They have entered Aiath
The phrase "They have entered Aiath" refers to the Assyrian army's advance into the land of Israel. "Aiath" is another name for Ai, a city with historical significance in the Bible, notably in the Book of Joshua. The Hebrew root for Aiath is "עַי" (ʿAy), meaning "heap of ruins," which reflects the city's past destruction and rebuilding. This entry signifies the beginning of a campaign, a foreboding of the impending judgment and the relentless advance of the Assyrian forces. Historically, Ai was a city that Israel initially failed to conquer due to disobedience, but later succeeded, symbolizing the consequences of sin and the hope of redemption through obedience to God.

they have passed through Migron
The phrase "they have passed through Migron" indicates the Assyrian army's progression. Migron, mentioned in 1 Samuel 14:2, is a location near Gibeah, associated with King Saul. The Hebrew root "מִגְרוֹן" (Migron) suggests a precipice or a steep place, symbolizing a strategic military position. The passing through Migron implies a swift and determined movement, underscoring the inevitability of the Assyrian advance. This movement serves as a reminder of the relentless nature of God's judgment when His people stray from His commandments, yet it also foreshadows the eventual deliverance and hope for those who remain faithful.

they have stored their supplies at Michmash
The phrase "they have stored their supplies at Michmash" highlights the logistical preparation of the Assyrian army. Michmash, a town in the territory of Benjamin, is mentioned in 1 Samuel 13:23 as a strategic military location. The Hebrew root "מִכְמָשׂ" (Mikmash) means "hidden" or "stored," indicating a place of concealment or preparation. This act of storing supplies signifies the Assyrians' intent to establish a stronghold, preparing for a prolonged campaign. In a spiritual sense, it serves as a warning to believers about the importance of being spiritually prepared and vigilant, storing up faith and righteousness to withstand trials and adversities. Historically, Michmash was the site of a significant victory for Israel under Jonathan, Saul's son, symbolizing that even in the face of overwhelming odds, God's deliverance is possible for those who trust in Him.

