I have told you these things
This phrase indicates a deliberate and purposeful communication from Jesus to His disciples. The Greek verb "λέλυκα" (leluka) is in the perfect tense, suggesting a completed action with ongoing effects. Jesus is emphasizing the importance of His teachings and the foresight He provides. Historically, this reflects the intimate setting of the Upper Room Discourse, where Jesus prepares His disciples for the coming challenges. The phrase underscores the divine foreknowledge and care of Christ, ensuring His followers are equipped for future trials.

so that
The Greek conjunction "ἵνα" (hina) introduces a purpose clause, indicating the reason behind Jesus' communication. This small but significant word highlights the intentionality of Jesus' teachings. It serves as a reminder that every word from Christ is purposeful, aimed at guiding and sustaining His followers. In a broader scriptural context, it reflects the consistent biblical theme of God’s desire to prepare and protect His people.

you will not fall away
The phrase "fall away" is translated from the Greek "σκανδαλισθῆτε" (skandalisthēte), which can also mean to stumble or be offended. This term carries the connotation of a trap or snare, suggesting a spiritual or moral failure. Jesus is warning His disciples of the potential for apostasy or losing faith due to persecution or trials. Historically, this was pertinent as the early church faced significant opposition. Theologically, it emphasizes the perseverance of the saints, a key tenet in conservative Christian doctrine, where believers are encouraged to remain steadfast in faith despite challenges. This phrase serves as both a warning and a comfort, reminding believers of the need for vigilance and the sustaining power of Christ’s words.

They will put you out of the synagogues
The phrase "put you out of the synagogues" refers to the practice of excommunication from the Jewish community, which was a severe punishment in the first-century Jewish context. The Greek word used here is "ἀποσυνάγωγος" (aposynagogos), meaning expelled from the synagogue. This expulsion was not merely a religious sanction but also a social and economic one, as the synagogue was central to Jewish life. Historically, this reflects the growing tension between early Christians and Jewish authorities, as the followers of Jesus were increasingly seen as a sect diverging from traditional Judaism. This phrase underscores the cost of discipleship and the reality of persecution for early Christians, who were often ostracized for their faith.

in fact, a time is coming
The phrase "a time is coming" is prophetic, indicating an inevitable future event. The Greek word "ὥρα" (hora) is used here, which can mean a specific time or season. This suggests a divinely appointed period when these events will unfold. Jesus is preparing His disciples for the trials they will face, emphasizing that these challenges are part of God's sovereign plan. This phrase serves as a reminder that God is in control of history, and the trials believers face are not random but are within His divine timetable.

when anyone who kills you
The stark reality of martyrdom is highlighted in "when anyone who kills you." The Greek word "ἀποκτείνω" (apokteino) means to kill or put to death. This phrase foreshadows the persecution and martyrdom that many early Christians would face. Historically, this was fulfilled as many apostles and early believers were martyred for their faith. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the cost of following Christ and the ultimate sacrifice that many have made for their faith.

will think he is offering a service to God
The phrase "will think he is offering a service to God" reveals the misguided zeal of those who persecute believers. The Greek word "λατρεία" (latreia) is used for "service," which often refers to religious worship or service to God. This indicates that persecutors believe they are acting righteously and in accordance with divine will. Historically, this reflects the mindset of figures like Saul of Tarsus (later Paul the Apostle), who persecuted Christians before his conversion, believing he was upholding the Jewish faith. This phrase warns of the dangers of religious zeal without true understanding and highlights the importance of aligning one's actions with the true teachings of God. It also serves as a call for believers to remain steadfast in their faith, even when faced with opposition from those who believe they are acting in God's name.

They will do these things
This phrase refers to the actions of persecution and hostility that Jesus predicts His followers will face. The Greek word for "do" here is "ποιήσουσιν" (poiēsousin), which implies not just a simple action but a deliberate and purposeful act. Historically, this reflects the early Christian experience of persecution by those who believed they were serving God, such as Saul of Tarsus before his conversion. This phrase serves as a reminder that opposition to the faith is often rooted in a misunderstanding or misapplication of religious zeal.

because
The Greek word "ὅτι" (hoti) is used here, indicating a reason or cause. It connects the actions of persecution directly to the lack of knowledge of God. This causal relationship highlights the importance of understanding and knowing God as a foundation for righteous living. It suggests that ignorance of God leads to misguided actions, even when those actions are intended to be religiously motivated.

they have not known
The verb "known" is translated from the Greek "ἔγνωσαν" (egnōsan), which implies a deep, intimate knowledge rather than mere awareness. This is not just intellectual knowledge but relational understanding. In the biblical context, to "know" God is to have a personal relationship with Him, characterized by love, obedience, and faith. The lack of this knowledge is presented as the root cause of the persecution of Jesus' followers.

the Father
This term refers to God the Father, the first person of the Trinity. In the Jewish context of Jesus' time, God as Father was a familiar concept, yet Jesus' revelation of God as Father was more intimate and personal than traditional Jewish teachings. The failure to recognize God as Father indicates a lack of understanding of His nature and His relationship with humanity, which Jesus came to reveal.

or Me
"Me" refers to Jesus Christ Himself. The Greek "ἐμέ" (eme) emphasizes the personal nature of this knowledge. Jesus is asserting His divine identity and unity with the Father. The failure to know Jesus is equated with the failure to know God, underscoring the Christian belief in the divinity of Christ. This phrase challenges the listener to recognize Jesus not just as a historical figure or prophet but as the Son of God, integral to understanding the Father.

But I have told you these things
This phrase indicates a continuation of Jesus' discourse, emphasizing His role as a teacher and prophet. The Greek word for "told" is "λέγω" (legō), which implies a deliberate and authoritative communication. Jesus is preparing His disciples for future events, underscoring His omniscience and the divine plan. This preparation is an act of love, ensuring that His followers are not caught off guard by the trials they will face.

so that when their hour comes
The "hour" refers to a specific time of trial or persecution. In the Greek, "ὥρα" (hōra) can mean a fixed time or season. This is a prophetic reference to the coming challenges the disciples will encounter after Jesus' departure. Historically, this aligns with the persecution of early Christians, as recorded in Acts and other historical texts. Jesus is assuring them that these events are part of God's sovereign timeline.

you will remember that I told you about them
The act of remembering is crucial in the life of a believer. The Greek word "μνημονεύω" (mnēmoneuō) means to recall or keep in mind. Jesus is emphasizing the importance of His words as a source of comfort and guidance. This remembrance serves to strengthen faith and provide assurance that God is in control, even amidst adversity.

I did not tell you these things from the beginning
Here, Jesus acknowledges a progression in His revelation to the disciples. The phrase "from the beginning" suggests a strategic unfolding of truth. The Greek "ἀρχή" (archē) means the start or origin. Jesus, in His wisdom, chose the right moment to reveal these truths, demonstrating His understanding of the disciples' capacity to comprehend and bear the weight of such knowledge.

because I was with you
This phrase highlights the intimate presence of Jesus with His disciples. The Greek "μεθ' ὑμῶν" (meth' hymōn) signifies a close, personal companionship. While Jesus was physically present, the disciples had direct access to His guidance and protection. This underscores the transition they are about to experience, moving from reliance on His physical presence to dependence on the Holy Spirit, as Jesus prepares them for His departure.

But now
This phrase marks a transition in Jesus' discourse. The Greek word for "now" (νῦν, nyn) indicates a present moment of significant change. Jesus is preparing His disciples for His imminent departure, emphasizing the urgency and importance of the moment. Historically, this is a pivotal point in the Gospel narrative, as Jesus is about to fulfill His mission through His death, resurrection, and ascension.

I am going
The Greek verb "going" (ὑπάγω, hypagō) suggests a purposeful departure. Jesus is not merely leaving; He is returning to the Father with intention and mission. This reflects the divine plan and the fulfillment of His earthly ministry. Theologically, it underscores the voluntary nature of Jesus' sacrifice and His obedience to the Father's will.

to Him who sent Me
This phrase highlights the intimate relationship between Jesus and the Father. The Greek word for "sent" (πέμπω, pempō) implies a mission with authority. Jesus' entire ministry is framed as a divine commission from the Father. This underscores the Trinitarian relationship and the unity of purpose within the Godhead. It also reassures believers of the divine origin and authority of Jesus' work.

