Now in those days
This phrase sets the historical context for the narrative, indicating a specific period in history. The phrase "in those days" often signifies a significant moment in biblical history. It connects the reader to the broader narrative of God's unfolding plan. Historically, this was a time of Roman dominance, and the phrase invites readers to consider the socio-political climate of the era. The Roman Empire was at its height, and the Jewish people were living under Roman rule, which plays a crucial role in the fulfillment of Messianic prophecies.

a decree went out
The term "decree" (Greek: δόγμα, dogma) refers to an official order or edict. In the Roman context, such decrees were authoritative and binding, reflecting the centralized power of the emperor. This decree is significant as it sets the stage for the fulfillment of prophecy regarding the birthplace of the Messiah. The decree's issuance demonstrates God's sovereignty, using even secular authorities to accomplish divine purposes.

from Caesar Augustus
Caesar Augustus, originally named Gaius Octavius, was the first Roman emperor and ruled from 27 BC to AD 14. His reign marked the beginning of the Pax Romana, a period of relative peace and stability across the empire. Augustus was known for his administrative reforms and efforts to consolidate power. His mention here highlights the historical accuracy of the Gospel account and underscores the global reach of the Roman Empire, which God used to facilitate the spread of the Gospel.

that a census should be taken
The census (Greek: ἀπογραφή, apographē) was a common practice in the Roman Empire for taxation and military purposes. This particular census is pivotal in the biblical narrative as it leads to Joseph and Mary's journey to Bethlehem, fulfilling the prophecy of Micah 5:2 regarding the Messiah's birthplace. The census serves as a reminder of God's providence, orchestrating events to align with His divine plan.

of the whole empire
The phrase "whole empire" (Greek: οἰκουμένη, oikoumenē) refers to the inhabited world under Roman control. This global perspective emphasizes the vastness of the Roman Empire and the far-reaching impact of its decrees. It also foreshadows the universal nature of the Gospel, which would eventually spread throughout the known world. The inclusion of this detail highlights the comprehensive scope of God's redemptive plan, extending beyond Israel to all nations.

This was the first census
The phrase refers to a significant historical event that provides a backdrop for the birth of Jesus. The Greek word for "census" is "apographē," which means an enrollment or registration. This census was a Roman practice, used for taxation and military purposes. Historically, censuses were conducted to ensure that the Roman Empire could effectively manage its vast territories. The mention of this census situates the birth of Jesus within a real historical framework, emphasizing the sovereignty of God in orchestrating events to fulfill prophecy, as seen in Micah 5:2, which foretells the Messiah's birth in Bethlehem.

taken while Quirinius was governor of Syria
The name "Quirinius" refers to Publius Sulpicius Quirinius, a Roman official. The Greek term for "governor" is "hēgemoneuontos," indicating a leader or ruler. Historically, Quirinius is known to have governed Syria, and his administration is noted for conducting a census. This phrase has been the subject of much scholarly debate due to chronological challenges, as Quirinius is recorded to have governed Syria around 6-7 AD, which seems later than the traditional date for Jesus' birth. However, some conservative scholars suggest that Quirinius may have had an earlier administrative role or that the term "governor" could refer to a broader range of leadership roles. This highlights the complexity of historical records and the importance of understanding the cultural and political context of the time. The mention of Quirinius underscores the fulfillment of God's plan through the governance of earthly rulers, reminding believers of God's ultimate authority over history.

And everyone went to his own town to register
And everyone
This phrase indicates the universality of the decree issued by Caesar Augustus, as described in the preceding verses. The Greek word used here is "πᾶς" (pas), meaning "all" or "every." It emphasizes the comprehensive nature of the census, affecting all people under Roman rule. This decree was not selective but applied to every individual, highlighting the far-reaching power and influence of the Roman Empire at the time. From a theological perspective, this universality sets the stage for the birth of Christ, who would come as a Savior for all humanity, transcending ethnic and national boundaries.

went
The verb "went" is translated from the Greek word "πορεύομαι" (poreuomai), which means to travel or journey. This action signifies obedience to the Roman decree, reflecting the historical context of Roman authority and governance. The journey undertaken by the people, including Mary and Joseph, was not merely a physical movement but also a fulfillment of divine prophecy. It underscores the theme of divine providence, where God orchestrates events in history to fulfill His purposes, as seen in the prophecy of the Messiah's birth in Bethlehem (Micah 5:2).

to his own town
This phrase refers to the ancestral town or city of each individual, where they were required to register for the census. The Greek term "ἑαυτοῦ πόλιν" (heautou polin) indicates a personal connection to a specific location, often tied to one's lineage or family heritage. For Joseph and Mary, this meant traveling to Bethlehem, the city of David, as Joseph was of the house and lineage of David. This requirement to return to one's ancestral home highlights the importance of family and heritage in Jewish culture and fulfills the prophecy concerning the birthplace of the Messiah.

to register
The act of registering, from the Greek "ἀπογράφεσθαι" (apographesthai), involved being counted or enrolled in the census. This registration was likely for taxation purposes, a common practice in the Roman Empire to ensure efficient governance and resource allocation. Theologically, this mundane administrative act becomes a pivotal moment in salvation history, as it leads to the fulfillment of prophecy and the birth of Jesus in Bethlehem. It serves as a reminder that God can use ordinary events and human institutions to accomplish His divine will, weaving together the threads of history to bring about His redemptive plan.

So Joseph also went up
The phrase "went up" is significant in the biblical context, as it often denotes a journey of spiritual or religious importance. In Jewish tradition, going "up" to Jerusalem or any significant place often implies a pilgrimage or a journey towards fulfilling God's purpose. Joseph's journey is not merely geographical but also spiritual, as he is participating in the unfolding of God's redemptive plan. The Greek word used here, "anabainō," can mean to ascend or rise, indicating the elevation in both physical and spiritual terms.

from Nazareth in Galilee
Nazareth, a small and seemingly insignificant town in Galilee, is where Joseph and Mary resided. Galilee was a region often looked down upon by Judeans, yet it is from this humble place that the Savior's earthly parents hail. This highlights God's tendency to use the humble and lowly to accomplish His divine purposes. The mention of Nazareth fulfills the prophecy that the Messiah would be called a Nazarene, emphasizing the fulfillment of Scripture in Jesus' life.

to Judea
Judea was the southern region of ancient Israel, where Jerusalem and the temple were located. This journey from Galilee to Judea signifies a movement towards the heart of Jewish religious life. It is a journey towards the fulfillment of prophecy and the birthplace of the Messiah. The historical context of Judea as a center of Jewish worship and prophecy underscores the significance of Jesus' birth in this region.

to the City of David called Bethlehem
Bethlehem, known as the City of David, is rich in biblical history. It is the birthplace of King David, Israel's greatest king, and the prophesied birthplace of the Messiah (Micah 5:2). The name "Bethlehem" means "house of bread," which is fitting as Jesus, the Bread of Life, is born there. The connection to David emphasizes Jesus' rightful place in the Davidic line, fulfilling the covenant promises made to David about his descendants.

because he was of the house and line of David
Joseph's lineage is crucial in establishing Jesus' legal right to the throne of David. The phrase "house and line of David" underscores the fulfillment of God's promise to David that his kingdom would endure forever (2 Samuel 7:16). This lineage is not just a matter of heritage but a testament to God's faithfulness in keeping His covenant promises. The genealogical connection to David is essential for identifying Jesus as the Messiah, the anointed one who would reign eternally.

He went there
This phrase refers to Joseph's journey to Bethlehem. The Greek word for "went" is "ἀνέβη" (anebē), which implies an ascent, as Bethlehem is situated in the hill country of Judea. This journey was not merely a physical ascent but also a spiritual one, as it fulfilled the prophecy of the Messiah's birthplace (Micah 5:2). Joseph's obedience to the decree of Caesar Augustus, despite the inconvenience, reflects his righteousness and submission to God's sovereign plan.

to register
The Greek word "ἀπογράφεσθαι" (apographesthai) means to enroll or record. This registration was part of a Roman census, a historical event that underscores the political backdrop of Jesus' birth. The census required individuals to return to their ancestral homes, highlighting the providential orchestration of events that led to Jesus being born in Bethlehem, fulfilling prophecy.

with Mary
The phrase "μετὰ Μαρίας" (meta Marias) indicates companionship and unity. Mary, chosen by God to bear the Messiah, accompanies Joseph, signifying her integral role in the divine plan. Her presence emphasizes the fulfillment of God's promise through humble and obedient servants. The journey together also reflects the sanctity and commitment of their relationship, even amidst societal challenges.

who was pledged to him in marriage
The Greek term "ἐμνηστευμένην" (emnēsteumenēn) refers to a betrothal, a legally binding agreement akin to marriage in Jewish culture. This betrothal underscores the purity and faithfulness of both Mary and Joseph, as they adhered to God's law and cultural norms. Their relationship exemplifies trust and obedience, serving as a model for Christian marriage.

and was expecting a child
The phrase "καὶ ἦν ἐγκύος" (kai ēn enkyos) highlights the miraculous nature of Mary's pregnancy. The child she carried was conceived by the Holy Spirit, fulfilling the prophecy of the virgin birth (Isaiah 7:14). This miraculous conception signifies the divine intervention in human history, as God incarnates in the person of Jesus Christ. Mary's expectant state also symbolizes hope and the anticipation of the Messiah's arrival, bringing salvation to humanity.

While they were there
This phrase sets the stage for the fulfillment of prophecy and divine timing. The "they" refers to Mary and Joseph, who have traveled to Bethlehem due to the Roman census. The journey from Nazareth to Bethlehem was approximately 70-90 miles, a significant distance for a pregnant woman. The phrase underscores God's sovereignty in orchestrating events, as Bethlehem is the prophesied birthplace of the Messiah (Micah 5:2). The Greek word for "there" (ἐκεῖ) emphasizes the specific location, highlighting the importance of Bethlehem in salvation history.

the time came
This phrase indicates the culmination of divine timing. The Greek word used here for "time" (χρόνος) refers to a specific period or season. It suggests that everything was unfolding according to God's perfect plan. In the broader biblical narrative, this moment is the fulfillment of centuries of prophecy and anticipation. Galatians 4:4 echoes this sentiment, stating, "But when the fullness of time had come, God sent forth His Son."

for her to give birth
This phrase marks the miraculous event of the Incarnation. The Greek word for "give birth" (τεκεῖν) is a common term for childbirth, yet in this context, it signifies the extraordinary birth of Jesus Christ, the Savior. Theologically, this moment is profound, as it represents God taking on human flesh (John 1:14). Historically, childbirth in ancient times was fraught with danger, yet this birth is surrounded by divine protection and purpose. The phrase invites reflection on the humility and vulnerability of the Christ child, born in a humble setting, yet destined to change the world.

And she gave birth
The phrase "gave birth" in Greek is "ἔτεκεν" (eteken), which signifies the act of bringing forth life. This moment is the fulfillment of the prophecy in Isaiah 7:14, where a virgin would conceive and bear a son. The birth of Jesus is a pivotal event in Christian theology, marking the incarnation of God in human form. It emphasizes the miraculous nature of Jesus' birth, as Mary, a virgin, gives birth to the Savior of the world.

to her firstborn
The term "firstborn" (πρωτότοκον, prototokon) is significant in Jewish culture, denoting the first son who opens the womb and holds a special place in the family. Biblically, the firstborn son had specific rights and responsibilities, including a double portion of the inheritance and leadership of the family. In a theological context, Jesus being the "firstborn" signifies His preeminence and unique status as the Son of God, as well as His role in the new creation, being the first to rise from the dead (Colossians 1:18).

a Son
The word "Son" (υἱόν, huion) is central to Christian belief, affirming Jesus' identity as the Son of God. This title underscores His divine nature and His relationship with God the Father. It also fulfills the promise made to David that his throne would be established forever through his offspring (2 Samuel 7:12-13), pointing to Jesus as the eternal King.

She wrapped Him in swaddling cloths
Swaddling cloths were strips of cloth used to wrap infants tightly, providing warmth and security. This practice was common in ancient times and symbolizes care and protection. The humble circumstances of Jesus' birth, being wrapped in simple cloths, highlight His humility and the paradox of the King of Kings entering the world in such a modest way. It also reflects the prophecy of Isaiah 53:2, where the Messiah is described as having no majesty or beauty to attract us to Him.

and laid Him in a manger
A manger (φάτνῃ, phatnē) is a feeding trough for animals, indicating the humble and lowly conditions of Jesus' birth. This setting contrasts with the expectations of a royal birth and emphasizes the theme of humility and accessibility. Jesus' birth in a manger signifies His identification with the poor and marginalized, fulfilling the prophecy of Micah 5:2 that the ruler of Israel would come from Bethlehem, a small and seemingly insignificant town.

because there was no room for them in the inn
The word "inn" (καταλύματι, katalumati) can also be translated as "guest room" or "lodging place." This phrase highlights the lack of hospitality and the crowded conditions in Bethlehem due to the census. The absence of room for Jesus at His birth foreshadows the rejection He would face throughout His life and ministry. It serves as a reminder of the world's unpreparedness to receive the Savior and challenges believers to make room for Christ in their hearts and lives.

