As He was passing by
This phrase sets the scene for a significant encounter between Jesus and a man in need. The Greek word for "passing by" is "παράγω" (paragō), which implies movement and transition. In the context of Jesus' ministry, this movement is not random but divinely orchestrated. Jesus' journeys were purposeful, often leading Him to individuals who would become testimonies of His power and compassion. This moment reminds us that in our own lives, what may seem like ordinary transitions can be opportunities for divine encounters.

He saw
The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδεν" (eiden), which means more than just a casual glance. It implies a deep, discerning look. Jesus' ability to see goes beyond physical sight; He perceives the heart and the needs of individuals. This is a powerful reminder of His omniscience and compassion. In a world where many are overlooked, Jesus sees each person and their unique circumstances. His sight is intentional and filled with purpose, ready to bring transformation.

a man blind from birth
The phrase "blind from birth" highlights the severity and permanence of the man's condition. The Greek word for "blind" is "τυφλός" (typhlos), indicating a lack of physical sight. Historically, blindness was often seen as a curse or punishment, and those afflicted were marginalized. This man's lifelong blindness symbolizes humanity's spiritual blindness and need for the light of Christ. Jesus' encounter with him foreshadows the spiritual awakening He offers to all who are in darkness. The mention of his condition from birth emphasizes the miraculous nature of the healing that is about to occur, showcasing Jesus' power over lifelong afflictions and His ability to bring new beginnings.

And His disciples asked Him
The disciples, followers of Jesus, often sought understanding from their Rabbi, a term of respect for a teacher. In the Jewish tradition, a Rabbi was not just a teacher but a spiritual guide. The disciples' inquiry reflects a common practice of the time, where students would pose questions to their teacher to gain deeper insight into spiritual and moral issues. This interaction highlights the disciples' trust in Jesus' wisdom and their desire to comprehend the complexities of life through His teachings.

Rabbi
The term "Rabbi" is derived from the Hebrew word "רַבִּי" (rabbi), meaning "my master" or "my teacher." It signifies a position of authority and respect. In the context of first-century Judaism, a Rabbi was a learned individual who interpreted the Torah and guided others in spiritual matters. By addressing Jesus as "Rabbi," the disciples acknowledge His authority and wisdom, setting the stage for a teaching moment that transcends traditional Jewish thought.

who sinned
The question "who sinned" reflects a prevalent belief in ancient Jewish culture that suffering, such as illness or disability, was a direct result of sin. This belief is rooted in the Deuteronomic theology, which often linked obedience to God with blessings and disobedience with curses (Deuteronomy 28). The disciples' question reveals their struggle with understanding the relationship between sin and suffering, a theme that Jesus frequently addressed to reveal deeper spiritual truths.

this man or his parents
The mention of "this man or his parents" indicates the disciples' consideration of generational sin, a concept found in the Old Testament where the consequences of sin could affect subsequent generations (Exodus 20:5). This reflects a theological dilemma of the time: whether personal suffering was due to one's own sin or the sins of one's ancestors. Jesus' response to this question would challenge and expand their understanding of sin and divine justice.

that he was born blind
The condition of being "born blind" presents a specific case that challenges the disciples' understanding of sin and punishment. In the ancient world, blindness was often seen as a curse or divine punishment. However, Jesus uses this situation to reveal a greater purpose beyond human assumptions. The focus on the man's congenital blindness sets the stage for Jesus to demonstrate that God's works can be displayed in ways that defy human expectations and bring glory to God.

Neither this man nor his parents sinned
In this phrase, Jesus addresses a common belief of the time that physical ailments or disabilities were direct results of personal sin. The Greek word for "sinned" is "ἥμαρτεν" (hēmarten), which means to miss the mark or to err. Jesus refutes the assumption that the man's blindness was a punishment for sin, emphasizing that not all suffering is a direct consequence of personal wrongdoing. This challenges the prevailing Jewish thought and invites believers to reconsider the nature of suffering and divine justice.

Jesus answered
The authority of Jesus is underscored here. The Greek word "ἀπεκρίθη" (apekrithē) is used, which means "answered" or "responded." This indicates that Jesus is providing a definitive explanation, not just an opinion. His response is authoritative and carries the weight of divine insight, reminding us that Jesus is the ultimate source of truth and understanding.

but this happened so that the works of God might be displayed in him
The phrase "the works of God" is significant. The Greek word for "works" is "ἔργα" (erga), which refers to deeds or actions. Jesus is pointing to a higher purpose behind the man's blindness, suggesting that it is an opportunity for God's power and glory to be revealed. This perspective encourages believers to view trials and challenges as potential platforms for divine intervention and testimony. The idea that suffering can serve a greater purpose is a recurring theme in Scripture, offering hope and meaning in the midst of adversity.

While it is daytime
The phrase "while it is daytime" emphasizes the urgency and limited opportunity for action. In the Greek, "daytime" (ἡμέρα, hēmera) symbolizes a period of light and opportunity, often associated with the presence of Jesus, the Light of the World. Historically, daytime was when work was done, reflecting the cultural context of first-century Judea. Spiritually, this suggests the period of Jesus' earthly ministry, a time when His teachings and miracles were openly displayed. For believers, it serves as a metaphor for the present life, a time to actively engage in God's work before the finality of life or the return of Christ.

we must do
The use of "we" indicates a collective responsibility, not just for Jesus but for His disciples and, by extension, all believers. The Greek word for "must" (δεῖ, dei) conveys a sense of divine necessity or obligation. This reflects the mission-oriented nature of Jesus' ministry and the call for His followers to participate in God's redemptive work. It underscores the urgency and importance of fulfilling God's purposes while the opportunity exists.

the works of Him who sent Me
This phrase highlights the divine origin and authority of Jesus' mission. "Works" (ἔργα, erga) refers to the deeds and miracles that testify to God's power and presence. The phrase "Him who sent Me" points to God the Father, emphasizing the Trinitarian relationship and the divine commissioning of Jesus. In a broader scriptural context, this reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies and the continuation of God's salvific plan through Christ. Believers are called to emulate these works, participating in the mission of spreading the Gospel and serving others.

Night is coming
"Night" (νύξ, nux) symbolizes a time of darkness and the cessation of work. In the historical context, night was a time when work ceased due to the absence of light. Spiritually, it represents the impending crucifixion of Jesus, a period when His earthly ministry would be temporarily halted. For believers, it serves as a reminder of the limited time available to fulfill God's purposes before the end of life or the return of Christ. It calls for vigilance and diligence in the present.

when no one can work
This phrase underscores the finality and inevitability of the coming "night." The inability to work signifies the end of earthly opportunities to serve and fulfill God's mission. In the Greek, the phrase conveys a sense of urgency and the importance of seizing the present moment. Historically, it reflects the reality of life in ancient times, where work was bound by the natural cycle of day and night. Spiritually, it serves as a sobering reminder of the transient nature of life and the importance of living with purpose and intentionality in service to God.

While I am in the world
This phrase emphasizes the temporal nature of Jesus' earthly ministry. The Greek word for "while" (ὅταν, hotan) suggests a specific period during which Jesus is physically present on earth. Historically, this period is marked by Jesus' active teaching, healing, and performing miracles. The phrase underscores the urgency and importance of His mission during His time on earth. It also implies a transition, pointing to a future when His physical presence will no longer be in the world, yet His influence and teachings will continue through His followers and the Holy Spirit.

I am
The phrase "I am" (ἐγώ εἰμι, ego eimi) is significant in the Gospel of John, echoing the divine name revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14, "I AM WHO I AM." This self-identification by Jesus is a profound declaration of His divinity and eternal existence. It connects Jesus to the God of Israel, affirming His role as the Messiah and the Son of God. In the context of John 9:5, it highlights Jesus' authority and identity as the source of spiritual enlightenment and salvation.

the light of the world
The metaphor of "light" (φῶς, phos) is rich in biblical symbolism, representing truth, purity, and divine revelation. In the ancient world, light was essential for life and safety, dispelling darkness and guiding the way. Jesus as "the light of the world" signifies His role in illuminating spiritual truth and offering guidance to humanity. This phrase is a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as Isaiah 9:2, which speaks of a great light shining on those living in darkness. It also contrasts with the spiritual blindness of the world, emphasizing the transformative power of Christ's presence and teachings. Through Jesus, believers are called to reflect His light, becoming beacons of hope and truth in a darkened world.

When Jesus had said this
This phrase sets the context for the miracle that is about to occur. Jesus had just declared Himself the light of the world (John 9:5), emphasizing His divine authority and mission. The Greek word for "said" is "eipon," which implies a declaration or proclamation. This highlights the authoritative nature of Jesus' words, which often precede His miraculous works, underscoring the power and intentionality behind His actions.

He spat on the ground
The act of spitting may seem unusual, but in the cultural and historical context of the time, saliva was sometimes considered to have healing properties. The Greek word "ptuo" is used here, which simply means to spit. This action by Jesus is significant because it demonstrates His willingness to use the ordinary and humble elements of the earth to perform divine acts. It also reflects His incarnation—God using the physical world to bring about spiritual and physical healing.

made some mud
The Greek word for "mud" is "pelos," which refers to clay or earth. This act of making mud can be seen as a symbolic gesture, reminiscent of God forming man from the dust of the ground in Genesis 2:7. It signifies creation and re-creation, as Jesus is about to restore the man's sight. This creative act points to Jesus' divine nature as the Creator, who has authority over all creation.

and applied it to the man’s eyes
The application of the mud to the man's eyes is a direct and personal act of healing. The Greek word "epichrio" means to anoint or smear, indicating a deliberate and purposeful action. This personal touch from Jesus not only signifies His compassion and willingness to engage with human suffering but also serves as a physical manifestation of His power to heal and transform. In a broader scriptural context, this act can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual enlightenment, as Jesus opens the eyes of the blind, both physically and spiritually.

