on the fleece
"Dew" in the Bible often symbolizes divine blessing and favor. In Hebrew, "טַל" (tal) is seen as a gift from God, providing moisture and life. Gideon's request for dew only on the fleece signifies his need for a specific and personal confirmation of God's promise, highlighting his faith mingled with doubt.

and all the ground is dry
The contrast between the wet fleece and the dry ground serves as a miraculous sign. Dry ground, in Hebrew "חָרֵב" (chareb), often symbolizes barrenness or lack. This stark difference would confirm to Gideon that the event was supernatural, reinforcing his trust in God's promise to deliver Israel.

then I will know
This phrase reflects Gideon's desire for certainty. The Hebrew "יָדַע" (yada) means to know intimately or experientially. Gideon seeks an experiential confirmation of God's word, demonstrating his need for assurance in the face of overwhelming odds.

that You will deliver Israel
The deliverance of Israel is central to God's covenant promises. The Hebrew "יָשַׁע" (yasha) means to save or deliver, pointing to God's role as the Savior of His people. Gideon's request is rooted in the belief that God is faithful to His promises and will act on behalf of His chosen nation.

by my hand
Gideon acknowledges his role as an instrument in God's plan. The phrase "by my hand" signifies human agency under divine direction. It reflects the biblical theme of God using ordinary people to accomplish His extraordinary purposes, emphasizing the partnership between divine sovereignty and human responsibility.

as You have said
This phrase underscores the importance of God's word and promises. Gideon's request is based on what God has already spoken, highlighting the reliability and authority of divine revelation. It serves as a reminder that faith is grounded in the certainty of God's spoken word and His unchanging nature.

And that is what happened
This phrase underscores the certainty and reliability of God's response to Gideon's request. In Hebrew, the phrase reflects a narrative style that confirms the fulfillment of a divine promise or sign. It emphasizes God's faithfulness and the assurance that His word and actions are trustworthy. This is a reminder to believers that God is attentive to the cries of His people and responds in accordance with His will.

When Gideon rose early the next morning
The act of rising early signifies diligence and eagerness. In the cultural context of the ancient Near East, rising early was often associated with a readiness to engage in important tasks. Gideon's early rising indicates his anticipation and perhaps anxiety about the sign he had requested from God. It reflects a heart that is earnestly seeking confirmation and guidance from the Lord.

he squeezed the fleece
The fleece, a piece of wool, serves as a tangible medium through which Gideon seeks confirmation from God. In the Hebrew context, fleece symbolizes purity and innocence, often associated with sacrificial offerings. By squeezing the fleece, Gideon is actively participating in the process of seeking God's will, demonstrating a blend of faith and action. This act can inspire believers to actively engage in their faith journey, seeking God's guidance with sincerity.

and wrung out the dew
Dew in the Bible often symbolizes divine blessing and favor. In a land where water was precious, dew was seen as a gift from God, sustaining life. The act of wringing out the dew signifies the abundance of God's response to Gideon's request. It highlights the overflowing nature of God's provision and assurance. For believers, this serves as a reminder of God's abundant grace and the richness of His blessings when we seek Him earnestly.

a bowlful of water
The bowlful of water represents the tangible evidence of God's response. In the ancient world, water was a symbol of life and purification. The abundance of water collected in the bowl signifies the completeness and sufficiency of God's answer to Gideon's test. It reassures believers of God's ability to provide clear and unmistakable signs of His presence and guidance in our lives. This phrase encourages Christians to trust in God's provision and to recognize His answers, even when they come in unexpected forms.

Then Gideon said to God
This phrase highlights Gideon's direct communication with God, a privilege and responsibility that underscores the personal relationship between the divine and humanity. In the Hebrew context, the name "Gideon" means "hewer" or "one who cuts down," which is symbolic of his role in cutting down the oppression of the Midianites. This direct address to God reflects the intimate and covenantal relationship that the Israelites had with Yahweh, where even a judge like Gideon could converse with the Almighty.

Do not be angry with me
Here, Gideon expresses a deep awareness of God's holiness and his own unworthiness. The Hebrew word for "angry" is "anaph," which conveys a sense of righteous indignation. Gideon's plea is reminiscent of Abraham's intercession for Sodom (Genesis 18), where he also approached God with humility and reverence. This phrase reflects a profound understanding of God's character as both just and merciful.

let me speak just once more
This request shows Gideon's hesitance and need for reassurance. The phrase "just once more" indicates a limitation, a boundary that Gideon sets for himself, acknowledging that he should not test God's patience. It reflects the human tendency to seek confirmation of God's will, even when it has been clearly revealed. This mirrors the human condition of doubt and the need for divine patience.

Please allow me one more test with the fleece
The "fleece" is a symbol of Gideon's need for confirmation. In ancient Israel, fleece was a common material, and its use here is both practical and symbolic. The "test" signifies Gideon's desire for a sign, a tangible proof of God's promise. This reflects the biblical theme of seeking signs, as seen in other scriptures where God provides signs to confirm His word (e.g., Moses and the burning bush).

This time, let it be dry
Gideon's request for the fleece to be dry while the ground is wet is a reversal of the previous sign. This reversal signifies a deeper level of trust and understanding. The dryness of the fleece amidst dew-covered ground would be an unmistakable sign of divine intervention. In the Hebrew context, dew is often seen as a blessing from God, symbolizing His provision and presence.

and the ground be covered with dew
The "ground" being "covered with dew" is a natural phenomenon, yet in this context, it serves as a supernatural sign. Dew in the Bible often symbolizes God's favor and blessing (Deuteronomy 33:28). The contrast between the dry fleece and the dew-laden ground serves as a powerful testament to God's ability to control nature and affirm His promises. This phrase encapsulates the miraculous nature of God's signs and His willingness to meet His people in their doubts.

That night
The phrase "that night" indicates a specific time when God responded to Gideon's request. In the Hebrew context, the night often symbolizes a time of uncertainty or fear, yet it is also a time when God frequently reveals His will or provides assurance. This immediate response from God highlights His willingness to engage with Gideon’s doubts and fears, providing reassurance in a time of need.

God did so
This phrase underscores the sovereignty and faithfulness of God. The Hebrew root for "did" (עָשָׂה, 'asah) implies action and fulfillment. It emphasizes that God is not only a listener but also an active participant in the lives of His people. His actions are deliberate and purposeful, reinforcing His commitment to His promises and His people.

Only the fleece was dry
The fleece, a piece of wool, serves as a tangible sign for Gideon. The Hebrew word for fleece (גִּזָּה, gizzah) is significant as it represents something natural and ordinary, yet God uses it to perform a miraculous sign. The dryness of the fleece, contrary to natural expectations, signifies God's control over nature and His ability to transcend natural laws to communicate with His people.

and dew covered the ground
Dew in the ancient Near East was a vital source of moisture, often seen as a blessing from God. The Hebrew word for dew (טַל, tal) is associated with life and sustenance. The fact that dew covered the ground while the fleece remained dry is a reversal of natural expectations, further emphasizing the miraculous nature of God's sign. This act demonstrates God's power and His ability to provide assurance and confirmation to Gideon, reinforcing the idea that God is in control of all creation.