And there were
This phrase introduces a new scene in the narrative, shifting the focus from the birth of Jesus to the shepherds. The Greek word "ἦσαν" (ēsan) is a form of "to be," indicating a continuous state. This suggests that the shepherds were habitually in the fields, emphasizing their role and lifestyle as constant caretakers of their flocks.

shepherds
Shepherds in biblical times were often seen as lowly and humble, yet they played a crucial role in society. The Greek word "ποιμένες" (poimenes) reflects their occupation as caretakers of sheep. Historically, shepherds were considered ritually unclean due to their work, yet God chose them to be the first to hear the news of Jesus' birth, highlighting the theme of God's grace and the inclusion of the marginalized.

residing in the fields
The phrase indicates that the shepherds lived in the fields, suggesting a life of simplicity and dedication. The Greek "ἀγραυλοῦντες" (agraulountes) implies a temporary dwelling, as shepherds would often stay with their flocks to protect them. This setting underscores the pastoral and humble circumstances surrounding the announcement of Christ's birth.

nearby
This word situates the shepherds in proximity to Bethlehem, where Jesus was born. The Greek "ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ" (en tē chōra) can be translated as "in the same region," indicating that the shepherds were close enough to quickly reach the place of Jesus' birth. This proximity symbolizes the accessibility of the Savior to all people.

keeping watch
The phrase "keeping watch" comes from the Greek "φυλάσσοντες φυλακὰς" (phylassontes phylakas), meaning to guard or protect vigilantly. This reflects the shepherds' responsibility and diligence in caring for their sheep, a metaphor often used in Scripture to describe God's care for His people.

over their flocks
The shepherds' flocks represent their livelihood and responsibility. The Greek "τὰς ποίμνας" (tas poimnas) refers to the sheep they tended. In a broader biblical context, sheep symbolize God's people, and the shepherds' care for their flocks mirrors God's shepherding of His people.

by night
The mention of "night" highlights the time of day, adding a layer of symbolism. The Greek "νυκτός" (nyktos) signifies darkness, often associated with fear or uncertainty. The shepherds' watchfulness during the night foreshadows the coming of the Light of the World, Jesus Christ, who dispels spiritual darkness. This setting also emphasizes the divine intervention and revelation that occurs in the most unexpected times and places.

Suddenly
The word "suddenly" conveys the unexpected and immediate nature of the angelic appearance. In the Greek, the term used is "exaiphnes," which emphasizes the abruptness of the event. This suddenness highlights the divine intervention in the ordinary lives of the shepherds, symbolizing how God often works in unexpected ways. It serves as a reminder that God's presence and action can break into our lives at any moment, transforming the mundane into the miraculous.

an angel of the Lord
The phrase "an angel of the Lord" refers to a messenger sent directly from God. In the Greek, "angelos" means "messenger," and it is often used in the New Testament to describe beings who deliver divine messages. The presence of an angel signifies the importance of the message being delivered. In the context of Luke 2, this angelic visitation underscores the significance of the birth of Jesus, heralding the arrival of the Savior to the world.

appeared to them
The phrase "appeared to them" indicates a visible manifestation of the angel to the shepherds. The Greek word "ephistemi" is used, which means to stand by or appear suddenly. This appearance is not just a vision but a tangible presence, emphasizing the reality of the divine encounter. It reflects the biblical theme of God revealing Himself to humanity, often choosing humble and lowly individuals, like the shepherds, to receive His revelation.

and the glory of the Lord
The "glory of the Lord" refers to the divine radiance and majesty associated with God's presence. In Hebrew, the word "kavod" is often used to describe God's glory, signifying weightiness and honor. In the Greek, "doxa" is used, which conveys splendor and brightness. This glory is a visible manifestation of God's holiness and power, often associated with His presence in the Old Testament, such as in the tabernacle or the temple. Here, it signifies the divine nature of the message and the significance of Christ's birth.

shone around them
The phrase "shone around them" describes the enveloping light that accompanied the angel's appearance. The Greek word "perilampo" means to shine around or illuminate. This light symbolizes God's presence and truth, dispelling darkness and fear. It serves as a metaphor for the coming of Christ, the Light of the World, who brings hope and salvation to humanity. The illumination around the shepherds signifies the breaking of spiritual darkness with the advent of Jesus.

and they were terrified
The reaction "and they were terrified" reflects the natural human response to encountering the divine. The Greek word "phobeo" is used, which means to fear or be in awe. This fear is not just terror but a reverential awe in the presence of God's holiness. Throughout Scripture, encounters with the divine often evoke fear, as seen with Moses at the burning bush or Isaiah's vision in the temple. This fear underscores the shepherds' recognition of the sacredness of the moment and the overwhelming nature of God's glory. It also sets the stage for the angel's message of reassurance and good news.

But the angel said to them
The appearance of an angel, a messenger of God, is a significant event in biblical narratives. In the Greek, "angel" is "ἄγγελος" (angelos), meaning messenger. Angels often appear in moments of divine intervention or revelation. Here, the angel speaks directly to the shepherds, emphasizing the personal nature of God's message. Historically, shepherds were considered lowly and humble, yet God chose them to receive this divine announcement, highlighting the inclusivity of God's kingdom.

Do not be afraid!
Fear is a common human response to the divine, as seen throughout Scripture. The Greek phrase "μὴ φοβεῖσθε" (mē phobeisthe) is a command to release fear. This reassurance is a recurring theme when God or His messengers appear, as seen in Genesis 15:1 and Matthew 28:5. It underscores God's desire for His people to approach Him with trust and confidence, not fear.

For behold
The word "behold" (ἰδού, idou) is an imperative to pay attention, to see with spiritual insight. It is a call to recognize the significance of what is about to be revealed. This word often precedes important revelations or divine truths, urging the listener to focus and understand the gravity of the message.

I bring you good news
The Greek term for "good news" is "εὐαγγελίζομαι" (euangelizomai), from which we derive the word "evangelize." This term is used to describe the proclamation of the Gospel, the message of salvation through Jesus Christ. The angel's announcement is the first proclamation of the Gospel, marking the beginning of the New Testament era of grace and redemption.

of great joy
The phrase "great joy" (χαρὰν μεγάλην, charan megalēn) emphasizes the profound and overwhelming happiness that accompanies the Gospel message. Joy is a fruit of the Spirit (Galatians 5:22) and a hallmark of the Christian life. This joy is not merely emotional but is rooted in the spiritual reality of salvation and the presence of God with His people.

that will be for all the people
The inclusivity of the Gospel is highlighted here. "All the people" (παντὶ τῷ λαῷ, panti tō laō) signifies that the message of Christ is for everyone, transcending ethnic, social, and cultural boundaries. This universal offer of salvation fulfills the Abrahamic promise that through his seed, all nations would be blessed (Genesis 12:3). It underscores the mission of the Church to spread the Gospel to all corners of the earth, as commanded in the Great Commission (Matthew 28:19-20).

Today
The word "today" signifies the immediacy and present reality of the event being announced. In the context of Luke 2:11, it emphasizes the fulfillment of God's promises in real-time. The Greek word used here is "σήμερον" (sēmeron), which underscores the urgency and the present moment of salvation history. This is not a distant hope but a present reality, reminding believers that God's interventions are timely and relevant to their current circumstances.

in the City of David
This phrase refers to Bethlehem, the birthplace of King David, and is significant in fulfilling the prophecy of the Messiah's lineage. The "City of David" is a term rich with historical and theological meaning, as it connects Jesus to the Davidic covenant, where God promised David that his throne would be established forever (2 Samuel 7:16). Bethlehem, a small and seemingly insignificant town, becomes the stage for the most significant event in salvation history, highlighting God's tendency to use the humble and lowly for His divine purposes.

a Savior
The term "Savior" is central to Christian theology, denoting one who delivers or rescues. In Greek, the word is "σωτήρ" (sōtēr), which implies a deliverer or preserver. This title for Jesus indicates His role in delivering humanity from sin and death. The announcement of a Savior is a message of hope and redemption, fulfilling the long-awaited expectation of the Jewish people for a Messiah who would bring salvation not just politically, but spiritually and eternally.

has been born
The phrase "has been born" emphasizes the incarnation, the moment when God took on human flesh. The Greek verb "ἐτέχθη" (etexthē) is in the aorist tense, indicating a completed action. This birth is not just a historical event but a divine intervention in human history. It marks the beginning of the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan, where the eternal Word becomes flesh (John 1:14), bridging the gap between God and humanity.

to you
The phrase "to you" personalizes the message of the angel, making it clear that the birth of Jesus is for the benefit of the hearers. It underscores the personal nature of God's salvation plan. The Greek "ὑμῖν" (hymin) is a plural pronoun, indicating that this good news is for all people, not just the shepherds who first heard it. It is an inclusive message, inviting everyone to partake in the joy and salvation brought by Christ.

He is Christ
The title "Christ" is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew "Messiah," meaning "Anointed One." The Greek word "Χριστός" (Christos) signifies Jesus as the anointed King and Priest, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies. This title affirms Jesus' divine mission and authority, as He is the one chosen and consecrated by God to bring about His kingdom. It is a declaration of Jesus' identity and purpose, central to Christian belief.

the Lord
The term "Lord" (Greek: "Κύριος," Kyrios) is a title of authority and divinity. In the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Old Testament, "Kyrios" is used to translate the divine name YHWH, indicating that Jesus is not only the Messiah but also divine. This title affirms the early Christian confession of Jesus' lordship and divinity, recognizing Him as sovereign over all creation. It is a call to worship and allegiance, acknowledging Jesus as both Savior and God.

And this will be a sign to you
The word "sign" in Greek is "σημεῖον" (sēmeion), which often denotes a miraculous or divine indicator. In the context of the birth of Jesus, the sign is not a grandiose miracle but a humble and unexpected one. The shepherds, who were considered lowly and unclean by societal standards, are given this divine sign, emphasizing God's grace and the breaking of social barriers. This sign is a testament to God's plan of salvation being accessible to all, regardless of status.

You will find a baby
The Greek word for "baby" is "βρέφος" (brephos), which refers to an infant or newborn. The use of this term highlights the humanity and vulnerability of Jesus, God incarnate. It underscores the mystery of the Incarnation, where the divine takes on human flesh, beginning life as a helpless infant. This profound truth is central to Christian theology, emphasizing that Jesus fully experienced human life from its very beginning.

wrapped in swaddling cloths
The phrase "swaddling cloths" refers to strips of cloth used to wrap infants tightly, a common practice in ancient times to provide warmth and security. The Greek word "σπαργανόω" (sparganoō) is used here, indicating the normalcy and humility of Jesus' birth. This detail connects Jesus to the common people, showing that He did not come in royal splendor but in simplicity and humility. It also foreshadows His eventual burial, where He would again be wrapped in cloths, pointing to His mission of sacrifice and redemption.

and lying in a manger
The term "manger" comes from the Greek "φάτνη" (phatnē), meaning a feeding trough for animals. This setting is significant, as it highlights the humble circumstances of Jesus' birth. The manger, a place for animals, symbolizes the rejection and lack of hospitality Jesus would face throughout His life. Yet, it also signifies that Jesus is the Bread of Life, accessible to all who seek Him. The manger scene fulfills Old Testament prophecies of the Messiah's humble beginnings and serves as a powerful image of God's love and humility.