Go
The command "Go" is a directive from Jesus, emphasizing immediate action and obedience. In the Greek, the word used is "ὕπαγε" (hypage), which conveys a sense of urgency and purpose. This command reflects the authority of Jesus and the necessity for the blind man to trust and act upon Jesus' words. It is a call to faith, as the man must leave his current state and move towards healing, symbolizing the Christian journey of stepping out in faith at Christ's command.

He told him
This phrase underscores the personal nature of Jesus' interaction with the blind man. Jesus speaks directly to him, indicating a personal relationship and concern. The Greek verb "εἶπεν" (eipen) is used here, which is a simple past tense, showing that this was a definitive moment in the man's life. It highlights the importance of listening to Jesus' words and the transformative power they hold.

wash in the Pool of Siloam
The instruction to "wash in the Pool of Siloam" is rich with historical and theological significance. The Pool of Siloam, located in Jerusalem, was a significant site for Jewish purification rituals. The name "Siloam" means "Sent," which is a direct reference to Jesus as the One sent by God. The act of washing symbolizes spiritual cleansing and renewal, pointing to the sacrament of baptism in Christian theology. This directive also requires the man to act in faith, as the pool itself holds no healing power apart from Jesus' command.

(which means Sent)
The parenthetical explanation "(which means Sent)" provides insight into the symbolic meaning of the Pool of Siloam. The Greek word "ἀπεσταλμένος" (apestalmenos) is used here, which is the perfect passive participle of "ἀποστέλλω" (apostellō), meaning "to send." This highlights Jesus as the sent one from God, fulfilling His mission on earth. It also serves as a reminder of the believer's mission to be sent into the world to share the Gospel.

So the man went and washed
This phrase captures the man's obedience and faith. Despite being blind, he follows Jesus' instructions without hesitation. The Greek verbs "ἀπῆλθεν" (apēlthen) and "ἐνίψατο" (enipsato) indicate completed actions, showing that the man fully complied with Jesus' command. His actions demonstrate the principle that faith requires obedience, and through obedience, one experiences the blessings of God.

and came back seeing
The result of the man's obedience is miraculous healing, as he "came back seeing." The Greek verb "ἦλθεν" (ēlthen) is used here, indicating a return to his previous location, but now with restored sight. This transformation is both physical and spiritual, symbolizing the enlightenment that comes from encountering Christ. It serves as a powerful testimony to the transformative power of Jesus and the fulfillment of His promise to bring light to those in darkness. This miracle not only changes the man's life but also serves as a sign to others of Jesus' divine authority and mission.

Then the neighbors
The word "neighbors" in this context refers to those living in close proximity to the man who was healed. In the Greek, the term used is "γείτονες" (geitones), which implies not just physical proximity but also a sense of community and familiarity. In ancient Jewish culture, neighbors were integral to one's social identity and support system. This highlights the communal nature of life in biblical times, where one's actions and transformations were closely observed and discussed by those around them.

and those who had formerly seen him begging
The phrase "formerly seen him begging" indicates a past continuous action, suggesting that the man was well-known in his community for his condition. The Greek word "προαιτέω" (proaiteo) implies a habitual action, emphasizing the man's previous state of dependency and helplessness. This sets the stage for the miraculous nature of his healing, as it was a well-established fact among the people that he was blind and a beggar. The transformation is not just physical but also social, as he moves from a position of marginalization to one of attention and curiosity.

began to ask
The act of asking here is significant. The Greek word "λέγω" (lego) is used, which means to speak or say. This implies a verbal expression of curiosity and perhaps skepticism. In the cultural context, asking questions was a way to seek understanding and verify truth. The neighbors' questioning reflects a natural human response to witnessing something extraordinary and challenges their preconceived notions about the man's identity and capabilities.

Isn’t this the man
This phrase indicates a moment of recognition and doubt. The Greek construction "Οὐχ οὗτός ἐστιν" (Ouch houtos estin) suggests a rhetorical question, expecting a positive answer. It reflects the neighbors' struggle to reconcile the man's past identity with his present state. This moment of recognition is crucial as it underscores the transformative power of Jesus' miracles, which often left witnesses grappling with the implications of such divine intervention.

who used to sit and beg?
The description "used to sit and beg" paints a vivid picture of the man's former life. The Greek verb "καθήμαι" (kathēmai) means to sit, implying a stationary, passive existence. Begging was a common plight for the disabled in ancient times, as there were limited means of support for those unable to work. This phrase encapsulates the man's previous life of dependency and social invisibility. The transformation brought about by Jesus' healing is not just physical but also restores the man's dignity and agency, challenging societal norms and expectations.

Some claimed that he was
This phrase introduces the division among the witnesses of the miracle. The Greek word for "claimed" is "ἔλεγον" (elegon), which implies a continuous or repeated assertion. This reflects the ongoing debate and uncertainty among the people. Historically, this setting is in Jerusalem, where Jesus performed many miracles, and the people were often divided in their opinions about Him. The miracle of healing the blind man was so astonishing that it led to a natural skepticism among the observers.

but others said
The phrase "but others said" indicates a contrasting opinion. The Greek word "ἄλλοι" (alloi) means "others," showing that there was a significant portion of the crowd that doubted the identity of the healed man. This skepticism is a common human reaction to miraculous events, especially in a culture where physical ailments were often seen as a result of sin or divine judgment. The division among the people highlights the broader theme in John's Gospel of belief and unbelief.

'No, he just looks like him.'
This statement reflects the doubt and confusion among the people. The Greek word "ὅμοιος" (homoios) means "like" or "similar," suggesting that the transformation in the man was so profound that it was hard for some to believe it was the same person. This skepticism can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual blindness, a theme that runs throughout the chapter. The physical healing of the blind man serves as a sign pointing to the greater spiritual truth that Jesus is the light of the world, capable of opening the eyes of the spiritually blind.

But he kept saying
The phrase "he kept saying" uses the Greek "ἔλεγεν" (elegen), indicating a persistent declaration by the healed man. This persistence is significant, as it shows the man's conviction and certainty about his identity and the miracle he experienced. His repeated affirmation serves as a testimony to the power of Jesus' healing and the truth of his own transformation. In a broader scriptural context, this persistence can be seen as a model for believers to continually testify to the work of Christ in their lives, despite skepticism or opposition.

'I am the one.'
The healed man's declaration, "I am the one," is a powerful affirmation of his identity and the miracle he experienced. The Greek phrase "ἐγώ εἰμι" (ego eimi) is significant in the Gospel of John, echoing the divine name revealed to Moses in the Old Testament (Exodus 3:14). While the man is simply affirming his identity, the phrase also subtly points to the presence and power of Jesus, who uses "I am" statements throughout John's Gospel to reveal His divine nature. This declaration by the healed man serves as a reminder of the transformative power of Christ, who not only heals physical blindness but also brings spiritual enlightenment and identity to those who believe in Him.

How then
This phrase indicates a sense of curiosity and skepticism from the questioners. In the Greek, "πῶς οὖν" (pōs oun) suggests a demand for explanation or evidence. The use of "then" implies a logical sequence, as if the questioners are trying to piece together a puzzle. This reflects the human tendency to seek understanding of miraculous events, often with a hint of doubt. In a broader biblical context, it echoes the frequent questioning of Jesus' miracles by those who struggled to accept His divine authority.

were your eyes opened?
The phrase "were your eyes opened" is central to the miracle narrative. The Greek word for "opened" is "ἀνεῴχθησαν" (aneōichthēsan), which implies not just a physical opening but also an unveiling or revelation. This is significant because it points to a deeper spiritual awakening. In the context of John 9, the physical healing of the blind man symbolizes the spiritual enlightenment that Jesus brings. The opening of the eyes is a metaphor for coming to faith and understanding the truth of Christ. Historically, blindness was often seen as a sign of sin or divine punishment, so the healing also challenges societal and religious assumptions of the time. This miracle serves as a testament to Jesus' power and the transformative impact of faith, encouraging believers to seek spiritual sight and understanding through Christ.

He answered
This phrase indicates the response of the man who was born blind, now healed. The Greek word for "answered" is "ἀπεκρίθη" (apekrithē), which implies a response to a question or inquiry. In the context of the narrative, this response is a testimony to the miraculous work of Jesus, emphasizing the personal witness of the man who experienced the healing power of Christ firsthand.

