Bible Encyclopedia: Birth

Jump to: ISBE • Easton's • Webster's • Concordance • Thesaurus • Greek • Hebrew • Library • Subtopics • Terms

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

BIRTH

burth (genesis):

(1) It was said by the angel beforehand of John the Baptist, "Many shall rejoice at his birth"; and when he was born Elisabeth said, "Thus hath the Lord done unto me. to take away my reproach among men" (Luke 1:14, 25). Among the ancient Hebrews barrenness was a "reproach" and the birth of a child, of a son especially, an occasion for rejoicing.

(2) This, no doubt, was due in part to the Messianic hope inspired and sustained by prophecy (see Genesis 3:15, where it was foretold that the seed of the woman should bruise the serpent's head; and subsequent prophecies too numerous to mention). Cases in point worth studying are found in Genesis 4:1, where Eve rejoices over the birth of her firstborn and cries, "I have gotten a man with the help of Yahweh"; and 1 Samuel 1:20, where Hannah exults over her firstborn, calling his name "Samuel," "because," she says, "I have asked him of Yahweh."

(3) The marvelous passage in Isaiah 7:14, "Behold, a virgin shall conceive, and bear a son, and shall call his name Immanuel," must have intensified the longing and hope of every devout Jewish maiden to be a mother, if mayhap, under God, she might be the mother of Messiah-Immanuel! (Compare Matthew 1:22, 23 Luke 1:13.)

See JESUS CHRIST; VIRGIN BIRTH.

George B. Eager

VIRGIN BIRTH

" I. DEFINITION

II. THE TEXTUAL QUESTION

III. THE HISTORICAL QUESTION

1. Statement Not Dogmatic but Vital as History

2. Its Importance to Leaders of the Early Church

3. Hypothesis of Invention Discredits the Church

IV. THE CRITICAL QUESTION

1. Basis of Virgin-Birth Statement

2. Interrelationship of Narratives

3. Sources, Origin and age of Documents

V. THE DOCTRINAL QUESTION

1. In the New Testament

2. Portrait of Jesus in Synoptic Gospels 3. In Rest of the New Testament

4. Oppositions to the Doctrine

5. Its Importance to Modern Thought

LITERATURE

I. Definition.

"Virgin-birth" is the correct and only correct designation of the birth statement contained in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke. "Immaculate conception" is of course manifestly a blunder due to the confusion of one idea with another. "Supernatural or miraculous birth" will not do, because there is no intimation that the process of birth was in any way exceptional. "Supernatural or miraculous conception" is equally unsatisfactory as it involves a question-begging comparison between the birth of Christ and the exceptional births of the Sons of Promise (e.g. Isaac, John the Baptist, etc.). The only statement which is sufficiently specific is "virgin-birth," inasmuch as according to the New Testament statement Mary was at the time of this birth virgo intacta.

II. The Textual Question.

We may deal with this division of our subject very briefly, because if we are to allow any weight at all to textual evidence there is no question as to the infancy narratives, either in whole or in part. Their position is flawless and unassailable. There is a voluminous literature devoted to the discussion of the subject, but it is notably jejune even for critical writing, and much more impressive for ingenuity and dialectic skill in arguing a poor case than for anything in the way of results. We do not hesitate to refer the reader who is interested in discussions of this sort to entirely satisfactory reviews of them found elsewhere (see Machen, Princeton Review, October, 1905; January, 1906; and Orr, The Virgin Birth of Christ). We may summarize the entire discussion in the words of Johannes Weiss (Theologische Rundschau, 1903, 208, quoted by Machen, ut sup.): "There never were forms of Matthew and Luke without the infancy narratives." One point only we shall consider in this connection; namely, the disputed reading of Matthew 1:16. The Ferrar group of manuscripts (nos. 346, 556, 826, 828) interpose a second "begat" between the names Joseph and Jesus. It is affirmed that this reading with the variants represents an original form of the genealogy preserved in the Gospels which affirms the literal sonship of Jesus to Joseph. The first and most obvious remark to be made upon this question is, granting-what is extremely uncertain-that this reading is original, it does not prove nor begin to prove the point alleged. This is now widely conceded. For one thing, the word "begat" is used elsewhere for legal or putative fatherhood (compare Matthew 1:12 and see GENEALOGY OF JESUS CHRIST). Allen's statement of the case indicates clearly enough that the radical use of this variation has broken down (see ICC; "Matthew," 8). This writer holds that the reading of Sam 1 ("Jacob begat Joseph. Joseph, to whom was betrothed Mary the Virgin, begat Jesus, called the Messiah," Matthew 1:16) is nearest the original form. By four steps, which he enumerates in order, he conceives that the original text, which was intended to convey the idea of a legal fatherhood on the part of Joseph, was modified so as to guard the statement from misinterpretation. This hypothesis is ingenious if somewhat complicated. The weak spot in the whole case (for the variation) lies in the fact that all manuscripts concur in the name of Mary and the term "virgin." It is evident, in any view of the relative standing of the various readings,

(1) that the genealogy as deposited in public or private record would read: "Jacob begat Joseph, Joseph begat Jesus,"

(2) that the person who used the genealogy in the Gospel and placed it in connection with Matthew 1:18-25

(a) had Mary particularly in mind and inserted the names of women to prepare the way for the mention of Mary, all of which was a departure from usual and orderly procedure;

(b) that he used the word "begat" in the legal sense throughout (1:8, 12; compare 1 Chronicles 3:11, 12, 19);

(c) that he believed in the virgin-birth as evinced by the connection and the use of names of women including Mary's.

There is therefore no basis for the idea that the genealogy, even without the strongly attested relative clause of Matthew 1:16, ever meant anything but an attestation of the virgin-birth.

III. The Historical Question.

1. Statement Not Dogmatic but Vital as History:

The twofold birth announcement of Matthew and Luke is a statement of historical or, more strictly speaking, biographical fact. The accounts, as we shall see, are very rigidly confined to the matter of fact concerned. It is not a dogma and receives very little doctrinal elaboration even in the infancy narratives themselves. It is an event, wholly real or wholly imaginary. The statement of it is wholly true or entirely false. But as a historical statement this narrative is of peculiar quality and significance.

(1) It touches upon the most delicate matters, at a place where the line between that which is most sacred and that which is most degraded in human life is closely drawn. To discredit it leaves the most intimate mystery of our Lord's earthly life under the shadow of suspicion. It is therefore a statement of the greatest personal moment in the evangelic record.

(2) It involves the secret history and public honor of a family most dear and sacred to the entire Christian body. It records the inner and outer experiences of the mother of the Lord and of His brethren, themselves honored leaders in the church.