And suddenly
The phrase "And suddenly" captures the immediacy and unexpected nature of the event. In the Greek, the word "ἐξαίφνης" (exaiphnes) conveys a sense of abruptness and surprise. This sudden appearance emphasizes the divine intervention and the breaking into the ordinary world with extraordinary revelation. It reminds us of the unpredictable nature of God's actions and His ability to intervene in human history at any moment.

there appeared
The Greek word "ἐγένετο" (egeneto) is used here, which means "came into being" or "happened." This indicates that the event was not just a vision or a dream but a real occurrence. The appearance of the heavenly host is a tangible manifestation of the spiritual realm intersecting with the physical world, underscoring the reality of the spiritual dimension and God's active presence in the world.

with the angel
The presence of "the angel" refers back to the angel who had just announced the birth of Jesus to the shepherds. This angel is likely Gabriel, who is often associated with delivering important messages from God. The angel's role as a messenger highlights the importance of the announcement and the divine authority behind it. The angel serves as a bridge between heaven and earth, bringing God's message to humanity.

a great multitude
The phrase "a great multitude" translates from the Greek "πλῆθος πολύ" (plēthos polu), indicating an innumerable company. This multitude of angels signifies the vastness of the heavenly host and the magnitude of the event being celebrated. It reflects the grandeur and glory of God, as well as the cosmic significance of Jesus' birth. The multitude's presence underscores the universal impact of the Incarnation.

of the heavenly host
The term "heavenly host" comes from the Greek "στρατιά" (stratia), which can mean an army or a host. This imagery of an army of angels conveys the power and majesty of God’s celestial forces. In the Old Testament, the "Lord of hosts" is a common title for God, emphasizing His sovereignty and command over all heavenly beings. The presence of the heavenly host at Jesus' birth signifies the divine endorsement and the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan.

praising God
The act of "praising God" is central to the angels' appearance. The Greek word "αἰνούντων" (ainountōn) means to extol or glorify. This praise is a response to the revelation of God's plan of salvation through the birth of Jesus. It reflects the joy and worship that the heavenly beings have for God's redemptive work. The angels' praise serves as a model for human worship, inviting us to join in the celebration of God's goodness and grace.

and saying
The phrase "and saying" introduces the content of the angels' proclamation. The Greek "λέγοντες" (legontes) indicates that what follows is a declaration or announcement. This sets the stage for the famous proclamation of peace and goodwill, highlighting the message of hope and salvation that Jesus' birth brings to the world. The angels' words are not just a song but a divine message that encapsulates the essence of the Gospel.

Glory to God
The word "glory" in Greek is "doxa," which signifies honor, praise, and worship. In the context of this verse, it reflects the angels' proclamation of God's majesty and divine nature. The angels are acknowledging God's supreme authority and the fulfillment of His promises through the birth of Jesus Christ. This phrase calls believers to recognize and honor God's sovereignty and His work in the world.

in the highest
The phrase "in the highest" can be understood as referring to the highest heavens, the dwelling place of God. It emphasizes the transcendence and omnipotence of God, who is above all creation. This expression also signifies that the glory given to God is supreme and unparalleled, fitting for the King of Kings. It reminds believers of the heavenly realm's involvement in the earthly event of Christ's birth.

and on earth peace
The Greek word for "peace" is "eirene," which encompasses not only the absence of conflict but also the presence of harmony, wholeness, and well-being. This peace is a gift from God, brought to earth through Jesus Christ, the Prince of Peace. It signifies the reconciliation between God and humanity, made possible by Christ's incarnation. This peace is both a present reality and a future hope for believers, encouraging them to live in harmony with God and others.

to men
The term "men" here is inclusive, referring to all humanity. It highlights the universal scope of God's offer of peace and salvation through Jesus Christ. This phrase underscores the inclusivity of the Gospel message, which is available to every person regardless of their background or status. It calls believers to share this message of peace with all people.

on whom His favor rests
The word "favor" in Greek is "eudokia," which means good pleasure or goodwill. This phrase indicates that God's peace is extended to those who are recipients of His grace and favor. It suggests a divine selection, not based on human merit, but on God's sovereign will and love. This favor is ultimately expressed through faith in Jesus Christ, who embodies God's grace. It encourages believers to rest in the assurance of God's favor and to live in response to His grace.

When the angels had left them
This phrase marks a transition from the heavenly to the earthly. The angels, messengers of God, had delivered their divine announcement to the shepherds and now departed. The Greek word for "angels" is "ἄγγελοι" (angeloi), meaning messengers. This highlights the role of angels as intermediaries between God and humanity. The departure of the angels signifies the end of the divine revelation and the beginning of human action in response to God's message.

and gone into heaven
The phrase indicates the return of the angels to their celestial abode. "Heaven" in Greek is "οὐρανός" (ouranos), often understood as the dwelling place of God. This emphasizes the divine origin of the message and the authority of the angels as God's emissaries. The ascension of the angels back to heaven underscores the completion of their mission and the sacredness of the message delivered.

the shepherds said to one another
Here, the focus shifts to the shepherds, who are now the primary actors. The shepherds, humble and often marginalized figures in society, are chosen by God to receive the good news. This choice reflects God's preference for the lowly and the humble. The phrase "said to one another" indicates a communal response, suggesting that the message of Christ is meant to be shared and discussed within a community of believers.

Let us go to Bethlehem
The shepherds' decision to go to Bethlehem demonstrates their faith and obedience. Bethlehem, meaning "house of bread" in Hebrew, is significant as the prophesied birthplace of the Messiah (Micah 5:2). This journey to Bethlehem symbolizes a pilgrimage of faith, a physical and spiritual movement towards the fulfillment of God's promise.

and see this thing that has happened
The shepherds express a desire to witness the fulfillment of the angelic message. The Greek word for "see" is "ἰδεῖν" (idein), which implies not just physical sight but also understanding and perception. This reflects the shepherds' eagerness to confirm and comprehend the reality of the divine event. Their response is an example of faith seeking understanding.

which the Lord has made known to us
This phrase acknowledges the divine source of the revelation. "The Lord" refers to God, emphasizing His sovereignty and initiative in revealing the birth of Christ. The Greek word for "made known" is "ἐγνώρισεν" (egnōrisen), indicating a revelation or disclosure. This underscores the grace of God in choosing to reveal His plans to humanity, particularly to those who are humble and receptive. The shepherds' recognition of God's revelation highlights their faith and the importance of divine initiative in the salvation narrative.

So they hurried off
The phrase "hurried off" indicates a sense of urgency and eagerness. The Greek word used here is "σπεύδω" (speudō), which conveys a swift movement or action. This urgency reflects the shepherds' immediate response to the angelic message. In the historical context, shepherds were often seen as lowly and marginalized, yet their quick response highlights their faith and willingness to witness the miraculous event. This eagerness can inspire believers today to respond promptly to God's call, emphasizing the importance of prioritizing spiritual matters.

and found Mary and Joseph
The word "found" comes from the Greek "εὑρίσκω" (heuriskō), meaning to discover or come upon. This suggests that the shepherds actively sought out Mary and Joseph, demonstrating their determination and faith. Mary and Joseph, central figures in the nativity story, represent obedience and humility. Their presence in Bethlehem fulfills the prophecy of the Messiah's birth in the city of David. This encounter underscores the divine orchestration of events and the fulfillment of God's promises, encouraging believers to trust in God's plan.

and the baby, who was lying in the manger
The "baby" refers to Jesus, the incarnate Son of God. The Greek word "βρέφος" (brephos) is used, indicating an infant or newborn. The mention of Jesus "lying in the manger" is significant, as a manger is a feeding trough for animals, symbolizing humility and simplicity. This humble setting contrasts with the majesty of Christ's divine nature, highlighting the theme of God becoming flesh and dwelling among us. The manger scene fulfills the angel's sign to the shepherds and serves as a powerful reminder of God's love and grace, calling believers to embrace humility and recognize the profound mystery of the Incarnation.

After they had seen the Child
This phrase marks a pivotal moment of revelation and fulfillment. The shepherds, who were considered lowly and humble in society, were chosen by God to witness the birth of Jesus. The Greek word for "seen" (εἶδον, eidon) implies not just a physical sight but a deeper understanding or perception. This encounter with the Christ child was transformative, moving them from mere observers to active participants in God's redemptive plan. Historically, shepherds were often marginalized, yet God chose them to be the first evangelists of the Messiah's birth, highlighting the theme of God's grace and favor upon the humble and lowly.

they spread the message
The Greek word for "spread" (διεγνωρίζοντο, diegnorizonto) suggests a thorough and widespread proclamation. The shepherds did not keep the news to themselves; they felt compelled to share it with others. This reflects the natural response to encountering Jesus—an urge to share the good news. The message they spread was not just a casual conversation but a deliberate and enthusiastic declaration. This act of spreading the message is a model for Christian evangelism, emphasizing the importance of sharing the gospel with others.

they had received about Him
The message the shepherds received was divine in origin, delivered by angels. The Greek word for "received" (λαληθέν, lalēthen) indicates that this was a spoken message, emphasizing the oral tradition of sharing God's word. The content of the message was centered on Jesus, the Savior, who is Christ the Lord. This highlights the centrality of Christ in the Christian message and the importance of accurate and faithful transmission of the gospel. The shepherds' role as recipients and transmitters of this divine message underscores the responsibility of believers to faithfully communicate the truth of Christ to the world.

And all who heard it
This phrase emphasizes the universality of the message delivered by the shepherds. The Greek word for "all" (πάντες, pantes) indicates that everyone within earshot was included, suggesting a widespread dissemination of the news. Historically, shepherds were not considered reliable witnesses in Jewish society, yet God chose them to be the first evangelists of Christ's birth. This choice underscores the theme of God's message being accessible to all, regardless of social status.

were amazed
The Greek word used here is "ἐθαύμασαν" (ethaumasan), which conveys a sense of wonder and astonishment. This reaction is significant because it reflects the impact of the divine message on ordinary people. The amazement of the listeners can be seen as a fulfillment of the prophecies concerning the Messiah, who would bring about a new understanding and revelation of God's plan. This amazement also serves as a precursor to the transformative power of Jesus' ministry.

at what the shepherds said to them
The shepherds' testimony is central to this verse. The Greek word for "said" (λαλούντων, lalounton) implies a continuous action, suggesting that the shepherds were actively and eagerly sharing their experience. This aligns with the biblical theme of witnessing, where those who encounter God are compelled to share their experience with others. The shepherds' message was not just about the birth of a child but the fulfillment of God's promise to send a Savior. Their role as messengers highlights the inclusivity of the Gospel, as God chose humble shepherds to announce the birth of the King of Kings. This choice reflects the biblical principle that God often uses the least likely individuals to accomplish His purposes, thereby confounding human expectations and glorifying His sovereignty.

But Mary treasured up all these things, pondering them in her heart
But Mary
The verse begins with "But Mary," highlighting the central figure in this passage. Mary, the mother of Jesus, is a pivotal character in the Gospel narratives. Her role is not only as the mother of the Messiah but also as a model of faith and obedience. The name "Mary" is derived from the Hebrew "Miryam," which can mean "beloved" or "bitter," reflecting the dual nature of her experience as both blessed and burdened by her unique role.

treasured up
The phrase "treasured up" comes from the Greek word "συνετήρει" (synetērei), which implies careful preservation and guarding of something valuable. This suggests that Mary did not merely remember these events but held them in high regard, recognizing their significance. In a historical context, this reflects the oral tradition of the time, where important events and teachings were memorized and passed down through generations.

all these things
"All these things" refers to the events surrounding the birth of Jesus, including the visit of the shepherds and the angelic announcement. This phrase indicates the comprehensive nature of Mary's reflection, encompassing the miraculous and the mundane. It underscores the importance of these events in the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.

pondering them
The word "pondering" is translated from the Greek "συμβάλλουσα" (symballousa), which means to bring together or to consider deeply. This suggests an active engagement with the events, as Mary seeks to understand their meaning and implications. It reflects a meditative and contemplative approach, characteristic of a heart seeking divine wisdom and insight.

in her heart
The phrase "in her heart" signifies the depth and sincerity of Mary's reflection. In biblical terms, the heart is often seen as the center of thought, emotion, and will. This indicates that Mary's contemplation was not superficial but deeply rooted in her innermost being. It highlights the personal and intimate nature of her relationship with God and her role in His plan.