The man they call Jesus
Here, the identity of Jesus is introduced through the perspective of the healed man. The use of "the man" underscores Jesus' humanity, while "they call" suggests a recognition of Jesus' reputation among the people. The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation," which is central to understanding His mission and identity as the Savior.

made mud
The act of making mud is significant, as it reflects Jesus' use of physical elements to perform a spiritual miracle. The Greek word "πηλὸν" (pēlon) for "mud" is used here, and it connects to the creation narrative where God formed man from the dust of the ground (Genesis 2:7). This act symbolizes Jesus' authority over creation and His ability to bring about new life and restoration.

spread it on my eyes
This phrase describes the method Jesus used to heal the blind man. The Greek verb "ἐπέχρισεν" (epechrisen) means "anointed" or "smeared," indicating a deliberate and purposeful action. This act of anointing the eyes can be seen as a symbolic gesture of imparting spiritual sight and understanding, pointing to Jesus as the light of the world.

and told me
The communication between Jesus and the blind man highlights the importance of obedience to Christ's instructions. The Greek word "εἶπεν" (eipen) for "told" signifies a command or directive, emphasizing the authority of Jesus' words and the necessity of faith in His instructions for the miracle to be realized.

‘Go to Siloam and wash.’
The command to "Go to Siloam and wash" is both practical and symbolic. "Siloam" means "Sent" in Hebrew, and the pool of Siloam was a significant site in Jerusalem, used for ritual purification. This directive not only required physical action but also symbolized spiritual cleansing and obedience, reflecting the transformative journey of faith.

So I went and washed
The man's obedience to Jesus' command is crucial to the narrative. The Greek verbs "ἀπῆλθον" (apēlthon) for "went" and "ἐνιψάμην" (enipsamēn) for "washed" indicate a completed action, demonstrating the man's faith and trust in Jesus' words. This act of washing signifies a step of faith that leads to spiritual and physical renewal.

and then I could see
The result of the man's obedience is the restoration of his sight. The Greek phrase "ἀνέβλεψα" (aneblepsa) means "I received sight" or "I looked up," signifying not only physical healing but also spiritual enlightenment. This miraculous transformation serves as a testament to Jesus' divine power and His role as the light that dispels darkness, both physically and spiritually.

‘Where is He?’
This phrase reflects the curiosity and intrigue of the people who witnessed the miraculous healing of the man born blind. The Greek word for "where" is "pou," which indicates a search for location or presence. In the context of the Gospel of John, this question is not merely about physical location but also about seeking understanding of Jesus' identity and mission. Historically, this reflects the common reaction to Jesus' miracles, as people were often left wondering about the source of His power and authority. Theologically, it underscores the human quest for God and the desire to know where and how He is at work in the world.

they asked
The act of asking signifies a communal inquiry, suggesting that the miracle had a profound impact on the community. The Greek verb "erōtaō" implies a request for information, often with a sense of urgency or importance. This reflects the broader narrative of John's Gospel, where questions about Jesus' identity and origin are central themes. Theologically, it highlights the role of community in the journey of faith, as people come together to seek understanding and truth.

‘I do not know,’
The man's response, "I do not know," is both literal and symbolic. The Greek phrase "ouk oida" indicates a lack of knowledge or awareness. This reflects the man's limited understanding of who Jesus is, despite experiencing His miraculous power. Historically, this response is typical of many who encountered Jesus; they experienced His works but did not fully comprehend His divine nature. Theologically, it speaks to the mystery of faith and the journey of coming to know Christ more fully. It also emphasizes humility and the acknowledgment of human limitations in understanding the divine.

he answered
The phrase "he answered" uses the Greek verb "apokrinomai," which means to respond or reply. This indicates the man's willingness to engage with those questioning him, despite his lack of complete understanding. In the broader scriptural context, this reflects the theme of testimony and witness found throughout the Gospel of John. The man, though not fully aware of Jesus' identity, becomes a witness to His power and a participant in the unfolding revelation of Christ. Theologically, it encourages believers to share their experiences of God, even when they do not have all the answers, trusting that their testimony can lead others to seek and find Christ.

They brought
The phrase "They brought" indicates an action taken by the community or those who witnessed the miracle. In the Greek, the word used is "ἄγουσιν" (agousin), which implies leading or bringing someone with a purpose. This action reflects the societal norms of the time, where religious leaders were often consulted for matters of spiritual or miraculous significance. It underscores the communal nature of Jewish society, where individual experiences were often brought before the community for validation or judgment.

to the Pharisees
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in Judaism during the time of Jesus. Known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions, they held significant influence over religious and social matters. The Greek term "Φαρισαίους" (Pharisaious) is used here, highlighting their role as interpreters and enforcers of the Law. This context sets the stage for the tension between Jesus' miraculous works and the established religious order, as the Pharisees often challenged Jesus' authority and methods.

the man who had been blind
This phrase identifies the subject of the miracle, emphasizing his previous condition of blindness. The Greek word "τυφλός" (typhlos) is used for "blind," which not only describes a physical condition but also carries spiritual connotations in biblical literature. The healing of the blind man is a powerful testament to Jesus' divine authority and compassion. It serves as a metaphor for spiritual enlightenment, where Jesus brings light to those in darkness, both physically and spiritually. This miracle challenges the Pharisees' understanding of sin and suffering, as they often associated physical ailments with personal or ancestral sin.

Now the day
This phrase sets the temporal context for the events described. In the Gospel of John, time is often used to highlight the unfolding of God's plan through Jesus Christ. The use of "now" indicates a specific moment in the narrative, drawing attention to the significance of the events that are about to be described. It serves as a reminder that God's timing is perfect and that each moment in Jesus' ministry was divinely orchestrated.

on which Jesus had made the mud
The act of making mud is significant in this passage. In the original Greek, the word for "made" (ἐποίησεν, epoiēsen) implies a deliberate action. Jesus' use of mud to heal the blind man is reminiscent of God's creative work in Genesis, where He formed man from the dust of the ground. This act of creation and healing underscores Jesus' divine authority and His role as the Creator. It also highlights the tangible, physical nature of Jesus' miracles, which often involved the use of ordinary materials to accomplish extraordinary results.

and opened his eyes
The phrase "opened his eyes" is both literal and symbolic. Literally, it refers to the miraculous healing of the blind man, a testament to Jesus' power over physical ailments. Symbolically, it represents spiritual enlightenment and the opening of one's heart to the truth of the Gospel. In the broader context of John's Gospel, sight and blindness are often used metaphorically to discuss spiritual understanding and ignorance. Jesus' ability to give sight to the blind serves as a powerful metaphor for His mission to bring spiritual light to a darkened world.

was a Sabbath
The mention of the Sabbath is crucial in understanding the conflict that arises from this miracle. The Sabbath, a day of rest and worship, was central to Jewish religious life and was governed by strict rules. By performing a healing on the Sabbath, Jesus challenges the prevailing interpretations of the law, emphasizing the spirit rather than the letter of the law. This act highlights Jesus' authority over religious traditions and His mission to fulfill the law through love and compassion. The Sabbath healing serves as a reminder that God's work of redemption and restoration knows no bounds and is not confined by human regulations.

So the Pharisees also asked him
The Pharisees, a prominent religious group in first-century Judaism, were known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions. Their questioning reflects a legalistic approach, often seeking to challenge or discredit Jesus' miracles. The Greek word for "asked" (ἐπηρώτησαν) implies a formal inquiry, indicating the seriousness with which they approached this situation. Historically, the Pharisees were influential in the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council, and their questioning often carried significant weight in religious and social matters.

how he had received his sight
The focus on "how" reveals the Pharisees' preoccupation with the method rather than the miracle itself. This reflects a broader theme in the Gospels where religious leaders often miss the spiritual significance of Jesus' works. The Greek word for "received" (ἀνέβλεψεν) can also mean "to look up" or "to regain sight," emphasizing the restoration and transformation that Jesus brings. In a spiritual sense, this can be seen as a metaphor for enlightenment and understanding, which the Pharisees themselves lacked.

He answered
The man's response is straightforward and factual, contrasting with the Pharisees' skepticism. His testimony is a simple declaration of what Jesus did for him. The Greek word for "answered" (εἶπεν) is a common term for speaking or declaring, underscoring the man's role as a witness to Jesus' power. This reflects the biblical theme of personal testimony as a powerful tool for sharing the truth of Christ's work.

He put mud on my eyes
The use of mud, made from Jesus' saliva and dirt, is unique to this miracle. In the ancient world, saliva was sometimes considered to have healing properties, but Jesus' use of it here transcends natural explanations, pointing to His divine authority. The act of applying mud can also symbolize the creation narrative, where God formed man from the dust of the ground (Genesis 2:7), suggesting a new creation or restoration through Christ.

and I washed
The act of washing in the Pool of Siloam, as instructed by Jesus, signifies obedience and faith. The Greek word for "washed" (ἐνιψάμην) implies a thorough cleansing, which can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual purification. The Pool of Siloam was a significant site in Jerusalem, associated with the Feast of Tabernacles and the water-drawing ceremony, which adds a layer of symbolic meaning to the man's healing.

and now I can see
The phrase "now I can see" is a powerful declaration of transformation. The Greek word for "see" (βλέπω) not only refers to physical sight but also to perception and understanding. This healing is not just a physical restoration but also a spiritual awakening, highlighting the theme of light and sight that runs throughout John's Gospel. The man's newfound vision contrasts with the spiritual blindness of the Pharisees, emphasizing the revelation and truth that Jesus brings to those who believe in Him.

So some of the Pharisees said
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in Judaism during the time of Jesus. Known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and oral traditions, they often found themselves in conflict with Jesus' teachings. The Greek word for "Pharisees" (Φαρισαῖοι, Pharisaios) indicates a group set apart, emphasizing their role as religious leaders who were deeply concerned with maintaining religious purity and legalistic observance.