Yet none of you asks Me
The use of "none" (οὐδείς, oudeis) is emphatic, pointing to the disciples' lack of understanding or perhaps their fear and confusion. Despite their close relationship with Jesus, they fail to grasp the significance of His departure. This highlights the human tendency to focus on immediate concerns rather than divine purposes. It also sets the stage for the coming of the Holy Spirit, who will guide them into all truth.

‘Where are You going?’
This question, or rather the lack of it, reveals the disciples' preoccupation with their own sorrow and loss. The Greek word for "where" (ποῦ, pou) suggests a search for understanding. Jesus' gentle rebuke indicates that their focus should be on the divine plan rather than their personal grief. This invites believers to trust in God's greater purposes, even when they are not immediately clear. Historically, this moment foreshadows the coming revelation and empowerment at Pentecost, when the disciples will fully understand and embrace their mission.

Instead
The word "instead" serves as a contrastive conjunction, indicating a shift from what might be expected to what is actually occurring. In the context of John 16, Jesus is speaking to His disciples about His impending departure. The Greek word used here is "ἀλλὰ" (alla), which often introduces a strong contrast. This highlights the unexpected nature of the disciples' reaction. Instead of joy or understanding, their hearts are filled with sorrow, underscoring the depth of their emotional struggle and the human tendency to focus on immediate loss rather than future hope.

your hearts
The phrase "your hearts" refers to the innermost being of the disciples, encompassing their emotions, thoughts, and will. In biblical terms, the heart is often seen as the center of one's spiritual and emotional life. The Greek word "καρδία" (kardia) is used here, which is the root of the English word "cardiac." This emphasizes the personal and profound nature of their sorrow, as it is not just a superficial feeling but a deep-seated emotional response to Jesus' words.

are filled
The phrase "are filled" indicates a state of being overwhelmed or completely occupied by something. The Greek verb "πεπλήρωται" (peplērōtai) is in the perfect tense, suggesting a completed action with ongoing effects. This implies that the disciples' sorrow is not a fleeting emotion but a pervasive and enduring state. It reflects the intensity of their grief and the impact of Jesus' revelation on their current state of mind.

with sorrow
"Sorrow" here is translated from the Greek word "λύπη" (lypē), which denotes deep grief or distress. This word is often used in the New Testament to describe the kind of sorrow that accompanies loss or suffering. The disciples are experiencing a profound sense of loss at the thought of Jesus leaving them. This sorrow is not just emotional but also spiritual, as they grapple with the implications of His departure for their mission and future.

because I have told you these things
This phrase provides the reason for the disciples' sorrow. Jesus has been speaking to them about His departure, the coming of the Holy Spirit, and the challenges they will face. The Greek word "εἴρηκα" (eirēka) is used for "I have told," which is in the perfect tense, indicating that Jesus' words have a lasting impact. The phrase "these things" refers to the preceding discourse, where Jesus prepares His disciples for the trials ahead. Their sorrow stems from a lack of understanding of the greater purpose behind His words, highlighting the tension between human perception and divine revelation.

But I tell you the truth
This phrase underscores the sincerity and authority of Jesus' words. The Greek word for "truth" is "aletheia," which signifies not just factual accuracy but also divine reality. Jesus, as the embodiment of truth (John 14:6), assures His disciples that what He is about to say is not only true but essential for their understanding and spiritual growth. In a world filled with uncertainty, Jesus' truth is a firm foundation.

it is for your benefit
The Greek word "sympherei" is used here, meaning "to bring together" or "to be profitable." Jesus emphasizes that His departure is advantageous for the disciples. This statement challenges the immediate emotional response of loss, inviting the disciples to trust in God's greater plan. Historically, this reflects the transition from Jesus' earthly ministry to the era of the Holy Spirit, marking a new phase in God's redemptive work.

that I am going away
The phrase "going away" refers to Jesus' impending death, resurrection, and ascension. This departure is not abandonment but a necessary step in the divine plan. Theologically, it signifies the completion of Jesus' earthly mission and the beginning of His heavenly intercession. The disciples' understanding of Jesus' mission would deepen as they witnessed these events unfold.

Unless I go away
This conditional statement highlights the necessity of Jesus' departure for the coming of the Holy Spirit. The Greek word "ean" (unless) introduces a condition that must be met for the subsequent promise to be fulfilled. This reflects the divine order and timing in God's plan, where each event is intricately connected to the fulfillment of His purposes.

the Advocate
The term "Advocate" is translated from the Greek "Parakletos," meaning "one who is called alongside to help." This title for the Holy Spirit encompasses roles such as Comforter, Counselor, and Helper. The Advocate's presence would empower the disciples, guiding them into all truth and equipping them for their mission. This promise assures believers of God's continual presence and support.

will not come to you
The coming of the Holy Spirit is contingent upon Jesus' departure. This highlights the unique roles within the Trinity and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan. The Spirit's coming would inaugurate a new era of intimacy and empowerment for the disciples, enabling them to carry forward the mission of Christ with divine assistance.

but if I go
This phrase reiterates the necessity of Jesus' departure. The "if" here is not a question of possibility but a statement of certainty. Jesus' going is part of the divine plan, and His assurance reflects the certainty of the Spirit's coming. This transition from Jesus' physical presence to the Spirit's indwelling presence marks a profound shift in how God relates to His people.

I will send Him to you
The promise of sending the Holy Spirit is a testament to Jesus' ongoing care and provision for His followers. The Greek verb "pempo" (to send) indicates a deliberate and purposeful action. This sending is an act of divine love, ensuring that the disciples are not left as orphans (John 14:18) but are empowered to continue the work of the Kingdom. The Holy Spirit's presence would be a source of strength, guidance, and comfort, fulfilling Jesus' promise to be with His followers always.

And when He comes
This phrase refers to the coming of the Holy Spirit, as promised by Jesus to His disciples. The Greek word for "comes" is "erchomai," which implies not just arrival but an active presence. Historically, this coming is fulfilled at Pentecost, as recorded in Acts 2, when the Holy Spirit descended upon the apostles. This event marked a new era in God's redemptive plan, where the Spirit would dwell within believers, guiding and empowering them.

He will convict
The Greek word for "convict" is "elegcho," which means to expose, reprove, or convince. This is a legal term that suggests a courtroom setting where evidence is presented to prove a case. The Holy Spirit's role is to reveal the truth about sin, righteousness, and judgment, bringing an awareness that leads to repentance. This conviction is not merely about guilt but is intended to lead individuals to a transformative understanding of their need for Christ.

the world
In this context, "the world" refers to humanity in its fallen state, often characterized by opposition to God. The Greek word "kosmos" can mean the physical world, but here it signifies the moral and spiritual order that is contrary to God's kingdom. The Holy Spirit's work of conviction is universal, reaching out to all people, regardless of their background or beliefs, to draw them towards the truth of the Gospel.

in regard to sin
The term "sin" in Greek is "hamartia," which means missing the mark or falling short of God's standard. The Holy Spirit convicts the world of sin by revealing the reality of human rebellion against God. This conviction is necessary because, without an understanding of sin, there can be no recognition of the need for a Savior. The Spirit highlights the gravity of sin, not to condemn, but to lead individuals to repentance and faith in Jesus Christ.

and righteousness
Righteousness, or "dikaiosyne" in Greek, refers to the state of being right with God. The Holy Spirit convicts the world of righteousness by pointing to Jesus as the standard of true righteousness. Historically, Jesus' life, death, and resurrection demonstrated perfect obedience to the Father, providing the basis for believers to be declared righteous through faith. The Spirit's role is to reveal this truth, encouraging individuals to seek righteousness through Christ alone.

and judgment
The Greek word for "judgment" is "krisis," which implies a decision or verdict. The Holy Spirit convicts the world of judgment by revealing the reality of God's impending judgment on sin and evil. This conviction serves as a warning and a call to repentance, emphasizing the urgency of turning to Christ for salvation. The Spirit assures believers of their deliverance from judgment through Jesus' atoning sacrifice, while also reminding the world of the consequences of rejecting God's offer of grace.