The shepherds returned
The phrase "The shepherds returned" signifies the shepherds going back to their daily lives after witnessing the miraculous events surrounding the birth of Jesus. In the Greek, "returned" (ὑπέστρεψαν) implies a return to a previous state or place. This highlights the shepherds' obedience and faithfulness, as they resume their duties with renewed purpose and joy. Historically, shepherds were considered lowly and humble, yet God chose them to be the first witnesses of the Messiah, emphasizing the theme of God's grace to the humble and lowly.

glorifying and praising God
The words "glorifying and praising God" reflect the shepherds' response to the divine revelation they experienced. "Glorifying" (δοξάζοντες) and "praising" (αἰνοῦντες) are actions of worship and acknowledgment of God's greatness. In the Jewish tradition, glorifying God was a response to His mighty acts and faithfulness. The shepherds' worship is spontaneous and heartfelt, demonstrating the appropriate response to encountering God's work. This mirrors the biblical theme of worship as a natural reaction to God's revelation and goodness.

for all they had heard and seen
This phrase emphasizes the completeness of the shepherds' experience. "Heard" (ἤκουσαν) and "seen" (εἶδον) together indicate a full sensory confirmation of the angelic message. The shepherds' testimony is based on both auditory and visual evidence, underscoring the reliability of their witness. In the scriptural context, hearing and seeing are often linked to understanding and believing, as faith comes by hearing the word of God (Romans 10:17). The shepherds' experience is a testament to the truth of God's word and His faithfulness in fulfilling His promises.

which was just as the angel had told them
The phrase "which was just as the angel had told them" highlights the accuracy and reliability of the angelic message. The Greek word for "just as" (καθὼς) indicates exactness and precision. This fulfillment of the angel's words reinforces the trustworthiness of God's messengers and His divine plan. The shepherds' experience serves as a confirmation of prophecy and divine revelation, illustrating the theme of God's sovereignty and the fulfillment of His promises. This assurance of God's faithfulness is a source of hope and encouragement for believers, affirming that God's word is true and reliable.

When the eight days were completed
The phrase refers to the Jewish custom of circumcision, which was commanded by God to Abraham in Genesis 17:12. This practice was a sign of the covenant between God and His people, Israel. The "eight days" signifies the period after birth when a male child was to be circumcised, marking his official entry into the Jewish community. This act of obedience by Mary and Joseph underscores their faithfulness to the Law of Moses and their dedication to raising Jesus in accordance with Jewish tradition.

for His circumcision
Circumcision was not only a physical act but also a deeply spiritual one, symbolizing the cutting away of sin and the dedication of the individual to God. In the New Testament context, it foreshadows the spiritual circumcision of the heart that believers experience through faith in Christ (Romans 2:29). Jesus' circumcision signifies His full identification with humanity and His submission to the Law, even as an infant, fulfilling all righteousness on our behalf.

He was named Jesus
The name "Jesus" is the Greek form of the Hebrew name "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation" or "The Lord saves." This name was divinely appointed, as it encapsulates the mission and purpose of Christ's life on earth—to bring salvation to mankind. The act of naming Jesus at His circumcision aligns with Jewish tradition, where a child is named during this rite, signifying a new identity and purpose.

the name given by the angel
This refers to the angel Gabriel's announcement to Mary in Luke 1:31, where he instructed her to name the child Jesus. The angelic proclamation highlights the divine origin and authority of Jesus' mission. It emphasizes that Jesus' coming was not a human initiative but a divine intervention in human history, orchestrated by God Himself.

before He was conceived in the womb
This phrase underscores the miraculous nature of Jesus' conception, as foretold by the angel. It affirms the doctrine of the virgin birth, a cornerstone of Christian belief, which holds that Jesus was conceived by the Holy Spirit, born of the Virgin Mary. This miraculous conception signifies Jesus' divine nature and His unique role as the Son of God, set apart from the moment of conception for the redemption of humanity.

And when the days of their purification
The phrase "days of their purification" refers to the period prescribed by the Mosaic Law for a woman after childbirth. According to Leviticus 12, a woman was considered ceremonially unclean for a set number of days after giving birth. For a male child, this period was 40 days. The Greek word for "purification" is "katharismos," which implies a cleansing or purifying process. This reflects the Jewish understanding of ritual purity, which was essential for maintaining a proper relationship with God. The purification process underscores the humanity of Jesus, born under the Law, and the obedience of Mary and Joseph to God's commandments.

according to the Law of Moses
This phrase emphasizes the adherence to the Torah, the first five books of the Old Testament, traditionally attributed to Moses. The "Law of Moses" is a central element of Jewish identity and religious practice. It signifies the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. By fulfilling the requirements of the Law, Mary and Joseph demonstrate their piety and faithfulness. This obedience sets the stage for Jesus, who would later fulfill the Law and the Prophets, as stated in Matthew 5:17. The phrase also highlights the continuity between the Old and New Covenants, showing that Jesus' life and mission are deeply rooted in Jewish tradition.

were completed
The completion of the purification period signifies readiness for the next step in the religious observance. The Greek word "plēroō" means to fulfill or bring to completion. This completion is not just a legalistic requirement but a spiritual readiness to present Jesus to the Lord. It symbolizes the fulfillment of God's promises and the preparation for the new covenant that Jesus would inaugurate. The completion of these days also points to the meticulous observance of God's commands by Mary and Joseph, setting an example of faithfulness and devotion.

they brought Him to Jerusalem
Jerusalem, the city of David, is the spiritual and political center of Jewish life. Bringing Jesus to Jerusalem is significant because it is the place where God's presence dwelt in the Temple. The act of bringing Jesus to Jerusalem foreshadows His future ministry and ultimate sacrifice in this city. The Greek word "anapherō" means to bring up or lead up, indicating a journey of spiritual significance. This journey to Jerusalem is a precursor to Jesus' later journeys to the city, culminating in His crucifixion and resurrection.

to present Him to the Lord
The presentation of Jesus to the Lord is an act of dedication and consecration. According to Exodus 13:2, every firstborn male was to be consecrated to the Lord. The Greek word "paristēmi" means to present or offer, signifying an act of worship and submission to God's will. This presentation is a profound moment of recognition that Jesus belongs to God and is set apart for His divine purpose. It also prefigures Jesus' role as the ultimate High Priest and sacrificial Lamb, who would offer Himself for the salvation of humanity. The presentation is a moment of divine acknowledgment and human obedience, encapsulating the essence of Jesus' mission on earth.

as it is written in the Law of the Lord
This phrase underscores the importance of the Mosaic Law in the life of Jesus and His family. The Greek word for "written" is "γέγραπται" (gegraptai), which is in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing results. This suggests that the Law of the Lord, as given in the Old Testament, remains authoritative and relevant. The phrase emphasizes the continuity between the Old and New Testaments, showing that Jesus' life and mission were in fulfillment of the Scriptures. Historically, this reflects the Jewish tradition of adhering to the Torah, which was central to Jewish identity and religious practice.

Every firstborn male
The term "firstborn" (Greek: πρωτότοκος, prototokos) is significant both culturally and theologically. In Jewish tradition, the firstborn male held a special place of honor and responsibility. This concept is rooted in the Passover narrative (Exodus 13:2), where God spared the firstborn of Israel. Theologically, Jesus being the "firstborn" signifies His preeminence and unique status as the Son of God. It also foreshadows His role as the firstborn from the dead (Colossians 1:18), highlighting His resurrection and the new creation He inaugurates.

shall be consecrated to the Lord
The word "consecrated" (Greek: ἅγιος, hagios) means to be set apart as holy. This reflects the practice described in Exodus 13:2, where the firstborn were dedicated to God as a reminder of His deliverance of Israel from Egypt. In the context of Jesus, this consecration is not just a ritual act but a profound declaration of His divine mission. Jesus is set apart for the work of salvation, embodying the ultimate fulfillment of what it means to be consecrated to the Lord. This dedication is a precursor to His sacrificial role, emphasizing His holiness and purpose.

to offer a sacrifice
The act of offering a sacrifice is deeply rooted in Jewish tradition and law, as outlined in the Torah. The Greek word used here, "προσφέρειν" (prospherein), implies a presentation or offering to God, signifying obedience and devotion. Sacrifices were a means of atonement and worship, reflecting the Israelites' relationship with God. In this context, Mary and Joseph's offering underscores their piety and adherence to the Mosaic Law, even in humble circumstances.

in keeping with what is said in the Law of the Lord
This phrase emphasizes the importance of the Law, or "νόμος" (nomos), which was given by God to Moses. The Law of the Lord, particularly as found in Leviticus 12:8, prescribed specific offerings for purification after childbirth. This adherence to the Law highlights the faithfulness of Mary and Joseph, setting an example of righteousness and submission to God's commandments. It also foreshadows Jesus' own fulfillment of the Law.

A pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons
The offering of "a pair of turtledoves or two young pigeons" is significant because it was the provision made for those who could not afford a lamb, as stated in Leviticus 12:8. This indicates the humble economic status of Mary and Joseph, aligning with the theme of Jesus' humble beginnings. The choice of birds, "τρυγόνων" (trugonon) for turtledoves and "περιστερῶν" (peristeron) for pigeons, reflects God's provision for all His people, regardless of their social or economic standing. This offering symbolizes purity and peace, qualities embodied by Christ Himself.

Now there was a man in Jerusalem
This phrase introduces us to Simeon, a significant figure in the narrative of Jesus' early life. The mention of "Jerusalem" is crucial, as it is the spiritual and cultural heart of Judaism. Jerusalem, the city of David, is where the temple stood, symbolizing God's presence among His people. The setting underscores the fulfillment of God's promises in the very heart of Jewish faith and tradition.

named Simeon
The name "Simeon" is derived from the Hebrew "Shimon," meaning "he has heard." This is fitting, as Simeon is portrayed as a man who has heard and understood God's promises. His role in the narrative is to recognize and proclaim the fulfillment of God's word in the coming of the Messiah. Simeon's name reflects his spiritual sensitivity and readiness to respond to God's revelation.

who was righteous and devout
The description of Simeon as "righteous and devout" highlights his moral and spiritual integrity. "Righteous" (Greek: "dikaios") refers to his adherence to God's laws and his just character. "Devout" (Greek: "eulabēs") suggests a deep reverence for God and a careful observance of religious duties. Together, these terms paint a picture of a man who is deeply committed to his faith, living in a way that is pleasing to God.

He was waiting for the consolation of Israel
The phrase "waiting for the consolation of Israel" refers to the Jewish expectation of the Messiah, who would bring comfort and deliverance to God's people. The word "consolation" (Greek: "paraklēsis") implies encouragement and solace, pointing to the hope of redemption and restoration. Simeon's anticipation reflects the longing of the Jewish people for the fulfillment of God's promises through the coming of the Messiah.

and the Holy Spirit was upon him
The presence of the Holy Spirit upon Simeon signifies divine favor and guidance. In the Old Testament, the Holy Spirit would come upon individuals to empower them for specific tasks or to deliver God's message. Here, the Holy Spirit's presence indicates that Simeon is divinely inspired and equipped to recognize Jesus as the Messiah. This highlights the continuity of God's work through the Spirit from the Old Testament into the New Testament era.

The Holy Spirit
The phrase "The Holy Spirit" refers to the third person of the Trinity, who is active in the world, guiding, comforting, and revealing God's truth to believers. In the Greek, "Holy Spirit" is "ἅγιον πνεῦμα" (hagion pneuma), emphasizing the sacred and set-apart nature of the Spirit. The Holy Spirit's role in revelation is significant, as it underscores the divine communication and assurance given to Simeon. This highlights the intimate relationship between God and His people, where the Spirit acts as a bridge, ensuring that God's promises are personally and powerfully communicated.

had revealed
The Greek word for "revealed" is "κεχρηματισμένον" (kechrēmatismenon), which implies a divine communication or oracle. This term suggests that the revelation was not a mere impression or feeling but a clear and authoritative message from God. The use of this word indicates the certainty and reliability of the message given to Simeon, reinforcing the idea that God's promises are trustworthy and will come to pass.

to him
The phrase "to him" personalizes the revelation, indicating that God’s communication is not just a general truth but a specific promise to an individual. This personal aspect of God's interaction with Simeon reflects the broader biblical theme of God's personal care and attention to His people. It serves as a reminder that God knows each of us intimately and has a unique plan and purpose for our lives.

that he would not see death
This phrase is a promise of life until a particular event occurs. The assurance that Simeon "would not see death" before witnessing the Messiah is a profound testament to God's control over life and death. It reflects the biblical theme of God's sovereignty and His ability to fulfill His promises in His perfect timing. This assurance would have provided Simeon with hope and anticipation, knowing that his life had a divine purpose that would be fulfilled.

before he had seen
The phrase "before he had seen" indicates a future event that Simeon eagerly anticipated. The Greek word "ἴδῃ" (idē) for "seen" implies not just a physical sight but a spiritual recognition and understanding. This suggests that Simeon's encounter with the Messiah would be a moment of profound spiritual insight and fulfillment, aligning with the biblical theme of revelation and recognition of God's work in the world.

the Lord’s Christ
"The Lord’s Christ" refers to the Messiah, the anointed one sent by God to bring salvation. The term "Christ" comes from the Greek "Χριστός" (Christos), meaning "anointed one," equivalent to the Hebrew "Messiah." This title emphasizes Jesus' divine mission and authority as the one chosen by God to fulfill the prophecies and bring redemption. The use of "the Lord’s" highlights the divine origin and purpose of Christ, underscoring the fulfillment of God's redemptive plan through Jesus. This phrase encapsulates the hope and expectation of Israel and the world for a Savior, a hope that Simeon was privileged to witness firsthand.