(3) It touches upon the central mystery of the Lord's person in such a way as to involve either a very important contribution to the doctrine of the incarnation or a very serious mutilation of the truth. We may dismiss altogether the contention of many, that whether true or not the fact is of no great importance. It must be of importance. No fact in which the relationship of Jesus to His ancestors according to the flesh, to His mother, to the laws of life in the race at large, are so evidently and so deeply involved can possibly be a matter of indifference. The nature of His experience in the world, the quality and significance of His manhood, the fundamental constitution of His person, the nature and limits of the incarnation are necessarily and vitally concerned in the discussion. It is impossible to begin with the acceptance or rejection of the fact and arrive by logical processes at like convictions on any fundamental matter in the region of Christology.

2. Its Importance to Leaders of the Early Church:

All this must have been as patent to the earliest believers as to ourselves. The men who incorporated this incident into the gospel narrative could not possibly have been blind to the importance of what they were doing (compare Luke 1:3). In view of these facts it would be well for the serious student to ask himself this question: "On the hypothesis of invention, what manner of men were they who fabricated these narratives and succeeded in foisting them upon the church so early as to dominate its earliest official records and control the very making of all its creeds?" It is clear that deliberate invension is the only alternative to historical credit. We may throw out of court as altogether inadmissible the hypothesis that the church as a whole, by a naive and semi-unconscious process, came to believe these stories and to accept them without criticism. Rumors always grow in the absence of known facts, especially where curiosity is keen. Absurd rumors multiply among the credulous. But no statement contrary to natural expectation was ever yet promulgated among people of even average intelligence without meeting the resistance of incredulity on the part of some individuals who wish to inquire, especially if means of verification are within reach. In this particular instance, the issue may be stated much more sharply. At no period reasonably to be assigned for the origin and incorporation of these documents could they have been honestly accepted by any member of the Christian community, sufficiently taught to occupy a position of authority. If the story was invented, there must have been a time when Jesus was universally accepted as the son by natural generation of Joseph and Mary. The story surely was not invented before His birth nor for some time after. The first person, therefore, who spoke contrary to the prevalent and natural belief must have had it from the family, which alone knew the truth, or else have been a wanton and lying gossip. Such a story is recognizable on the face of it as authoritative or pure invention. There is no middle ground. It could not have been recounted without being challenged for its strangeness and for its contravention of the accepted belief. It could not have been challenged without the exposure of its groundless and fraudulent character, for the simple reason that the lack of positive and authoritative certification would be its immediate and sufficient condemnation. It is not difficult to draw the portrait of the inventor of this story. He must have been lacking, not only in the sense of truthfulness, but also in the elementary instinct of delicacy, to have invaded the privacy of the most sacred home known to him and deliberately invented a narrative which included the statement that Mary had come under suspicion of wrongdoing in such a way as to shadow the life of her Son. He must also have been doctrinally lax in the extreme, as well as temperamentally presumptuous, to have risked a mutilation of the truth by an invention dealing with such essential matters.

3. Hypothesis of Invention Discredits the Church:

Moreover, this hypothesis demands that this fabrication must have met with instantaneous and universal success. It passed the scrutiny of the church at large and of its authorized teachers, and was never challenged save by a small group of heretics who disliked it on purely dogmatic grounds.

To whatever origin in the way of suggestion from without one may attribute the story-whether one may ascribe it to the influence of Old Testament prophecy, or Jewish Messianic expectations in general, or to ethnic analogies, Babylonian. Egyptian or Greek-the fact remains that the story had to be invented and published by those who ought to have known better and could easily have known better had they possessed sufficient interest in the cause of truth to have made even casual inquiries into the credentials of such an important statement offered for their acceptance. It is fairly true to say that ethnic analogies for the birth of Christ fail (see article on "Heathen Wonder-Births and the Birth of Christ," Princeton Review, January, 1908). It is also true that the rooted Sere conviction shared by the Hebrews, that family descent is to be traced through the male line only, so persistent even among the New Testament writers that both evangelists, on the face of them, trace the lineage of Joseph, would have acted as an effectual barrier against this particular legendary development. It is further true that no passage of the Old Testament, including Isaiah 7:14, can be adduced as convincing evidence that the story was invented under the motive of finding fulfillment for Messianic predictions (see IMMANUEL). But far more satisfactory is the elementary conviction that the founders of the Christian church and the writers of its documents were not the kind of men to accept or circulate stories which they knew perfectly well would be used by unbelief in a malignant way to the discredit of their Master and His family. The hypothesis of invention not only leaves an ugly cloud of mystery over the birth of Jesus, but it discredits beyond repair every man who had to do with the writing and circulation of the Gospels, down to and including the man who professes to have "traced the course of all things accurately from the beginning," according to the testimony of those who were "eyewitnesses and ministers of the word" (Luke 1:2 f). It is simply impossible to save the credit, in any matter involving honesty or commonsense, of one who uses words like these and yet incorporates unauthenticated legends into the narrative to which he has thus pledged himself.

One may venture at the close of this section of the discussion to point out that everything which the inventor of this story must have been, the narrators of it are not. Both narratives exhibit a profound reverence, a chaste and gracious reserve in the presence of a holy mystery, a simplicity, dignity and self-contained nobility. of expression which are the visible marks of truth, if such there are anywhere in human writing.

IV. The Critical Question.

1. Basis of Virgin-Birth Statement:

The infancy narratives evidently stand somewhat apart from the main body of apostolic testimony. The personal contact of the disciples with Jesus, upon which their testimony primarily rests, extended from the call of the disciples, near the opening of the ministry, to the resurrection and post-resurrection appearances. It is hyper-skepticism to deny that the substance of the gospel narrative rests upon the basis of actual experience. But all four evangelists show a disposition to supplement the immediate testimony of the disciples by the use of other well-attested materials. Luke's introductory paragraph, if it was written by an honest man, indicates that he at least was satisfied with nothing less than a careful scrutiny of original sources, namely, the testimony, written or oral, of eyewitnesses. It may reasonably be surmised that this was the general attitude of the entire group of apostles, evangelists and catechists who are responsible for the authorship and circulation of the Gospels.

But, to say nothing of the infancy narratives, for one of which Luke himself is responsible, these writers have embodied in the narrative the ministry of John the Baptist, the baptism and temptation of Jesus, all of which events happened before their fellowship with Jesus, strictly speaking, began. In particular, assuredly no disciple was an eyewitness of the temptation. None the less the narrative stands, simply because imaginative invention of such an incident in the absence of accredited facts cannot reasonably be considered. The fact that the birth narratives do not rest upon the testimony of the same eyewitnesses who stand for the ministry of Jesus does not discredit them as embodying reliable tradition, unless it can be proved that they contradict the rest of the apostolic testimony or that no reliable witness to the events in question was within reach at the time when the documents were composed. In the present instance such a contention is absurd. The very nature of the event points out the inevitable firsthand witnesses. There could be no others. In the absence of their decisive word, bald invention would be necessary. To charge the entire church of the time (for this is what the hypothesis amounts to) as particeps criminis in its own official and documentary deception is an extreme position as unwarranted as it is cruel.