in regard to sin
The phrase "in regard to sin" introduces the subject of sin as a central theme in this verse. The Greek word for sin, "hamartia," conveys the idea of missing the mark or falling short of God's standard. In the context of the Gospel of John, sin is not merely a list of wrongdoings but a fundamental separation from God. This separation is highlighted by the failure to recognize and accept Jesus as the Messiah. The Holy Spirit's role, as described in this passage, is to convict the world of this sin, emphasizing the need for repentance and reconciliation with God.

because they do not believe
The phrase "because they do not believe" points to unbelief as the root cause of sin. The Greek word for believe, "pisteuo," implies trust, faith, and reliance. In the Gospel of John, belief is not just intellectual assent but a deep, personal trust in Jesus Christ. The failure to believe in Jesus is the ultimate sin because it rejects the only means of salvation and reconciliation with God. This unbelief is not just a passive state but an active rejection of the truth revealed in Christ.

in Me
The phrase "in Me" is central to understanding the object of belief. Jesus is the focal point of faith, and the preposition "in" (Greek "eis") suggests a movement towards and a resting in Jesus. This belief is not merely about accepting facts about Jesus but entering into a relationship with Him. The historical context of this statement is crucial, as Jesus is speaking to His disciples about the coming of the Holy Spirit, who will testify about Him and convict the world of its need for Him. The phrase underscores the exclusivity of Christ as the way to the Father, a theme that resonates throughout the Gospel of John.

in regard to righteousness
The term "righteousness" in this context is derived from the Greek word "δικαιοσύνη" (dikaiosynē), which signifies a state of being right or just. In the biblical narrative, righteousness is often associated with God's character and His standards. Here, Jesus is speaking about a divine righteousness that is revealed through His life, death, and resurrection. This righteousness is not merely a moral or ethical standard but a transformative gift from God, imparted to believers through faith in Christ. Historically, righteousness in the Jewish context was closely tied to adherence to the Law. However, Jesus redefines it as a relational standing with God, made possible through His sacrificial work.

because I am going to the Father
This phrase highlights the ascension of Jesus, a pivotal event in Christian theology. The Greek word for "going" is "πορεύομαι" (poreuomai), which implies a purposeful journey or mission. Jesus' return to the Father signifies the completion of His earthly mission and the beginning of His heavenly intercession for believers. Theologically, this underscores the belief in Jesus as the mediator between God and humanity. His ascension is a testament to His divine authority and the fulfillment of His promise to prepare a place for His followers (John 14:2-3). Historically, the ascension is celebrated as a confirmation of Jesus' victory over sin and death, and His exaltation at the right hand of God.

and you will no longer see Me
This phrase speaks to the physical departure of Jesus from His disciples, which would soon occur. The Greek word for "see" is "θεωρέω" (theōreō), meaning to behold or observe. Jesus is preparing His disciples for the reality of His absence, which would be a significant transition for them. However, this absence is not without purpose. It paves the way for the coming of the Holy Spirit, who will guide, comfort, and empower the believers. In a broader scriptural context, this statement emphasizes the shift from a physical to a spiritual relationship with Christ. The historical context of this transition is crucial, as it marks the beginning of the Church era, where believers live by faith and not by sight (2 Corinthians 5:7). This assurance of spiritual presence is a cornerstone of Christian hope and perseverance.

and in regard to judgment
The word "judgment" in Greek is "krisis," which refers to a decision or verdict. In the context of this verse, it signifies the divine judgment that is rendered by God. Historically, judgment is a central theme in the Bible, representing God's righteous assessment of humanity. This phrase indicates that the Holy Spirit will convict the world of its erroneous judgments and reveal the truth of God's ultimate justice. Theologically, it underscores the certainty of God's moral order and the eventual accountability of all creation to His standards.

because the prince of this world
The "prince of this world" refers to Satan, who is often depicted in Scripture as having temporary dominion over earthly affairs. The Greek term "archon" implies a ruler or authority figure. In the historical context of the New Testament, this title reflects the pervasive influence of evil in the world, which Jesus came to confront and overcome. This phrase serves as a reminder of the spiritual battle between good and evil, and the temporary nature of Satan's power in light of Christ's victory.

has been condemned
The Greek word for "condemned" is "kekritai," which is in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing effects. This signifies that Satan's defeat is not just a future event but a present reality due to Christ's work on the cross. Historically, this condemnation is rooted in the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus, which marked the decisive victory over sin and death. Theologically, it assures believers of the ultimate triumph of God's kingdom and the assurance that evil will not prevail. This phrase inspires hope and confidence in the believer, affirming that the forces of darkness have already been judged and defeated by Christ's redemptive work.

I still have much to tell you
This phrase indicates the ongoing revelation and teaching that Jesus intends for His disciples. The Greek word for "much" (πολλά, polla) suggests a vast amount of information or truth that remains to be disclosed. This reflects the depth and breadth of Jesus' wisdom and the divine mysteries of God's kingdom. Historically, this points to the progressive revelation of God's plan, which unfolds throughout the New Testament and continues through the Holy Spirit's guidance. Jesus, as the divine teacher, acknowledges the limitations of human understanding at that moment, yet promises further enlightenment.

but you cannot yet bear to hear it
The phrase "cannot yet bear" uses the Greek word δύνασθε (dunasthe), meaning "to be able" or "to have the power." This implies that the disciples, at that time, lacked the spiritual capacity or maturity to fully comprehend or handle the profound truths Jesus wished to impart. The historical context here is crucial; the disciples were still grappling with the immediate realities of Jesus' impending crucifixion and their own expectations of a messianic kingdom. This statement is both a recognition of their current limitations and a promise of future growth. It underscores the necessity of the Holy Spirit, who would later empower and enlighten them, enabling them to understand and bear the full weight of Jesus' teachings. This reflects a broader scriptural theme of spiritual growth and maturity, as believers are gradually transformed and equipped to grasp deeper spiritual truths.

However
This word serves as a transition, indicating a shift from the previous discussion. In the context of John 16, Jesus is preparing His disciples for His departure and the coming of the Holy Spirit. The use of "however" suggests a contrast between the disciples' current sorrow and the future guidance and comfort they will receive from the Holy Spirit.

when He, the Spirit of truth, comes
The "Spirit of truth" refers to the Holy Spirit, emphasizing His role in revealing and affirming the truth of God. The Greek word for "truth" is "aletheia," which implies not just factual accuracy but also divine reality. The coming of the Spirit marks a new era in God's redemptive plan, where the Spirit will dwell within believers, guiding them in understanding and living out God's truth.

He will guide you into all truth
The Greek word for "guide" is "hodegeo," meaning to lead or show the way. This phrase assures believers that the Holy Spirit will lead them into a deeper understanding of God's truth. The "all truth" encompasses the full revelation of God's will and purpose, as revealed in Scripture and through the life and teachings of Jesus Christ. This guidance is continuous and personal, ensuring that believers are not left to navigate their spiritual journey alone.

For He will not speak on His own
This highlights the unity and harmony within the Trinity. The Holy Spirit does not act independently but communicates the will and message of the Father and the Son. This assurance underscores the reliability and divine origin of the Spirit's guidance, as it is not based on human wisdom but on the eternal counsel of God.

but He will speak what He hears
The phrase emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit as a divine messenger. The Spirit conveys the truths and instructions from the Father and the Son to the believers. This process ensures that the message is consistent with God's character and purposes, providing believers with confidence in the Spirit's guidance.

and He will declare to you what is to come
The Holy Spirit's role includes revealing future events and truths that are essential for the believers' faith and mission. This prophetic aspect of the Spirit's work is seen throughout the New Testament, where the Spirit provides insight into God's unfolding plan. The Greek word "anaggello" for "declare" implies a proclamation or announcement, indicating the Spirit's active role in communicating God's future purposes to His people.