So he went in the Spirit
This phrase indicates that Simeon was guided by the Holy Spirit. The Greek word for "Spirit" here is "πνεύματι" (pneumati), which signifies the divine presence and influence of God. In the context of Luke, the Holy Spirit plays a crucial role in guiding individuals to fulfill God's purposes. This highlights the importance of being attuned to the Spirit's leading in our lives, emphasizing a life of obedience and sensitivity to God's direction.

into the temple courts
The "temple courts" refer to the outer areas of the Temple in Jerusalem, a central place of worship and sacrifice for the Jewish people. The Greek term "ἱερόν" (hieron) is used here, which encompasses the entire temple complex, including the courts where people gathered. This setting underscores the fulfillment of Jewish law and prophecy, as the temple was the heart of Jewish religious life. It reminds us of the significance of communal worship and the fulfillment of God's promises in sacred spaces.

And when the parents brought in the child Jesus
This phrase introduces Mary and Joseph bringing Jesus to the temple. The Greek word for "parents" is "γονεῖς" (goneis), which emphasizes their role in Jesus' early life. The act of bringing Jesus to the temple was in obedience to the Jewish law, specifically the purification rites and the presentation of the firstborn (Exodus 13:2, Leviticus 12:6-8). This highlights the faithfulness of Jesus' earthly parents to God's commandments and sets the stage for Jesus' dedication to God's service.

to do for Him what was customary under the Law
This phrase refers to the Jewish customs and laws that Mary and Joseph were observing. The Greek word "νόμος" (nomos) means "law," specifically the Mosaic Law given to the Israelites. This act of obedience to the Law by Jesus' parents signifies the continuity of God's covenant with Israel and the fulfillment of the Law through Jesus. It serves as a reminder of the importance of living in accordance with God's commandments and the fulfillment of the Old Testament prophecies in the New Testament narrative.

Simeon
The name "Simeon" is of Hebrew origin, derived from "Shimon," meaning "he has heard." Simeon is a devout and righteous man in Jerusalem, eagerly awaiting the consolation of Israel. His presence in the temple at this moment is divinely orchestrated, fulfilling the promise that he would not see death before he had seen the Lord's Christ. Simeon's role is significant as he represents the faithful remnant of Israel who longed for the Messiah's coming.

took Him in his arms
This phrase captures a moment of profound intimacy and fulfillment. The Greek word for "took" (δέχομαι, dechomai) implies a welcoming or receiving, suggesting Simeon's readiness and eagerness to embrace the Messiah. Holding the infant Jesus symbolizes the physical manifestation of God's promise. It is a moment where the divine intersects with the human, and Simeon, representing the old covenant, embraces the new covenant in Christ.

and blessed God
The act of blessing God is a response of worship and gratitude. The Greek word for "blessed" (εὐλογέω, eulogeo) means to speak well of or to praise. Simeon's blessing is an acknowledgment of God's faithfulness and the fulfillment of His promises. This moment is a testament to God's sovereignty and the unfolding of His redemptive plan through Jesus. Simeon's blessing is not just personal but also prophetic, recognizing the significance of Jesus for all humanity.

saying
The word "saying" introduces Simeon's prophetic declaration, which follows in the subsequent verses. It indicates that what Simeon is about to express is not merely his own thoughts but is inspired by the Holy Spirit. This sets the stage for a profound revelation about Jesus' identity and mission. Simeon's words are a divine proclamation, affirming Jesus as the light for revelation to the Gentiles and the glory of Israel. This moment encapsulates the essence of the Gospel, bridging the Old Testament prophecies with their New Testament fulfillment in Christ.

Now, Lord
The opening phrase "Now, Lord," signifies a moment of fulfillment and recognition. The Greek word for "Lord" here is "κύριε" (kurie), which denotes authority and reverence. This address is a direct acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and the speaker's submission to His divine will. In the historical context, this reflects the Jewish understanding of God as the ultimate authority, a theme consistent throughout the Old Testament. The use of "Now" indicates a pivotal moment, a transition from waiting to fulfillment, echoing the anticipation of the Messiah throughout Jewish history.

You are letting Your servant depart in peace
The phrase "You are letting Your servant depart in peace," is rich with meaning. The Greek word for "servant" is "δοῦλος" (doulos), which implies a bond-servant or one who is devoted to the service of another. This reflects a deep sense of humility and dedication to God's service. The word "depart" (ἀπολύεις, apolueis) suggests a release or dismissal, often used in the context of freeing a slave or prisoner. This indicates a sense of completion and fulfillment of duty. "In peace" (ἐν εἰρήνῃ, en eirēnē) conveys a profound sense of wholeness and tranquility, a state of being that is only possible through divine assurance. This peace is not merely the absence of conflict but a deep-seated sense of well-being and fulfillment, rooted in the Hebrew concept of "shalom."

according to Your word
The concluding phrase "according to Your word" emphasizes the faithfulness of God to His promises. The Greek term "λόγον" (logon) refers to a word, statement, or promise. This highlights the reliability and trustworthiness of God's declarations throughout Scripture. The speaker acknowledges that what is happening is in direct fulfillment of God's prophetic word, underscoring the theme of divine faithfulness. This phrase ties back to the numerous prophecies in the Old Testament regarding the coming of the Messiah, demonstrating that God's word is unchanging and His promises are sure. This assurance is a cornerstone of the Christian faith, providing believers with confidence in God's plan and purpose for their lives.

For my eyes
The phrase "For my eyes" signifies a deeply personal and experiential encounter. In the Greek, the word for "eyes" is "ophthalmos," which implies not just physical sight but also spiritual perception. This moment is a culmination of anticipation and prophecy, where Simeon, a devout man, witnesses the fulfillment of God's promise. The eyes are often seen as the windows to the soul, and here they are the medium through which Simeon perceives divine truth. This emphasizes the importance of personal revelation and the joy of witnessing God's work firsthand.

have seen
The Greek word for "have seen" is "eidon," which means to perceive or to become aware of. This is not merely a casual glance but a profound recognition and understanding. Simeon's seeing is an acknowledgment of the fulfillment of God's promise to him that he would not die before he had seen the Lord's Messiah. This seeing is both physical and spiritual, indicating a deep awareness and acceptance of God's plan. It is a reminder of the faithfulness of God in revealing His purposes to those who are faithful and patient.

Your salvation
"Your salvation" refers to Jesus Christ, who is the embodiment of God's plan for the redemption of humanity. The Greek word for "salvation" is "soterion," which denotes deliverance, preservation, and safety. In the context of the Jewish expectation, salvation was often associated with deliverance from oppression and the establishment of God's kingdom. However, in the New Testament, it takes on a broader meaning, encompassing spiritual deliverance from sin and eternal separation from God. Simeon's declaration is a recognition that Jesus is the long-awaited Messiah, the one who brings ultimate salvation not just to Israel but to all people. This highlights the universal scope of Christ's mission and the inclusivity of God's love and grace.

which You have prepared
This phrase emphasizes the divine initiative and sovereignty of God in the unfolding of His salvation plan. The Greek word for "prepared" is "ἡτοίμασας" (hetoimasas), which conveys the idea of making ready or arranging beforehand. This preparation is not a last-minute decision but a meticulously planned act of God, showcasing His omniscience and omnipotence. In the broader biblical narrative, this preparation is seen throughout the Old Testament, where prophecies and covenants point towards the coming of the Messiah. The fulfillment of these prophecies in the New Testament underscores God's faithfulness and the reliability of His word.

in the sight of
The phrase "in the sight of" translates from the Greek "κατὰ πρόσωπον" (kata prosōpon), which literally means "before the face of." This expression indicates visibility and openness, suggesting that God's salvation is not hidden or exclusive but is meant to be seen and recognized by all. It reflects the transparency and universality of God's redemptive work. Historically, this openness contrasts with the secretive and exclusive nature of many ancient religious practices, highlighting the distinctiveness of the Christian message that is proclaimed openly to all humanity.

all people
The term "all people" is derived from the Greek "πάντων τῶν λαῶν" (pantōn tōn laōn), which encompasses every nation, tribe, and ethnicity. This phrase underscores the inclusivity of the Gospel message. In the context of first-century Judaism, this was a radical concept, as the Jewish people were accustomed to being the chosen nation. However, the coming of Christ signifies a new covenant that extends beyond ethnic and cultural boundaries, fulfilling the promise to Abraham that through his seed, all nations would be blessed (Genesis 22:18). This universality is a cornerstone of Christian theology, emphasizing that salvation through Jesus Christ is available to every person, regardless of their background or status.

a light
The phrase "a light" in Luke 2:32 refers to Jesus Christ as the illumination of divine truth and revelation. The Greek word used here is "φῶς" (phōs), which signifies not just physical light but also spiritual enlightenment and understanding. In the context of the Gospel, Jesus is portrayed as the light that dispels the darkness of sin and ignorance. This imagery is consistent with the prophetic writings in Isaiah 9:2, which speak of a great light shining on those living in darkness. The metaphor of light is central to understanding Jesus' mission to reveal God's truth and offer salvation to all humanity.

for revelation
The term "for revelation" comes from the Greek word "ἀποκάλυψις" (apokalypsis), meaning an unveiling or disclosure. In this context, it signifies the unveiling of God's plan of salvation through Jesus Christ. This revelation is not limited to the Jewish people but extends to the Gentiles, indicating the universal scope of Christ's mission. The use of "revelation" underscores the idea that Jesus is the fulfillment of God's promises and the one who makes known the mysteries of God's kingdom to all who seek Him.

to the Gentiles
The phrase "to the Gentiles" highlights the inclusive nature of the Gospel message. The Greek term "ἔθνη" (ethnē) refers to nations or peoples other than the Jewish nation. This is a significant point in Luke's Gospel, as it emphasizes that Jesus' coming is not just for Israel but for all nations. Historically, the Jewish people were seen as God's chosen people, but through Christ, the promise of salvation is extended to all ethnicities and cultures. This reflects the fulfillment of the Abrahamic covenant, where all nations would be blessed through his seed (Genesis 12:3).

and for glory
The word "glory" in this verse is translated from the Greek "δόξα" (doxa), which conveys the idea of honor, splendor, and divine majesty. In the biblical context, glory often refers to the visible manifestation of God's presence and power. Here, it signifies the honor and exaltation that comes to Israel through the Messiah. Jesus, as the promised Savior, brings glory to Israel by fulfilling the prophecies and establishing God's kingdom. This glory is not just a nationalistic pride but a spiritual elevation that comes from being part of God's redemptive plan.

to Your people Israel
The phrase "to Your people Israel" reaffirms God's covenantal relationship with the Jewish people. The Greek word "λαός" (laos) denotes a people or nation, specifically referring to the descendants of Jacob, the patriarch of the twelve tribes of Israel. This highlights the continuity of God's promises to Israel, as Jesus is the long-awaited Messiah who comes to fulfill the Law and the Prophets. While the Gospel is for all, it begins with Israel, God's chosen people, through whom the Savior of the world is revealed. This underscores the faithfulness of God to His promises and the special role of Israel in the history of salvation.

The Child’s father and mother
This phrase refers to Joseph and Mary, the earthly parents of Jesus. In the cultural and historical context of first-century Judea, family lineage and parental roles were of utmost importance. Joseph, though not the biological father of Jesus, is recognized as His earthly father, fulfilling the legal and protective role within the family. Mary, chosen by God to bear the Messiah, is central to the fulfillment of the prophecies concerning the virgin birth (Isaiah 7:14). The Greek word for "father" here is "πατήρ" (patēr), which can denote a paternal figure, emphasizing Joseph's role in Jesus' upbringing. The term "mother" is "μήτηρ" (mētēr), highlighting Mary's unique role in salvation history.

were amazed
The Greek word used here is "θαυμάζω" (thaumazō), which conveys a sense of wonder, astonishment, or marvel. This reaction is significant as it reflects the human response to divine revelation and the unfolding of God's plan. Joseph and Mary, despite their unique roles, continue to experience awe at the divine nature and mission of Jesus. This amazement is a recurring theme in the Gospels, where the miraculous and the fulfillment of prophecy often leave witnesses in a state of wonder.

at what was spoken about Him
This phrase refers to the prophetic words spoken by Simeon in the temple, as recorded earlier in Luke 2. Simeon's declaration recognized Jesus as the Messiah, the "salvation" prepared for all people, a "light for revelation to the Gentiles," and the "glory of [God's] people Israel" (Luke 2:30-32). The Greek word for "spoken" is "λαλέω" (laleō), which means to speak or to utter words. This emphasizes the power and authority of prophetic speech in the biblical narrative. The amazement of Joseph and Mary underscores the profound impact of these revelations, affirming Jesus' divine mission and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies. This moment in the temple is a pivotal confirmation of Jesus' identity and purpose, setting the stage for His future ministry and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.