The internal harmony of the facts as recorded points in the same direction. The silence or comparative lack of emphasis with reference to the birth of Christ on the part of the other New Testament writers is to be explained partly on the basis of doctrinal viewpoint (see V, below) and partly because an ingrained sense of delicacy would naturally tend to reticence on this point, at least during the lifetime of Mary and the Lord's brethren. The following intimately corresponding facts are sufficiently significant in this connection:

(1) that the fact of Jesus' unique birth could not be proclaimed as a part of His own teaching or as the basis of His incarnate life;

(2) that He was popularly known as the son of Joseph;

(3) that the foster-fatherhood of Joseph, as embodied in the genealogy (see GENEALOGY OF JESUS CHRIST), was the recognized basis of His relationship to the house of David. All these facts appear just as they should in the narrative.

The very fact that the genealogies, ending with the name of Joseph, and the current representations of Jesus as Joseph's son, are allowed to appear in the same documents in which the virgin-birth statements appear, together with the entirely congruous facts that the main synoptic narrative does not emphasize the event, and that neither Paul nor John nor any other New Testament writer gives it a prominent place, is indication enough that it rested, in the opinion of the entire witnessing body, on a sufficient basis of evidence and required no artificial buttressing. Internal harmonies and incidental marks of truthfulness are of the utmost importance here because in a narrative so complex and vital it would have been easy to make a misstep. Since none was made, we are constrained to believe that the single eye to truth filled the apostolic mind with light. Every item, in the infancy narratives themselves, as well as in the more strictly doctrinal statements of other New Testament books, is as we should expect, provided the birth statement be accepted as true. Internal evidence of truthfulness could not be stronger.

2. Interrelationship of Narratives:

This general conclusion is confirmed when we come to consider the relationship of the two narratives to each other. To begin with, we have two narratives, differing greatly in method of treatment, grouping of details, order and motive of narration, and general atmosphere. It is evident that we have two documents which have had quite a different history.

In two points, at any rate, what might be considered serious discrepancies are discoverable (see BIBLICAL DISCREPANCIES). These two points are:

(1) the relationship of the Massacre of the Innocents and the journey to Egypt, as related by Matthew, to Luke's account, which carries the holy family directly back to Nazareth from Bethlehem after the presentation in the temple;

(2) the discrepancy as to the previous residence at Nazareth (Luke) and the reason given for the return thither (Matthew).

As to (1) it is quite clear that Matthew's account centers about an episode interpolated, so to say, into the natural order of events (see INNOCENTS, MASSACRE OF THE). It is also clear that the order of Luke's narrative, which is in the highest degree condensed and synoptic, does not forbid the introduction of even a lengthy train of events into the midst of Luke 2:39 (compare condensation in 2:40-42, 51, 52). It may easily be that the lacunae in each account are due to a lack of knowledge on the part of either writer as to the point supplied by the other. Matthew may not have known that the family had resided formerly in Nazareth, and Luke may not have known that a return to Galilee as a permanent residence was not contemplated in the original plan. The difficulty here is not serious. We consider the discrepancy as it stands as of more value to the account as indicating the independence of the two accounts and the honesty of those who incorporated them into the Gospels without attempting to harmonize them, than any hypothetical harmonization however satisfactory. We introduce this caveat, however, that Matthew had an especial reason for introducing the episode connected with Herod and for explaining the residence at Nazareth during our Lord's early years as occurring by divine authority (see Sweet, Birth and Infancy of Jesus Christ, 218, for discussion of this point; and compare INNOCENTS, MASSACRE OF THE).

We are now free to consider the remarkable convergence of these two documents. The following particulars may be urged:

(1) the synchronism in the Herodian era; (2) the name "Jesus" given by divine authority before birth;

(3) Davidic kinship;

(4) the virgin-birth;

(5) the birth at Bethlehem;

(6) residence at Nazareth.

In addition we may urge the essential and peculiar harmony of descriptive expressions (see V, below) and the correspondence of the inner and outer experiences of Mary.

SeeMARY, II.

3. Sources, Origin and Age of Documents:

We have now reached the final and crucial point of this phase of our discussion when we take up the question as to the sources, origin and date of these narratives. Our method of approach to the general question of their credibility delivers us from the necessity of arguing in extenso theories which have been framed to account for the narrative in the absence of historical fact. We resort to the simple and convincing principle that the story could not have been honestly composed nor honestly published as derived from any source other than the persons who could have guaranteed its trustworthiness. Every indication, of which the narratives are full, of honesty and intelligence on the part of the narrators is an argument against any and all theories which presuppose a fictitious origin for the central statement. Negatively, we may with confidence assert that wide excursions into ethnic mythology and folklore have failed to produce a single authentic parallel either in fact or in form to the infancy narratives. In addition to this, the attempt to deduce the story from Messianic prophecy also fails to justify itself. In addition, there are two considerations which may justly be urged as pointing to trustworthy sources for the narrative: First, the strongly Hebraic nature of both narratives. It has often been pointed out that nowhere in the New Testament do we find documents so deeply tinged with the Hebraic spirit (see Adeney, Essays for the Times, number XI, 24 f; and Briggs, New Lights on the Life of Christ, 161). This statement involves both narratives and is another evidence of profound internal unity. A second important fact is that the doctrinal viewpoint is Jewish-Christian and undeveloped. The term "Holy Spirit" is used in the Old Testament sense; the Christology is undeveloped, omitting reference to Christ's preexistence and interpreting His sonship as official and ethical rather than metaphysical. The soteriology is Jewish and Messianic, not unfolding the doctrine of the cross. All these facts point in one direction, namely, to the conclusion that these documents are early. It is impossible reasonably to suppose that such documents could have been composed in the absence of sources, or by persons devoid of the historical spirit, after the death and resurrection and ascension of Jesus had shed such light upon His person and mission as to transform both Christology and soteriology through the ideas of incarnation, atonement and the Trinity.