He will glorify Me
This phrase refers to the Holy Spirit, who is the subject of Jesus' discourse in this chapter. The Greek word for "glorify" is "doxazō," which means to honor, magnify, or make glorious. In the context of the New Testament, glorification often involves revealing the true nature and character of God. The Holy Spirit's role is to illuminate the person and work of Jesus Christ, making His glory known to believers. Historically, this glorification is seen in the Spirit's work in the early church, as recorded in the Book of Acts, where the apostles, empowered by the Spirit, boldly proclaimed the gospel, leading to the spread of Christianity.

because He will take from what is Mine
The phrase "take from what is Mine" indicates the intimate relationship between Jesus and the Holy Spirit. The Greek word "lambanō" is used here, meaning to receive or take. This suggests that the Holy Spirit does not act independently but derives His message and mission from Jesus. This reflects the unity and harmony within the Trinity, where the Spirit's work is a continuation of Christ's mission on earth. Theologically, this underscores the belief that the Holy Spirit's teachings and guidance are consistent with the teachings of Jesus, ensuring that the message of the gospel remains pure and unaltered.

and will declare it to you
The word "declare" comes from the Greek "anaggellō," meaning to announce, report, or make known. This highlights the communicative role of the Holy Spirit, who actively reveals and explains the truths of Christ to believers. Historically, this declaration has been experienced through the inspiration of Scripture, the conviction of sin, and the guidance in truth. The Spirit's declaration is not just informational but transformational, leading believers into a deeper understanding and relationship with Jesus. This ongoing revelation is essential for the life of the church, as it ensures that the teachings of Christ are continually applied to the lives of believers in every generation.

Everything that belongs to the Father
This phrase underscores the profound unity and shared authority between the Father and the Son. In the Greek, "πάντα ὅσα ἔχει ὁ Πατήρ" (panta hosa echei ho Patēr) emphasizes the totality of what the Father possesses. This includes divine attributes, authority, and the fullness of wisdom and knowledge. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of God as the ultimate sovereign, and here, Jesus claims that all of this divine sovereignty is also His. This is a powerful affirmation of the deity of Christ, aligning with the conservative Christian belief in the Trinity, where the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit are distinct yet one in essence.

is Mine
The Greek "ἐστιν ἐμὰ" (estin ema) is a declaration of possession and unity. Jesus is not merely a messenger or a prophet; He is asserting His divine nature and equality with the Father. This statement is crucial for understanding the relationship within the Trinity. It affirms that Jesus, as the Son, shares in the divine nature and authority of the Father. This is a cornerstone of conservative Christian theology, which holds that Jesus is fully God and fully man, possessing all the attributes of God.

That is why I said
This phrase serves as a bridge, connecting Jesus' previous teachings with the current revelation. It indicates continuity and consistency in His message. The Greek "διὰ τοῦτο εἶπον" (dia touto eipon) suggests a reasoned explanation, emphasizing that Jesus' teachings are deliberate and purposeful. This reflects the historical context of Jesus' ministry, where He often explained His actions and teachings to His disciples, preparing them for the coming of the Holy Spirit.

the Spirit will receive from Me
Here, the role of the Holy Spirit is highlighted. The Greek "λαμβάνει ἐκ τοῦ ἐμοῦ" (lambanei ek tou emou) indicates a transmission of divine truth and authority from Jesus to the Spirit. This reflects the Trinitarian relationship, where the Spirit acts in perfect harmony with the Father and the Son. In a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the belief that the Holy Spirit is not an independent force but is fully integrated into the Godhead, working to reveal and apply the truths of Christ to believers.

what He will make known to you
The Greek "ἀναγγελεῖ ὑμῖν" (anangelei hymin) means to announce or declare. This phrase promises that the Holy Spirit will actively communicate and reveal divine truths to the disciples. Historically, this was fulfilled at Pentecost and continues in the life of believers today. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit in guiding, teaching, and empowering believers to understand and live out the teachings of Jesus. It assures Christians that they are not left to their own devices but are continually supported and enlightened by the Spirit.

In a little while
This phrase, "In a little while," is a translation of the Greek word "mikron," which denotes a short period of time. In the context of John 16:16, Jesus is speaking to His disciples about His impending departure through His death and resurrection. Historically, this phrase reflects the urgency and immediacy of the events that are about to unfold. Jesus is preparing His disciples for the transition from His physical presence to His spiritual presence through the Holy Spirit. Theologically, this phrase reassures believers of the temporary nature of trials and the promise of Christ's return.

you will see Me no more
The phrase "you will see Me no more" refers to Jesus' crucifixion and burial. The Greek word "theoreite" is used here, which means to behold or to look upon. This indicates a physical absence that the disciples will experience. Historically, this was a time of great confusion and sorrow for the disciples, as they did not fully understand the necessity of Jesus' death. Scripturally, this absence is a pivotal moment in the salvation narrative, as it leads to the fulfillment of prophecy and the ultimate victory over sin and death.

and then after a little while
This repetition of "a little while" emphasizes the brief nature of the separation. The Greek word "palin" is used here, meaning "again" or "anew," suggesting a renewal or restoration. This phrase is a promise of hope and continuity, indicating that the separation is not permanent. In the broader biblical context, it points to the resurrection, where Jesus will appear to His disciples again, affirming His victory over death and His divine nature.

you will see Me
The phrase "you will see Me" is a promise of Jesus' resurrection and His appearances to the disciples thereafter. The Greek word "opsesthe" is used, which means to see or perceive. This seeing is not just physical but also spiritual, as the disciples will come to understand the significance of Jesus' death and resurrection. Historically, this was fulfilled when Jesus appeared to His disciples after His resurrection, providing them with undeniable proof of His triumph over the grave. Theologically, this seeing is a foretaste of the eternal vision of Christ that believers will experience in the fullness of time.

Then some of His disciples
This phrase indicates a specific group within the larger body of Jesus' followers. The Greek word for "disciples" is μαθηταί (mathētai), which means learners or students. This highlights the intimate relationship between Jesus and His followers, who are in a constant state of learning and growing in understanding. Historically, discipleship in the Jewish context involved close association with a teacher, suggesting that these individuals were deeply invested in Jesus' teachings and mission.

asked one another
The disciples are engaging in a communal inquiry, reflecting a common practice in Jewish learning where discussion and debate were encouraged to deepen understanding. The Greek word used here is ἔλεγον (elegon), which implies a continuous or repeated action, suggesting that this was not a casual question but a pressing concern among them. This communal questioning underscores the importance of fellowship and collective seeking of truth within the Christian community.

What does He mean by saying
This phrase reveals the disciples' confusion and desire for clarity. The Greek word for "mean" is λέγει (legei), which can also be translated as "speak" or "say." This indicates that the disciples are not just seeking a surface-level understanding but are probing the deeper significance of Jesus' words. It reflects the human struggle to comprehend divine mysteries and the need for spiritual insight.

‘In a little while you will not see Me
The phrase "in a little while" is translated from the Greek word μικρόν (mikron), meaning a short time. This suggests an imminent change in the disciples' experience of Jesus' presence. The historical context here is crucial, as Jesus is speaking of His impending death and resurrection. The phrase "you will not see Me" foreshadows the crucifixion, a time of trial and testing for the disciples' faith.

and then after a little while you will see Me,’
The repetition of "a little while" emphasizes the temporary nature of Jesus' absence. The Greek word for "see" is ὄψεσθε (opsesthe), which implies a future vision or revelation. This points to the resurrection, where Jesus would appear to His disciples, affirming His victory over death. This promise of seeing Jesus again offers hope and assurance, reminding believers of the resurrection's centrality to the Christian faith.

and ‘Because I am going to the Father’?
This phrase encapsulates the purpose of Jesus' departure. The Greek word for "going" is ὑπάγω (hypagō), which means to go away or depart. This indicates Jesus' return to the Father, completing His earthly mission. Theologically, this points to the ascension, where Jesus is exalted and intercedes for believers. It reassures the disciples that His departure is part of God's redemptive plan, providing a foundation for the hope of eternal life and the coming of the Holy Spirit.

They kept asking
This phrase indicates a continuous action, suggesting that the disciples were persistently questioning among themselves. The Greek verb used here, "ἔλεγον" (elegon), is in the imperfect tense, which conveys an ongoing action in the past. This reflects the disciples' confusion and their earnest desire to understand Jesus' teachings. Historically, this moment captures the disciples' struggle to grasp the full meaning of Jesus' words, a common theme throughout the Gospels as they grapple with the spiritual truths He presents.