This man is not from God
The phrase reflects the Pharisees' skepticism and their criteria for determining divine authority. In their view, adherence to the Law, especially the Sabbath, was a sign of being "from God." The Greek word for "from" (παρά, para) suggests origin or source, indicating that the Pharisees questioned Jesus' divine mission and authority.

for He does not keep the Sabbath
The Sabbath was a cornerstone of Jewish religious life, a day of rest and worship as commanded in the Ten Commandments. The Greek word for "keep" (τηρέω, tēreō) means to guard or observe. The Pharisees accused Jesus of breaking the Sabbath by healing, which they considered work. This highlights the tension between Jesus' interpretation of the Law, which emphasized mercy and compassion, and the Pharisees' legalistic approach.

But others said
This phrase introduces a contrasting perspective among the Pharisees, indicating that not all were in agreement. The Greek word for "others" (ἄλλοι, alloi) suggests a division within the group, pointing to the varied responses to Jesus' actions and teachings.

How can a sinful man perform such signs?
The question posed by some Pharisees reflects a theological dilemma. The Greek word for "sinful" (ἁμαρτωλός, hamartōlos) denotes someone who is morally wrong or a transgressor. The "signs" (σημεῖα, sēmeia) refer to miraculous acts that signify divine intervention. This rhetorical question challenges the assumption that a sinner could perform miracles, suggesting that Jesus' works were evidence of divine approval.

And there was division among them
The division (σχίσμα, schisma) among the Pharisees underscores the impact of Jesus' ministry. This Greek term implies a split or schism, highlighting the growing controversy and debate over Jesus' identity and authority. Historically, this division foreshadows the broader conflict between early Christians and Jewish authorities, as well as the eventual spread of Christianity beyond Jewish boundaries.

So they asked the man who had been blind
This phrase introduces the Pharisees' interrogation of the man who had been blind. The Greek word for "asked" (ἐρωτάω, erōtaō) implies a questioning that seeks to probe deeper into the truth. The Pharisees, representing the religious authority, are attempting to understand the miraculous event. Historically, the Pharisees were known for their strict adherence to the Law and skepticism towards anything that challenged their understanding. The man, once blind, now stands as a living testimony to Jesus' power, and his transformation is undeniable.

What do you have to say about Him
The question posed to the man is significant. It reflects the Pharisees' struggle to categorize Jesus within their theological framework. The Greek phrase here suggests an inquiry into the man's personal testimony and perspective. In a broader scriptural context, this question echoes the ongoing debate about Jesus' identity throughout the Gospels. The Pharisees are seeking to understand Jesus' role and authority, which is a central theme in the Gospel of John.

since it was your eyes He opened?
This phrase highlights the miraculous nature of the healing. The Greek word for "opened" (ἀνοίγω, anoigō) is often used in the New Testament to describe the opening of eyes, ears, or understanding. It signifies not just physical sight but also spiritual insight. The miracle of opening the man's eyes serves as a metaphor for the spiritual enlightenment that Jesus brings. Archaeologically, blindness was a common affliction in ancient times, often seen as a sign of sin or divine judgment. Jesus' act of healing challenges these cultural assumptions and reveals His divine authority.

The man replied, 'He is a prophet.'
The man's declaration that Jesus is a prophet is profound. The Greek word for "prophet" (προφήτης, prophētēs) refers to one who speaks forth by divine inspiration. In the Jewish tradition, prophets were revered as God's messengers. By calling Jesus a prophet, the man acknowledges Jesus' divine connection and authority. This statement is a pivotal moment in the narrative, as it reflects the man's growing understanding of who Jesus is. Scripturally, this confession aligns with the recognition of Jesus as more than a healer; He is a divine messenger, fulfilling the prophecies of the Old Testament.

The Jews
This phrase refers to the religious leaders and authorities of the time, often the Pharisees and Sadducees, who were responsible for maintaining religious order and orthodoxy. In the Gospel of John, "the Jews" often symbolizes those who are resistant to Jesus' message. Historically, these leaders were deeply concerned with maintaining the purity of Jewish law and tradition, which sometimes put them at odds with Jesus' teachings. Their skepticism here reflects a broader theme of spiritual blindness and resistance to the truth that Jesus embodies.

still did not believe
This phrase indicates a persistent skepticism and unwillingness to accept the miraculous. The Greek word for "believe" is "pisteuo," which means to have faith or trust. The use of "still" suggests a continuous state of disbelief, highlighting the hardness of heart that can prevent individuals from recognizing divine intervention. This disbelief is not just a lack of understanding but a willful rejection of the evidence before them, which is a recurring theme in the Gospel of John.

that the man had been blind
This part of the verse emphasizes the miraculous nature of the healing. The man's blindness is not just a physical condition but also symbolizes spiritual blindness. In the context of the Gospel, physical ailments often parallel spiritual truths. The skepticism of the Jews here underscores their own spiritual blindness, as they are unable to see the truth of Jesus' identity and mission.

and had received his sight
The phrase "received his sight" is significant because it points to the transformative power of Jesus' miracles. The Greek word for "received" is "anablepo," which means to look up or regain sight. This miracle is not just about physical healing but also about spiritual awakening. It serves as a metaphor for the enlightenment that comes from faith in Christ, contrasting the physical sight of the healed man with the spiritual blindness of the religious leaders.

until they summoned his parents
This action reflects the depth of the leaders' skepticism. By summoning the man's parents, they seek external validation of the miracle, demonstrating their reliance on human testimony rather than divine evidence. This reflects a broader theme in the Gospel of John, where human understanding is often shown to be limited and in need of divine revelation. The parents' involvement also highlights the social and familial implications of Jesus' miracles, as they are drawn into the controversy surrounding their son's healing.

Is this your son
This phrase is a direct question posed by the Pharisees to the parents of the man who was healed by Jesus. The Greek word for "son" here is "υἱός" (huios), which not only denotes a biological relationship but also carries connotations of identity and belonging. In the Jewish culture of the time, lineage and family ties were crucial, often determining one's social standing and religious obligations. The Pharisees' question is loaded with skepticism, as they seek to verify the identity of the man who was healed, perhaps hoping to find a discrepancy in the story.

the one you say was born blind
The phrase "born blind" is significant in this context. The Greek word for "blind" is "τυφλός" (typhlos), which can also imply spiritual blindness or lack of understanding. The Pharisees are questioning the parents' testimony, implying doubt about the man's condition from birth. This skepticism reflects a broader theme in John's Gospel, where physical blindness is often juxtaposed with spiritual insight. The Pharisees' focus on the physical aspect of the man's condition highlights their own spiritual blindness to the miraculous work of Jesus.

So how is it that he can now see?
This question underscores the miraculous nature of the healing. The Greek word for "see" is "βλέπω" (blepō), which means to perceive or to have sight. The Pharisees are confronted with undeniable evidence of a miracle, yet their question reveals their unwillingness to accept the divine power of Jesus. Historically, miracles were seen as signs of divine intervention, and the ability to restore sight was particularly significant, symbolizing enlightenment and revelation. The Pharisees' question is not just about the physical restoration of sight but challenges the authority and identity of Jesus as the Messiah.

His parents answered
This phrase introduces the response of the parents of the man born blind, who had been healed by Jesus. The Greek word for "parents" is "γονεῖς" (goneis), which emphasizes their role as the biological and legal guardians of the man. In the context of first-century Jewish society, parents held significant authority and responsibility over their children, even into adulthood. Their answer is crucial because it reflects the social and religious pressures they faced, particularly from the Pharisees who were investigating the miracle.

We know
The phrase "we know" indicates certainty and personal knowledge. The Greek word "οἴδαμεν" (oidamen) suggests an awareness that is both intellectual and experiential. The parents are asserting their firsthand knowledge of their son's identity, which is indisputable. This certainty is important in the narrative, as it contrasts with the skepticism and disbelief of the religious leaders.

that this is our son
Here, the parents affirm the identity of the man who was healed. The Greek word for "son" is "υἱός" (huios), which not only denotes a biological relationship but also carries connotations of lineage and heritage. In Jewish culture, one's identity and social standing were closely tied to family and ancestry. By confirming that the healed man is indeed their son, the parents provide undeniable evidence of the miracle's authenticity.

and that he was born blind
This statement underscores the miraculous nature of the healing. The Greek word for "blind" is "τυφλός" (typhlos), which describes a condition of physical blindness. The fact that the man was "born" blind, as indicated by the Greek word "γεννηθείς" (gennetheis), highlights the severity and permanence of his condition prior to the miracle. In the Jewish understanding, congenital blindness was often seen as a sign of divine judgment or sin, making the healing even more significant as a demonstration of Jesus' divine authority and compassion.

