Jesus
The name "Jesus" is derived from the Greek "Iēsous," which corresponds to the Hebrew name "Yeshua" or "Joshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This name is significant as it encapsulates the mission of Christ—to bring salvation to humanity. In the context of Matthew, Jesus is portrayed as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, the Messiah who brings the Kingdom of God to earth. His actions and teachings throughout the Gospel demonstrate His divine authority and compassion.

got into a boat
The act of getting into a boat signifies a transition and movement in Jesus' ministry. Boats were a common mode of transportation across the Sea of Galilee, which was central to much of Jesus' ministry. This phrase indicates Jesus' readiness to move and reach different communities, emphasizing His commitment to spreading His message. The boat also symbolizes the Church, carrying the message of Christ across the waters of the world.

crossed over
This phrase suggests a deliberate action of moving from one place to another, often symbolizing a transition from one phase of ministry to another. In the broader biblical narrative, crossing over water often signifies a passage or transformation, reminiscent of the Israelites crossing the Red Sea or the Jordan River. Here, it underscores Jesus' mission to reach out to different people, breaking barriers and bringing His message of salvation to all.

came to His own town
"His own town" refers to Capernaum, which served as Jesus' base of operations during His Galilean ministry. Capernaum was a significant location, strategically positioned on trade routes and populated by a diverse community. This phrase highlights Jesus' return to a familiar place, where He had already performed miracles and taught the people. It underscores the importance of community and the impact of Jesus' ministry in places where He was known personally. The return to His own town also reflects the fulfillment of His mission to bring the message of the Kingdom to both familiar and new territories.

Just then
This phrase indicates immediacy and urgency, suggesting that the events described are unfolding rapidly. In the context of the Gospel of Matthew, this immediacy underscores the active and dynamic nature of Jesus' ministry. The Greek word used here, "ἰδού" (idou), often translated as "behold" or "look," serves to draw the reader's attention to the significant event about to occur. It is a call to witness the miraculous and divine intervention that is characteristic of Jesus' earthly ministry.

some men
The identity of these men is not specified, but their actions demonstrate faith and determination. In the cultural and historical context of first-century Judea, community and collective action were vital. These men exemplify the communal faith and support that were essential in a society where individuals often relied on their community for help and healing. Their role highlights the importance of intercessory faith, where the faith of one can lead to the blessing of another.

brought to Him
The act of bringing the paralytic to Jesus signifies faith in action. The Greek word "προσφέρω" (prosphero) means to bring or offer, often used in the context of offerings or sacrifices. This suggests that the men are offering the paralytic to Jesus, trusting in His power to heal. It reflects the belief that Jesus is the ultimate source of healing and restoration, a belief that is central to Christian faith.

a paralytic
The term "παραλυτικός" (paralytikos) refers to someone suffering from paralysis, a condition that rendered individuals helpless and dependent on others. In the historical context, paralysis was often seen as a sign of sin or divine disfavor. By addressing the needs of the paralytic, Jesus challenges societal norms and demonstrates His authority over physical and spiritual ailments, emphasizing His role as the compassionate healer.

lying on a mat
The mat, or "κράββατος" (krabbatos), was a simple bed or pallet used by the poor and infirm. It symbolizes the paralytic's condition of helplessness and dependence. In a broader spiritual sense, the mat represents the burdens and limitations that individuals carry. Jesus' interaction with the paralytic on the mat signifies His willingness to meet people where they are, regardless of their circumstances.

When Jesus saw their faith
This phrase highlights the importance of faith in the narrative. The Greek word "πίστις" (pistis) denotes trust, belief, and confidence. Jesus' recognition of their faith underscores the communal aspect of faith, where the belief and actions of a group can lead to divine intervention. It also emphasizes that faith is not merely an internal conviction but is demonstrated through actions.

He said to the paralytic
Jesus' direct address to the paralytic signifies His personal and compassionate approach to healing. It reflects His authority and willingness to engage with individuals personally. In the cultural context, addressing someone directly was a sign of respect and acknowledgment, indicating that Jesus values each person and their unique circumstances.

Take courage, son
The phrase "Take courage" is translated from the Greek "θάρσει" (tharsei), which means to be of good cheer or to have confidence. Jesus' words are meant to comfort and reassure the paralytic, addressing not only his physical condition but also his emotional and spiritual state. Calling him "son" indicates a relationship of care and compassion, reflecting the familial love that God extends to His children.

your sins are forgiven
This declaration is profound, as it addresses the root of human suffering—sin. The Greek word "ἀφίημι" (aphiemi) means to send away or to forgive, indicating the removal of sin's burden. In the historical and religious context, forgiveness of sins was a divine prerogative, and Jesus' pronouncement asserts His divine authority. This statement not only offers spiritual healing but also challenges the prevailing religious understanding, pointing to Jesus as the Messiah who has the power to forgive sins.

On seeing this
This phrase indicates the reaction of the scribes to the actions of Jesus. The context here is crucial; Jesus had just declared the paralytic's sins forgiven, which was a divine prerogative. The Greek word for "seeing" (ἰδόντες, idontes) implies not just physical sight but also perception and understanding. The scribes' perception was clouded by their preconceived notions of religious law and authority, highlighting the spiritual blindness that often accompanies legalism.

some of the scribes
The scribes were experts in the Jewish Law, often associated with the Pharisees. They were respected for their knowledge and interpretation of the Torah. Historically, scribes were seen as the guardians of the Law, and their role was crucial in maintaining religious traditions. However, their focus on the letter of the law often led to a lack of understanding of its spirit, as seen in their reaction to Jesus' actions.

said to themselves
This phrase suggests an internal dialogue or a whispered conversation among the scribes. The Greek word used here (εἶπαν, eipan) can imply speaking within oneself or among a group. This internal dialogue reflects their immediate judgment and skepticism, a common human reaction when faced with something that challenges established beliefs.

'This man
The scribes refer to Jesus dismissively as "this man," indicating their lack of recognition of His divine authority. In the cultural and historical context, addressing someone in this manner could imply disdain or disbelief. It underscores their inability to see Jesus as the Messiah, despite the miraculous signs He performed.

is blaspheming!'
The accusation of blasphemy was serious, as it involved showing contempt or lack of reverence for God. In Jewish law, blasphemy was punishable by death. The Greek word for blaspheming (βλασφημεῖ, blasphēmei) means to speak evil or slanderously. The scribes believed that by claiming to forgive sins, Jesus was usurping a role reserved for God alone. This accusation reveals their misunderstanding of Jesus' identity and mission. From a conservative Christian perspective, this moment highlights the profound truth of Jesus' divine nature and authority, which the scribes failed to recognize.

But Jesus knew
The phrase "But Jesus knew" underscores the divine omniscience of Jesus Christ. The Greek word used here is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which means to know, perceive, or understand. This knowledge is not merely intellectual but is deeply intuitive and spiritual. Jesus' ability to perceive the thoughts of others highlights His divine nature, affirming His identity as the Son of God. In the historical context, this would have been a powerful demonstration of His authority and insight, setting Him apart from other teachers and leaders of the time.

what they were thinking
The phrase "what they were thinking" refers to the inner thoughts and intentions of the scribes and Pharisees present. The Greek word "ἐνθυμέομαι" (enthumeomai) is used, which means to ponder or consider deeply. This indicates that Jesus was aware of their internal deliberations and skepticism. In a broader scriptural context, this reveals the truth that God is not only aware of our actions but also our innermost thoughts and motivations, emphasizing the importance of purity in both heart and mind.

and said
The phrase "and said" introduces Jesus' response to the unspoken thoughts of the scribes. This demonstrates His willingness to address and correct misunderstandings or false beliefs directly. The act of speaking here is significant, as it shows Jesus' proactive approach in teaching and guiding those around Him, even when they are not openly expressing their doubts or questions.

'Why do you harbor evil
The word "harbor" in "Why do you harbor evil" is translated from the Greek "ἐνθυμέομαι" (enthumeomai), which, as mentioned earlier, means to ponder or consider. The use of "harbor" suggests a deliberate and ongoing contemplation of evil, rather than a fleeting thought. The term "evil" is translated from "πονηρός" (ponēros), which can mean wicked, malicious, or harmful. This phrase challenges the audience to examine their hearts and motives, urging them to reject evil thoughts and intentions.

in your hearts?
The phrase "in your hearts" refers to the innermost being or the center of one's thoughts and emotions. The Greek word "καρδία" (kardia) is used, which is often translated as "heart" and signifies the seat of moral and spiritual life. In biblical times, the heart was considered the core of a person's identity and decision-making. By addressing the heart, Jesus emphasizes the need for inner transformation and purity, aligning with the broader biblical theme that true righteousness begins within. This serves as a reminder that God desires sincerity and integrity from His followers, not just outward compliance.