It is still asserted, in the face of the most convincing evidence to the contrary, that the infancy narratives are late addenda to the gospel tradition as a whole. This idea is due, primarily, to a confusion of thought between origin and publication. The latter must have been coincident with the original issue of the Gospels in their present form. The textual evidence here is convincing. On the other hand, the main body of testimony incorporated into the Gospels at the time of their publication had been in the hands of the apostles and their helpers for some years, as evidenced by the Pauline letters and the Book of acts. In all probability the sources upon which the infancy narratives rest, which had their origin and received the impress which characterizes them in the period antecedent to the public ministry of Jesus, came into the hands of the Gospel writers toward the end of the formative period at the close of which the Gospels were issued. In other words, the story of the Lord's birth was withheld until the time was ripe for its publication. Two occasions may have served to release it: the death of Mary may have made it possible to use her private memoirs, or the rise of anti-Christian calumny may have made the publication of the true history imperative. At any rate, the narratives show every indication of being contemporary documents of the period with which they deal. This fact puts an additional burden of proof, already heavier than they can bear, upon those who would antagonize the documents. We may reasonably affirm that the narratives will bear triumphantly any fair critical test.

V. The Doctrinal Question.

1. In the New Testament:

The discussion of the doctrinal significance of the virgin-birth statement falls naturally into three parts:

(1) Its doctrinal elaboration in the New Testament;

(2) its historic function in the development of Christian doctrine;

(3) its permanent value to Christian thought.

We begin with the narratives themselves. As has just been said, they were incorporated into the Gospels at a time when the New Testament Christology had reached maturity in the Pauline and Johannine writings and the Epistle to the Hebrews. The doctrine of the incarnation was fully unfolded. It had been unequivocally asserted that in Jesus all the fullness of the Godhead was historically and personally manifested (John 1:14 Philippians 2:5-8 Colossians 1:18; Colossians 2:9 Hebrews 2:14). In contrast with these statements the infancy narratives not only, as adverted to above, exhibit on the surface a rudimentary Christology, but in several items, of profound interest and most surprising tenor, show that the birth notice was not apprehended or stated in view of the doctrine of the incarnation at all.

The detailed justification of this statement follows:

(1) Matthew (see 1:18-25) does not use the term "Son of God." The only expression implying a unique relationship to God, other than in the "of Holy Spirit" phrase, twice used, is in the word "Immanuel" quoted from Isaiah, which does not necessarily involve incarnation. At the beginning of the genealogy Jesus is introduced as the son of David, the son of Abraham.

(2) The assertion as to His conception by Holy Spirit is conditioned by three striking facts:

(a) His conception is interpreted in terms of conception by the power of Holy Spirit, not of begetting by the Father. The Old Testament expression "This day have I begotten thee," used twice, occurs in quite a different connection (Hebrews 1:5; Hebrews 5:5).

(b) The term "Holy Spirit" is used without the article.

(c) The phrase descriptive of the being conceived is expressed in the neuter, `the thing conceived in her is of Holy Spirit' (to gar en aute gennethen ek pneumatos estin hagiou).

The implication of these three facts is

(i) that the sonship of Jesus through His exceptional birth is interpreted in terms of divine power working upon humanity, not as the correlative of divine and essential fatherhood; it is the historical sonship that is in view (contrast with this the two passages in Hebrews referred to above);

(ii) the writer is speaking in the Old Testament sense of "Holy Spirit" as the forthgoing of creative power from God, not as personal hypostasis;

(iii) he is also emphasizing (in the use of the neuter) the reality of the physical birth. These three facts, all the more remarkable because they are attributed to a heavenly messenger who might be expected to speak more fully concerning the mystery, exclude the supposition that we have one historic form of the doctrine of incarnation. On the contrary, had we no other statements than those found here we should be unable logically to postulate an incarnation. Every statement made concerning Jesus, apart from the virgin-birth statement itself, might be true were He the son of Joseph and Mary.

The case is far stronger when we turn to Luke's account, in spite of the fact that the terms "Son of the Most High" and "Son of God" ordinarily implying incarnation are used. We notice

(d) that the anarthrous use of "Holy Spirit" reappears and that a poetic parallelism defines the term (Luke 1:35), making "Holy Spirit" = "Power of the Most High";

(e) that the neuter phrase is also found here, "the holy thing which is begotten," etc. (dio kai to gennomenon hagion klethesetai);

(f) that future tenses are used in connection with His career and the titles which He bears: "He shall be (as the outcome of a process) great," and "He shall be called (as a matter of ultimate titular recognition) the Son of the Most High" (Luke 1:32); "The holy thing.... shall be called the Son of God" (Luke 1:35).

In these instances the title is connected directly with the career rather than the birth. Even the "wherefore" of Luke 1:35, in connection with the future verb, carries the power of God manifested in the holy conception forward into the entire career of Jesus rather than bases the career upon the initial miracle. These three facts taken together exclude the reference to any conception of the incarnation. The incarnation is directly and inseparably connected with Christ's eternal sonship to the Father. The title "Son of God" includes that but does not specify it. It includes also the ethical, historical, human sonship. The term "Holy Spirit" used without the article also is a comprehensive expression covering both a work of divine power in any sphere and a work of divine grace in the personal sphere only.

These accounts are concerned with the historic fact rather than its metaphysical implications. This historic fact is interpreted in terms of a divine power in and through the human career of Jesus (which is so stated as to include an impersonal, germinal life) rather than a dogmatic definition of the Messiah's essential nature. The omission of all reference to pre-existence is negatively conclusive on this point. The divine power manifested in His exceptional origin is thought of as extending on and including His entire career. This leads us directly to a second phase in the interpretation of Christ and compels to a reconsideration at a new angle of the miracle of His origin.

2. Portrait of Jesus in Synoptic Gospels:

The narrators of the life and ministry of Jesus on the basis of ascertained fact and apostolic testimony were confronted with a very definite and delicate task. They had to tell with unexaggerating truthfulness the story of the human life of Jesus. Their ultimate aim was to justify the doctrine of incarnation, but they could not have been unaware that the genuine and sincere humanity of Christ was a pillar of the doctrine quite as much as His essential Deity. To portray the human experience of a being considered essentially divine was the Herculean task attempted and carried to a successful issue in the Synoptic Gospels.

Read Complete Article...

BIRTH, NEW

See REGENERATION.

BIRTH, VIRGIN

See VIRGIN BIRTH.

NEW BIRTH

See REGENERATION.