But how he can now see
This phrase captures the miraculous nature of the healing. The Greek word for "see" is "blepō," which means to have sight or to perceive. In the context of the Gospel of John, seeing often symbolizes understanding or spiritual insight. The miracle of physical sight being restored to the blind man is a metaphor for the spiritual enlightenment that Jesus brings. Historically, blindness was often seen as a sign of sin or divine punishment, making this healing not just a physical restoration but a profound spiritual statement.

or who opened his eyes
The phrase "opened his eyes" uses the Greek word "anoigō," which means to open or to give access. This is significant because it implies that Jesus not only restored physical sight but also opened the man's spiritual understanding. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus is often referred to as the light of the world, and this act of opening the eyes is symbolic of bringing light into darkness. The historical context of this miracle, performed on the Sabbath, challenges the prevailing religious norms and highlights Jesus' authority over traditional interpretations of the law.

we do not know
This admission of ignorance by the parents of the healed man reflects the fear and social pressure they faced. The Greek word "oida" is used here, which means to know or to understand. Their reluctance to acknowledge Jesus as the healer underscores the tension between the emerging Christian faith and the established Jewish religious authorities. Historically, acknowledging Jesus' miracles could lead to expulsion from the synagogue, a significant social and religious consequence.

Ask him
The directive to "ask him" shifts responsibility back to the healed man. The Greek word "erōtaō" means to inquire or to question. This reflects the parents' desire to avoid conflict with the religious leaders. In a broader theological sense, it emphasizes personal testimony and accountability in one's faith journey. The healed man's willingness to testify about Jesus becomes a powerful witness to the transformative power of Christ.

He is old enough
The phrase "old enough" indicates maturity and the ability to make independent decisions. The Greek word "hēlikia" refers to age or maturity. This highlights the man's capability to speak for himself, reinforcing the theme of personal responsibility in faith. In the historical context, reaching a certain age meant one was considered a full member of the community, capable of bearing witness in legal and religious matters.

to speak for himself
The ability "to speak for himself" underscores the importance of personal testimony. The Greek word "laleō" means to speak or to articulate. This is significant in the Gospel of John, where personal testimony about Jesus is a recurring theme. The healed man's testimony becomes a pivotal moment in the narrative, illustrating the power of personal experience in witnessing to the truth of Christ. Historically, this reflects the early Christian emphasis on personal conversion and testimony as foundational to the faith community.

His parents said this
This phrase refers to the response of the parents of the man born blind, whom Jesus healed. Their statement was a cautious one, reflecting their fear of repercussions. In the cultural and religious context of first-century Judea, family honor and social standing were closely tied to one's relationship with the synagogue. The parents' response highlights the tension between acknowledging the miraculous work of Jesus and maintaining their social and religious standing.

because they were afraid
Fear is a powerful motivator, and in this context, it underscores the oppressive atmosphere created by the religious authorities. The Greek word for "afraid" is "φοβέω" (phobeo), which can mean to be frightened or to have reverence. Here, it clearly indicates a fear of punitive action. This fear reflects the broader theme in the Gospel of John of the conflict between the emerging Christian faith and established Jewish religious practices.

of the Jews
In the Gospel of John, "the Jews" often refers to the Jewish religious leaders rather than the Jewish people as a whole. This distinction is crucial for understanding the narrative. The religious leaders held significant power and influence, and their opposition to Jesus was both theological and political. Historically, this reflects the growing divide between early Christians and Jewish authorities.

For the Jews had already determined
The phrase indicates a premeditated decision by the religious leaders. The Greek word "συνετίθετο" (synetitheto) suggests a formal agreement or resolution. This decision was not spontaneous but a calculated move to maintain control and authority. It highlights the leaders' resistance to Jesus' growing influence and their unwillingness to accept Him as the Messiah.

that anyone who confessed Jesus as the Christ
To "confess" in this context, from the Greek "ὁμολογέω" (homologeo), means to declare openly or agree with. Confessing Jesus as the Christ was a bold proclamation of faith, acknowledging Him as the anointed one, the Messiah. This confession was central to the identity of early Christians and was seen as a direct challenge to the established religious order.

would be put out of the synagogue
Being "put out" or excommunicated from the synagogue, "ἀποσυνάγωγος" (aposynagogos), was a severe punishment. It meant social ostracism and loss of community support, which were vital in Jewish society. This threat was a tool used by the religious leaders to control and suppress the spread of Jesus' teachings. It reflects the high cost of discipleship and the courage required to follow Christ in the face of opposition.

That was why his parents said
This phrase introduces the reasoning behind the actions of the blind man's parents. In the context of John 9, the parents are responding to the Pharisees' inquiry about their son's miraculous healing. The Greek word for "said" is "εἶπον" (eipon), which is a common term for verbal communication. This highlights the importance of spoken testimony in the Jewish culture of the time, where oral tradition and witness were crucial for establishing truth.

He is old enough
The phrase "He is old enough" indicates the parents' decision to defer to their son, who is of age to speak for himself. The Greek term "ἡλικίαν" (hēlikian) refers to maturity or the age of accountability. In Jewish tradition, a male is considered an adult at the age of 13, when he becomes a "bar mitzvah." This cultural context underscores the parents' reliance on their son's ability to testify independently, thus avoiding direct confrontation with the religious authorities.

ask him
The directive "ask him" is a strategic move by the parents to shift the responsibility of testimony to their son. The Greek word "ἐρωτήσατε" (erōtēsate) is an imperative form, suggesting a command or strong suggestion. This reflects the parents' cautious approach in dealing with the Pharisees, who held significant power and influence. By directing the Pharisees to their son, the parents avoid potential repercussions from the religious leaders, who were hostile to Jesus and His works.

He is of age
Reiterating "He is of age" emphasizes the son's legal and social standing to provide his own account. The repetition of this phrase in the narrative serves to underline the parents' insistence on their son's autonomy. In the historical context, this repetition also highlights the tension between the Jewish authorities and those who were beginning to follow Jesus. The parents' response is a careful navigation of this tension, as they seek to protect themselves while acknowledging their son's experience.

He will speak for himself
The assurance "He will speak for himself" conveys confidence in the son's ability to articulate his experience. The Greek phrase "λαλήσει περὶ ἑαυτοῦ" (lalēsei peri heautou) suggests not only the act of speaking but also the content of the testimony. This reflects the biblical principle of personal testimony as a powerful witness to God's work. In the broader scriptural context, this moment foreshadows the growing movement of individuals who would boldly testify to the transformative power of Jesus, despite opposition.

So a second time
This phrase indicates persistence and determination by the Pharisees. In the Greek, "πάλιν" (palin) suggests a repeated action, emphasizing the Pharisees' relentless pursuit of a confession that aligns with their preconceived notions. Historically, this reflects the intense scrutiny and pressure religious leaders exerted to maintain doctrinal control and authority.

they called for the man who had been blind
The phrase underscores the identity transformation of the man. Once defined by his blindness, he is now recognized for his miraculous healing. The Greek verb "φωνέω" (phoneo) implies a summoning with authority, reflecting the Pharisees' attempt to assert dominance over the situation. This highlights the tension between the miraculous work of Jesus and the rigid structures of religious authority.

and told him
This phrase indicates direct communication, suggesting an authoritative command rather than a dialogue. The Greek "εἶπον" (eipon) is often used in contexts of instruction or command, reflecting the Pharisees' attempt to control the narrative and the man's testimony.

Give glory to God
This phrase is a call to truthfulness, rooted in the Hebrew tradition of swearing an oath before God. The Greek "δόξα" (doxa) refers to honor or praise, and in this context, it is a demand for the man to acknowledge God's role in his healing, while simultaneously discrediting Jesus. Historically, this reflects the Pharisees' struggle to reconcile the miraculous with their understanding of the law.

We know
The phrase reflects the Pharisees' confidence in their theological understanding. The Greek "οἴδαμεν" (oidamen) implies a certainty or assured knowledge, often used in contexts of established belief. This highlights the Pharisees' reliance on tradition and their resistance to new revelations that challenge their authority.

that this man is a sinner
This phrase reveals the Pharisees' judgment of Jesus. The Greek "ἁμαρτωλός" (hamartolos) denotes one who deviates from the law, reflecting their view of Jesus as a transgressor. This accusation is rooted in their inability to accept Jesus' divine authority and the transformative power of His miracles. Historically, it underscores the conflict between Jesus' ministry and the established religious order, inviting believers to discern true righteousness beyond legalistic boundaries.

He replied
This phrase introduces the response of the man who was born blind, now healed by Jesus. The Greek word used here is "ἀπεκρίθη" (apekrithē), which means "he answered" or "he replied." This indicates a direct and personal response, emphasizing the man's active participation in the dialogue. In the context of the narrative, his reply is not just a simple answer but a bold declaration of his experience and newfound faith. Historically, this moment is significant as it reflects the courage required to stand up to the religious authorities of the time.

Whether He is a sinner
The phrase refers to the accusation made by the Pharisees against Jesus. The Greek word for "sinner" is "ἁμαρτωλός" (hamartōlos), which means one who has missed the mark or fallen short of divine standards. The Pharisees were questioning Jesus' legitimacy and authority, trying to discredit Him by labeling Him a sinner. This reflects the tension between Jesus and the religious leaders, who were often at odds due to their differing interpretations of the Law and Jesus' radical acts of healing and forgiveness.

I do not know
The healed man admits his lack of knowledge regarding the theological debate about Jesus' sinfulness. The Greek word "οἶδα" (oida) is used here, which means to know or to understand. This admission of ignorance highlights the man's honesty and humility. It also underscores a key theme in John's Gospel: the contrast between spiritual blindness and sight. While the man may not know everything about Jesus, he knows the transformative power he has experienced.