Which is easier
This phrase challenges the listener to consider the nature of divine authority and power. In the Greek, "easier" (εὐκοπώτερον) implies not just simplicity but also the perception of effortlessness. Jesus is addressing the scribes' skepticism about His authority to forgive sins, which is an invisible act, versus performing a visible miracle. This rhetorical question invites reflection on the true source of power and authority, which is God alone.

to say
The act of speaking in biblical terms often signifies authority and the power to enact what is spoken. In Genesis, God speaks creation into existence, highlighting the divine power inherent in words. Here, Jesus uses speech to demonstrate His divine authority, challenging the audience to recognize that His words are not mere utterances but carry the weight of divine action.

‘Your sins are forgiven,’
This phrase is central to the Christian understanding of Jesus' mission. The Greek word for "forgiven" (ἀφίενται) means to send away or release, indicating the complete removal of sin. In Jewish tradition, only God can forgive sins, so Jesus' pronouncement is a direct claim to divine authority. This statement underscores the belief in Jesus as the Son of God, who has the power to forgive sins, a cornerstone of Christian faith.

or to say
This repetition emphasizes the comparison between the two statements. It highlights the dual nature of Jesus' ministry: addressing both spiritual and physical needs. The conjunction "or" (ἤ) serves to juxtapose the visible and invisible realms of Jesus' work, inviting the audience to consider the comprehensive scope of His authority.

‘Get up and walk’
This command demonstrates Jesus' authority over physical ailments, a visible sign of His divine power. The Greek word for "get up" (ἔγειρε) is often used in resurrection contexts, symbolizing new life and restoration. "Walk" (περιπάτει) implies not just physical movement but a return to full participation in community life. This miracle serves as a tangible proof of Jesus' authority to forgive sins, as it is easier to verify a physical healing than a spiritual one.

But so that you may know
This phrase introduces the purpose of Jesus' forthcoming action. The Greek word for "know" is "γινώσκω" (ginōskō), which implies a deep, experiential understanding rather than mere intellectual acknowledgment. Jesus desires the crowd to have a profound realization of His divine authority, not just a superficial awareness. This sets the stage for a revelation of His identity and mission.

the Son of Man
This title, "ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου" (ho huios tou anthrōpou), is deeply rooted in Jewish eschatological expectations, particularly from Daniel 7:13-14, where the "Son of Man" is a heavenly figure given authority and dominion. Jesus uses this title to emphasize both His humanity and His divine authority, bridging the earthly and the heavenly realms. It is a self-designation that highlights His role as the Messiah and His mission to redeem humanity.

has authority on earth
The Greek word for "authority" is "ἐξουσία" (exousia), which denotes power, privilege, and jurisdiction. Jesus asserts His divine right to act on earth, countering any claims that such authority is reserved for God alone in heaven. This statement challenges the prevailing religious norms and underscores His unique role in God's redemptive plan.

to forgive sins
Forgiveness of sins is a divine prerogative, as seen throughout the Old Testament. The Greek word "ἀφίημι" (aphiēmi) means to send away or release, indicating a complete removal of sin's burden. By claiming this authority, Jesus not only asserts His divinity but also His mission to restore the broken relationship between God and humanity. This act of forgiveness is central to the Gospel message.

Then He said to the paralytic
Jesus turns His attention to the paralytic, demonstrating His compassion and willingness to heal both physically and spiritually. The direct address signifies a personal encounter, emphasizing that Jesus' ministry is not just about grand theological claims but also about individual transformation and restoration.

Get up, pick up your mat, and go home
This command is a demonstration of Jesus' authority in action. The Greek verb "ἐγείρω" (egeirō) for "get up" is often used in resurrection contexts, symbolizing new life and restoration. The instruction to "pick up your mat" signifies a complete healing, as the mat was a symbol of the man's previous condition. "Go home" implies a return to normalcy and community, highlighting the holistic nature of Jesus' healing—restoring the man physically, socially, and spiritually. This miracle serves as a tangible proof of Jesus' authority to forgive sins, fulfilling the purpose stated at the beginning of the verse.

And the man
This phrase refers to the paralytic man who had been brought to Jesus by his friends. The Greek word for "man" here is "ἄνθρωπος" (anthrōpos), which is a general term for a human being. This emphasizes the universality of Jesus' miracles and teachings, applicable to all humanity. The man represents those who are spiritually or physically paralyzed, unable to move forward without divine intervention.

got up
The Greek word used here is "ἐγείρω" (egeirō), which means to rise or awaken. This word is often used in the New Testament to describe resurrection or spiritual awakening. The act of getting up signifies not just a physical healing but a spiritual renewal. It is a powerful reminder that Jesus' authority extends over both the physical and spiritual realms, and His command brings life and restoration.

and went home
The phrase "went home" indicates a return to normalcy and community. The Greek word for "home" is "οἶκος" (oikos), which can mean a house or household. This suggests a restoration not only of the man's physical health but also of his place within his family and community. Historically, being healed would have allowed him to resume his role and responsibilities, reinforcing the social and familial structures of the time. Spiritually, it symbolizes a return to one's true self and purpose, as intended by God.

When the crowds saw this
This phrase sets the scene for the reaction of the people who witnessed the miraculous healing performed by Jesus. The Greek word for "crowds" is "ὄχλοι" (ochloi), indicating a large gathering of people. Historically, these crowds were often composed of a diverse mix of individuals, including Jews from various regions, who were drawn to Jesus' teachings and miracles. The presence of such a crowd underscores the public nature of Jesus' ministry and the widespread interest in His works.

they were awestruck
The Greek word used here is "ἐθαύμασαν" (ethaumasan), which conveys a sense of wonder and amazement. This reaction is not merely one of surprise but of deep reverence and awe at witnessing the divine power of Jesus. In the context of first-century Judea, such miracles were seen as direct interventions by God, challenging the natural order and affirming Jesus' divine authority.

and glorified God
The phrase "glorified God" reflects the immediate response of the people to attribute the miraculous event to the power and presence of God. The Greek word "ἐδόξασαν" (edoxasan) means to honor or praise. This act of glorification is significant in the Jewish tradition, where giving glory to God is a central aspect of worship and acknowledgment of His sovereignty. It highlights the recognition of God's hand in the miracle and the proper response of worship and praise.

who had given such authority to men
This phrase emphasizes the divine authority bestowed upon Jesus, who, though fully human, operated with the power of God. The Greek word for "authority" is "ἐξουσίαν" (exousian), indicating a legitimate power or right to act. In the historical and scriptural context, this authority was unprecedented, as it was not derived from human institutions or religious leaders but directly from God. This acknowledgment by the crowd points to the unique role of Jesus as the Messiah, who bridges the divine and human realms, fulfilling the prophecies and expectations of the Old Testament.

As Jesus went on from there
This phrase sets the scene for the narrative, indicating movement and transition in Jesus' ministry. The Greek word for "went on" is "παράγω" (paragō), which implies passing by or moving forward. This movement is not just physical but also symbolic of Jesus' mission to reach out to different people and places. Historically, Jesus' ministry was itinerant, reflecting His purpose to spread the message of the Kingdom of God across various regions, breaking traditional boundaries and reaching diverse audiences.

He saw a man named Matthew
The act of seeing here is significant. The Greek word "εἶδεν" (eiden) suggests more than just a casual glance; it implies a deep, discerning look. Jesus' ability to see Matthew is not just physical but spiritual, recognizing his potential and calling. Matthew, also known as Levi, was a tax collector, a profession despised by the Jews for its association with Roman oppression and corruption. This highlights Jesus' willingness to look beyond societal labels and see the individual.

sitting at the tax booth
The tax booth was a place of business for tax collectors, often located along trade routes or near city gates. The Greek word "τελώνιον" (telōnion) refers to this toll booth. Tax collectors were seen as traitors by their fellow Jews because they worked for the Roman authorities and often extorted money. This setting emphasizes the societal and religious barriers Jesus was willing to cross to reach individuals like Matthew.