Greek

5605. odino -- to have birth pangs, to travail
... to have birth pangs, to travail. Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: odino Phonetic
Spelling: (o-dee'-no) Short Definition: I am in travail, suffer birth ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/5605.htm - 7k

1626. ektroma -- untimely birth, miscarriage
... untimely birth, miscarriage. Part of Speech: Noun, Neuter Transliteration: ektroma
Phonetic Spelling: (ek'-tro-mah) Short Definition: an untimely birth ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1626.htm - 6k

1078. genesis -- origin, birth
... origin, birth. Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: genesis Phonetic
Spelling: (ghen'-es-is) Short Definition: birth, lineage Definition: birth ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1078.htm - 6k

1079. genete -- birth
... genete. 1079a . birth. Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: genete
Phonetic Spelling: (ghen-et-ay) Short Definition: birth Definition: birth. birth ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1079.htm - 5k

5604. odin -- a birth pang
... a birth pang. Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: odin Phonetic Spelling:
(o-deen') Short Definition: the pain of childbirth, severe agony Definition ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/5604.htm - 7k

1083. gennesis -- birth.
... 1082, 1083. gennesis. 1084 . birth. ... Word Origin variant reading for genesis,
qv. birth. From gennao; nativity -- birth. see GREEK gennao. 1082, 1083. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1083.htm - 6k

616. apokueo -- to give birth to
... to give birth to. Part of Speech: Verb Transliteration: apokueo Phonetic Spelling:
(ap-ok-oo-eh'-o) Short Definition: I bring forth, give birth to Definition: I ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/616.htm - 6k

1079a. genete -- birth
... genete. 1079b . birth. Transliteration: genete Short Definition: birth. Word Origin
from ginomai Definition birth NASB Word Usage birth (1). 1079, 1079a. ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/1079a.htm - 5k

5110. tokos -- a bringing forth, birth, fig. interest, usury
... tokos. 5111 . a bringing forth, birth, fig. ... Word Origin from tikto Definition a
bringing forth, birth, fig. interest, usury NASB Word Usage interest (2). ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/5110.htm - 6k

3824. paliggenesia -- regeneration, renewal
... Part of Speech: Noun, Feminine Transliteration: paliggenesia Phonetic Spelling:
(pal-ing-ghen-es-ee'-ah) Short Definition: a new birth, regeneration Definition ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3824.htm - 7k

Strong's Hebrew

4138. moledeth -- kindred, birth, offspring
... 4137, 4138. moledeth. 4139 . kindred, birth, offspring. Transliteration: moledeth
Phonetic Spelling: (mo-leh'-deth) Short Definition: birth. ...
/hebrew/4138.htm - 6k

3205. yalad -- to bear, bring forth, beget
... 6), became (1), became the father (144), become the father (2), become the fathers
(1), beget (3), begetting (1), begot (2), begotten (3), birth (2), birthday ...
/hebrew/3205.htm - 7k

2342a. chul -- to whirl, dance, writhe
... root Definition to whirl, dance, writhe NASB Word Usage anguish (6), becomes weak
waiting (1), birth to you in pain (1), born (1), brings forth (1), brought ...
/hebrew/2342a.htm - 6k

4866. mishbar -- place of breach
... mishbar or mashber. 4867 . place of breach. Transliteration: mishbar or mashber
Phonetic Spelling: (mish-bare') Short Definition: birth. ... birth, breaking forth. ...
/hebrew/4866.htm - 6k

4464. mamzer -- a bastard, child of incest
... 4463, 4464. mamzer. 4465 . a bastard, child of incest. Transliteration:
mamzer Phonetic Spelling: (mam-zare') Short Definition: birth. ...
/hebrew/4464.htm - 6k

7665. shabar -- to break, break in pieces
... 3), collapse (1), crush (2), crushed (2), demolished (1), destroy (2), fractured
(1), hurt (2), injured (1), pieces (1), placed (1), point of birth (1), quench ...
/hebrew/7665.htm - 6k

8435. toledoth -- generations
... Word Origin from yalad Definition generations NASB Word Usage account (1), birth
(1), genealogical registration (12), genealogies (3), generations (21), order ...
/hebrew/8435.htm - 6k

1518. giach -- to burst forth
... root Definition to burst forth NASB Word Usage broke (1), brought me forth (1),
burst forth (1), bursting forth (1), give birth (1), labor to give birth (1 ...
/hebrew/1518.htm - 6k

4351. mekurah -- origin
... birth, habitation, nativity. Or mkorah {mek-o-raw'}; from the same as kuwr in the
sense of dipping; origin (as if a mine) -- birth, habitation, nativity. ...
/hebrew/4351.htm - 6k

5309. nephel -- miscarriage, abortion
... untimely birth. Or nephel {nay'-fel}; from naphal; something fallen, ie An abortion --
untimely birth. see HEBREW naphal. 5308, 5309. nephel or nephel. 5310 ...
/hebrew/5309.htm - 6k

Library

Of the Birth of John, and of his Alleged Identity with Elijah. Of ...
... Sixth Book. 7. Of the Birth of John, and of His Alleged Identity with Elijah. Of
the Doctrine of Transcorporation. "And [4840] they asked him, What then? ...
/.../origen/origens commentary on the gospel of john/7 of the birth of.htm

The Observation of the Birth of Christ, the Duty of all Christians ...
... The Observation of the Birth of Christ, the Duty of All Christians; Or the True
Way of Keeping Christmas. ... What, shall we not remember the birth of our Jesus? ...
/.../selected sermons of george whitefield/the observation of the birth.htm

The Incarnation and Birth of Christ
... The Incarnation and Birth of Christ. A Sermon ... THIS is the season of the year when,
whether we wish it or not, we are compelled to think of the birth of Christ. ...
/.../spurgeon/spurgeons sermons volume 2 1856/the incarnation and birth of.htm

The Birth of Jesus. Ch. 2:1-20
... II. THE BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD OF JESUS. CHS. 1:5 TO 2:52 E. The Birth of Jesus.
Ch. 2:1-20. 1 Now it came to pass in those days, there ...
/.../erdman/the gospel of luke an exposition/e the birth of jesus.htm

D. The Birth of John, and the "Benedictus. " Ch. 1:57-80
... II. THE BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD OF JESUS. CHS. 1:5 TO 2:52 D. The Birth of John,
and the "Benedictus." Ch. 1:57-80. 57 Now Elisabeth's ...
/.../erdman/the gospel of luke an exposition/d the birth of john.htm

The Birth of John Foretold. Chs. 1:5-25
... II. THE BIRTH AND CHILDHOOD OF JESUS. CHS. 1:5 TO 2:52 A. The Birth of
John Foretold. Chs. 1:5-25. 5 There was in the days of ...
/.../erdman/the gospel of luke an exposition/a the birth of john.htm

Miracles at the Birth of Christ.
... stanza. Hymn 2:136. Miracles at the birth of Christ. 1 ... earth! Behold the midnight
bright as noon, And heavenly hosts declare his birth! 2 ...
/.../watts/hymns and spiritual songs/hymn 0 177777778 miracles at the.htm

June the Eighth the New Birth
... JUNE The Eighth THE NEW BIRTH. JOHN iii.1-21. Here ... said. If the mechanical is
to become the vital there is nothing for it but a new birth. ...
/.../jowett/my daily meditation for the circling year/june the eighth the new.htm