What does He mean
The disciples are seeking clarity on Jesus' statement. This phrase underscores their lack of understanding and the mystery surrounding Jesus' teachings. The Greek word "τί" (ti) translates to "what," indicating their quest for comprehension. This reflects a broader theme in the Gospel of John, where Jesus often speaks in ways that challenge conventional understanding, inviting deeper reflection and spiritual insight.

by 'a little while'?
The phrase "a little while" is pivotal in this passage. In Greek, "μικρὸν" (mikron) suggests a short, indefinite period. This term is used by Jesus to describe both His impending departure and His return, which confuses the disciples. Theologically, this phrase points to the imminent events of Jesus' death, resurrection, and the coming of the Holy Spirit. It invites believers to trust in God's timing, even when it is not fully understood.

We do not understand
This admission of the disciples highlights their human limitations and the complexity of Jesus' message. The Greek word "οἴδαμεν" (oidamen) means "we know," but here it is used in the negative, emphasizing their lack of knowledge. This moment of vulnerability is significant, as it shows that even those closest to Jesus struggled with doubt and confusion. It serves as an encouragement to modern believers that faith often involves wrestling with uncertainty.

what He is saying
The disciples' struggle to comprehend Jesus' words is a recurring theme in the Gospels. The Greek verb "λαλεῖ" (lalei) means "he is saying" or "he speaks," indicating the active and ongoing nature of Jesus' communication. This highlights the dynamic and living nature of God's Word, which continually speaks to believers across time. The disciples' confusion invites readers to seek the guidance of the Holy Spirit for understanding, as Jesus promised that the Spirit would lead them into all truth (John 16:13).

Aware that they wanted to ask Him
The phrase begins with Jesus' awareness, which underscores His divine omniscience. The Greek word for "aware" is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which implies a deep, intimate knowledge. This reflects Jesus' understanding of the hearts and minds of His disciples, a theme consistent throughout the Gospels. His awareness is not just of their questions but of their inner turmoil and confusion, highlighting His role as the Good Shepherd who knows His sheep intimately.

Jesus said to them
Here, Jesus takes the initiative to address the unspoken questions of His disciples. The Greek verb "λέγω" (legō) is used, which means to speak or to say. This action demonstrates Jesus' proactive approach in teaching and comforting His followers. It is a reminder of His role as the Rabbi, the Teacher, who guides His disciples into truth, often anticipating their needs before they express them.

Are you asking one another
This phrase indicates the disciples' confusion and their tendency to seek understanding among themselves rather than directly from Jesus. The Greek word "ἐρωτάω" (erōtaō) means to ask or inquire, suggesting a search for clarity. Historically, this reflects the common practice of rabbinical students discussing teachings among themselves. Jesus' question gently redirects them to seek answers from Him, the source of truth.

why I said
Jesus refers to His previous statement, emphasizing the importance of His words. The Greek "ὅτι" (hoti) introduces a direct quotation, indicating that what follows is a critical teaching moment. This phrase serves as a reminder of the authority of Jesus' words and the need for the disciples to pay close attention to His teachings, which often contain deeper spiritual truths.

‘In a little while you will not see Me
This part of the verse speaks to the imminent events of Jesus' crucifixion and burial. The Greek phrase "μικρὸν" (mikron) means "a little while," indicating a short period. Historically, this refers to the time between Jesus' death and resurrection. The disciples' inability to see Jesus physically during this time symbolizes the temporary nature of their sorrow and confusion.

and then after a little while you will see Me’
The promise of seeing Jesus again points to His resurrection. The repetition of "μικρὸν" (mikron) emphasizes the brevity of their separation. The Greek verb "ὄψομαι" (opsomai), meaning "to see," implies not just physical sight but also spiritual insight. This promise foreshadows the joy and understanding that will come with the resurrection, offering hope and assurance to the disciples.

Truly, truly
The phrase "Truly, truly" is translated from the Greek "ἀμὴν ἀμὴν" (amen amen), which is a solemn affirmation of truth. In the Jewish tradition, "amen" is a declaration of certainty and faithfulness. Jesus uses this double affirmation to emphasize the importance and certainty of His statement. It is a call to the disciples to pay close attention, as what follows is of utmost significance. This repetition underscores the reliability of Jesus' words, assuring the disciples that despite the impending sorrow, His promises are trustworthy.

I tell you
This phrase indicates a direct and personal communication from Jesus to His disciples. The Greek "λέγω ὑμῖν" (lego hymin) suggests an intimate and authoritative declaration. Jesus is not merely sharing information; He is imparting a truth that is meant to prepare and comfort His followers. This personal address highlights the relational aspect of Jesus' ministry, where He speaks directly into the lives of those He loves.

you will weep and wail
The Greek words "κλαύσετε καὶ θρηνήσετε" (klauseite kai thrēnēsete) describe intense expressions of sorrow. "Weep" (klauseite) refers to shedding tears, while "wail" (thrēnēsete) suggests a loud lamentation, often associated with mourning the dead. This prophecy of sorrow is directly linked to the impending crucifixion of Jesus, a moment of profound loss for the disciples. Historically, such expressions of grief were common in Jewish culture, often involving public displays of mourning.

while the world rejoices
The "world" (κόσμος, kosmos) here refers to the secular and unbelieving society that stands in opposition to Jesus and His mission. The rejoicing of the world contrasts sharply with the disciples' sorrow, as the world perceives the crucifixion as a victory over Jesus. This dichotomy highlights the spiritual blindness of the world, which fails to recognize the true significance of Jesus' sacrifice. The historical context of Roman and Jewish authorities celebrating their perceived triumph over a revolutionary further illustrates this point.

You will grieve
The Greek "λυπηθήσεσθε" (lypēthēsesthe) conveys a deep, internal sorrow. This grief is not just emotional but spiritual, as the disciples grapple with the apparent defeat of their Messiah. The use of the future tense indicates that this grief is certain and unavoidable, yet it is also temporary. This assurance is rooted in the broader narrative of redemption that Jesus is unfolding.

but your grief will turn to joy
The transformation from grief to joy is central to the Christian message of hope and resurrection. The Greek "ἡ λύπη ὑμῶν εἰς χαρὰν γενήσεται" (hē lypē hymōn eis charan genēsetai) suggests a complete reversal of circumstances. This joy is not merely the absence of sorrow but the presence of a profound, divine joy that comes from the resurrection of Christ. Historically, this joy is fulfilled in the resurrection appearances of Jesus, which validate His victory over death and affirm the disciples' faith. Scripturally, this promise of joy is echoed throughout the New Testament, where believers are encouraged to find joy in the hope of eternal life through Christ.

A woman has pain in childbirth
The phrase "a woman has pain in childbirth" draws from the Greek word "λύπη" (lypē), which signifies sorrow or pain. This imagery is deeply rooted in the Genesis account, where childbirth pain is part of the curse following the Fall (Genesis 3:16). Historically, childbirth has been a perilous and painful process, symbolizing the trials and tribulations faced in life. In a broader spiritual context, this pain can be seen as the suffering and struggles believers endure in the world, awaiting the fulfillment of God's promises.

because her time has come
The phrase "because her time has come" uses the Greek "ὥρα" (hōra), meaning hour or time. This indicates a divinely appointed moment, much like the "hour" of Jesus' own suffering and glorification. It suggests that there is a purpose and a season for every trial, ordained by God. Theologically, it reassures believers that their sufferings are not random but are part of God's sovereign plan.

but when she brings forth her child
The transition "but when she brings forth her child" introduces a shift from pain to joy. The Greek "γεννήσῃ" (gennēsē) means to give birth, emphasizing the culmination of the labor process. This reflects the biblical theme of redemption and new beginnings, where suffering leads to the birth of something new and glorious. It is a metaphor for the resurrection and the new life believers have in Christ.

she forgets her anguish
The phrase "she forgets her anguish" uses the Greek "μνημονεύει" (mnēmoneuei), meaning to remember or recall. The forgetting here is not literal but signifies the overwhelming joy that overshadows past pain. This mirrors the Christian hope that the glory to come will far outweigh present sufferings (Romans 8:18). It is a promise of divine comfort and restoration.

because of her joy
"Because of her joy" highlights the Greek "χαρά" (chara), meaning joy or gladness. This joy is profound and transformative, rooted in the fulfillment of God's promises. It is a foretaste of the eternal joy believers will experience in God's presence. Theologically, it underscores the Christian belief in joy as a fruit of the Spirit, transcending circumstances.

that a man is born into the world
Finally, "that a man is born into the world" uses the Greek "ἄνθρωπος" (anthrōpos), meaning human or man. This birth signifies the arrival of new life and hope. In a Christological sense, it echoes the incarnation of Christ, the ultimate "man" born into the world to bring salvation. It serves as a reminder of the new creation believers become in Christ, symbolizing the hope and renewal available through Him.