“Follow Me,”
The call to "Follow Me" is a direct and personal invitation. The Greek word "ἀκολούθει" (akolouthei) means to accompany or to join as a disciple. This command is central to Jesus' ministry, inviting individuals into a transformative relationship with Him. It signifies a call to leave behind one's old life and embrace a new path of discipleship, commitment, and service.

He told him
Jesus' communication is authoritative and personal. The phrase "He told him" underscores the directness of Jesus' call. It is not a suggestion but a command, reflecting His authority as the Son of God. This personal address highlights the intimate nature of Jesus' call to each individual, inviting them into a personal relationship with Him.

and Matthew got up and followed Him
Matthew's response is immediate and decisive. The Greek word "ἀναστὰς" (anastas) means to rise or stand up, indicating a physical and metaphorical action of leaving his old life. "Followed" is again "ἠκολούθησεν" (ēkolouthēsen), showing his commitment to becoming a disciple. This response exemplifies the transformative power of Jesus' call, as Matthew leaves his lucrative but morally questionable profession to follow Christ. Historically, this decision would have been radical, as it meant abandoning financial security and societal status for an uncertain future with Jesus.

While Jesus was having dinner
The act of dining in the ancient Near Eastern culture was more than just a meal; it was a significant social event that symbolized fellowship and acceptance. The Greek word used here, "anakeimai," implies reclining at a table, which was the customary posture during meals in that era. This setting underscores the intimacy and acceptance Jesus extended to those often marginalized by society.

at Matthew’s house
Matthew, also known as Levi, was a tax collector before following Jesus. Tax collectors were generally despised by the Jewish people for their collaboration with the Roman authorities and their reputation for corruption. By choosing to dine at Matthew's house, Jesus demonstrates His willingness to reach out to those considered outcasts and sinners, emphasizing His mission to seek and save the lost.

many tax collectors and sinners
The phrase highlights the type of company Jesus kept, which was often scandalous to the religious leaders of the time. Tax collectors, as mentioned, were seen as traitors and sinners, while "sinners" referred to those who did not adhere strictly to the Jewish law. This gathering illustrates the inclusive nature of Jesus' ministry, breaking societal and religious barriers to extend grace and truth to all.

came and ate with Him
The act of eating together in the biblical context is a powerful symbol of acceptance and community. The Greek word "synanakeimai" suggests a shared meal, indicating that Jesus was not merely present but actively participating in fellowship with these individuals. This action challenges the prevailing norms and highlights the transformative power of Jesus' love and acceptance.

and His disciples
The presence of the disciples at this meal signifies their role as witnesses to Jesus' ministry and His radical approach to inclusivity. It also serves as a lesson for them—and for all followers of Christ—about the importance of reaching out to those on the fringes of society. The disciples' participation in this meal underscores the call for believers to emulate Jesus' example of love and acceptance.

When the Pharisees saw this
The Pharisees were a religious group known for their strict adherence to the Law of Moses and the traditions of the elders. The Greek word for "Pharisees" is "Pharisaioi," which means "separated ones." Historically, they were influential in Jewish society and often positioned themselves as guardians of religious purity. Their observation of Jesus dining with those considered unclean by societal standards highlights their focus on external righteousness and ritual purity.

they asked His disciples
The Pharisees approached the disciples rather than Jesus directly, which may indicate a strategic move to sow doubt or confusion among His followers. The Greek verb "epērōtēsan" implies a questioning that is more than mere curiosity; it suggests a challenge or confrontation. This reflects the tension between Jesus' ministry and the established religious norms of the time.

Why does your Teacher
The term "Teacher" (Greek: "didaskalos") was a title of respect, acknowledging Jesus' role as a rabbi or instructor. However, the Pharisees' use of the term here may carry a tone of skepticism or irony, questioning the legitimacy of His teachings given His association with those deemed unrighteous.

eat with tax collectors and sinners?
In the cultural and historical context of first-century Judea, sharing a meal was a sign of fellowship and acceptance. Tax collectors were particularly despised as they were seen as collaborators with the Roman occupiers and often engaged in extortion. The term "sinners" (Greek: "hamartōloi") was used broadly to describe those who lived outside the Pharisaic interpretation of the law. Jesus' willingness to eat with such individuals was radical and countercultural, demonstrating His mission to reach the lost and marginalized. This act of dining with them symbolizes the inclusivity of the Gospel and the breaking down of social and religious barriers.

On hearing this
This phrase indicates Jesus' immediate response to the situation at hand. The context is crucial here; Jesus is responding to the Pharisees' criticism of His association with tax collectors and sinners. The Greek word for "hearing" (ἀκούσας, akousas) implies not just the act of hearing but understanding and perceiving the underlying intent of the Pharisees' question. Jesus' awareness and discernment are highlighted, showing His divine insight into human hearts and motives.

Jesus said
The authority of Jesus is underscored in this phrase. In the Gospels, when Jesus speaks, it is with the authority of God Himself. The Greek verb "said" (εἶπεν, eipen) is often used in the New Testament to denote not just casual conversation but authoritative teaching. Jesus' words are not merely responses but divine pronouncements that carry weight and truth.

It is not the healthy
The term "healthy" (ἰσχύοντες, ischyontes) in Greek refers to those who are strong or well. In the context of this passage, it metaphorically represents those who perceive themselves as righteous or without need of spiritual healing. Historically, the Pharisees considered themselves spiritually "healthy" due to their strict adherence to the law. Jesus challenges this self-perception, suggesting that spiritual health is not about outward compliance but inward transformation.

who need a doctor
The word "doctor" (ἰατρός, iatros) in Greek refers to a healer or physician. In the ancient world, doctors were seen as essential for physical healing, and Jesus uses this metaphor to illustrate His role as the spiritual healer. The implication is that just as the physically sick need a doctor, the spiritually sick need Jesus. This highlights Jesus' mission to bring healing and restoration to those who recognize their need for Him.

but the sick
The term "sick" (κακῶς ἔχοντες, kakōs echontes) refers to those who are ill or in poor condition. In the spiritual sense, it represents sinners who are aware of their brokenness and need for redemption. Jesus' ministry was focused on reaching those who were marginalized and aware of their spiritual poverty. This phrase emphasizes the inclusivity of Jesus' mission and His compassion for those who are often overlooked by society.

But go and learn
This phrase is a direct command from Jesus, urging the Pharisees to seek deeper understanding. The Greek word for "learn" is "μανθάνω" (manthano), which implies acquiring knowledge through experience or study. Jesus challenges the religious leaders to move beyond their superficial understanding of the law and to grasp the heart of God's message. This call to learn is a reminder that spiritual growth requires active engagement and humility.

what this means
Jesus is pointing to a deeper, spiritual truth that the Pharisees have missed. The phrase suggests that the meaning is not immediately obvious and requires contemplation. In the context of first-century Judaism, understanding the Scriptures was a lifelong pursuit, and Jesus is inviting them to a transformative understanding of God's priorities.

‘I desire mercy, not sacrifice.’
This quotation is from Hosea 6:6, where God expresses His preference for mercy over ritualistic offerings. The Hebrew word for "mercy" is "חֶסֶד" (chesed), which encompasses loving-kindness, loyalty, and compassion. In the Greek, "ἔλεος" (eleos) is used, emphasizing compassion and kindness. Jesus is highlighting that God's heart is for relational faithfulness and compassion rather than mere ritual compliance. This challenges the Pharisees' focus on external religious observance and calls believers to prioritize love and mercy in their walk with God.

For I have not come to call the righteous
Here, Jesus clarifies His mission. The term "righteous" in this context refers to those who perceive themselves as morally upright, often the self-righteous. The Greek word "δίκαιος" (dikaios) can mean just or righteous, but Jesus uses it ironically to address those who believe they have no need for repentance. This statement underscores the futility of self-righteousness and the necessity of recognizing one's need for a Savior.

but sinners
The Greek word for "sinners" is "ἁμαρτωλός" (hamartolos), which refers to those who have missed the mark of God's standards. Jesus' mission is to reach those who acknowledge their brokenness and need for redemption. This is a profound declaration of grace, emphasizing that Jesus' ministry is for those who are aware of their sin and are open to transformation. It is a call to humility and repentance, inviting all to experience the mercy and love of God.