One thing I do know
Here, the man asserts his certainty about his personal experience. The phrase "one thing" emphasizes the singular, undeniable truth of his testimony. The Greek word "οἶδα" (oida) is repeated, reinforcing the idea of personal knowledge and experience. This statement serves as a powerful testimony to the reality of Jesus' miraculous work, which cannot be refuted by theological arguments or skepticism.

I was blind
This phrase refers to the man's past condition. The Greek word "τυφλός" (typhlos) means blind, both physically and metaphorically. In the context of John's Gospel, blindness often symbolizes spiritual ignorance or lack of understanding. The man's physical blindness is a metaphor for the spiritual blindness of those who refuse to see the truth of Jesus' identity and mission.

but now I see!
The phrase captures the miraculous transformation that has occurred. The Greek word "βλέπω" (blepō) means to see, to perceive, or to understand. This statement is both a literal and metaphorical declaration of the man's new reality. Physically, he can now see the world around him; spiritually, he has begun to perceive the truth of who Jesus is. This transformation is a testament to the power of Jesus' healing and a call to all believers to open their eyes to the truth of the Gospel.

What did he do to you?
This phrase reflects the ongoing skepticism and disbelief of the Pharisees regarding the miraculous healing of the man born blind. The Greek word for "do" here is "ἐποίησεν" (epoiēsen), which implies an action or work. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus' works are not just miracles but signs pointing to His divine identity and mission. The Pharisees' question reveals their inability or unwillingness to see beyond the physical act to the spiritual significance of Jesus' miracle. Historically, this reflects the tension between Jesus and the religious leaders, who often questioned His authority and sought to undermine His ministry.

How did he open your eyes?
The phrase "open your eyes" is significant both physically and spiritually. The Greek word for "open" is "ἤνοιξεν" (ēnoixen), which can also mean to reveal or to bring understanding. This dual meaning is central to the narrative of John 9, where physical sight is restored, symbolizing the spiritual enlightenment that Jesus brings. The Pharisees' focus on the mechanics of the miracle rather than its meaning highlights their spiritual blindness. In a broader scriptural context, this phrase echoes the prophetic promises of the Old Testament, where the coming of the Messiah would bring sight to the blind, both literally and metaphorically (Isaiah 35:5). The historical context of this passage underscores the fulfillment of these prophecies in the person of Jesus Christ, who is the light of the world, bringing both physical and spiritual sight.

I already told you
This phrase reflects the man's frustration and exasperation. In the Greek, the word "told" is "eipon," which is a past tense verb indicating a completed action. The man is emphasizing that he has already provided the necessary information. This highlights the persistence of the Pharisees in questioning him, despite having received a clear answer. Historically, this reflects the tension between Jesus' followers and the religious authorities of the time, who were often resistant to accepting new revelations that challenged their established beliefs.

and you did not listen
The Greek word for "listen" is "ēkousate," which implies not just hearing but understanding and accepting. The man's accusation that the Pharisees did not listen suggests a willful ignorance or refusal to accept the truth. This is a common theme in the Gospels, where Jesus often criticizes the religious leaders for their hard-heartedness and lack of spiritual insight. The historical context here is the growing divide between Jesus' teachings and the traditional Jewish interpretations of the law.

Why do you want to hear it again?
This rhetorical question underscores the man's incredulity at the Pharisees' persistence. The Greek word for "want" is "thelete," indicating a desire or intention. The man is questioning their motives, suggesting that their repeated questioning is not out of genuine curiosity but rather an attempt to find fault or discredit the miracle. This reflects the broader scriptural theme of the religious leaders' opposition to Jesus and their attempts to undermine His ministry.

Do you also want to become His disciples?
The word "also" implies that the man now considers himself a disciple of Jesus, having experienced His miraculous power. The Greek word for "disciples" is "mathētai," which means learners or followers. This bold question challenges the Pharisees' authority and suggests that following Jesus is a desirable path. In the historical context, becoming a disciple of Jesus was a radical decision that often led to social ostracism and conflict with established religious norms. This phrase encapsulates the transformative impact of Jesus' miracles and teachings on individuals, prompting them to reevaluate their beliefs and allegiances.

Then they heaped insults on him
This phrase captures the escalating tension between the healed man and the Pharisees. The Greek word for "heaped insults" is "λοιδορέω" (loidoreō), which means to revile or speak abusively. This reflects the hostility and disdain the Pharisees felt towards anyone who challenged their authority or understanding of the law. Historically, the Pharisees were known for their strict adherence to the Mosaic Law and their authority in religious matters. This moment highlights their unwillingness to accept Jesus' divine authority and the miraculous signs He performed, which threatened their established religious order.

and said, 'You are his disciple
The Pharisees' accusation that the healed man is a disciple of Jesus is meant to be derogatory. The term "disciple" (Greek: μαθητής, mathētēs) implies a follower or learner. In the context of the New Testament, being a disciple of Jesus meant embracing His teachings and acknowledging His messianic role. The Pharisees' use of the term here is dismissive, as they view Jesus as a threat to their religious traditions and authority. This reflects the broader conflict between Jesus and the religious leaders of His time, who were often more concerned with maintaining their power than seeking the truth.

we are disciples of Moses!
This declaration by the Pharisees underscores their pride in their heritage and adherence to the Mosaic Law. Moses is a central figure in Jewish history, revered as the lawgiver and leader who brought the Israelites out of Egypt. The Pharisees' claim to be disciples of Moses is an assertion of their legitimacy and authority. However, it also reveals their spiritual blindness, as they fail to recognize that Jesus is the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus often pointed out that true discipleship involves understanding and living out the spirit of the law, which is love and mercy, rather than mere legalistic adherence. This moment serves as a reminder of the importance of humility and openness to God's revelation, as opposed to rigidly clinging to tradition without understanding its true purpose.

We know that God spoke to Moses
This phrase reflects the Jewish leaders' confidence in the divine authority of the Mosaic Law. The Greek word for "know" (οἴδαμεν, oidamen) implies a certainty or established knowledge, indicating their firm belief in the historical and spiritual significance of Moses as a prophet. Historically, Moses is a central figure in Judaism, having received the Law on Mount Sinai, which forms the foundation of Jewish religious practice. This acknowledgment of Moses' authority is crucial, as it sets the stage for the contrast they draw between Moses and Jesus.

but we do not know where this man is from
The phrase "this man" is a dismissive reference to Jesus, highlighting the Pharisees' skepticism and rejection of His divine origin. The Greek word for "know" here (οὐκ οἴδαμεν, ouk oidamen) is the same as before but in the negative, emphasizing their refusal to recognize Jesus' authority or divine mission. This reflects a broader theme in the Gospel of John, where Jesus' identity and origin are frequently questioned by the religious leaders. The phrase "where this man is from" underscores their spiritual blindness, as they fail to see Jesus as the fulfillment of the prophecies and the one sent by God, despite the signs and wonders He performed.

The man answered
This phrase introduces the response of the man who was born blind and had been healed by Jesus. The Greek word for "answered" is "ἀπεκρίθη" (apekrithē), which implies a thoughtful and reasoned response. This indicates that the man is not merely reacting emotionally but is providing a considered reply to the Pharisees. His response is rooted in his personal experience and newfound understanding, reflecting the transformative power of Jesus' miracle in his life.

This is remarkable indeed!
The word "remarkable" in Greek is "θαυμαστόν" (thaumaston), which can also be translated as "amazing" or "astonishing." This expression underscores the man's awe and wonder at the situation. Historically, miracles were seen as signs of divine intervention, and the man's use of this word highlights the extraordinary nature of Jesus' actions. It also serves as a subtle rebuke to the Pharisees, who, despite their religious knowledge, fail to recognize the significance of the miracle.

You do not know where He is from
The phrase "where He is from" refers to the Pharisees' ignorance of Jesus' divine origin. In the context of the Gospel of John, knowing where Jesus is from is crucial, as it relates to His heavenly origin and mission. The Greek word "οἴδατε" (oidate) for "know" implies a deeper, experiential knowledge rather than mere intellectual understanding. The man's statement points out the irony that the religious leaders, who claim to be knowledgeable, are unaware of the true nature and origin of Jesus.

and yet He opened my eyes
The phrase "opened my eyes" is both literal and metaphorical. Literally, it refers to the physical healing of the man's blindness. The Greek word "ἤνοιξεν" (ēnoixen) means "opened," signifying a complete and miraculous restoration of sight. Metaphorically, it represents spiritual enlightenment and the revelation of truth. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus is often depicted as the light of the world, bringing spiritual sight to those in darkness. The man's testimony is a powerful declaration of Jesus' divine authority and the transformative impact of His ministry.