In the Birth of the Son Light Dawned, --And Darkness Fled from the ...
... Hymn XV. In the Birth of the Son light dawned,"and darkness fled from
the world,"and the earth was enlightened. 1. In the Birth ...
/.../ephraim/hymns and homilies of ephraim the syrian/hymn xv in the birth.htm

That this New Birth of the Spirit, or the Divine Life in Man...
... Address 235: That this new birth of the Spirit, or the divine life in man�
That this new birth of the Spirit, or the divine life ...
/.../address 235 0 0 that this new.htm

Easton's Bible Dictionary

As soon as a child was born it was washed, and rubbed with salt (Ezek. 16:4), and then swathed with bandages (Job 38:9; Luke 2:7, 12). A Hebrew mother remained forty days in seclusion after the birth of a son, and after the birth of a daughter double that number of days. At the close of that period she entered into the tabernacle or temple and offered up a sacrifice of purification (Leviticus 12:1-8; Luke 2:22). A son was circumcised on the eighth day after his birth, being thereby consecrated to God (Genesis 17:10-12; Comp. Romans 4:11). Seasons of misfortune are likened to the pains of a woman in travail, and seasons of prosperity to the joy that succeeds child-birth (Isaiah 13:8; Jeremiah 4:31; John 16:21, 22). The natural birth is referred to as the emblem of the new birth (John 3:3-8; Galatians 6:15; Titus 3:5, etc.).

Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary

1. (n.) The act or fact of coming into life, or of being born; -- generally applied to human beings; as, the birth of a son.

2. (n.) Lineage; extraction; descent; sometimes, high birth; noble extraction.

3. (n.) The condition to which a person is born; natural state or position; inherited disposition or tendency.

4. (n.) The act of bringing forth; as, she had two children at a birth.

5. (n.) That which is born; that which is produced, whether animal or vegetable.

6. (n.) Origin; beginning; as, the birth of an empire.

7. (n.) See Berth.

Thesaurus

Birth (357 Occurrences)
... A Hebrew mother remained forty days in seclusion after the birth of a son,
and after the birth of a daughter double that number of days. ...
/b/birth.htm - 71k

Birth-day (2 Occurrences)
Birth-day. Birthday, Birth-day. Birth-pains . Easton's Bible Dictionary The
observance of birth-days was common in early times (Job 1:4, 13, 18). ...
/b/birth-day.htm - 7k

Birth-pangs (2 Occurrences)
Birth-pangs. Birth-pains, Birth-pangs. Birth-place . Multi-Version
Concordance Birth-pangs (2 Occurrences). Matthew 24:8 but all ...
/b/birth-pangs.htm - 6k

Birth-right (9 Occurrences)
Birth-right. Birthright, Birth-right. Births . Multi-Version
Concordance Birth-right (9 Occurrences). Hebrews 12:16 ...
/b/birth-right.htm - 9k

Birth-pains (10 Occurrences)
Birth-pains. Birth-day, Birth-pains. Birth-pangs . Multi-Version Concordance
Birth-pains (10 Occurrences). Galatians 4:19 My children ...
/b/birth-pains.htm - 9k

Birth-stool (1 Occurrence)
Birth-stool. Birthstool, Birth-stool. Birzaith . Int. Standard
Bible Encyclopedia BIRTH-STOOL. burth'-stool: Found only ...
/b/birth-stool.htm - 7k

Birth-place (1 Occurrence)
Birth-place. Birth-pangs, Birth-place. Birthright . Multi-Version
Concordance Birth-place (1 Occurrence). Matthew 2:4 ...
/b/birth-place.htm - 6k

After-birth (1 Occurrence)
After-birth. Afterbirth, After-birth. Aftergrowth . Multi-Version
Concordance After-birth (1 Occurrence). Psalms 58:8 ...
/a/after-birth.htm - 6k

Birthday (4 Occurrences)
... The observance of birth-days was common in early times (Job 1:4, 13, 18). ... On the
occasion of Herod's birth-day John the Baptist was beheaded (Matthew 14:6). ...
/b/birthday.htm - 11k

Delivery (8 Occurrences)
... 4. (n.) The act of giving birth; parturition; the expulsion or extraction of a fetus
and its membranes. ... She cried out in pain, laboring to give birth. ...
/d/delivery.htm - 9k

Bible Concordance

Birth (357 Occurrences)

Matthew 1:1 A roll of the birth of Jesus Christ, son of David, son of Abraham.
(YLT)

Matthew 1:16 And the son of Jacob was Joseph the husband of Mary, who gave birth to Jesus, whose name is Christ.
(BBE)

Matthew 1:18 Now the birth of Jesus Christ was like this; for after his mother, Mary, was engaged to Joseph, before they came together, she was found pregnant by the Holy Spirit.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Matthew 1:21 She will give birth to a Son, and you are to call His name JESUS for He it is who will save His People from their sins."
(WEY BBE NIV)

Matthew 1:23 "Mark! The maiden will be with child and will give birth to a son, and they will call His name Immanuel" --a word which signifies 'God with us'.
(WEY BBE NIV)

Matthew 1:25 but did not live with her until she had given birth to a son. The child's name he called JESUS.
(WEY BBE NAS NIV)

Matthew 2:1 Now after the birth of Jesus, which took place at Bethlehem in Judaea in the reign of King Herod, excitement was produced in Jerusalem by the arrival of certain Magi from the east,
(WEY BBE)

Matthew 2:2 Saying, Where is the King of the Jews whose birth has now taken place? We have seen his star in the east and have come to give him worship.
(BBE)

Matthew 19:12 There are men who from their birth have been disabled from marriage, others who have been so disabled by men, and others who have disabled themselves for the sake of the Kingdom of the Heavens. He who is able to receive this, let him receive it."
(WEY BBE RSV)

Matthew 24:8 But all these things are the beginning of birth pains.
(WEB WEY NAS RSV NIV)

Mark 7:26 Now the woman was a Greek, a Syro-phoenician by birth: and she made a request to him that he would send the evil spirit out of her daughter.
(BBE RSV)

Mark 13:8 For nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places. There will be famines and troubles. These things are the beginning of birth pains.
(WEB WEY NAS RSV NIV)

Mark 14:21 The Son of man goes, even as the Writings say of him: but cursed is that man through whom the Son of man is given up! It would have been well for that man if he had never been given birth.
(BBE)

Luke 1:7 And they were without children, because Elisabeth had never given birth, and they were at that time very old.
(BBE)

Luke 1:14 You will have joy and gladness; and many will rejoice at his birth.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Luke 1:15 For he will be great in the sight of the Lord; no wine or fermented drink shall he ever drink; but he will be filled with the Holy Spirit from the very hour of his birth.
(WEY BBE NIV)