Then the disciples of John
This phrase refers to the followers of John the Baptist, a significant prophetic figure who prepared the way for Jesus. The Greek word for "disciples" is "μαθηταί" (mathētai), indicating learners or students. John's disciples were committed to his teachings and practices, which included fasting as a sign of repentance and devotion. Historically, John the Baptist's ministry was characterized by a call to repentance and preparation for the coming Messiah, which his disciples earnestly followed.

came to Him
The act of coming to Jesus signifies a direct approach to the source of divine wisdom and authority. The Greek verb "προσέρχομαι" (proserchomai) implies drawing near with intention. This approach reflects a genuine quest for understanding and clarity, as John's disciples sought to reconcile their practices with those of Jesus' followers. It highlights the openness of Jesus' ministry to questions and dialogue, a hallmark of His teaching style.

and asked
The Greek word "λέγοντες" (legontes) is used here, meaning "saying" or "asking." This indicates a respectful inquiry rather than a challenge. The disciples of John were not confrontational but were seeking insight into the differences in religious practices. This reflects a broader theme in the Gospels where questions are used as a means to reveal deeper truths and understanding.

Why do we and the Pharisees fast often
Fasting was a common religious practice among Jews, often associated with mourning, repentance, and seeking God's favor. The Greek word for "fast" is "νηστεύω" (nēsteuō), which means to abstain from food for spiritual purposes. The Pharisees, known for their strict adherence to the law, fasted regularly as a demonstration of piety. This question highlights the tension between traditional religious practices and the new way of life introduced by Jesus.

but Your disciples do not fast?
This contrast points to a significant shift in religious observance introduced by Jesus. The absence of fasting among Jesus' disciples suggests a new understanding of God's kingdom, characterized by joy and presence rather than ritualistic observance. The Greek word "νηστεύουσιν" (nēsteuousin) is used here, emphasizing the ongoing nature of the practice that Jesus' disciples were not engaging in. This reflects the transformative nature of Jesus' ministry, where the focus is on the presence of the Bridegroom, as Jesus later explains, rather than on traditional expressions of piety.

Jesus replied
In this opening phrase, we see the direct response of Jesus, indicating His active engagement in the conversation. The Greek word used here for "replied" is "ἀποκρίνομαι" (apokrinomai), which means to answer or respond. This sets the tone for a teaching moment, as Jesus often used questions and answers to reveal deeper truths. His reply is not just a simple answer but a profound teaching that addresses the heart of the inquiry.

How can the guests of the bridegroom mourn
The imagery of a wedding is significant in Jewish culture, symbolizing joy, celebration, and covenant. The "guests of the bridegroom" refers to the friends and attendants of the bridegroom, who are expected to share in the joy of the occasion. The Greek word for "mourn" is "πενθέω" (pentheō), which means to lament or grieve. Jesus is highlighting the inappropriateness of mourning during a time of celebration, drawing a parallel to His presence as the bridegroom.

while he is with them?
This phrase emphasizes the presence of Jesus as the central reason for joy. The Greek word "μετ᾽ αὐτῶν" (met' autōn) translates to "with them," underscoring the intimate and personal relationship Jesus has with His followers. The presence of the bridegroom signifies a time of rejoicing, and Jesus is making it clear that His presence is a cause for celebration, not sorrow.

But the time will come
Here, Jesus introduces a prophetic element, indicating a future event. The Greek phrase "ἔρχονται δὲ ἡμέραι" (erchontai de hēmerai) translates to "but days will come," suggesting an inevitable change. This points to the foreknowledge of Jesus about His impending crucifixion and departure, which would indeed be a time of mourning for His disciples.

when the bridegroom will be taken from them
The phrase "will be taken" uses the Greek word "ἀπαίρω" (apairō), meaning to be taken away or removed. This foreshadows the crucifixion and ascension of Jesus, when He would no longer be physically present with His disciples. The removal of the bridegroom signifies a shift from joy to sorrow, highlighting the temporary nature of His earthly ministry.

then they will fast
Fasting, in Jewish tradition, is associated with mourning, repentance, and seeking God. The Greek word "νηστεύω" (nēsteuō) means to abstain from food for spiritual purposes. Jesus is indicating that after His departure, His followers will enter a period of fasting, reflecting their longing for His return and their dependence on God. This fasting is not just a ritual but a deep expression of spiritual yearning and anticipation for the bridegroom's return.

No one
This phrase emphasizes the universality of the principle Jesus is about to explain. In the Greek, "oudeis" implies an absolute negation, suggesting that the action described is universally recognized as unwise. This sets the stage for a teaching that transcends cultural and temporal boundaries, inviting the listener to consider the wisdom of Jesus' words as applicable to all.

sews a patch
The act of sewing a patch is a metaphor for attempting to fix or improve something that is worn out or outdated. In the historical context, sewing was a common household task, and everyone would understand the futility of using new, unshrunk cloth on an old garment. This imagery speaks to the futility of trying to integrate the new covenant of grace with the old covenant of the law.

unshrunk cloth
The "unshrunk cloth" represents something new and untested. In the Greek, "agnaphos" refers to cloth that has not been processed or prepared. This symbolizes the new teachings and covenant that Jesus brings, which cannot be confined or constrained by the old traditions and legalistic practices of Judaism.

on an old garment
The "old garment" symbolizes the established religious practices and beliefs of the time. The Greek word "palaios" suggests something that is worn out or obsolete. This highlights the inadequacy of the old covenant to contain the new life and freedom found in Christ. The old garment cannot accommodate the transformative power of the Gospel.

For the patch will pull away
This phrase illustrates the inevitable failure of trying to combine the new with the old. The Greek word "airei" implies a forceful separation, indicating that the new covenant will not merely coexist with the old but will actively disrupt and replace it. This speaks to the transformative and sometimes disruptive nature of Jesus' message.

from the garment
The separation "from the garment" signifies the breaking away of the new from the old. The imagery suggests that the new covenant cannot be contained within the old structures. This separation is necessary for the new to fully manifest its purpose and power, emphasizing the need for a complete departure from the old ways.

and a worse tear will result
The "worse tear" signifies the greater damage that occurs when trying to mix incompatible elements. The Greek word "cheiron" means worse or more severe, indicating that the attempt to blend the new with the old results in greater harm. This serves as a warning against trying to dilute or compromise the Gospel with outdated traditions or legalism.

Neither do people pour new wine into old wineskins
The phrase "new wine" refers to the fresh, unfermented juice of the grape. In the context of the New Testament, it symbolizes the new covenant and the transformative teachings of Jesus Christ. The Greek word for "new" here is "neos," indicating something fresh and unprecedented. "Old wineskins" represent the established religious practices and traditions of Judaism at the time. Wineskins, made from animal hides, would become brittle with age. The metaphor suggests that the new teachings of Jesus cannot be contained within the old, rigid structures of the Pharisaic law.

If they do, the skins will burst
The bursting of the skins is a vivid image illustrating the incompatibility of the new covenant with the old legalistic framework. The Greek verb "burst" (ῥήγνυμι, rhēgnymi) conveys a violent tearing apart, symbolizing the inevitable failure of trying to confine the dynamic and expansive nature of Christ's message within the constraints of outdated traditions. Historically, this reflects the tension between Jesus' revolutionary teachings and the established religious order.

the wine will spill and the wineskins will be ruined
The spilling of the wine signifies the loss of the new covenant's potential when forced into unsuitable structures. The Greek word for "ruined" (ἀπόλλυμι, apollymi) implies destruction or loss. This serves as a warning that clinging to old ways can lead to the forfeiture of the blessings and life found in Christ's teachings. The imagery underscores the necessity of receptivity and adaptability to the transformative power of the Gospel.

Instead, they pour new wine into new wineskins
The "new wineskins" symbolize a new framework or mindset that is flexible and open to the teachings of Jesus. The Greek word for "new" here is "kainos," which implies something qualitatively new and different. This suggests that the followers of Christ must adopt a new way of thinking and living that aligns with the spirit of the Gospel. Historically, this reflects the early Christian community's development of new practices and structures that were distinct from traditional Judaism.

and both are preserved
The preservation of both the wine and the wineskins highlights the harmony and sustainability that result from embracing the new covenant in a suitable context. The Greek word for "preserved" (συντηρέω, syntēreō) means to keep safe or maintain. This indicates that when the teachings of Christ are received with an open heart and mind, both the message and the believer are sustained and enriched. This serves as an inspirational call for believers to continually renew their faith and practices to remain aligned with the living and active word of God.