We know
This phrase indicates a collective understanding or acknowledgment among the people, particularly the Jewish leaders, about a certain truth. The Greek word used here is "οἴδαμεν" (oidamen), which implies not just knowledge but a deep-seated awareness or recognition. In the context of the Gospel of John, this phrase often introduces a statement of commonly accepted belief or tradition. It reflects the cultural and religious consensus of the time, which is crucial for understanding the mindset of the Jewish leaders who were questioning the man born blind.

that God does not listen to sinners
The phrase reflects a theological stance rooted in Jewish tradition, where sin creates a barrier between God and individuals. The Greek word for "sinners" is "ἁμαρτωλῶν" (hamartōlōn), which denotes those who are habitually sinful or morally corrupt. This belief is consistent with Old Testament teachings, such as in Isaiah 59:2, which states that sin separates people from God. The historical context here is important, as the Jewish leaders are using this belief to challenge the legitimacy of Jesus' miracle, suggesting that if Jesus were a sinner, God would not have empowered Him to perform such acts.

but He listens to the godly man
This part of the verse contrasts the previous statement by highlighting the type of person to whom God is attentive. The Greek word for "godly" is "θεοσεβής" (theosebēs), meaning devout or pious. This reflects the Jewish understanding that righteousness and a life aligned with God's will open the channels of divine communication. The historical context here is significant, as it underscores the Jewish leaders' criteria for determining who is worthy of God's attention, which they are using to evaluate Jesus' actions.

who does His will
The phrase emphasizes obedience to God's commands as a prerequisite for divine favor. The Greek word for "will" is "θέλημα" (thelēma), which refers to God's purpose or desire. In the scriptural context, doing God's will is a central theme in the teachings of Jesus, who often spoke of the importance of aligning one's actions with God's purposes. This part of the verse serves as a theological assertion that true godliness is demonstrated through obedience, a principle that is echoed throughout the New Testament and is foundational to Christian ethics.

Never before
This phrase emphasizes the unprecedented nature of the miracle that Jesus performed. In the Greek, the word used here is "οὐδέποτε" (oudepote), which means "never" or "at no time." This highlights the uniqueness of the event, suggesting that such a miracle had not been recorded in the history of Israel. The emphasis on "never before" serves to underscore the divine authority and power of Jesus, setting Him apart from any other prophet or healer in Jewish history.

has anyone heard
The phrase suggests that the miracle was not only unprecedented but also widely acknowledged. The Greek word "ἤκουσεν" (ēkousen) implies hearing or understanding, indicating that the event was not just seen but also comprehended by those who witnessed it. This points to the communal recognition of Jesus' miraculous works, which were not done in secret but were public and verifiable, adding to the credibility of His ministry.

of opening the eyes
The act of opening the eyes is symbolic of enlightenment and revelation. In the Jewish tradition, blindness was often associated with spiritual ignorance or judgment, and the restoration of sight was seen as a sign of divine intervention and mercy. The Greek word "ἀνοίγειν" (anoigein) means to open, and it signifies not just physical sight but also spiritual insight. This miracle, therefore, is a metaphor for the spiritual awakening that Jesus brings to those who are in darkness.

of a man born blind
The specific mention of a man born blind highlights the severity and hopelessness of the condition. In the ancient world, congenital blindness was considered incurable, and those afflicted were often marginalized. The Greek phrase "γεννητὸς τυφλός" (gennētos typhlos) underscores the miraculous nature of the healing, as it was not a temporary ailment but a lifelong condition. This miracle serves as a powerful testament to Jesus' authority over creation, affirming His identity as the Messiah who brings restoration and hope to the hopeless.

If this man
The phrase "this man" refers to Jesus Christ, who is central to the narrative of John 9. In the context of the chapter, Jesus has just healed a man who was born blind, a miracle that astonished many and led to significant theological debate. The Greek word for "man" here is "ἄνθρωπος" (anthrōpos), which emphasizes Jesus' humanity. This highlights the mystery of the Incarnation, where Jesus is both fully God and fully man. The humanity of Jesus is essential for His role as the mediator between God and humanity, fulfilling the prophecies of the Old Testament about the coming Messiah.

were not from God
The phrase "from God" indicates divine origin and authority. The Greek preposition "παρά" (para) suggests a close relationship or source. In the Jewish context, being "from God" implies being sent by God with a divine mission. This statement by the healed man acknowledges Jesus' divine authority and mission, contrasting with the Pharisees' skepticism. Historically, the Jewish leaders expected the Messiah to perform signs and wonders, and this miracle aligns with those expectations, affirming Jesus' divine mission.

He could do nothing
The phrase "could do nothing" underscores the belief that true miracles and divine works can only be accomplished through God's power. The Greek word "δύναμαι" (dynamai) means "to be able" or "to have power." This statement reflects the understanding that Jesus' miraculous works are evidence of His divine authority and connection to God. In the broader scriptural context, this aligns with Jesus' own words in John 5:19, where He states that the Son can do nothing by Himself but only what He sees the Father doing. This emphasizes the unity and cooperation between the Father and the Son in the work of redemption.

They replied
This phrase indicates a response from the Pharisees, who were religious leaders in Jewish society. Their reply is not just a casual conversation but a formal response to the man who had been healed by Jesus. The Greek word used here, "ἀπεκρίθησαν" (apekrithēsan), suggests a decisive and authoritative answer, reflecting their position of power and influence. Historically, the Pharisees were known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions, often placing them in opposition to Jesus' teachings.

You were born in utter sin
The phrase reflects the prevailing Jewish belief that physical ailments or disabilities were a direct result of sin. The Greek word for "utter" is "ὅλος" (holos), meaning whole or complete, emphasizing the totality of the man's perceived sinful state. This accusation is not just a personal attack but a theological statement, rooted in the belief that sin and suffering are intrinsically linked. This perspective is challenged by Jesus earlier in the chapter, where He clarifies that the man's blindness was not due to sin but for the works of God to be displayed.

and you are instructing us?
Here, the Pharisees express indignation and disbelief that someone they consider a sinner would dare to teach them. The Greek word "διδάσκεις" (didaskeis) implies a role of authority and knowledge, which the Pharisees believed was reserved for themselves. This reflects their pride and unwillingness to accept that God could work through someone outside their religious elite. It highlights a recurring theme in the Gospels where Jesus often uses the humble and marginalized to reveal divine truth.

And they threw him out
This action signifies excommunication from the synagogue, a severe punishment in Jewish society. The Greek word "ἐξέβαλον" (exebalon) means to cast out or expel, indicating a forceful removal. Being thrown out of the synagogue meant social and religious isolation, cutting the man off from community life and worship. This act underscores the Pharisees' rigid adherence to tradition and their rejection of anything that challenges their authority, even when faced with a miraculous sign from God. It also foreshadows the growing tension between Jesus and the religious leaders, ultimately leading to His crucifixion.

When Jesus heard
This phrase indicates the omniscience and compassion of Jesus. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἤκουσεν" (ēkousen), which implies not just hearing but understanding and perceiving. Jesus is attentive to the plight of those who suffer for His name. Historically, this reflects the early Christian experience of being ostracized for their faith, a theme that resonates with the trials faced by believers throughout history.

that they had thrown him out
The phrase "thrown him out" comes from the Greek "ἐξέβαλον" (exebalon), meaning to cast out or expel. This action by the Pharisees symbolizes the rejection of those who confess Christ. It is a powerful reminder of the cost of discipleship and the societal pressures faced by early Christians. Archaeological findings of early synagogues and their community structures provide context for understanding the gravity of being expelled from such a community.

He found the man
The Greek word "εὑρών" (heurōn) for "found" suggests an intentional search. Jesus actively seeks those who are marginalized and rejected. This reflects the shepherd-like nature of Christ, who seeks out the lost sheep. Scripturally, it echoes the parables of the lost sheep and the lost coin, emphasizing God's relentless pursuit of His people.

and said
The act of speaking here is significant. The Greek "εἶπεν" (eipen) indicates a deliberate communication. Jesus' words are life-giving and transformative. In the historical context, a rabbi speaking to a man expelled from the synagogue would be unusual, highlighting Jesus' counter-cultural ministry.

Do you believe
The Greek "πιστεύεις" (pisteueis) for "believe" is a call to faith and trust. This question is central to the Gospel message, inviting a personal response to Jesus. It challenges the man, and by extension all readers, to consider their own faith. Theologically, belief is not just intellectual assent but involves trust and commitment.

in the Son of Man?
The title "Son of Man" is "υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου" (huion tou anthrōpou) in Greek, a messianic title with deep roots in Jewish eschatology, particularly from Daniel 7:13-14. It emphasizes both the humanity and divinity of Jesus. Historically, this title would resonate with first-century Jews as a claim to divine authority and messianic identity. It invites the man to recognize Jesus not just as a healer but as the promised Messiah.

Who is He
This phrase reflects the blind man's earnest desire to know the identity of the one who healed him. In the Greek, "τίς ἐστιν" (tis estin) conveys a sense of inquiry and openness. The blind man, having been healed, is now on a journey of spiritual discovery. His question is not just about physical sight but about spiritual insight. Historically, this reflects the broader theme in the Gospel of John, where Jesus is progressively revealed as the Messiah. The blind man's question is a pivotal moment, symbolizing the transition from ignorance to knowledge, from darkness to light.

Sir
The Greek word used here is "Κύριε" (Kyrie), which can mean "Lord" or "Sir." This term of respect indicates the blind man's recognition of Jesus' authority and power. In the cultural context of the time, addressing someone as "Kyrie" was a sign of respect and acknowledgment of their higher status. This reflects the blind man's growing faith and reverence towards Jesus, even before fully understanding His divine nature.

that I may believe in Him?
The phrase "ἵνα πιστεύσω εἰς αὐτόν" (hina pisteusō eis auton) reveals the blind man's readiness and willingness to place his faith in Jesus. The use of "πιστεύσω" (pisteusō) indicates a personal trust and commitment, not just intellectual assent. This is a crucial theme in John's Gospel, where belief is portrayed as an active, relational trust in Jesus as the Son of God. The blind man's desire to believe signifies the transformative power of Jesus' miracles, leading individuals from physical healing to spiritual awakening. This moment encapsulates the essence of the Gospel message: the call to faith and the promise of spiritual sight for those who seek the truth.