Then Simeon blessed them
The act of blessing in the biblical context often involves invoking divine favor and protection. The Greek word for "blessed" here is "eulogēsen," which implies a formal pronouncement of good will and divine favor. Simeon, a devout man, recognizes the divine purpose in Jesus' life and imparts a blessing that acknowledges the sacred role of both Jesus and His family. This blessing is not just a customary greeting but a prophetic declaration, setting the stage for the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.

and said to His mother Mary
Simeon's address to Mary specifically highlights her unique role in the life of Jesus. The Greek word "eipen" (said) indicates a direct and intentional communication. Mary, as the mother of Jesus, is central to the narrative of the Incarnation. Her role is both a privilege and a burden, as she will witness the fulfillment of Simeon's prophecy. This moment underscores the personal and intimate nature of God's plan, involving real people with real emotions and challenges.

Behold, this Child
The word "Behold" (Greek "idou") is an imperative that calls for attention and reflection. It is a divine spotlight on Jesus, emphasizing His significance. "This Child" refers to Jesus, whose birth is the culmination of Old Testament prophecies and the hope of Israel. The use of "Child" (Greek "paidion") emphasizes His humanity and vulnerability, yet within this child lies the power and authority of God incarnate.

is appointed
The Greek word "keimai" means to be set or destined. This indicates that Jesus' life and mission are not random but divinely ordained. His coming is part of God's sovereign plan, predetermined before the foundation of the world. This appointment underscores the certainty and purposefulness of God's redemptive work through Christ.

for the fall and rise of many in Israel
The phrase "fall and rise" (Greek "ptōsin kai anastasin") suggests a paradoxical outcome of Jesus' ministry. "Fall" implies judgment and rejection, while "rise" indicates salvation and restoration. Jesus' presence will be a dividing line, revealing the hearts of many. Those who reject Him will fall, while those who accept Him will rise to new life. This dual outcome reflects the prophetic nature of Jesus' mission, fulfilling Isaiah's prophecies about the Messiah as both a stumbling block and a cornerstone.

and to be a sign
The word "sign" (Greek "sēmeion") refers to a miraculous or significant event that points to a deeper reality. Jesus Himself is the ultimate sign, embodying God's presence and power. His life, death, and resurrection are signs that reveal God's love and justice. This sign is not merely for wonder but for revelation, calling people to faith and repentance.

that will be spoken against
The phrase "spoken against" (Greek "antilegomenon") indicates opposition and controversy. Jesus' life and message will provoke resistance and hostility. This opposition is not just from political or religious leaders but from all who reject His claims. The prophecy foreshadows the conflict and suffering Jesus will endure, culminating in the cross. Yet, through this opposition, God's purposes will be accomplished, and the truth of the Gospel will be revealed.

so that
This phrase introduces the purpose or result of the preceding events. In the context of Simeon's prophecy, it indicates the divine intention behind the coming of Jesus. The Greek word "ὅπως" (hopōs) is often used to denote purpose, suggesting that God's plan is unfolding through these events. This highlights the sovereignty of God in orchestrating the life and mission of Jesus, emphasizing that nothing occurs by chance but is part of a divine narrative.

the thoughts
The Greek word here is "διαλογισμοί" (dialogismoi), which refers to inner reasoning, deliberations, or reflections. This term suggests that Jesus' presence and message will bring to light the hidden intentions and beliefs within individuals. It underscores the transformative power of Christ, who challenges people to confront their true selves and beliefs, leading to spiritual introspection and growth.

of many hearts
The heart, "καρδιῶν" (kardiōn) in Greek, is often seen as the center of emotions, will, and intellect in biblical literature. This phrase indicates that Jesus' impact will be widespread, affecting a multitude of people. It reflects the universal scope of Christ's mission, reaching into the depths of human experience and calling for a response from all who encounter Him.

will be revealed
The Greek word "ἀποκαλυφθήσονται" (apokalyphthēsontai) means to uncover or disclose. This suggests that Jesus' life and teachings will act as a catalyst for exposing the true nature of people's hearts. It implies a divine unveiling, where hidden truths are brought to light, aligning with the biblical theme of light overcoming darkness.

and a sword
The imagery of a sword, "ῥομφαία" (rhomphaia) in Greek, is powerful and evocative. It symbolizes division, conflict, and suffering. In this context, it foreshadows the pain and sorrow that Mary, the mother of Jesus, will endure. The sword represents the deep emotional and spiritual anguish she will experience, particularly at the crucifixion of her son.

will pierce
The verb "διελεύσεται" (dieleusetai) conveys the idea of passing through or penetrating deeply. This emphasizes the intensity and depth of the sorrow that Mary will face. It is not a superficial wound but a profound and piercing pain, highlighting the cost of her unique role in God's redemptive plan.

your soul
The term "ψυχὴν" (psychēn) refers to the soul or life force, encompassing the entirety of a person's being. This indicates that the impact of the sword will affect Mary at the deepest level of her existence. It underscores the personal and intimate nature of her suffering, as she is intricately connected to the life and mission of Jesus.

as well
This phrase, "καὶ σοῦ" (kai sou), connects Mary's experience to the broader narrative of Jesus' mission. It suggests that her suffering is not isolated but is part of the larger account of redemption. It serves as a reminder that following Christ often involves personal sacrifice and suffering, yet it is through these trials that God's purposes are fulfilled.

There was also a prophetess
The term "prophetess" in this context is significant, as it highlights the role of women in the early biblical narrative. The Greek word used here is "προφήτις" (prophētis), which indicates a female who speaks forth by divine inspiration. In the conservative Christian perspective, this acknowledges that God can and does use women to convey His messages, affirming their value and role in His divine plan. Anna's role as a prophetess underscores the inclusivity of God's call, transcending gender and societal norms of the time.

Anna
The name "Anna" is derived from the Hebrew name "Hannah," meaning "grace" or "favor." This name is fitting for a woman who is depicted as devout and favored by God to witness the presentation of Jesus at the temple. Her presence in the narrative is a testament to God's grace, as she is given the privilege of recognizing the Messiah. In a broader sense, Anna's life exemplifies the grace that God extends to those who are faithful and devoted to Him.

the daughter of Phanuel
The mention of Anna being "the daughter of Phanuel" provides a genealogical context, which is a common biblical practice to establish identity and heritage. The name "Phanuel" means "face of God" in Hebrew, suggesting a lineage that is spiritually significant. This connection may imply that Anna's family was known for their piety and devotion to God, further emphasizing her own spiritual dedication and the divine favor upon her family.

of the tribe of Asher
The tribe of Asher was one of the twelve tribes of Israel, known for its blessings of prosperity and happiness as prophesied by Jacob in Genesis 49:20. Asher's territory was located in the northern part of Israel, and its people were known for their agricultural abundance. Anna's identification with the tribe of Asher highlights the fulfillment of God's promises to His people and serves as a reminder of the blessings that come from faithfulness to God.

She was well along in years
This phrase indicates Anna's advanced age, which in biblical times was often associated with wisdom and experience. Her long life is a testament to her enduring faith and devotion. In a conservative Christian view, her age also symbolizes the culmination of a life lived in anticipation of the Messiah, representing the hope and fulfillment found in Christ. Her longevity is a reminder of the blessings of a life dedicated to God.

having lived with her husband seven years after her marriage
The specific mention of "seven years" is significant, as the number seven in biblical terms often symbolizes completeness or perfection. Although Anna's marriage was relatively short, it was complete in its purpose and fulfillment. Her subsequent years of widowhood were spent in devotion to God, illustrating a life of faithfulness despite personal loss. This reflects the conservative Christian belief in finding purpose and fulfillment in God's service, regardless of life's circumstances.

and then was a widow
The phrase highlights Anna's status as a widow, which in the cultural and historical context of ancient Israel, often meant a life of vulnerability and dependence. The Greek word for widow, "χήρα" (chēra), implies a woman who has lost her husband and is often associated with a lack of social standing and financial support. In the biblical narrative, widows are frequently mentioned as a group deserving of special care and protection, reflecting God's compassion and justice. Anna's status as a widow underscores her resilience and dedication to God despite personal loss.

to the age of eighty-four
This phrase indicates Anna's advanced age, emphasizing her long life of faithfulness. In biblical times, reaching such an age was considered a sign of God's blessing and favor. The number eighty-four can also be seen symbolically, as numbers often carry deeper meanings in Scripture. The longevity of Anna's life serves as a testament to her enduring devotion and the fulfillment of God's promises to those who remain steadfast in faith.

She never left the temple
Anna's constant presence in the temple signifies her deep commitment to worship and service. The Greek verb "ἀφίστημι" (aphistēmi), translated as "left," suggests a deliberate choice to remain in a place of spiritual significance. The temple, as the center of Jewish religious life, represents God's dwelling place among His people. Anna's dedication to staying in the temple reflects her desire to be continually in God's presence, serving as an example of unwavering devotion and spiritual discipline.

but worshiped night and day
This phrase highlights Anna's continuous worship, indicating a life wholly devoted to God. The Greek word for worship, "λατρεύω" (latreuō), encompasses acts of service and devotion, suggesting that Anna's life was a living sacrifice. Her worship "night and day" implies a rhythm of life centered around prayer and praise, demonstrating the importance of constant communion with God. Anna's example encourages believers to cultivate a lifestyle of worship, integrating faith into every aspect of daily life.

fasting and praying
Fasting and praying are spiritual disciplines that Anna practiced regularly. Fasting, from the Greek "νηστεία" (nēsteia), involves abstaining from food to focus on spiritual matters, symbolizing humility and dependence on God. Prayer, "προσευχή" (proseuchē), is communication with God, expressing adoration, confession, thanksgiving, and supplication. Together, these practices reflect a heart attuned to God's will and a life seeking His guidance and presence. Anna's commitment to fasting and praying underscores the power of these disciplines in drawing closer to God and aligning with His purposes.

Coming forward at that very moment
This phrase highlights the divine timing and orchestration of events. The Greek word for "coming forward" is "epistasa," which implies a sudden or intentional approach. Anna, the prophetess, arrives at the precise moment Simeon is blessing Jesus, underscoring God's providence. This moment is not coincidental but divinely appointed, reflecting the fulfillment of God's promises. Historically, this setting is the Temple in Jerusalem, a place of worship and prophecy, where God's presence was believed to dwell, making Anna's arrival there significant.

she gave thanks to God
The act of giving thanks is central to worship and acknowledgment of God's sovereignty. The Greek word "anthomologeomai" is used here, which means to confess or acknowledge openly. Anna's gratitude is not just personal but public, demonstrating her recognition of God's faithfulness in sending the Messiah. This thanksgiving is a model for believers, emphasizing the importance of gratitude in response to God's work in our lives.

and spoke about the Child
Anna's response to seeing Jesus is to speak about Him, indicating the natural overflow of encountering the Messiah. The Greek word "laleo" means to talk or to speak, suggesting that her proclamation was continuous and enthusiastic. This reflects the early Christian mission of evangelism, where encountering Christ compels believers to share the good news. Anna's testimony is significant as it comes from a respected prophetess, adding weight to the recognition of Jesus as the Messiah.

to all who were waiting
This phrase identifies the audience of Anna's message. The Greek word "prosdexomenois" means to expect or to look for, indicating a group of devout Jews who were anticipating the Messiah. This expectation was rooted in Old Testament prophecies, such as those found in Isaiah and Daniel, which spoke of a coming Redeemer. Anna's message is a fulfillment of these prophecies, providing hope and confirmation to those who were longing for God's salvation.

for the redemption of Jerusalem
The term "redemption" is rich with theological significance. The Greek word "lutrosis" refers to a ransom or liberation, often used in the context of freeing slaves or prisoners. In the Jewish context, this redemption is both spiritual and national, pointing to the deliverance from sin and the restoration of Israel. Jerusalem, as the heart of Jewish worship and identity, symbolizes the broader hope for the nation's renewal. Anna's proclamation connects Jesus to this redemptive hope, affirming Him as the one who will bring about God's promised salvation.