Luke 1:31 And see, you will give birth to a son, and his name will be Jesus.
(BBE NIV)

Luke 1:35 And the angel in answer said to her, The Holy Spirit will come on you, and the power of the Most High will come to rest on you, and so that which will come to birth will be named holy, Son of God.
(BBE)

Luke 1:57 Now the time that Elizabeth should give birth was fulfilled, and she brought forth a son.
(WEB WEY BBE DBY NAS RSV NIV)

Luke 2:6 It happened, while they were there, that the day had come that she should give birth.
(WEB BBE DBY NAS)

Luke 2:7 and she gave birth to her first-born son, and wrapped Him round, and laid Him in a manger, because there was no room for them in the inn.
(WEY NAS RSV NIV)

Luke 2:11 For on this day, in the town of David, a Saviour has come to birth, who is Christ the Lord.
(BBE)

Luke 2:21 And when, after eight days, the time came for his circumcision, he was named Jesus, the name which the angel had given to him before his birth.
(BBE)

Luke 11:27 And it came about that when he said these things, a certain woman among the people said in a loud voice, Happy is the body which gave you birth, and the breasts from which you took milk.
(BBE NIV)

Luke 19:12 So he said, A certain man of high birth went into a far-away country to get a kingdom for himself, and to come back.
(BBE YLT NIV)

Luke 23:29 For the days are coming in which they will say, Happy are those who have had no children, whose bodies have never given birth, whose breasts have never given milk.
(BBE)

John 1:13 Whose birth was from God and not from blood, or from an impulse of the flesh and man's desire.
(BBE)

John 3:3 Jesus said to him, Truly, I say to you, Without a new birth no man is able to see the kingdom of God.
(BBE)

John 3:4 Nicodemus said to him, How is it possible for a man to be given birth when he is old? Is he able to go into his mother's body a second time and come to birth again?
(BBE)

John 3:5 Jesus said in answer, Truly, I say to you, If a man's birth is not from water and from the Spirit, it is not possible for him to go into the kingdom of God.
(BBE)

John 3:6 That which has birth from the flesh is flesh, and that which has birth from the Spirit is spirit.
(BBE NIV)

John 3:7 Do not be surprised that I say to you, It is necessary for you to have a second birth.
(BBE)

John 3:8 The wind goes where its pleasure takes it, and the sound of it comes to your ears, but you are unable to say where it comes from and where it goes: so it is with everyone whose birth is from the Spirit.
(BBE)

John 4:44 For Jesus himself said that a prophet has no honour in the country of his birth.
(BBE)

John 9:1 As he passed by, he saw a man blind from birth.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

John 9:2 And his disciples put a question to him, saying, Master, was it because of this man's sin, or the sin of his father and mother, that he has been blind from birth?
(BBE)

John 9:19 And put the question to them, saying, Is this your son, of whom you say that he was blind at birth? how is it then that he is now able to see?
(BBE)

John 9:20 In answer his father and mother said, We are certain that this is our son and that he was blind at birth:
(BBE)

John 9:32 From the beginning of the world such a thing was never heard of as that any one should open the eyes of a man blind from his birth.
(WEY BBE)

John 9:34 Their answer was: You came to birth through sin; do you make yourself our teacher? And they put him out of the Synagogue.
(BBE NIV)

John 16:21 A woman, when she gives birth, has sorrow, because her time has come. But when she has delivered the child, she doesn't remember the anguish any more, for the joy that a human being is born into the world.
(WEB WEY BBE DBY NAS NIV)

John 18:37 Then Pilate said to him, Are you then a king? Jesus made answer, You say that I am a king. For this purpose was I given birth, and for this purpose I came into the world, that I might give witness to what is true. Every lover of what is true gives ear to my voice.
(BBE)

Acts 2:8 And how is it that every one of us is hearing their words in the language which was ours from our birth?
(BBE)

Acts 2:10 In Phrygia and Pamphylia, in Egypt and the parts of Libya about Cyrene, and those who have come from Rome, Jews by birth and others who have become Jews,
(BBE)

Acts 3:2 some men were carrying there one who had been lame from birth, whom they were wont to place every day close to the Beautiful Gate (as it was called)
(WEY BBE RSV NIV)

Acts 4:36 And Joseph, who was given by the Apostles the name of Barnabas (the sense of which is, Son of comfort), a Levite and a man of Cyprus by birth,
(BBE DBY YLT NAS)

Acts 7:8 He gave him the covenant of circumcision. So Abraham became the father of Isaac, and circumcised him the eighth day. Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob became the father of the twelve patriarchs.
(See NIV)

Acts 7:20 At which time Moses came to birth, and he was very beautiful; and he was kept for three months in his father's house:
(BBE)

Acts 14:8 Now a man who had no power in his feet used to sit in the streets of Lystra. He had been lame from his birth and had never walked.
(WEY BBE RSV NIV)

Acts 18:2 And there he came across a certain Jew named Aquila, a man of Pontus by birth, who not long before had come from Italy with his wife Priscilla, because Claudius had given orders that all Jews were to go away from Rome: and he came to them;
(BBE YLT)

Acts 18:24 Now a certain Jew named Apollos, an Alexandrian by birth, and a man of learning, came to Ephesus; and he had great knowledge of the holy Writings.
(BBE YLT NAS)

Acts 22:3 I am a Jew of Tarsus in Cilicia by birth, but I had my education in this town at the feet of Gamaliel, being trained in the keeping of every detail of the law of our fathers; given up to the cause of God with all my heart, as you are today.
(BBE)

Acts 22:28 And the chief captain said, I got Roman rights for myself at a great price. And Paul said, But I had them by birth.
(BBE)

Acts 24:24 But after some days, Felix came with Drusilla his wife, who was of the Jews by birth, and sent for Paul, and gave hearing to him about faith in Christ Jesus.
(BBE)

Romans 2:27 although he is a Gentile by birth, if he scrupulously obeys the Law, shall he not sit in judgement upon you who, possessing, as you do, a written Law and circumcision, are yet a Law-breaker?
(WEY)

1 Corinthians 1:26 For consider, brethren, God's call to you. Not many who are wise with merely human wisdom, not many of position and influence, not many of noble birth have been called.
(WEY RSV NIV)

1 Corinthians 4:15 For even if you had ten thousand teachers in Christ, you have not more than one father: for in Christ Jesus I have given birth to you through the good news.
(BBE)

1 Corinthians 11:12 For as woman came from man, so a man also comes through a woman; but all things are from God.
(See NAS)

1 Corinthians 15:8 And last of all, as to one of untimely birth, He appeared to me also.
(WEY BBE YLT)

Galatians 1:15 But when He who set me apart even from my birth, and called me by His grace,
(WEY NIV)