So also you have sorrow now
This phrase acknowledges the immediate context of the disciples' emotional state. The Greek word for "sorrow" is "λύπη" (lypē), which conveys a deep sense of grief or distress. Historically, this sorrow is tied to the impending crucifixion of Jesus, a moment of profound loss for the disciples. In a broader scriptural context, this sorrow can be seen as a reflection of the human condition in a fallen world, where suffering and pain are inevitable. Yet, this acknowledgment of sorrow is not without hope, as it is positioned as a temporary state.

but I will see you again
The promise "I will see you again" is a profound assurance from Jesus. The Greek verb "ὄψομαι" (opsomai) is in the future tense, indicating certainty and hope. This promise is not only about the post-resurrection appearances of Jesus but also points to the eschatological hope of His second coming. Historically, this assurance would have been a source of comfort to the early Christians facing persecution, reminding them of the ultimate victory and reunion with Christ.

and your hearts will rejoice
The transformation from sorrow to joy is encapsulated in this phrase. The Greek word for "rejoice" is "χαίρω" (chairō), which implies a deep, abiding joy that transcends circumstances. This joy is rooted in the presence of Christ and the fulfillment of His promises. Scripturally, joy is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22) and is often associated with salvation and the presence of God. This joy is not merely an emotional response but a profound state of being that reflects the believer's relationship with Christ.

and no one will take away your joy
This phrase emphasizes the permanence and security of the joy found in Christ. The Greek construction here underscores the impossibility of this joy being taken away, highlighting its divine origin and protection. Historically, this assurance would have been crucial for the early church, which faced external threats and persecution. In a broader theological context, this joy is a foretaste of the eternal joy promised in the new creation, where believers will dwell with God forever, free from sorrow and pain.

In that day
This phrase refers to a future time, specifically after Jesus' resurrection and the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. It signifies a new era in the relationship between God and humanity, where believers have direct access to the Father through Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "day" (ἡμέρα, hēmera) often symbolizes a significant period or event in biblical prophecy and fulfillment.

you will no longer ask Me anything
Here, Jesus indicates a shift in how His disciples will communicate with God. The Greek word for "ask" (ἐρωτάω, erōtaō) implies a direct questioning or inquiry. After Jesus' resurrection, the disciples will have a deeper understanding and will not need to ask Jesus directly, as the Holy Spirit will guide them into all truth (John 16:13).

Truly, truly, I tell you
The repetition of "truly" (ἀμὴν, amēn) emphasizes the certainty and importance of Jesus' statement. This phrase is used by Jesus to introduce a profound truth, underscoring His authority and the reliability of His words. It is a solemn affirmation that what follows is of utmost significance.

whatever you ask the Father in My name
This promise highlights the power and authority of Jesus' name in prayer. The Greek word for "ask" here is different (αἰτέω, aiteō), suggesting a request or petition. Praying "in My name" means approaching God with the authority of Jesus, aligning one's requests with His will and character. It reflects a deep relationship with Christ, where believers are empowered to pray according to His purposes.

He will give you
This assurance of answered prayer is contingent upon the alignment with God's will and the use of Jesus' name. The Greek verb "give" (δώσει, dōsei) indicates a future action, promising that God will respond to prayers made in faith and accordance with His divine plan. It reflects God's generosity and willingness to bless His children when they seek Him earnestly.

Until now
This phrase indicates a transition point in the disciples' relationship with Jesus. Up to this moment, they have relied on Jesus' physical presence for guidance and provision. The Greek word "ἄχρι" (achri) suggests a boundary or limit, emphasizing that a new era is beginning. Historically, this marks the shift from Jesus' earthly ministry to the era of the Holy Spirit, where believers are invited to engage directly with God through prayer.

you have not asked
The Greek verb "αἰτέω" (aiteo) means to ask or request. This implies a level of humility and dependence, recognizing one's need for divine intervention. The disciples had not yet fully grasped the power and privilege of prayer in Jesus' name, which is a new concept introduced by Christ. This highlights the evolving understanding of prayer in the New Covenant.

for anything
This phrase underscores the breadth and openness of what believers can bring before God. The Greek "οὐδέν" (ouden) means nothing or not even one thing, suggesting that no request is too small or too large. This reflects the boundless nature of God's grace and the comprehensive scope of His care for His children.

in My name
Praying in Jesus' name is a revolutionary concept introduced by Christ. The Greek "ὄνομα" (onoma) signifies more than just a label; it represents authority, character, and reputation. To ask in Jesus' name is to align one's requests with His will and purpose, invoking His authority and acknowledging His mediating role between God and humanity.

Ask and you will receive
This promise is both an invitation and a guarantee. The Greek "αἰτέω" (aiteo) is again used for ask, while "λαμβάνω" (lambano) means to receive or take. This reflects the certainty of God's response to prayers made in faith and accordance with His will. It encourages believers to approach God with confidence, knowing that He is a generous and responsive Father.

so that your joy
The purpose of answered prayer is not merely the fulfillment of needs but the deepening of joy. The Greek "χαρά" (chara) refers to a state of gladness and delight. This joy is rooted in the relationship with God and the assurance of His love and provision. It transcends circumstances and is a hallmark of the Christian life.

may be complete
The Greek "πληρόω" (pleroo) means to fill or make full. This suggests a joy that is not partial or temporary but whole and enduring. The completeness of joy is found in the fulfillment of God's promises and the believer's growing intimacy with Him. It points to the ultimate satisfaction found in a life aligned with God's purposes.

I have spoken these things
This phrase indicates the teachings and revelations Jesus has shared with His disciples. The Greek word for "spoken" is "λελάληκα" (lelalēka), which implies a continuous action in the past. Jesus has been consistently communicating profound truths to His disciples. Historically, this reflects the method of rabbinical teaching, where a teacher would impart wisdom over time, allowing students to gradually absorb and understand complex ideas.

to you
The direct address to the disciples emphasizes the personal relationship Jesus has with them. In the broader scriptural context, this personal communication underscores the intimate nature of Jesus' ministry. He is not a distant deity but a personal Savior who engages directly with His followers.

in figures of speech
The Greek term "παροιμίαις" (paroimiais) refers to proverbs, parables, or allegorical language. Jesus often used parables to convey deeper spiritual truths, which required contemplation and spiritual insight to understand. This method was common in Jewish teaching, where accounts and metaphors were used to reveal divine truths in a way that would resonate with the listeners' experiences and cultural context.

A time is coming
This phrase points to a future event or period. The Greek "ἔρχεται" (erchetai) suggests an imminent arrival, indicating a shift in how Jesus will communicate with His disciples. This anticipates the post-resurrection period and the coming of the Holy Spirit, who will guide the disciples into all truth (John 16:13).

when I will no longer speak to you in figures
Here, Jesus promises a change in His method of communication. The phrase "no longer" (οὐκέτι, ouketi) signifies a definitive end to the use of parables and indirect speech. This transition reflects the unfolding of God's redemptive plan, where the mysteries of the kingdom will be revealed more clearly.

but will tell you plainly
The word "plainly" (παρρησίᾳ, parrēsia) means openly, clearly, or boldly. This indicates a forthcoming clarity in Jesus' teachings. Historically, this aligns with the post-resurrection appearances of Jesus, where He explained the Scriptures concerning Himself (Luke 24:27). It also foreshadows the role of the Holy Spirit in illuminating the truth to believers.

about the Father
The focus on "the Father" highlights the central theme of Jesus' mission: to reveal God the Father to humanity. The Greek "περὶ τοῦ Πατρός" (peri tou Patros) emphasizes the relational aspect of God as Father, a revolutionary concept in the Jewish context of the time. This revelation of God as Father is foundational to Christian theology, underscoring the intimate relationship believers are invited into through Christ.