When Jesus’ parents
This phrase refers to Mary and Joseph, who were chosen by God to be the earthly guardians of Jesus. The Greek word for "parents" here is "γονεῖς" (goneis), emphasizing their role in nurturing and raising Jesus according to Jewish customs and traditions. Their obedience and faithfulness to God's commands are evident throughout the Gospel narratives, highlighting the importance of godly parenting in the upbringing of children.

had done everything required by the Law of the Lord
This phrase underscores the devoutness of Mary and Joseph in adhering to the Mosaic Law. The Greek word for "required" is "πᾶς" (pas), meaning "all" or "every," indicating their complete compliance with the law. This includes the purification rites and the presentation of Jesus at the temple, as described earlier in Luke 2. Their actions reflect a deep commitment to their faith and set a precedent for Jesus' own fulfillment of the law.

they returned to Galilee
Galilee, a region in northern Israel, was known for its diverse population and vibrant culture. The Greek word "ὑπέστρεψαν" (hupestrepsan) means "they returned," signifying a journey back to a familiar place. This return marks the beginning of Jesus' life in a humble and ordinary setting, away from the political and religious epicenter of Jerusalem, yet it is in Galilee that much of His ministry would later unfold.

to their own town of Nazareth
Nazareth, a small and seemingly insignificant town, becomes the backdrop for Jesus' formative years. The Greek term "πόλιν" (polin) refers to a city or town, and "ἰδίαν" (idian) means "own," indicating a place of belonging and identity for Jesus' family. Despite its obscurity, Nazareth fulfills the prophetic word that the Messiah would be called a Nazarene (Matthew 2:23). This highlights God's use of humble beginnings to accomplish His divine purposes, reminding believers that greatness in God's kingdom often starts in the most unexpected places.

And the Child
This phrase refers to Jesus, the central figure of the New Testament. The term "Child" emphasizes His humanity and the reality of His incarnation. In Greek, the word used is "παιδίον" (paidion), which denotes a young child, highlighting Jesus' vulnerability and dependence during His early years. This reminds us of the mystery of the Incarnation, where the divine took on human flesh, experiencing growth and development like any other human being.

grew
The Greek word here is "αὐξάνω" (auxanō), meaning to increase or grow. This indicates a natural, physical development, affirming that Jesus experienced a normal human childhood. This growth is not just physical but also encompasses His mental and emotional development, showing that He fully participated in the human experience.

and became strong
The phrase "became strong" comes from the Greek "κραταιόω" (krataioō), which means to be strengthened or to increase in strength. This suggests not only physical robustness but also a strengthening of character and spirit. It reflects the holistic development of Jesus, preparing Him for His future ministry. This growth in strength is a testament to His preparation for the mission He was to undertake.

He was filled with wisdom
The Greek word for "wisdom" is "σοφία" (sophia), which implies not just knowledge but the application of knowledge in a way that is righteous and just. This wisdom is a divine gift, indicating that even as a child, Jesus possessed an understanding and insight beyond His years. It points to His unique relationship with God the Father and His role as the divine Logos, the Word made flesh.

and the grace of God
The term "grace" is translated from the Greek "χάρις" (charis), which means favor or kindness. This grace is indicative of God's special favor and presence in Jesus' life. It underscores the divine approval and blessing upon Him, marking Him as set apart for a holy purpose. This grace is not earned but is a testament to God's sovereign will and love.

was upon Him
The phrase "was upon Him" signifies a continuous state of being. The Greek construction suggests an ongoing presence of God's grace throughout Jesus' life. This divine favor was evident in His actions, teachings, and ultimately, His sacrificial death and resurrection. It reassures believers of the constant presence and support of God in their lives, as it was with Jesus.

Every year
This phrase indicates a consistent and faithful practice by Jesus' family. The Greek word for "every" is "κατ' ἔτος" (kat' etos), which emphasizes regularity and tradition. This annual pilgrimage underscores the devout nature of Jesus' family, adhering to Jewish law and customs. It reflects the importance of religious observance in Jewish life, as commanded in the Torah, specifically in Deuteronomy 16:16, where all males were required to appear before the Lord three times a year.

His parents
The reference to "His parents" highlights the earthly guardianship of Mary and Joseph over Jesus. In the Greek, "οἱ γονεῖς αὐτοῦ" (hoi goneis autou) signifies their role in nurturing and raising Jesus in a devout Jewish household. This phrase also subtly affirms the humanity of Jesus, who, though divine, was raised in a human family structure, experiencing the same familial bonds and responsibilities.

went to Jerusalem
The act of going "to Jerusalem" signifies the centrality of this city in Jewish worship and identity. Jerusalem, known as "Ἰερουσαλήμ" (Ierousalēm) in Greek, was the spiritual heart of Judaism, housing the Temple, the focal point of Jewish religious life. This pilgrimage was not merely a journey but a spiritual ascent, as Jerusalem is situated on a hill, symbolizing drawing closer to God.

for the Feast of the Passover
The "Feast of the Passover," or "τῆς ἑορτῆς τοῦ πάσχα" (tēs heortēs tou pascha) in Greek, commemorates the Israelites' deliverance from Egyptian bondage, as described in Exodus 12. This feast is one of the most significant in the Jewish calendar, symbolizing liberation and God's faithfulness. The Passover not only recalls historical salvation but also foreshadows the ultimate redemption through Christ, the Lamb of God. Jesus' participation in this feast from a young age connects His life and mission to the broader narrative of God's redemptive plan for humanity.

When He was twelve years old
This phrase marks a significant moment in the life of Jesus, as twelve years old was the age at which a Jewish boy was considered to be on the brink of adulthood, preparing for his Bar Mitzvah at thirteen. In Jewish tradition, this was a time when a boy began to take on the responsibilities of the law. The age of twelve signifies a period of transition and growth, both physically and spiritually. It is a reminder of Jesus' humanity, experiencing the same developmental milestones as other Jewish boys of His time. This age also foreshadows His coming role as a teacher and leader, as He begins to engage more deeply with the religious practices and teachings of His people.

they went up
The phrase "they went up" refers to the journey that Jesus and His family made to Jerusalem. The use of "went up" is significant, as it reflects the geographical and spiritual ascent to the holy city of Jerusalem, which is situated on a hill. This pilgrimage was a common practice for Jewish families, emphasizing their devotion and obedience to the religious customs. The act of going up to Jerusalem symbolizes a movement towards God, a physical and spiritual journey that reflects the heart's desire to draw nearer to the divine presence.

according to the custom
This phrase highlights the adherence of Jesus' family to Jewish traditions and laws. The word "custom" indicates a practice that is established and respected within the community. It underscores the faithfulness of Mary and Joseph in raising Jesus within the framework of Jewish law and tradition. This obedience to custom is a testament to their piety and commitment to God’s commandments. It also sets the stage for Jesus' own respect for the law, which He would later fulfill and expand upon in His teachings.

of the Feast
The "Feast" referred to here is the Feast of Passover, one of the most important Jewish festivals, commemorating the Israelites' deliverance from slavery in Egypt. This annual pilgrimage to Jerusalem was a time of remembrance and celebration of God's saving power and faithfulness. The Passover feast is rich with symbolism, pointing to themes of redemption, sacrifice, and covenant. For Jesus, attending the Feast of Passover at this age would have been an opportunity to engage with these themes, which would later be central to His own mission and ministry. The Passover not only connects Jesus to His Jewish heritage but also foreshadows His role as the ultimate Passover Lamb, whose sacrifice would bring about a new exodus from sin and death.

After the feast was over
This phrase refers to the conclusion of the Feast of Passover, a significant Jewish festival commemorating the Israelites' exodus from Egypt. The Greek word for "feast" here is "ἑορτή" (heortē), which denotes a festival or holy day. Historically, Passover was one of the three pilgrimage feasts where Jews traveled to Jerusalem. This context highlights the devoutness of Jesus' family, adhering to Jewish law and tradition. The phrase sets the stage for the unfolding events, emphasizing the importance of religious observance in Jesus' upbringing.

while His parents were returning home
The phrase indicates the journey back to Nazareth, undertaken by Mary and Joseph. The Greek word for "returning" is "ὑποστρέφω" (hypostrephō), meaning to turn back or return. This journey was a common practice for Jewish families after the feast, reflecting the rhythm of life centered around religious observance. The mention of "His parents" underscores the familial context and the human aspect of Jesus' life, emphasizing His upbringing in a devout Jewish household.

the boy Jesus
This phrase highlights Jesus at the age of twelve, on the cusp of Jewish manhood, which traditionally begins at thirteen with the Bar Mitzvah. The Greek word for "boy" is "παῖς" (pais), indicating a young person or child. This stage in Jesus' life is significant as it marks a period of transition and growth. The use of "boy" emphasizes His humanity and the normalcy of His development, while also foreshadowing His divine wisdom and mission.

stayed behind in Jerusalem
The phrase suggests a deliberate action by Jesus, choosing to remain in the holy city. The Greek word "ὑπομένω" (hypomenō) implies staying or remaining behind. Jerusalem, being the spiritual center of Judaism, is significant as the place where Jesus begins to reveal His understanding of His divine mission. This action foreshadows His future ministry and the centrality of Jerusalem in His life and work.

but they were unaware of it
This phrase indicates that Mary and Joseph did not realize Jesus was not with them. The Greek word "οὐκ" (ouk) means "not," and "γινώσκω" (ginōskō) means "to know" or "to perceive." This lack of awareness highlights the human limitations of Jesus' earthly parents and sets the stage for the unfolding narrative. It also underscores the beginning of Jesus' independent identity and mission, separate from His earthly family.

Assuming He was in their company
The word "assuming" indicates a presumption made by Mary and Joseph, reflecting a common human tendency to take certain things for granted. In the Greek, the word used here is "νομίζω" (nomizō), which means to suppose or assume. This assumption highlights the trust and communal nature of travel during biblical times, where families and extended groups often journeyed together, especially during significant events like the Passover. It also underscores the humanity of Jesus' earthly parents, who, despite their unique roles, experienced the same challenges and oversights as any other family.

they traveled on for a day
The phrase "traveled on for a day" provides insight into the customs and practices of ancient Jewish pilgrimages. A day's journey was a common measure of distance, often around 20 to 25 miles, depending on the terrain and the group. This reflects the dedication and effort involved in religious observances, as families would travel significant distances to fulfill their spiritual obligations. The journey itself was an act of faith and community, as families and friends would travel together, sharing resources and responsibilities.

Then they began to look for Him
The phrase "began to look for Him" indicates a shift from assumption to action. The Greek word "ἀναζητέω" (anazēteō) means to search or seek diligently. This reflects the urgency and concern of Mary and Joseph upon realizing Jesus was not with them. It serves as a reminder of the importance of vigilance and attentiveness in our spiritual lives, encouraging believers to actively seek Christ rather than assume His presence.

among their relatives and friends
This phrase highlights the communal nature of Jewish society, where extended family and close friends formed a supportive network. In the context of a pilgrimage, it was common for large groups to travel together, providing safety and companionship. The mention of "relatives and friends" underscores the interconnectedness of the community and the expectation that Jesus, as a young boy, would naturally be among familiar and trusted individuals. This reflects the biblical principle of community and fellowship, emphasizing the role of the faith community in nurturing and supporting one another in their spiritual journeys.

When they did not find Him
This phrase marks a moment of realization and concern for Mary and Joseph. The Greek word for "find" is "εὑρίσκω" (heuriskō), which implies a diligent search. In the context of the Jewish Passover festival, Jerusalem would have been bustling with pilgrims, making it challenging to locate someone. This moment underscores the humanity of Jesus' earthly parents, who, despite their divine encounters, experienced the same anxieties and uncertainties as any parent would. It also foreshadows the later searches for Jesus by those seeking truth and salvation.

they returned to Jerusalem
The decision to return to Jerusalem highlights the importance of the city in Jewish life. Jerusalem was not only the political capital but also the spiritual heart of Judaism, housing the Temple, the center of worship and sacrifice. The Greek word "ὑποστρέφω" (hypostrephō) for "returned" suggests a turning back or a change in direction, both physically and spiritually. This return signifies a retracing of steps, a common theme in spiritual journeys where one must often revisit foundational truths or experiences to find clarity or resolution.

to search for Him
The act of searching, "ἀναζητέω" (anazēteō), implies an intense and thorough quest. This search is not just physical but also symbolic of the spiritual quest for understanding and connection with Jesus. In the broader biblical narrative, seeking God is a recurring theme, with promises that those who earnestly seek will find (Matthew 7:7). This search by Mary and Joseph can inspire believers to diligently seek Christ in their own lives, trusting that He will be found by those who earnestly look for Him.