While He was saying these things
This phrase situates the event within the broader narrative of Jesus' ministry. The context is crucial as it follows Jesus' teachings and miracles, emphasizing His authority and compassion. The Greek word for "saying" (λέγων, legōn) implies continuous action, indicating that Jesus was actively engaged in teaching when interrupted. This highlights the immediacy and urgency of the synagogue leader's request, demonstrating the desperation and faith that drive people to seek Jesus.

a synagogue leader
The term "synagogue leader" (ἄρχων, archōn) refers to a person of significant religious and social standing within the Jewish community. This leader, likely a ruler or elder responsible for the administration of the synagogue, would have been well-respected and influential. His approach to Jesus signifies a remarkable act of humility and faith, as he steps outside the norms of his position to seek help from Jesus, whom many religious leaders viewed with skepticism.

came and knelt before Him
The act of kneeling (προσεκύνει, prosekunei) is a gesture of deep respect, worship, and submission. In the cultural and historical context, kneeling before someone was a sign of acknowledging their authority and power. This synagogue leader's action is profound, as it demonstrates his recognition of Jesus' divine authority and his own desperation for a miracle. It is a physical manifestation of faith, showing that he believes Jesus has the power to intervene in his dire situation.

'My daughter has just died,' he said
The phrase "has just died" (ἄρτι ἐτελεύτησεν, arti eteleutēsen) conveys the immediacy and finality of the situation. The leader's statement is a declaration of his dire need and the hopelessness of the situation from a human perspective. In Jewish culture, death was considered the ultimate separation, and the leader's acknowledgment of his daughter's death underscores the depth of his faith in Jesus' ability to overcome even the most irreversible circumstances.

'But come and place Your hand on her, and she will live.'
The request to "place Your hand on her" (ἐπιθὲς τὴν χεῖρά σου, epithes tēn cheira sou) reflects a belief in the tangible, physical manifestation of Jesus' healing power. In the Jewish tradition, the laying on of hands was a common practice for blessing and healing, symbolizing the transfer of power or authority. The leader's faith is evident in his confident assertion that if Jesus intervenes, his daughter "will live" (ζήσεται, zēsetai). This statement is a powerful testament to his belief in Jesus' authority over life and death, foreshadowing the miraculous resurrection that Jesus would perform.

So Jesus got up and went with him, and so did His disciples
So Jesus got up
This phrase indicates immediate action and readiness on the part of Jesus. The Greek word for "got up" is "anistemi," which often implies rising from a seated or reclining position. This action signifies Jesus' willingness to respond to the needs of others without hesitation. In the broader scriptural context, Jesus' readiness to act is a recurring theme, demonstrating His compassion and divine mission. His actions serve as a model for believers to be ready and willing to serve others at a moment's notice.

and went with him
The phrase "went with him" underscores Jesus' personal involvement and willingness to engage with individuals. The Greek word "aperchomai" means to go away or depart, indicating a deliberate choice to accompany the man who sought His help. This reflects the incarnational aspect of Jesus' ministry—He is not distant or detached but walks alongside those in need. Historically, this action would have been significant, as rabbis of the time often maintained a certain distance from the common people. Jesus, however, breaks this norm, emphasizing His accessibility and approachability.

and so did His disciples
The inclusion of "His disciples" highlights the communal aspect of Jesus' ministry. The Greek term "mathetes" refers to learners or followers, indicating that those who follow Jesus are also called to participate in His work. This phrase suggests that the disciples are not merely observers but active participants in Jesus' mission. It serves as a reminder to believers that following Christ involves both learning from Him and engaging in His work. The disciples' presence also underscores the importance of community and fellowship in the Christian journey, as they support and learn from one another while following Jesus' example.

Suddenly
The word "suddenly" indicates an unexpected or immediate action. In the Greek, the term used is "ἰδοὺ" (idou), which is often translated as "behold" or "lo." It serves to draw attention to the significance of the event. This suddenness emphasizes the urgency and desperation of the woman's situation, as well as the divine timing of her encounter with Jesus. It reminds us that God's interventions in our lives can occur unexpectedly, bringing hope and healing when we least anticipate it.

a woman
The mention of "a woman" highlights her anonymity and the societal marginalization she faced. In the cultural context of first-century Judea, women often had limited rights and were considered secondary to men. Her anonymity underscores the personal nature of her faith and the universal reach of Jesus' ministry, which extends beyond social and gender barriers. This woman represents all who feel overlooked or marginalized, yet are seen and valued by Christ.

who had suffered from bleeding
The phrase "who had suffered from bleeding" refers to a chronic condition, likely a form of hemorrhage, which rendered her ceremonially unclean according to Levitical law (Leviticus 15:25-27). The Greek word used here is "αἱμορροοῦσα" (haimorroousa), meaning "bleeding." Her condition not only caused physical suffering but also social and religious isolation. This highlights the depth of her desperation and the extent of her faith in seeking Jesus for healing, despite the risk of public shame.

for twelve years
The duration "for twelve years" emphasizes the chronic nature of her affliction. The number twelve is significant in biblical numerology, often symbolizing completeness or the people of God (e.g., twelve tribes of Israel). Her twelve-year struggle can be seen as a period of testing and endurance, culminating in a divine appointment with Jesus. It serves as a reminder that God's timing is perfect, and His deliverance is worth the wait.

came up behind Him
The action "came up behind Him" suggests humility and reverence. The woman approached Jesus discreetly, perhaps out of fear of being rebuked or due to her unclean status. This act of coming from behind signifies her faith and determination, as well as her recognition of Jesus' authority and power. It illustrates the idea that faith often requires stepping out in courage, even when we feel unworthy or afraid.

and touched the fringe of His cloak
The phrase "and touched the fringe of His cloak" is rich with cultural and religious significance. The "fringe" refers to the "tzitzit," the tassels worn on the corners of a Jewish garment, as commanded in Numbers 15:38-39. These tassels were a reminder of God's commandments and the wearer's commitment to holiness. By touching the fringe, the woman was not only seeking physical healing but also expressing her faith in Jesus as the fulfillment of the Law and the embodiment of divine authority. Her touch symbolizes the connection between faith and the power of Christ, demonstrating that even the smallest act of faith can access the fullness of God's grace and healing.

For she said to herself
This phrase reveals the internal dialogue and faith of the woman suffering from a bleeding disorder. The Greek word for "said" is "ἔλεγεν" (elegen), which is in the imperfect tense, indicating a continuous or repeated action in the past. This suggests that she had been telling herself this repeatedly, reflecting a deep-seated belief and hope. Her self-talk is a testament to her faith, which is a central theme in the Gospel of Matthew. In a historical context, women in her condition were considered unclean and were often isolated, yet her faith drove her to seek Jesus despite societal barriers.

If only I touch His cloak
The phrase "If only I touch" demonstrates the woman's belief in the power of Jesus. The Greek word for "touch" is "ἅψωμαι" (hapsomai), which implies a deliberate and intentional action. Her faith was not in a mere accidental brushing against Jesus but in a purposeful act of reaching out. The "cloak" refers to the outer garment, possibly the fringe or tassel, known as "tzitzit" in Hebrew, which Jewish men wore as a reminder of God's commandments (Numbers 15:38-39). This act signifies her recognition of Jesus' authority and her faith in His divine power to heal.

I will be healed
The phrase "I will be healed" is a declaration of faith. The Greek word for "healed" is "σωθήσομαι" (sōthēsomai), which can also mean "saved" or "delivered." This dual meaning reflects the holistic nature of Jesus' ministry, which encompasses both physical healing and spiritual salvation. Her confidence in being healed underscores the transformative power of faith in Christ. Historically, this account illustrates the breaking of social and religious barriers, as Jesus' healing was available to all who believed, regardless of their status or condition. This verse encourages believers to approach Jesus with faith, trusting in His power to heal and save.

But Jesus turned and saw her
In this phrase, we see the intentionality and compassion of Jesus. The Greek word for "turned" is "στραφείς" (strapheis), indicating a deliberate action. Jesus, amidst a crowd, chooses to acknowledge the woman, demonstrating His awareness and care for individuals. This reflects the personal nature of Christ's ministry, where He sees and responds to the needs of each person. Historically, this act of turning and seeing would have been significant, as women in that culture often went unnoticed, especially those considered unclean due to illness.