In that day
This phrase refers to a future time, specifically after Jesus' resurrection and the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost. In the context of John's Gospel, "that day" signifies a new era in the relationship between God and humanity, where believers have direct access to the Father through Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "day" (ἡμέρα, hēmera) often symbolizes a period of enlightenment and revelation, indicating a transformative time for the disciples and all believers.

you will ask
The Greek verb "ask" (αἰτέω, aiteō) implies a request or petition. In this context, it suggests a new level of intimacy and confidence in approaching God. The disciples are encouraged to present their needs directly to the Father, reflecting a shift from the Old Covenant, where priests acted as intermediaries, to the New Covenant, where Jesus Himself is the mediator.

in My name
This phrase is crucial in understanding the authority and power of Jesus. To ask "in My name" means to pray with the authority of Jesus, aligning one's requests with His will and character. The name of Jesus represents His identity, mission, and the salvation He provides. In the Jewish tradition, a name holds significant meaning, often reflecting the nature and destiny of a person. Thus, praying in Jesus' name is an acknowledgment of His divine role and our relationship with Him.

I am not saying
Here, Jesus clarifies His teaching to prevent misunderstanding. The phrase indicates a transition in His discourse, emphasizing the direct relationship believers will have with the Father. The Greek construction used here (οὐ λέγω, ou legō) is a strong negation, underscoring the importance of the point Jesus is making.

that I will ask the Father on your behalf
This statement highlights the direct access believers have to the Father through Jesus. While Jesus is our intercessor, this does not mean He needs to persuade the Father to listen to us. Instead, His role as mediator has already secured our relationship with God. The Greek word for "ask" here (ἐρωτάω, erōtaō) can also mean "to inquire" or "to request," indicating a dialogue rather than a one-sided petition. Jesus reassures His disciples that they can approach the Father directly, confident in His love and willingness to hear them.

For the Father Himself loves you
This phrase emphasizes the direct and personal love of God the Father for the believers. The Greek word for "loves" here is "φιλεῖ" (philei), which denotes a deep, affectionate love. This is not a distant or abstract love but a personal and intimate one. Historically, the Jewish understanding of God was often one of reverence and awe, sometimes emphasizing His transcendence. However, Jesus reveals a more intimate relationship, where God the Father is directly involved and emotionally invested in the lives of His followers. This love is not mediated through others but is direct, highlighting the personal relationship believers have with God.

because you have loved Me
The Greek word for "loved" here is "πεφιλήκατε" (pephilekate), which is a perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing results. This suggests that the love the disciples have for Jesus is not a fleeting emotion but a settled disposition that continues to influence their lives. In the context of the Gospel of John, love for Jesus is often demonstrated through obedience and commitment to His teachings. This phrase underscores the reciprocal nature of the relationship between the Father, Jesus, and the believers. The love for Jesus is a response to His revelation and work, and it is this love that aligns the believers with the Father's love.

and have believed
The Greek word for "believed" is "πεπιστεύκατε" (pepisteukate), also in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing effects. Belief in Jesus is not merely intellectual assent but involves trust and reliance on Him. This belief is foundational to the Christian faith and is what distinguishes the followers of Christ. Historically, belief in Jesus as the Messiah and the Son of God was a radical departure from traditional Jewish expectations of a political or military savior. This belief is transformative, affecting every aspect of the believer's life and aligning them with the purposes of God.

that I came from God
This phrase is central to the identity and mission of Jesus. The Greek word "ἐξῆλθον" (exēlthon) means "came" or "came forth," indicating origin and purpose. Jesus' coming from God signifies His divine origin and authority. In the historical context of the Gospel, this was a profound claim, as it directly linked Jesus with the divine, affirming His pre-existence and His role in the divine plan of salvation. This belief is crucial for understanding the nature of Jesus' mission and the basis for the relationship between God, Jesus, and the believers. It affirms the divine initiative in the work of salvation and the unique role of Jesus as the mediator between God and humanity.

I came from the Father
This phrase emphasizes the divine origin of Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "came" is "ἐξῆλθον" (exēlthon), which implies a purposeful departure or mission. In the context of the Gospel of John, this underscores the pre-existence of Christ and His divine mission. Theologically, this affirms the doctrine of the Trinity, where Jesus is eternally begotten of the Father, not made, and of one substance with the Father. Historically, this statement would have been radical to the Jewish audience, who understood God as singular and transcendent. Jesus' claim to have come from the Father directly challenges and expands their understanding of God's nature.

and entered the world
The phrase "entered the world" uses the Greek word "εἰσελήλυθα" (eiselēlytha), indicating a deliberate action of coming into the human realm. This speaks to the incarnation, where the Word became flesh (John 1:14). It highlights the humility and love of Christ, who left the glory of heaven to dwell among humanity. This act of entering the world is central to the Christian faith, as it signifies God’s willingness to engage with His creation intimately and personally. The historical context of this entry is significant, as it occurred during a time of Roman occupation and Jewish expectation of a Messiah, yet Jesus' mission was spiritual rather than political.

in turn
The phrase "in turn" is translated from the Greek "πάλιν" (palin), which means again or anew. This suggests a cyclical or purposeful return, indicating that Jesus' mission on earth was part of a divine plan that includes His return to the Father. It implies continuity and fulfillment of His earthly mission, reinforcing the idea that His time on earth was temporary and purposeful.

I am leaving the world
Here, "leaving" is from the Greek "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi), which can mean to send away or to depart. This signifies Jesus' impending departure through His death, resurrection, and ascension. It is a pivotal moment in the Gospel narrative, as it marks the completion of His earthly ministry and the beginning of His exaltation. Theologically, this departure is necessary for the coming of the Holy Spirit, as Jesus explains in earlier verses (John 16:7). Historically, this would have been a moment of confusion and sorrow for the disciples, who struggled to understand the necessity of His departure.

and going to the Father
The phrase "going to the Father" uses the Greek "πορεύομαι" (poreuomai), which means to go or to proceed. This indicates a return to the divine presence and authority of the Father. It signifies the completion of Jesus' redemptive work and His exaltation to the right hand of God. This return is not just a physical relocation but a restoration to His pre-incarnate glory. Scripturally, this is a fulfillment of the promises and prophecies concerning the Messiah's role as the mediator between God and humanity. It assures believers of Jesus' ongoing intercession and the hope of eternal life with the Father.

His disciples said
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in the dialogue between Jesus and His disciples. The Greek word for "disciples" is μαθηταί (mathētai), which means learners or followers. This term emphasizes the close relationship and the role of the disciples as students of Jesus, who is their Rabbi and teacher. Historically, discipleship in Jewish culture involved a deep commitment to learning and living out the teachings of one's master. Here, the disciples are responding to Jesus, indicating their engagement and the importance of the conversation.

See, now You are speaking plainly
The word "plainly" is translated from the Greek παρρησίᾳ (parrēsia), which means openly or clearly. This suggests a shift from the use of parables or figurative language to straightforward communication. The disciples express relief and understanding, as Jesus' previous teachings often involved complex metaphors. This moment reflects a deeper revelation and clarity in Jesus' message, aligning with the fulfillment of His mission and the preparation of the disciples for the coming events.

and without figures of speech
The phrase "figures of speech" comes from the Greek παροιμία (paroimia), which refers to proverbs or allegorical sayings. Jesus often used parables to convey spiritual truths, which required discernment and reflection. The disciples' recognition of Jesus speaking without such figures indicates a moment of enlightenment and direct communication. This transition is significant as it prepares the disciples for the imminent events of Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection, where understanding His words becomes crucial.

Now we understand
This phrase signifies a moment of clarity and realization for the disciples. The Greek word for "understand" is "oida," which implies a deep, intuitive knowledge. This understanding is not merely intellectual but spiritual, indicating a revelation that has been granted to them by the Holy Spirit. In the context of the Gospel of John, this moment is pivotal as it marks a transition from confusion to faith, a theme that resonates throughout the narrative.

that You know all things
The acknowledgment of Jesus' omniscience is profound. The Greek word "panta" means "all things," and it underscores the divine attribute of Jesus as all-knowing. This recognition by the disciples is crucial because it affirms Jesus' divine nature and His unity with the Father. In the Jewish tradition, only God is all-knowing, so this statement is a declaration of Jesus' divinity and a fulfillment of the messianic prophecies.

and that You have no need for anyone to question You
This phrase highlights Jesus' authority and the sufficiency of His wisdom. The Greek word "erotao" means "to question" or "to ask," and it implies that Jesus' knowledge is complete and perfect. In the historical context, rabbis and teachers were often questioned to test their understanding, but Jesus stands apart as one who possesses inherent wisdom. This reflects the fulfillment of Isaiah 11:2, where the Messiah is described as having the Spirit of wisdom and understanding.

