that they had thrown him out
The phrase "thrown him out" comes from the Greek "ἐξέβαλον" (exebalon), meaning to cast out or expel. This action by the Pharisees symbolizes the rejection of those who confess Christ. It is a powerful reminder of the cost of discipleship and the societal pressures faced by early Christians. Archaeological findings of early synagogues and their community structures provide context for understanding the gravity of being expelled from such a community.

He found the man
The Greek word "εὑρών" (heurōn) for "found" suggests an intentional search. Jesus actively seeks those who are marginalized and rejected. This reflects the shepherd-like nature of Christ, who seeks out the lost sheep. Scripturally, it echoes the parables of the lost sheep and the lost coin, emphasizing God's relentless pursuit of His people.

and said
The act of speaking here is significant. The Greek "εἶπεν" (eipen) indicates a deliberate communication. Jesus' words are life-giving and transformative. In the historical context, a rabbi speaking to a man expelled from the synagogue would be unusual, highlighting Jesus' counter-cultural ministry.

Do you believe
The Greek "πιστεύεις" (pisteueis) for "believe" is a call to faith and trust. This question is central to the Gospel message, inviting a personal response to Jesus. It challenges the man, and by extension all readers, to consider their own faith. Theologically, belief is not just intellectual assent but involves trust and commitment.

in the Son of Man?
The title "Son of Man" is "υἱὸν τοῦ ἀνθρώπου" (huion tou anthrōpou) in Greek, a messianic title with deep roots in Jewish eschatology, particularly from Daniel 7:13-14. It emphasizes both the humanity and divinity of Jesus. Historically, this title would resonate with first-century Jews as a claim to divine authority and messianic identity. It invites the man to recognize Jesus not just as a healer but as the promised Messiah.

Dost thou believe on the Son of God?--There is much doubt about the true reading here. A majority of the best MSS. have "the Son of Man," which is the usual term applied by our Lord to Himself. But comp. Notes on John 10:36; Matthew 26:63; and Matthew 27:43. On the other hand, the reading, "Son of God," is certainly as old as the second century, and seems to supply the sense which the context requires. The man had been cast out. Our Lord hears of this, and knows it is because of his bold confession that He was a prophet. The lesson He had before taught him had been learnt, and had borne fruit. He will lead him from that confession to a higher one. He marks him out as distinct from others, and asks a question which is meant by its form to lead him to an affirmative answer, "Thou believest on the Son of God?" This question follows naturally on the truth which the man had grasped. "If this Man were not of God, He could do nothing" (John 9:33), and this title was one of the theocratic names of the Messiah. (Comp. John 1:49.) The title, "Son of Man," could hardly have conveyed to him the same meaning. Its insertion in some of the MSS. here is probably to be traced to the fact that copyists substituted the title which our Lord more generally used for the rarer one. We should carefully bear in mind that though our Lord does not usually apply the title "Son of God" to Himself, He constantly asserts the truth which it expresses. (Comp., e.g., in this Gospel, John 5, 7, 8) . . .

(10) The issues of the ministry of light. Verses 35-38. - (a) The vision of those who see not. These verses narrate the sequel so far as the man was concerned. Westcott and others rather exaggerate the bearing of it when they say here was "the beginning of the new society." "The universal society is based on the confession of a new truth" (Westcott). Even in this Gospel the first chapter shows that Jesus gathered disciples about him who from that time onward were to "see angels of God ascending and descending on the Son of man." In the second and fourth chapters he "made and baptized disciples." The twelve (John 6.) would not leave him in the midst of widespread disaffection, because they confessed that he was "the Holy One of God," who had "the words of eternal life." Consequently, it is enough to say that, when the authorities of the Jewish ecclesia excluded the disciple of Christ, the Lord admitted him to a nobler fellowship; but the fellowship, the society, had been already formed. Verse 35. - Jesus heard that they had east him out; or, thrust him forth. Jesus is represented as "hearing," not from the man's own lips, but from the current report. He is not said to have become acquainted with the circumstance by intuition, but to have heard by the ordinary processes of knowledge. This simple touch shows how consistent the writer is throughout with the main thesis of his Gospel touching the perfect humanity of the Son of God, that he "was made flesh." and had "come in the flesh," though he was "from God." The excommunication noisily and widely bruited was further proof of the war to the knife between "the Jews" and Jesus. The man has fallen under the ban for practically avowing in the most public way that Jesus was "the Prophet," if not the Christ. And having found him. So, then, the Lord, as the good Shepherd, sought out the lost sheep in the wilderness, and did not rest until he found him. The daylight that had made an altogether new world for one who had aforetime never looked on human face, had been strangely checkered and shadowed. He only saw angry faces and averted glances, and even his cowardly parents would have hesitated to receive him into their poor abode; but Jesus found him, and said, Dost thou believe on the Son of God? Not "Dost thou wish to believe?" but "Dost thou put thy trust in the Son of God?" Dost thou recognize the fact that the Messiah of the nation's hope has come? Art thou believing in him? It would be more natural that the more current appellation Son of God, rather than the more recondite idea of Son of man, should have been held out before the healed man. The "thou" is emphatic, and contrasts the state of the mind of this man with that of "the Jews." He had declared that his Healer was "from God," that he was "a Prophet," One who "did God's will," and whom "God heareth," even when he asked for apparently impossible things. Christ tests the quality and caliber of his faith.

Parallel Commentaries ...