Take courage, daughter
The phrase "Take courage" comes from the Greek "θάρσει" (tharsei), which is a command to be confident and unafraid. Jesus addresses her as "daughter," a term of endearment and acceptance. This is the only recorded instance where Jesus uses this term, highlighting His tenderness and the familial relationship He offers to believers. In a historical context, this would have been profoundly reassuring to the woman, who had been marginalized due to her condition.

your faith has healed you
The Greek word for "faith" is "πίστις" (pistis), which implies trust and belief. Jesus attributes her healing to her faith, emphasizing the power of belief in Him. The word "healed" is translated from "σέσωκεν" (sesōken), which can also mean "saved." This dual meaning suggests that her faith not only brought physical healing but also spiritual salvation. In the broader scriptural context, this underscores the theme that faith in Christ is the key to both physical and spiritual restoration.

And the woman was cured from that very hour
The phrase "that very hour" indicates the immediacy of the healing. The Greek "ἀπὸ τῆς ὥρας ἐκείνης" (apo tēs hōras ekeinēs) suggests a precise moment when the change occurred, highlighting the power and authority of Jesus' word. Historically, this immediate healing would have been a powerful testimony to those around, affirming Jesus' divine authority and the truth of His message. This miraculous event serves as a reminder of the transformative power of Christ in the lives of those who believe.

When Jesus entered
This phrase marks a significant moment of divine intervention. The Greek word for "entered" is "εἰσελθών" (eiselthōn), which implies a purposeful and authoritative entrance. Jesus' entry into the scene is not just physical but also spiritual, symbolizing the arrival of hope and divine power into a situation of despair. Historically, Jesus' movements were deliberate, often challenging societal norms and expectations, as He brought the Kingdom of God into everyday life.

the house of the synagogue leader
The "house" here is not just a physical structure but represents the personal and familial domain of the synagogue leader, a man of significant social and religious standing. The Greek term "οἰκίαν" (oikian) can denote a household, emphasizing the personal impact of Jesus' ministry. The synagogue leader, likely Jairus as identified in parallel accounts, signifies the intersection of faith and authority, where personal desperation meets divine intervention. This setting underscores the reach of Jesus' ministry, extending beyond the marginalized to those in positions of influence.

He saw the flute players
Flute players were customary at Jewish funerals, providing a mournful soundtrack to the grieving process. The Greek word "αὐλητάς" (aulētas) refers to musicians who played wind instruments, a practice rooted in cultural traditions of lamentation. Their presence indicates that the situation was perceived as hopeless, with death seemingly having the final word. Jesus' observation of the flute players sets the stage for a dramatic reversal, as He prepares to transform mourning into joy.

and the noisy crowd
The "noisy crowd" is described by the Greek word "θορυβούμενον" (thoryboumenon), suggesting a tumultuous and chaotic scene. This crowd, likely composed of professional mourners and onlookers, reflects the communal nature of grief in ancient Jewish culture. Their noise symbolizes the overwhelming nature of human sorrow and the finality of death. Yet, in the presence of Jesus, this noise is about to be silenced by the power of His word, illustrating the peace and order He brings into chaos.

Go away
In this passage, Jesus begins with a command, "Go away," which is directed towards the mourners and those who were creating a commotion. The Greek word used here is "ἀναχωρέω" (anachōreō), which means to withdraw or depart. This command signifies Jesus' authority over the situation and His intention to change the atmosphere from one of despair to one of hope. In a broader spiritual sense, it can be seen as a call to remove doubt and disbelief from our lives, making room for faith and divine intervention.

for the girl is not dead
Here, Jesus makes a profound statement, "for the girl is not dead," which challenges the perception of those present. The Greek word for "dead" is "νεκρός" (nekros), which typically means lifeless or deceased. However, Jesus is speaking from a divine perspective, seeing beyond the physical reality to the spiritual truth. This phrase emphasizes the power of Christ over death and His ability to bring life where there seems to be none. It serves as a reminder of the hope and resurrection power available through faith in Jesus.

but asleep
The phrase "but asleep" uses the Greek word "καθεύδω" (katheudō), which means to sleep. In the New Testament, sleep is often used metaphorically to describe death, particularly in the context of the believer's hope in resurrection (e.g., 1 Thessalonians 4:13-14). By using this term, Jesus is indicating that death is not the final state for those who are in Him. It is a temporary condition, akin to sleep, from which one can be awakened. This reflects the Christian belief in eternal life and the assurance that physical death is not the end for those who trust in Christ.

And they laughed at Him
The reaction of the crowd, "And they laughed at Him," highlights the skepticism and unbelief that often accompany divine truth. The Greek word for "laughed" is "καταγελάω" (katagelaō), which implies ridicule or scornful laughter. This response underscores the contrast between human understanding and divine wisdom. It serves as a reminder that faith often requires us to trust in God's promises, even when they seem impossible or are met with derision by the world. This moment foreshadows the ultimate victory of Christ over death and the vindication of His words through the miracle that follows.

After the crowd had been put outside
This phrase indicates a deliberate action by Jesus to create an environment of faith and intimacy. The Greek word for "crowd" (ὄχλος, ochlos) often refers to a large, mixed group of people, sometimes skeptical or unbelieving. By putting them outside, Jesus removes doubt and disbelief, emphasizing the importance of faith in witnessing miracles. This act also reflects a common practice in Jewish culture where mourners would gather, but Jesus seeks a more private setting to perform this miracle, highlighting the personal nature of His ministry.

He went in
The act of Jesus entering the room signifies His willingness to engage personally and directly with those in need. The Greek verb "went in" (εἰσέρχομαι, eiserchomai) suggests a purposeful movement. This reflects Jesus' intentional approach to ministry, where He is not passive but actively seeks to bring life and healing. Historically, entering a room where a dead body lay would render one ceremonially unclean, yet Jesus transcends these cultural boundaries, demonstrating His authority over life and death.

and took the girl by the hand
The gesture of taking her hand is deeply significant. In the Jewish context, touching a corpse would make one unclean, yet Jesus' touch brings purity and life. The Greek word for "took" (κρατέω, krateo) implies a firm, authoritative grasp, symbolizing Jesus' power over death. This act of touch is a recurring theme in Jesus' healings, emphasizing His compassion and the personal connection He establishes with those He heals. It also reflects the biblical theme of God's hand being a source of strength and deliverance.

and she got up
This phrase captures the miraculous nature of the event. The Greek verb "got up" (ἐγείρω, egeiro) is often used in the New Testament to describe resurrection or awakening. It signifies not just a physical rising but a restoration to life. This miracle prefigures Jesus' own resurrection and serves as a testament to His divine authority. In the broader scriptural context, it echoes the prophetic promises of life and restoration found throughout the Old Testament, affirming Jesus as the fulfillment of these prophecies.

And the news
The phrase "the news" in this context refers to the miraculous events that had just occurred, specifically the raising of the synagogue leader's daughter from the dead by Jesus. The Greek word used here is "pheme," which can mean report, fame, or rumor. This indicates that the event was not just a casual mention but something that captured the attention and imagination of the people. In a time without modern communication, such news would spread rapidly by word of mouth, highlighting the impact of Jesus' miracles on the community.

about this
The phrase "about this" specifically points to the miracle of raising the dead, an act that was unprecedented and undeniably divine. This miracle was a testament to Jesus' authority over life and death, reinforcing His identity as the Messiah. In the Jewish context, such an act would resonate deeply, as it fulfilled messianic prophecies and demonstrated the power of God at work through Jesus.

spread
The word "spread" is translated from the Greek "exerchomai," which means to go out or to be made known. This suggests a natural and almost unstoppable dissemination of information. The miracle was so extraordinary that it could not be contained; it naturally moved from person to person, village to village. This spreading of news is akin to the spread of the Gospel message itself, which would later be carried to the ends of the earth.

throughout
The term "throughout" indicates the comprehensive nature of the news dissemination. It wasn't limited to a small group or a single town but permeated the entire area. This reflects the widespread impact of Jesus' ministry and the growing awareness of His works and teachings. It also underscores the communal nature of ancient societies, where news was shared widely and quickly.

that region
"That region" refers to the area surrounding Capernaum, where Jesus performed many of His miracles. This region was a hub of activity and trade, making it an ideal location for news to travel quickly. Historically, this area was part of Galilee, a place with a diverse population and a mix of Jewish and Gentile communities. The spread of news in such a region signifies the beginning of the broader reach of Jesus' ministry, which would eventually extend beyond Jewish boundaries to the Gentile world.