This is why we believe
The disciples' belief is a response to the revelation of Jesus' divine nature. The Greek word "pisteuo" means "to believe" or "to have faith," and it is a central theme in John's Gospel. This belief is not based on human reasoning but on the revelation of Jesus' identity as the Son of God. It is a faith that is transformative and foundational for the Christian life.

that You came from God
This statement is a confession of Jesus' divine origin and mission. The Greek word "erchomai" means "to come" or "to go," and it signifies Jesus' incarnation and His purpose to fulfill God's redemptive plan. The phrase "from God" affirms Jesus' pre-existence and His unique relationship with the Father. In the broader scriptural context, this echoes John 1:14, where the Word became flesh and dwelt among us, revealing the glory of the Father.

“Do you now believe?”
“Do you”
This phrase is a direct address from Jesus to His disciples, indicating a moment of introspection and challenge. The Greek word used here is "ποιεῖτε" (poieite), which is a form of the verb "to do" or "to make." In this context, it suggests an action or decision that the disciples are being prompted to consider. Jesus is not merely asking a rhetorical question but is inviting His followers to reflect on the depth and authenticity of their faith. This moment is pivotal as it comes after Jesus has shared profound truths about His departure and the coming of the Holy Spirit. The question serves as a catalyst for the disciples to evaluate their understanding and commitment.

“now”
The use of "now" (νῦν, nyn) is significant as it denotes a specific moment in time. It implies urgency and immediacy, suggesting that the disciples' belief is being tested in the present circumstances. Historically, this moment is set during the Last Supper, a time of great emotional and spiritual intensity. Jesus is aware of the impending challenges His disciples will face, and the "now" underscores the necessity for them to solidify their faith before the trials of His crucifixion and their subsequent scattering.

“believe”
The Greek word for "believe" is "πιστεύετε" (pisteuete), which means to have faith or trust. In the biblical context, belief is not merely intellectual assent but involves a deep, personal trust in Jesus as the Messiah and Son of God. This belief is foundational to the Christian faith, as it encompasses trust in Jesus' teachings, His divine nature, and His redemptive work. Theologically, belief is the means by which individuals enter into a relationship with God, and it is through faith that they receive the promises of God. Jesus' question challenges the disciples to affirm their faith amidst uncertainty and foreshadows the testing of their belief in the events to come.

Look
The Greek word here is "ἰδοὺ" (idou), often translated as "behold" or "see." It is a call to attention, urging the disciples to focus on the gravity of the moment. This word serves as a divine imperative, drawing the listener into a deeper awareness of the unfolding events. In the biblical narrative, such calls to attention often precede significant revelations or actions, emphasizing the importance of what Jesus is about to disclose.

an hour is coming
The phrase "an hour" (Greek: "ὥρα" - hōra) signifies a specific, divinely appointed time. In the Gospel of John, "hour" frequently refers to the time of Jesus' passion, death, and glorification. This prophetic statement underscores the inevitability and divine orchestration of the events leading to the crucifixion. It reflects the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan, a theme deeply rooted in the prophetic tradition of the Old Testament.

and has already come
This phrase indicates the immediacy and present reality of the prophesied events. The use of the perfect tense in Greek ("ἤδη ἐλήλυθεν" - ēdē elēlythen) suggests that the process has already begun, emphasizing the certainty and unfolding nature of God's plan. It serves as a reminder of the divine timeline, which operates beyond human understanding, yet is perfectly orchestrated.

when you will be scattered
The Greek word "σκορπισθῆτε" (skorpisthēte) means to be dispersed or scattered. This scattering of the disciples fulfills the prophecy found in Zechariah 13:7, where the shepherd is struck, and the sheep are scattered. It highlights the human frailty and fear that will lead the disciples to abandon Jesus temporarily. This scattering is not just a physical dispersion but also a spiritual and emotional trial for the disciples.

each to his own home
This phrase indicates a return to individual safety and familiarity, a retreat from the collective mission. The Greek "εἰς τὰ ἴδια" (eis ta idia) suggests a withdrawal into personal spaces, symbolizing a momentary lapse in communal faith and mission. It reflects the human tendency to seek comfort in the familiar when faced with fear and uncertainty.

and you will leave Me all alone
The Greek "ἀφῆτε" (aphēte) means to leave or forsake. This poignant statement foreshadows the abandonment Jesus will experience, highlighting His isolation in the face of suffering. It echoes the lament of the psalmist in Psalm 22, a messianic psalm that Jesus will later quote on the cross. This abandonment underscores the depth of Jesus' sacrifice and His willingness to endure loneliness for humanity's redemption.

Yet I am not alone
Despite the impending desertion by His disciples, Jesus affirms His unity with the Father. The Greek "οὐκ εἰμὶ μόνος" (ouk eimi monos) emphasizes the divine companionship that sustains Him. This statement reflects the intimate relationship between Jesus and the Father, a central theme in the Gospel of John. It reassures believers of the constant presence of God, even in moments of profound isolation.

because the Father is with Me
The presence of the Father with Jesus is a testament to the unbroken divine fellowship and support. The Greek "ὅτι ὁ Πατὴρ μετ’ ἐμοῦ ἐστιν" (hoti ho Patēr met' emou estin) underscores the assurance and strength derived from this relationship. It serves as a model for believers, illustrating that divine presence is a source of comfort and strength in times of trial. This assurance is rooted in the covenantal faithfulness of God, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture.

I have told you these things
This phrase indicates that Jesus is preparing His disciples for what is to come. The Greek word for "told" is "λέγω" (legō), which implies a deliberate and authoritative communication. Jesus is not merely sharing information; He is imparting divine truth. The context here is the Upper Room Discourse, where Jesus is providing His final teachings before His crucifixion. This setting underscores the importance and urgency of His message.

so that in Me
The phrase "in Me" is crucial, as it emphasizes the intimate relationship between Jesus and His followers. The Greek preposition "ἐν" (en) denotes a fixed position, suggesting that true peace and security are found only within the sphere of Christ. This reflects the broader Johannine theme of abiding in Christ, as seen in John 15:4-5, where Jesus speaks of the vine and the branches.

you may have peace
The Greek word for "peace" is "εἰρήνη" (eirēnē), which conveys a sense of wholeness and well-being. In the Hebrew context, it aligns with "shalom," a comprehensive peace that encompasses spiritual, emotional, and physical well-being. Jesus offers a peace that transcends circumstances, contrasting with the temporary and often elusive peace the world offers.

In the world
This phrase acknowledges the reality of the disciples' earthly existence. The Greek word "κόσμος" (kosmos) refers to the world system, often in opposition to God's kingdom. It is a reminder that believers live in a fallen world, characterized by sin and opposition to God's purposes.

you will have tribulation
The term "tribulation" comes from the Greek "θλῖψις" (thlipsis), meaning pressure or distress. Jesus is candid about the challenges His followers will face. This is not a promise of a trouble-free life but an assurance that difficulties are part of the Christian journey. Historically, the early church faced persecution, and this statement prepared them for such trials.

But take courage
The Greek word "θαρσεῖτε" (tharseite) is an imperative, meaning "be of good cheer" or "take heart." It is a call to inner strength and confidence, not based on human ability but on divine assurance. This encouragement is rooted in the reality of Christ's victory.

I have overcome the world
The verb "overcome" is "νενίκηκα" (nenikēka), a perfect tense in Greek, indicating a completed action with ongoing effects. Jesus' victory over the world is definitive and eternal. This triumph is not just over physical or political systems but over sin, death, and spiritual forces. It assures believers that despite present struggles, the ultimate victory is secure in Christ. This statement is a profound source of hope and motivation for Christians to persevere in faith.