You have already seen Him
This phrase is a profound declaration by Jesus, emphasizing the revelation of His identity to the man born blind. The Greek word for "seen" is "ἑώρακας" (heōrakas), which implies not just physical sight but also spiritual insight. In the context of the Gospel of John, seeing often symbolizes understanding or recognizing Jesus' divine nature. Historically, this moment is significant because it follows the miraculous healing of the blind man, which serves as a sign pointing to Jesus as the Light of the World. Theologically, it underscores the theme of spiritual enlightenment, where physical sight is a metaphor for spiritual awakening and recognition of Jesus as the Messiah.

Jesus answered
The act of Jesus answering is significant in the narrative. The Greek word "ἀπεκρίθη" (apekrithē) indicates a response that is authoritative and revelatory. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus' answers often reveal deeper truths about His mission and identity. Here, His response is not just to the man's question but to his spiritual need for understanding and faith. This interaction highlights Jesus' role as the divine teacher and revealer of truth, fulfilling the prophetic expectations of the Messiah who would open the eyes of the blind, both physically and spiritually.

He is the One speaking with you
This phrase is a direct and personal revelation of Jesus' identity to the man. The Greek construction "ἐκεῖνός ἐστιν ὁ λαλῶν μετὰ σοῦ" (ekeinos estin ho lalōn meta sou) emphasizes the immediacy and personal nature of the encounter. "He is the One" points to Jesus as the fulfillment of messianic prophecies, the awaited Savior. The act of speaking "μετὰ σοῦ" (meta sou) signifies a relational and intimate communication. In the historical and scriptural context, this moment is pivotal as it transitions the man from physical healing to spiritual recognition and worship of Jesus. It reflects the broader Johannine theme of Jesus as the Word made flesh, who dwells among us and reveals God personally to each believer.

Then the man said
This phrase introduces the response of the man who was born blind, now healed by Jesus. The Greek word for "said" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which is a common term used in the New Testament to denote speech or declaration. This moment is significant as it marks a turning point in the man's spiritual journey. Historically, this man had been marginalized due to his blindness, but now he is given a voice and an opportunity to express his newfound faith. His response is not just a verbal acknowledgment but a profound declaration of belief.

‘Lord
The term "Lord" here is translated from the Greek "Κύριε" (Kyrie), which can mean "master" or "sir," but in this context, it is a recognition of Jesus' divine authority. This is a pivotal moment where the man acknowledges Jesus not just as a healer but as someone with divine authority. In the Jewish context of the time, calling someone "Lord" could imply a recognition of their messianic role, which is significant given the man's previous status as a blind beggar.

I believe
The Greek word for "believe" is "πιστεύω" (pisteuō), which means to have faith or trust. This is a powerful declaration of faith, especially considering the man's previous condition and the societal pressures he faced. His belief is not just intellectual assent but a deep, personal trust in Jesus. This moment is a fulfillment of the purpose of Jesus' miracle, which was not only to restore physical sight but to bring about spiritual enlightenment and faith.

and he worshiped Him
The act of worship is translated from the Greek "προσεκύνησεν" (prosekynēsen), which means to bow down or prostrate oneself in reverence. This is a significant act of devotion, indicating that the man recognizes Jesus as worthy of worship, a status reserved for God alone in Jewish tradition. This act of worship signifies the man's complete transformation and acceptance of Jesus' divine nature. In the historical and cultural context, worship was a profound expression of allegiance and reverence, marking the man's transition from physical healing to spiritual wholeness.

Then Jesus declared
This phrase marks a significant moment where Jesus is making a profound statement. The Greek word for "declared" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which is often used to denote authoritative speech. In the context of the Gospel of John, Jesus' declarations are pivotal, revealing His divine mission and authority. This moment follows the healing of the man born blind, serving as a culmination of the miracle and a deeper revelation of spiritual truths.

For judgment
The Greek word for "judgment" is "κρίμα" (krima), which can mean a decision, a verdict, or a divine judgment. In the conservative Christian perspective, this does not contradict Jesus' mission of salvation but complements it. Jesus' coming into the world inherently brings judgment because His presence and message force a decision—acceptance or rejection. This judgment is not merely punitive but is a separation of truth from falsehood, light from darkness.

I have come into this world
This phrase emphasizes the incarnation, the act of God becoming flesh in the person of Jesus Christ. The Greek word "κόσμος" (kosmos) for "world" often refers to the fallen human system opposed to God. Jesus' coming into the world signifies a divine intervention in human history, a pivotal moment where God steps into the temporal realm to fulfill His redemptive plan.

so that the blind may see
Here, "blind" and "see" are used metaphorically. The Greek word for "blind" is "τυφλοί" (typhloi), and "see" is "βλέπωσιν" (bleposin). This phrase speaks to spiritual enlightenment. Those who are "blind" are those who do not understand or perceive spiritual truths. Jesus' mission is to open the eyes of the spiritually blind, granting them insight into God's kingdom and truth. This is a fulfillment of prophetic promises, such as those found in Isaiah, where the Messiah would bring light to those in darkness.

and those who see may become blind
This paradoxical statement uses "see" and "blind" in a spiritual sense. The Greek word for "see" here is "βλέποντες" (blepontes), referring to those who believe they have spiritual insight or understanding. Jesus is addressing the Pharisees and religious leaders who, in their self-righteousness, are blind to the truth of Christ. This blindness is a result of pride and rejection of Jesus' message. It serves as a warning that self-assuredness in one's spiritual state without true faith in Christ leads to spiritual blindness.

Some of the Pharisees who were with Him
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in Judaism during the time of Jesus. Known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions, they often found themselves in opposition to Jesus' teachings. The phrase "who were with Him" suggests that these Pharisees were in close proximity to Jesus, possibly following Him to scrutinize His actions and words. Historically, the Pharisees were influential in the synagogues and held significant sway over the Jewish people. Their presence in this narrative highlights the tension between Jesus and the religious authorities of His day.

heard this
The act of hearing in the biblical context often implies more than just auditory reception; it suggests understanding and processing the information. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἀκούω" (akouo), which can also mean to comprehend or to heed. The Pharisees' hearing of Jesus' words indicates that they were attentive to His teachings, though their understanding was often clouded by their preconceived notions and spiritual blindness.

and they asked Him
The Pharisees' question to Jesus demonstrates their engagement with His teachings, albeit often with skepticism or hostility. The act of asking in the biblical narrative is significant, as it opens the door for dialogue and revelation. In this context, their question is not just a request for information but a challenge to Jesus' authority and insight. The Greek word "ἐρωτάω" (erotao) used here can imply a questioning that seeks to test or trap, reflecting the Pharisees' contentious relationship with Jesus.

'Are we blind too?'
This question is laden with irony and self-incrimination. The Pharisees, who prided themselves on their spiritual insight and knowledge of the Law, are confronted with the possibility of their own blindness. The Greek word for "blind" is "τυφλός" (tuphlos), which can refer to both physical and spiritual blindness. In the broader scriptural context, blindness often symbolizes a lack of understanding or insight into God's truth. The Pharisees' question reveals their inability to recognize their own spiritual condition, despite their physical sight and religious knowledge. This moment serves as a powerful reminder of the need for humility and openness to God's revelation, as true sight comes from acknowledging one's own limitations and seeking divine wisdom.

If you were blind
In this context, "blind" refers to spiritual blindness rather than physical. The Greek word used here is "τυφλοί" (typhloi), which can mean both physical and metaphorical blindness. Jesus is addressing the Pharisees, who prided themselves on their spiritual insight and knowledge of the law. The implication is that if they were truly unaware of their spiritual state, they would not be held accountable for their ignorance. This highlights the biblical principle that God judges based on the light one has received (Luke 12:48).

Jesus replied
The phrase indicates a direct response from Jesus, emphasizing His role as the authoritative teacher and the one who reveals truth. In the Gospel of John, Jesus often engages in dialogues that reveal deeper spiritual truths. His replies are not just answers but revelations of His divine wisdom and insight into human nature.

you would not be guilty of sin
The Greek word for "guilty" is "ἁμαρτίαν" (hamartian), which is often translated as "sin." Here, Jesus is making a profound statement about accountability. If the Pharisees were truly ignorant of their spiritual condition, they would not be held accountable for their sin. This reflects the biblical teaching that sin is not just an action but a state of being that requires awareness and repentance.

But since you claim you can see
The phrase "claim you can see" is a direct challenge to the Pharisees' self-perception. The Greek word for "see" is "βλέπετε" (blepete), which means to perceive or understand. The Pharisees believed they had spiritual insight, yet their rejection of Jesus showed their true blindness. This serves as a warning against spiritual pride and self-deception.

your guilt remains
The word "remains" is translated from the Greek "μένει" (menei), which means to stay or abide. Jesus is stating that because the Pharisees claim to have spiritual sight yet reject Him, their sin remains with them. This is a sobering reminder that knowledge without acceptance of Christ leads to judgment. The verse underscores the necessity of recognizing one's spiritual need and the danger of self-righteousness.