As Jesus went on from there
This phrase indicates a transition in Jesus' ministry, moving from one location to another. The Greek word for "went on" is "παράγω" (paragō), which implies a continuous journey. This movement signifies the active and dynamic nature of Jesus' ministry, always progressing and reaching out to those in need. Historically, Jesus' travels throughout Galilee and Judea were significant for spreading His teachings and performing miracles, fulfilling the prophecies of the Messiah who would come to save His people.

two blind men
The mention of "two blind men" highlights the physical and spiritual blindness prevalent in the world. In the Greek, "τυφλός" (typhlos) is used for "blind," which can also metaphorically refer to spiritual blindness. These men represent those who are in darkness, both physically and spiritually, seeking the light of Christ. In a historical context, blindness was a common affliction, often leaving individuals marginalized and dependent on others for survival. Their condition underscores the compassion of Jesus, who reaches out to the marginalized and offers healing and hope.

followed Him
The act of following, "ἀκολουθέω" (akoloutheō) in Greek, implies discipleship and a desire to be near Jesus. Despite their blindness, these men demonstrate faith and determination by pursuing Jesus. This pursuit is symbolic of the Christian journey, where believers are called to follow Christ despite obstacles. The historical context of discipleship in the first century involved leaving one's former life to embrace the teachings and lifestyle of a rabbi, which these men exemplify through their actions.

crying out
The phrase "crying out" is translated from the Greek "κράζω" (krazō), which conveys a loud, urgent plea. This intensity reflects the desperation and earnestness of the blind men, who recognize their need for Jesus' intervention. Their cry is a model of prayer and supplication, demonstrating how believers should approach God with sincerity and urgency. In the scriptural context, crying out to God is a recurring theme, seen in the Psalms and throughout the Old Testament, where God's people call upon Him in times of distress.

Have mercy on us
This plea for mercy, "ἐλέησον ἡμᾶς" (eleēson hēmas) in Greek, is a humble request for compassion and healing. Mercy is a central theme in the Bible, reflecting God's character as loving and forgiving. The blind men's appeal for mercy acknowledges their dependence on Jesus' grace and power. In a broader theological context, mercy is a key aspect of salvation, where believers seek God's forgiveness and grace through faith in Christ.

Son of David
The title "Son of David" is a messianic designation, affirming Jesus' royal lineage and fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies. In Greek, "υἱὸς Δαυίδ" (huios David) connects Jesus to King David, highlighting His rightful place as the promised Messiah. This acknowledgment by the blind men demonstrates their faith in Jesus as the Savior. Historically, the expectation of a Davidic Messiah was prevalent among the Jews, who anticipated a deliverer to restore Israel. By using this title, the blind men express their belief in Jesus' divine authority and mission.

When He had gone indoors
This phrase indicates a transition from a public to a private setting. The Greek word for "indoors" (οἰκίαν, oikian) suggests a house or dwelling, symbolizing a place of intimacy and personal encounter. In the context of Jesus' ministry, moving indoors often signifies a shift from teaching the crowds to addressing individual needs. This setting underscores the personal nature of the miracle about to occur, emphasizing that faith and healing often happen in the quiet, private moments of life.

the blind men came to Him
The act of the blind men coming to Jesus is significant. Despite their physical blindness, they demonstrate spiritual insight and determination. The Greek verb "came" (προσῆλθον, proselthon) implies an approach with purpose and intent. Historically, blindness was a common affliction in ancient times, often seen as a symbol of spiritual ignorance. Yet, these men, though physically blind, recognize Jesus as the source of healing, illustrating the theme that true sight is a matter of the heart and spirit.

and He asked them
Jesus' question to the blind men is not merely for information but serves a deeper purpose. The Greek word for "asked" (εἶπεν, eipen) can also mean to speak or declare. This interaction highlights Jesus' method of engaging individuals in a way that draws out their faith. By asking, He invites them to express their belief, making their faith active and participatory. This moment reflects the biblical principle that God often requires a response of faith before performing a miracle.

Do you believe that I am able to do this?
This question is central to the narrative. The Greek word for "believe" (πιστεύετε, pisteuete) is a strong term denoting trust and confidence. Jesus is not merely asking if they think He can heal them; He is probing the depth of their faith in His divine power. The phrase "I am able" (δύναμαι, dynamai) emphasizes Jesus' authority and capability, echoing the biblical theme of God's omnipotence. This question challenges readers to consider their own faith in Jesus' power to transform their lives.

'Yes, Lord,' they answered
The blind men's response is a declaration of faith. The word "Yes" (ναί, nai) is an affirmation, while "Lord" (Κύριε, Kyrie) acknowledges Jesus' divine authority. Their answer reflects a recognition of Jesus not just as a healer but as the sovereign Lord. This confession is crucial, as it aligns with the biblical teaching that faith in Jesus' lordship is essential for receiving His blessings. Their response serves as an example of the kind of faith that pleases God—one that is both confident and submissive to His will.

Then He touched their eyes
In this phrase, the act of Jesus touching the eyes of the blind men is significant. The Greek word for "touched" is "haptomai," which implies a deliberate and compassionate action. In the cultural and historical context of the time, touch was a powerful means of conveying healing and blessing. Jesus' touch signifies His willingness to engage personally with those in need, breaking social norms that often marginalized the sick and disabled. This act of touching is a demonstration of His divine authority and compassion, emphasizing that physical contact with the divine brings restoration and healing.

and said
The phrase "and said" introduces the authoritative word of Jesus. In the biblical narrative, the spoken word of God is powerful and creative, as seen in the Genesis account of creation. Here, Jesus' words are not mere suggestions but carry the weight of divine command. The Greek word "eipen" is used, which is a simple past tense verb indicating a definitive statement. This highlights the certainty and immediacy of what Jesus is about to declare, underscoring the power of His spoken word in bringing about miraculous change.

According to your faith
This phrase is pivotal in understanding the relationship between faith and divine intervention. The Greek word for "faith" is "pistis," which denotes trust, belief, and confidence in God. Jesus acknowledges the faith of the blind men as the basis for their healing. This reflects a consistent biblical theme where faith is a prerequisite for receiving God's promises and blessings. It emphasizes personal responsibility in the spiritual journey, where one's faith opens the door to experiencing God's power. Historically, this underscores the transformative power of faith in the early Christian community, where belief in Jesus' ability to heal and save was central to the Christian experience.

will it be done to you
The phrase "will it be done to you" is a declaration of fulfillment. The Greek word "ginomai" is used here, which means "to become" or "to come into being." This indicates that the healing is not just a future promise but a present reality being actualized. Jesus' words bring about a change in the state of the blind men, transforming their condition from blindness to sight. This reflects the biblical principle that God's promises are not abstract but are realized in the lives of believers. The historical context of this statement would have resonated deeply with the early Christian audience, affirming that faith in Jesus results in tangible, life-changing outcomes.

And their eyes were opened
This phrase signifies the miraculous healing power of Jesus, who restores sight to the blind. In the Greek, the word for "opened" is "ἠνοίχθησαν" (ēnoichthēsan), which implies a divine action, as if a door to the physical and spiritual world has been unlocked. This act of opening is not just physical but also symbolic of spiritual enlightenment. In the context of the Gospel, Jesus often uses physical healing as a metaphor for spiritual awakening, suggesting that faith in Him leads to true sight and understanding.

Jesus warned them sternly
The Greek word for "warned sternly" is "ἐνεβριμήσατο" (enebrimēsato), which conveys a sense of strong emotion, often translated as a charge or command with intensity. This indicates the seriousness with which Jesus instructs the healed individuals. Historically, Jesus often instructed those He healed to remain silent about the miracles, possibly to avoid drawing premature attention to His messianic mission or to prevent misunderstandings about His purpose. This stern warning underscores the importance of obedience and discretion in the unfolding of God's plan.