Galatians 2:15 You and I, though we are Jews by birth and not Gentile sinners,
(WEY BBE RSV NIV)

Galatians 4:19 My little children, of whom I travail in birth again until Christ be formed in you,
(KJV WEY BBE DBY WBS YLT NIV)

Galatians 4:23 Now the son by the servant-woman has his birth after the flesh; but the son by the free woman has his birth through the undertaking of God.
(BBE)

Galatians 4:24 Which things have a secret sense; because these women are the two agreements; one from the mountain of Sinai, giving birth to servants, which is Hagar.
(BBE)

Galatians 4:27 For it is in the Writings, You who have never given birth, be glad; give cries of joy, you who have had no birth-pains; for the children of her who has been given up by her husband are more than those of the woman who has a husband.
(BBE)

Galatians 4:29 Yet just as, at that time, the child born in the common course of nature persecuted the one whose birth was due to the power of the Spirit, so it is now.
(WEY BBE)

Ephesians 2:11 Therefore remember that once you, the Gentiles in the flesh, who are called "uncircumcision" by that which is called "circumcision," (in the flesh, made by hands);
(See NIV)

Ephesians 2:12 At that time you were living apart from Christ, estranged from the Commonwealth of Israel, with no share by birth in the Covenants which are based on the Promises, and you had no hope and no God, in all the world.
(WEY)

1 Thessalonians 5:3 For when they are saying, "Peace and safety," then sudden destruction will come on them, like birth pains on a pregnant woman; and they will in no way escape.
(WEB WEY BBE)

Titus 3:5 Not by works of righteousness which we did ourselves, but in the measure of his mercy, he gave us salvation, through the washing of the new birth and the giving of new life in the Holy Spirit,
(BBE NIV)

Hebrews 7:3 Being without father or mother, or family, having no birth or end to his life, being made like the Son of God, is a priest for ever.
(BBE)

Hebrews 11:11 And by faith Sarah herself had power to give birth, when she was very old, because she had faith in him who gave his word;
(BBE)

Hebrews 11:23 By faith Moses was kept secretly by his father and mother for three months after his birth, because they saw that he was a fair child; and they had no fear of the king's orders.
(BBE)

James 1:15 Then the passion conceives, and becomes the parent of sin; and sin, when fully matured, gives birth to death.
(WEY BBE DBY YLT NAS RSV NIV)

James 1:18 Of his own will he brought us forth by the word of truth, that we should be a kind of first fruits of his creatures.
(See NIV)

1 Peter 1:3 Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who through his great mercy has given us a new birth and a living hope by the coming again of Jesus Christ from the dead,
(BBE NIV)

1 Peter 1:23 Because you have had a new birth, not from the seed of man, but from eternal seed, through the word of a living and unchanging God.
(BBE)

Revelation 12:2 She was with child. She cried out in pain, laboring to give birth.
(WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE WBS NAS RSV NIV)

Revelation 12:4 His tail drew one third of the stars of the sky, and threw them to the earth. The dragon stood before the woman who was about to give birth, so that when she gave birth he might devour her child.
(WEB BBE NAS NIV)

Revelation 12:5 She gave birth to a son, a male child, who is to rule all the nations with a rod of iron. Her child was caught up to God, and to his throne.
(WEB WEY BBE NAS NIV)

Revelation 12:13 When the dragon saw that he was thrown down to the earth, he persecuted the woman who gave birth to the male child.
(WEB WEY BBE NAS NIV)

Genesis 1:24 And God said, Let the earth give birth to all sorts of living things, cattle and all things moving on the earth, and beasts of the earth after their sort: and it was so.
(BBE)

Genesis 3:16 To the woman he said, "I will greatly multiply your pain in childbirth. In pain you will bring forth children. Your desire will be for your husband, and he will rule over you."
(Root in WEB BBE NAS NIV)

Genesis 4:1 The man knew Eve his wife. She conceived, and gave birth to Cain, and said, "I have gotten a man with Yahweh's help."
(WEB BBE NAS NIV)

Genesis 4:2 Again she gave birth, to Cain's brother Abel. Abel was a keeper of sheep, but Cain was a tiller of the ground.
(WEB BBE NAS NIV)

Genesis 4:17 Cain knew his wife. She conceived, and gave birth to Enoch. He built a city, and called the name of the city, after the name of his son, Enoch.
(WEB BBE NAS NIV)

Genesis 4:20 Adah gave birth to Jabal, who was the father of those who dwell in tents and have livestock.
(WEB BBE NAS NIV)

Genesis 4:22 Zillah also gave birth to Tubal Cain, the forger of every cutting instrument of brass and iron. Tubal Cain's sister was Naamah.
(WEB BBE NAS)

Genesis 4:25 Adam knew his wife again. She gave birth to a son, and named him Seth, "for God has appointed me another child instead of Abel, for Cain killed him."
(WEB BBE NAS NIV)

Genesis 5:4 And after the birth of Seth, Adam went on living for eight hundred years, and had sons and daughters:
(BBE)

Genesis 5:7 And he went on living after the birth of Enosh for eight hundred and seven years, and had sons and daughters:
(BBE RSV)

Genesis 5:10 And after the birth of Kenan, Enosh went on living for eight hundred and fifteen years, and had sons and daughters:
(BBE RSV)

Genesis 5:13 And after the birth of Mahalalel, Kenan went on living for eight hundred and forty years, and had sons and daughters:
(BBE RSV)

Genesis 5:16 And after the birth of Jared, Mahalalel went on living for eight hundred and thirty years, and had sons and daughters:
(BBE RSV)

Genesis 5:19 And Jared went on living after the birth of Enoch for eight hundred years, and had sons and daughters:
(BBE RSV)

Genesis 5:22 And after the birth of Methuselah, Enoch went on in God's ways for three hundred years, and had sons and daughters:
(BBE RSV)

Genesis 5:26 And after the birth of Lamech, Methuselah went on living for seven hundred and eighty-two years, and had sons and daughters:
(BBE RSV)

Genesis 5:30 And after the birth of Noah, Lamech went on living for five hundred and ninety-five years, and had sons and daughters:
(BBE RSV)

Genesis 6:4 There were men of great strength and size on the earth in those days; and after that, when the sons of God had connection with the daughters of men, they gave birth to children: these were the great men of old days, the men of great name.
(BBE)

Genesis 11:11 And after the birth of Arpachshad, Shem went on living for five hundred years, and had sons and daughters:
(BBE RSV)

Subtopics

Birth: Giving, Ordained to be in Sorrow

Birth: Pangs in Giving

Christmas

Contraception

Related Terms