(28) He is come to Aiath . . .--There is an obvious break between this and the preceding verse, and a new section begins, connected with the former by unity of subject, both referring to Sargon's invasion of Judah. That such an invasion took place at or about the time of that king's attack on Ashdod (Isaiah 20:1) the inscriptions leave no doubt. The Koujunyik cylinder names the king of Judah as having joined with the king of Ashdod; and in another, Sargon speaks of himself as "the subduer of the lands of Judah" (Layard, Inscriptions, xxxiii. 8). There is nothing in the passage itself to determine whether Isaiah 10:28-32 are predictive or historical, or when they were first uttered. Assuming that the Messianic prophecy of chap 11 is in close connection with them, it seems most probable that now, as in the earlier attack of Pekah and Rezin (Isaiah 7), as in the later invasion of Sennacherib (Isaiah 37), the bright vision of the future came to sustain the people when they were at their lowest point of depression. This would obviously be when Sargon's armies were actually encamped round the city, when they had reached the last halting-place of the itinerary which Isaiah traces out. We may infer accordingly that the Assyrian armies were then at or near Nob, and that the prophet, supplied, either by human agency or supernaturally, with a knowledge of the movements of the Assyrian armies, describes their progress to a terrified and expectant people, and fixes the final goal. That progress we now have to trace. (1) Aiath is probably identical with the Ai of Joshua 7:2, the Aija of Nehemiah 11:31, in the tribe of Benjamin, not far from Bethel. (2) Migron. The route taken was not the usual one, but passed over three valleys, probably with a view to surprise Jerusalem by an unexpected attack. The modern name, Bure Magrun, survives, a short distance from Bethel. (3) Michmash. Now Muchmas, on the east side of the Migron valley. Here the carriages, i.e., the baggage (Acts 21:15; 1Samuel 17:22), the impedimenta, of the Assyrian army was left behind that the host might advance with greater rapidity to immediate action. (4) Geba, in the tribe of Benjamin (1Chronicles 6:60). Here, after defiling through the "passages," probably the gorge of Wady Suweinit memorable for Jonathan s adventure (1Samuel 14:4-5), the army halted and encamped. (5) The panic spread rapidly to Ramah, memorable as the chief residence of Samuel (1Samuel 7:17). (6) The inhabitants of Gibeah, still retaining in its name its old association with the hero-king of Israel (1Samuel 11:4), left their town deserted and undefended. (7) Gallim, not now identifiable, but mentioned in 1Samuel 25:44. (8) Laieh, not the northern city of that name (Judges 18:29), but near Jerusalem. Read, Listen, O Laish, as if to the tramp of the armies as they passed. (9) Anathoth; about four miles north of Jerusalem, the birth-place of Jeremiah (Jeremiah 1:1). There is a special pathos in the prophet's accents, aniyah Anathoth. A various reading adopted by many critics gives, Answer, O Anathoth. (10) Madmenah, or Madmen, appears in Jeremiah 48:2, as a Moabite city. The name ("dung-hill") was, however, not an uncommon one. It is named (Joshua 15:31) as one of the south-eastern cities of Judah. (11) The people of Gebim ("water-pits;" locality not identified) gather their goods for flight. (12) At last the army reaches Nob, memorable as having been one of the resting-places of the Tabernacle in the time of Saul (1Samuel 21:1). The site has not been identified with certainty, but it was obviously a position that commanded Jerusalem, between it and Anathoth, probably not far from the hill Scopos ("watch-tower") where Titus and his troops encamped during the siege of Jerusalem. The prophet's narrative leaves the invader there shaking his hand, as with defiant menace, against the holy city. For "that day," read this very day, fixing, as it were, the very hour at which Isaiah spoke. . . . Verses 28-32. - This graphic portraiture of the march of an Assyrian army on Jerusalem is probably not historic, but prophetic. Isaiah sees it in vision (Isaiah 1:1), and describes it like an eye-witness. There are at present no sufficient means of deciding to what particular attack it refers, or indeed whether the march is one conducted by Sennacherib or Sargon. Sargon calls himself in one inscription "conqueror of the land of Judah" (Layard, 'Inscriptions,' 33:8), and the details of the present prophecy, especially ver. 9, suit the reign of Sargon rather than that of his son, so that on the whole it is perhaps most probable that some expedition of Sargon's is portrayed. Verse 28. - He is come to Aiath. "Aiath" is probably Ai (Joshua 8:1-28), with a feminine termination. It lay about three miles south of Bethel, which had become Assyrian with the conquest of Samaria. If an Assyrian army mustered at Bethel, it would naturally enter Judaean territory at Ai. He is passed to Migron; rather, he has passed through Migron. "Migron" is mentioned as a village in the territory of Gibeah of Benjamin (1 Samuel 14:2); but the Migron of this passage must have been further to the north. He hath laid up his carriages; i.e. "has left his baggage-train." Michmash was about seven miles nearly due north of Jerusalem. The heavy baggage might conveniently be left there, especially as it was difficult of attack (1 Samuel 14:4-13), while a lightly equipped body of troops made a dash at Jerusalem.

Parallel Commentaries ...


[Assyria] has entered
בָּ֥א (bā)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 935: To come in, come, go in, go

Aiath
עַיַּ֖ת (‘ay·yaṯ)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5857: Ai -- a Canaanite city

and passed through
עָבַ֣ר (‘ā·ḇar)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5674: To pass over, through, or by, pass on

Migron,
בְּמִגְר֑וֹן (bə·miḡ·rō·wn)
Preposition-b | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4051: Migron -- an area near Gibeah, also a place North of Michmash

storing
יַפְקִ֥יד (yap̄·qîḏ)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 6485: To visit, to oversee, muster, charge, care for, miss, deposit

supplies
כֵּלָֽיו׃ (kê·lāw)
Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 3627: Something prepared, any apparatus

at Michmash.
לְמִכְמָ֖שׂ (lə·miḵ·māś)
Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4363: Michmash -- a city in Benjamin


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OT Prophets: Isaiah 10:28 He has come to Aiath (Isa Isi Is)