After three days
This phrase indicates the duration of time that Mary and Joseph were searching for Jesus. The number three often holds significant meaning in the Bible, symbolizing completeness or divine perfection. In the context of Jesus' life, the three days can also foreshadow His resurrection, where He rose on the third day, signifying victory over death and the fulfillment of God's plan.

they found Him
The act of finding Jesus after a period of searching can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual discovery. In the Greek, the word "found" (εὗρον, heurisko) implies a successful search, suggesting that those who earnestly seek Jesus will indeed find Him. This aligns with the biblical promise that those who seek will find (Matthew 7:7).

in the temple courts
The temple was the center of Jewish religious life, a place of worship, teaching, and sacrifice. Jesus being found in the temple courts highlights His connection to His Father's house and His early understanding of His divine mission. The temple courts were also a place of learning, where rabbis taught and discussed the Scriptures, indicating Jesus' engagement with religious leaders.

sitting among the teachers
This phrase emphasizes Jesus' position among the learned men of His time. The Greek word for "sitting" (καθεζόμενον, kathezomenon) suggests a posture of both humility and authority. Jesus, even as a young boy, was not only learning but also contributing to the discussions, demonstrating His wisdom and understanding of the Scriptures.

listening to them
Jesus' act of listening shows His respect for the teachers and His desire to learn. It reflects the importance of being attentive to God's Word and the teachings of those who have studied it. Listening is a key aspect of discipleship and spiritual growth, as it opens the heart to understanding and wisdom.

and asking them questions
This phrase highlights Jesus' active engagement in the learning process. The Greek word for "asking" (ἐπερωτῶντα, eperotonta) implies a deep inquiry, suggesting that Jesus was not merely asking simple questions but probing into the deeper meanings of the Scriptures. This demonstrates His wisdom and His role as a teacher, even at a young age.

And all who heard Him were amazed at His understanding and His answers
And all who heard Him
This phrase sets the scene in the temple where Jesus, at the age of twelve, is engaging with the teachers. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἀκούω" (akouo), which implies not just hearing but listening with attention and understanding. This indicates that those present were not merely passive listeners but were actively engaged with what Jesus was saying. The setting is significant, as the temple was the center of Jewish religious life, and those who heard Him included learned men, suggesting that Jesus' words carried weight and authority even at a young age.

were amazed
The Greek word used here is "ἐξίστημι" (existemi), which means to be astonished or astounded. This reaction underscores the extraordinary nature of Jesus' wisdom and insight. In a historical context, it was unusual for a child to command such respect and evoke such a reaction from learned adults, highlighting the divine wisdom imparted to Jesus even in His youth. This amazement is a recurring theme in the Gospels, often accompanying Jesus' teachings and miracles, pointing to His divine nature.

at His understanding
The term "understanding" is translated from the Greek word "σύνεσις" (sunesis), which refers to a deep comprehension and the ability to put things together. This suggests that Jesus possessed an exceptional ability to grasp complex theological concepts and articulate them clearly. In the Jewish tradition, wisdom and understanding were highly valued, and Jesus' display of such at a young age would have been particularly striking. This understanding is not merely intellectual but is rooted in divine insight, foreshadowing His role as the ultimate teacher and revealer of God's truth.

and His answers
The word "answers" comes from the Greek "ἀπόκρισις" (apokrisis), meaning a response or reply. This indicates that Jesus was not only listening but actively engaging in dialogue, providing responses that demonstrated His profound knowledge. The context here is a rabbinical setting where questions and answers were a method of teaching and learning. Jesus' ability to provide insightful answers would have set Him apart as someone with exceptional wisdom. This interaction prefigures His later ministry, where He often used questions and answers to reveal deeper truths and challenge conventional understanding.

When His parents saw Him
This phrase marks a pivotal moment of recognition and relief for Mary and Joseph. The Greek word for "saw" (εἶδον, eidon) implies more than just physical sight; it suggests a deeper understanding or realization. In the context of the temple, this sighting is not just about finding Jesus physically but also recognizing His unique identity and mission. Historically, the temple was the center of Jewish religious life, and finding Jesus there underscores His connection to His divine purpose.

they were astonished
The Greek word for "astonished" (ἐκπλήσσω, ekplēssō) conveys a sense of being overwhelmed or struck with amazement. This reaction is not merely about surprise but a profound realization of Jesus' wisdom and understanding, even at a young age. In a historical context, it reflects the common Jewish expectation of the Messiah, who would possess extraordinary wisdom and insight.

'Child, why have You done this to us?'
Mary's question reflects a natural parental concern and bewilderment. The term "Child" (τέκνον, teknon) is a term of endearment, showing her deep affection and care. This moment highlights the human aspect of Jesus' life, where He is both fully divine and fully human, experiencing family dynamics and relationships.

Look, Your father and I
The use of "Your father and I" emphasizes the familial bond and the earthly parental responsibility that Joseph and Mary felt. Joseph, though not Jesus' biological father, is acknowledged in his role as a guardian and protector. This phrase also subtly points to the dual nature of Jesus' identity, having both an earthly and heavenly Father.

have been anxiously searching for You
The Greek word for "anxiously" (ὀδυνάω, odynaō) indicates deep emotional pain or distress. This reflects the intense concern and love Mary and Joseph had for Jesus. Their search is not just a physical quest but an emotional journey, highlighting the depth of their relationship with Him. In a broader scriptural context, this search can symbolize humanity's search for understanding and connection with the divine.

Why were you looking for Me?
This phrase begins with a question that Jesus poses to His parents, Mary and Joseph. The Greek word for "why" (τί) is an interrogative pronoun that indicates a search for reason or purpose. Jesus, even at a young age, is aware of His unique identity and mission. The phrase "looking for Me" (ζητεῖτε με) uses the verb "ζητέω," which means to seek or search diligently. This reflects the earnestness of Mary and Joseph's search, but also highlights the deeper spiritual quest that humanity has for understanding Jesus' true nature and purpose. Historically, this moment occurs during the Passover festival, a time when Jerusalem was filled with pilgrims, making the search for Jesus even more challenging and significant.

Did you not know
Here, Jesus gently rebukes His parents with a rhetorical question. The Greek phrase "οὐκ ᾔδειτε" implies a level of expectation that they should have understood His actions. The word "know" (ᾔδειτε) is derived from "οἶδα," which means to perceive or understand. This suggests that Jesus expected His parents to have a deeper insight into His divine mission. This moment is pivotal in the Gospel narrative, as it reveals Jesus' self-awareness of His divine sonship and mission, even at the age of twelve.

that I must be
The phrase "I must be" (δεῖ με εἶναι) uses the Greek word "δεῖ," which conveys necessity or obligation. This indicates that Jesus is not acting on a whim but is compelled by a divine purpose. The use of "must" underscores the inevitability and divine mandate of His mission. This reflects the theological understanding that Jesus' life and actions are in perfect alignment with God's will, a theme that resonates throughout the Gospel of Luke.

in My Father’s house?
The phrase "in My Father’s house" (ἐν τοῖς τοῦ Πατρός μου) is profound, as it reveals Jesus' unique relationship with God. The term "Father" (Πατρός) is significant, as it denotes a personal and intimate relationship with God, which was a radical concept at the time. The "house" (οἶκος) refers to the Temple, the center of Jewish worship and the symbolic dwelling place of God. By referring to the Temple as His Father's house, Jesus is asserting His divine sonship and His rightful place in the spiritual order. This declaration foreshadows His later teachings and the central role He will play in the unfolding of God's redemptive plan. Historically, this moment is set against the backdrop of the Second Temple, a place of great religious significance, further emphasizing the weight of Jesus' words.

But they did not understand
This phrase highlights the human limitation in comprehending divine mysteries. The Greek word for "understand" is "syniēmi," which means to bring together or to comprehend. In the context of Luke 2:50, it underscores the disciples' struggle to grasp the full meaning of Jesus' mission and identity. Historically, this reflects the common theme in the Gospels where Jesus' followers often fail to fully understand His teachings and purpose until after His resurrection. This serves as a reminder of the need for spiritual discernment and the guidance of the Holy Spirit to truly understand God's plans.

what He was saying to them
The phrase "what He was saying" refers to Jesus' profound declaration about His divine mission and relationship with the Father. The Greek word "legō" is used here, which means to speak or to say. This indicates not just the act of speaking, but the conveyance of important truths. In the scriptural context, Jesus had just revealed His divine sonship and His need to be in His Father's house, a concept that was revolutionary and difficult for His earthly parents to grasp. This highlights the depth and complexity of Jesus' teachings, which often transcended human understanding and required faith and revelation to be fully appreciated.

Then He went down with them
This phrase marks a transition in the narrative, indicating Jesus' movement from the temple in Jerusalem back to Nazareth with His earthly parents, Mary and Joseph. The Greek word for "went down" is "κατέβη" (katebē), which often implies a descent from a higher place to a lower one, both geographically and symbolically. Jerusalem, situated on a hill, represents a place of spiritual significance, while Nazareth is a humble town. This movement signifies Jesus' humility and obedience, choosing to return to a life of obscurity after being in the temple, a place of learning and divine presence.

and came to Nazareth
Nazareth, a small town in Galilee, is where Jesus would grow up and spend most of His early life. The name "Nazareth" is derived from the Hebrew "netzer," meaning "branch" or "shoot," which is significant in prophetic literature (Isaiah 11:1). This connection underscores Jesus as the prophesied branch from the line of David, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies. Historically, Nazareth was a town of little repute, emphasizing the humility and simplicity of Jesus' upbringing.

and was subject to them
The Greek word "ὑποτασσόμενος" (hypotassomenos) is used here, meaning "to be subject" or "to submit." This is a profound statement about Jesus' character, as it highlights His willing submission to His earthly parents. Despite His divine nature, Jesus exemplifies perfect obedience and respect for parental authority, setting a model for all believers. This submission is not out of compulsion but a voluntary act of humility and love, aligning with the biblical principle of honoring one's father and mother (Exodus 20:12).

But His mother treasured up all these things
The phrase "treasured up" comes from the Greek "διετήρει" (dietērei), meaning to keep or preserve carefully. Mary, having witnessed the extraordinary events surrounding Jesus' birth and early life, reflects deeply on these experiences. This introspection indicates her awareness of the significance of Jesus' identity and mission. The act of treasuring these memories suggests a meditative and contemplative faith, encouraging believers to ponder and cherish God's work in their lives.

in her heart
The heart, in biblical terms, is the center of one's being, encompassing mind, will, and emotions. The Greek word "καρδίᾳ" (kardia) is used here, symbolizing the depth of Mary's reflection and understanding. This internalization of divine mysteries points to a personal and intimate relationship with God. It serves as an invitation for believers to internalize and meditate on God's word and works, allowing them to transform their hearts and lives.

And Jesus
The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew name "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This name is significant as it encapsulates the mission and purpose of Jesus Christ on earth. In the context of this verse, it emphasizes the humanity of Jesus, who, though divine, experienced human growth and development. The use of "And" connects this verse to the preceding narrative, highlighting the continuity of Jesus' life from childhood to adulthood.

grew
The Greek word used here is "προέκοπτεν" (proekopten), which means to advance or make progress. This term suggests a continuous and intentional process of development. It implies that Jesus' growth was not static but dynamic, reflecting both His human nature and His divine mission. This growth was holistic, encompassing all aspects of His being.

in wisdom
The Greek word for wisdom is "σοφία" (sophia), which denotes not only knowledge but also the application of knowledge in a practical and godly manner. Wisdom in the biblical sense is deeply connected to the fear of the Lord and the understanding of His will. Jesus' growth in wisdom indicates His increasing understanding and application of God's truth, setting an example for believers to seek divine wisdom in their own lives.

and stature
The term "stature" comes from the Greek word "ἡλικία" (hēlikia), which can refer to both physical growth and maturity. In this context, it likely refers to Jesus' physical development as He grew from a child into a man. This highlights the reality of Jesus' incarnation, affirming that He fully participated in the human experience, including physical growth.

and in favor
The Greek word "χάρις" (charis) is translated as "favor" and can also mean grace or kindness. This indicates that Jesus was not only growing physically and intellectually but was also increasing in the grace and approval of both God and people. It suggests a harmonious relationship with His Father and those around Him, characterized by divine and human approval.

with God
This phrase underscores the divine relationship between Jesus and His Heavenly Father. It reflects the perfect communion and alignment of Jesus' will with God's will. Jesus' growth in favor with God signifies His obedience and faithfulness, serving as a model for believers to cultivate their relationship with God through prayer, obedience, and worship.

and man
The inclusion of "man" highlights Jesus' social and relational development. It indicates that Jesus was well-regarded by those around Him, earning respect and admiration through His character and actions. This aspect of His growth emphasizes the importance of living in community and maintaining good relationships with others, reflecting the love and grace of God in human interactions.