See that no one finds out about this
This command reflects the "Messianic Secret," a theme in the Gospels where Jesus seeks to keep His identity and works concealed until the appointed time. The Greek phrase "Ὁρᾶτε μηδεὶς γινωσκέτω" (Horate mēdeis ginōsketō) translates to "See that no one knows." This instruction may seem counterintuitive, but it highlights Jesus' strategic approach to His ministry. By controlling the spread of information, Jesus ensures that His mission is not misunderstood or hindered by the political and social expectations of a messianic deliverer. This phrase invites believers to trust in God's timing and wisdom, even when it defies human logic.

But they went out
This phrase indicates a transition and a deliberate action taken by the individuals involved. The Greek word for "went out" is "ἐξῆλθον" (exēlthon), which implies a movement from one place to another, often with purpose or intent. In the context of this passage, it signifies the immediate response of those who had just experienced a miraculous event. Historically, this reflects the common practice of sharing news orally in ancient times, as written communication was less accessible. The act of going out suggests a sense of urgency and excitement, as they could not contain the news of what they had witnessed.

and spread the news
The Greek term used here is "διεφήμισαν" (diephēmisan), which means to make something widely known or to proclaim. This word choice emphasizes the active role the individuals took in ensuring that the information about Jesus reached as many people as possible. In a historical context, this reflects the oral tradition of the time, where news was spread by word of mouth. The spreading of news about Jesus' miracles was crucial in building His reputation and drawing people to His ministry. It highlights the power of personal testimony in the early Christian community.

about Him
The focus of the news being spread is Jesus Himself. The Greek pronoun "αὐτοῦ" (autou) is used here, pointing directly to Jesus as the subject of the news. This emphasizes that the miracles and teachings of Jesus were central to the message being shared. In a scriptural context, this aligns with the purpose of the Gospels, which is to reveal the identity and mission of Jesus Christ. The emphasis on "Him" underscores the personal relationship and encounter the individuals had with Jesus, which compelled them to share their experience with others.

throughout the land
The phrase "throughout the land" indicates the widespread nature of the news being shared. The Greek word "πάσῃ" (pasē) means "all" or "every," and "τῇ γῇ" (tē gē) refers to the land or region. This suggests that the news about Jesus was not confined to a small area but was disseminated broadly. Historically, this reflects the geographical spread of Jesus' influence during His ministry in Galilee and beyond. The phrase highlights the impact of Jesus' works and the growing awareness of His presence and power among the people. It serves as a reminder of the far-reaching effects of the Gospel message, which continues to spread across the world today.

As they were leaving
This phrase sets the scene and context for the miracle that is about to occur. The "they" refers to Jesus and His disciples, who were actively engaged in ministry. The phrase suggests a continuous movement and mission, emphasizing the itinerant nature of Jesus' ministry. Historically, this reflects the Jewish rabbinic tradition where teachers would travel with their disciples, spreading their teachings. It also highlights the urgency and dedication of Jesus' mission to reach as many people as possible.

a demon-possessed man
The term "demon-possessed" in the Greek is "daimonizomai," which indicates being under the control or influence of a demon. In the first-century Jewish context, demon possession was understood as a spiritual affliction that manifested in physical or mental symptoms. This reflects the broader biblical worldview that acknowledges the existence of spiritual warfare and the reality of evil forces. The presence of demon possession in the Gospels underscores the authority of Jesus over spiritual realms, affirming His divine power.

who was mute
The condition of muteness is significant in this context. In the ancient world, physical ailments were often attributed to spiritual causes, and muteness was sometimes seen as a result of demonic influence. The inability to speak would have been a severe social and religious handicap, as verbal communication was essential for participation in community and worship. This highlights the compassion of Jesus, who not only addresses the spiritual bondage but also restores the man's ability to engage fully in society and worship.

was brought to Him
The act of bringing the man to Jesus indicates the faith and initiative of those who brought him. It reflects the communal aspect of faith in the Gospels, where individuals often rely on the faith and actions of others to encounter Jesus. This phrase also underscores the accessibility of Jesus, who was approachable and willing to engage with those in need. It serves as an invitation for believers to bring others to Christ, trusting in His power to heal and restore.

And when the demon was driven out
The phrase "demon was driven out" indicates a spiritual authority exercised by Jesus. The Greek word for "demon" is "daimonion," which refers to an evil spirit or fallen angel. In the historical context of first-century Israel, demonic possession was understood as a significant spiritual affliction. Jesus' ability to drive out demons demonstrated His divine authority and power over the spiritual realm, affirming His identity as the Messiah. This act of exorcism was not just a physical healing but a spiritual liberation, showcasing the Kingdom of God breaking into the world.

the man who had been mute spoke
The miracle of the mute man speaking is a testament to the transformative power of Jesus' ministry. The Greek word for "mute" is "kophos," which can also mean deaf, indicating a broader healing of communication and understanding. In a historical and scriptural context, the ability to speak was often associated with the restoration of one's place in the community and the ability to praise God. This miracle fulfilled the prophetic expectations found in Isaiah 35:6, where the mute are prophesied to sing for joy, further confirming Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy.

The crowds were amazed
The reaction of the crowds, being "amazed," reflects the awe and wonder that accompanied Jesus' miraculous works. The Greek word "thaumazo" conveys a sense of marvel and astonishment. In the cultural and historical context of Israel, such miracles were unprecedented, and the people's amazement highlights the extraordinary nature of Jesus' ministry. This amazement often led to increased faith and curiosity about Jesus' identity and mission, drawing more people to witness His teachings and miracles.

and said, 'Nothing like this has ever been seen in Israel.'
This declaration by the crowds underscores the uniqueness of Jesus' ministry. The phrase "Nothing like this" emphasizes the unparalleled nature of Jesus' works compared to any previous prophets or leaders in Israel's history. The historical context of Israel was rich with prophetic figures, yet none had demonstrated the authority and power over the spiritual and physical realms as Jesus did. This statement serves as a recognition of Jesus' divine authority and the new era of God's Kingdom being inaugurated through His works. It also reflects the fulfillment of messianic expectations, as the people of Israel were witnessing the tangible presence of God's power and love in their midst.

But the Pharisees said
The Pharisees were a prominent religious group in Judaism during the time of Jesus. Known for their strict adherence to the Law and traditions, they often found themselves in opposition to Jesus' teachings and actions. The Greek word for "said" (εἶπαν) indicates a verbal expression of their thoughts, reflecting their skepticism and resistance to Jesus' authority. Historically, the Pharisees were influential in shaping Jewish religious life, and their opposition to Jesus highlights the tension between established religious norms and the new covenant Jesus was introducing.

It is by the prince of demons
The phrase "prince of demons" refers to Beelzebul, a name used for Satan or a chief demon. The Greek term "ἄρχων" (archon) means ruler or leader, indicating a position of authority among demonic forces. This accusation by the Pharisees is significant because it attributes Jesus' miraculous works to an evil source, rather than acknowledging His divine power. In the historical context, this reflects a common tactic of discrediting opponents by associating them with malevolent forces, a serious charge that reveals the depth of their misunderstanding and rejection of Jesus' mission.

that He drives out demons
The act of driving out demons, or exorcism, was a powerful demonstration of Jesus' authority over evil. The Greek word "ἐκβάλλει" (ekballei) means to cast out or expel, emphasizing the force and authority with which Jesus performed these miracles. In the scriptural context, Jesus' ability to cast out demons was a sign of the inbreaking of God's kingdom, showcasing His power over the spiritual realm. The Pharisees' refusal to recognize this divine authority underscores their spiritual blindness and unwillingness to accept Jesus as the Messiah. This phrase invites reflection on the nature of spiritual authority and the recognition of Jesus' divine mission in overcoming evil.

Jesus went through all the towns and villages
This phrase highlights the itinerant nature of Jesus' ministry. The Greek word for "went through" (περιῆλθεν, periēlthen) suggests a thorough and intentional journey. Jesus' mission was not confined to a single location but extended to all areas, emphasizing His accessibility and the universal scope of His message. Historically, towns and villages in Galilee were small and closely knit, making Jesus' visits significant for spreading His teachings widely. This reflects the heart of God, who desires that none should perish but that all should come to repentance (2 Peter 3:9).

teaching in their synagogues
The synagogue was the center of Jewish religious life, serving as a place for worship, education, and community gatherings. By teaching in synagogues, Jesus engaged with the Jewish community in a familiar setting, using the Scriptures to reveal His identity and mission. The Greek word for "teaching" (διδάσκων, didaskōn) implies a systematic and authoritative instruction. Jesus' teaching was not just informative but transformative, challenging the existing religious paradigms and pointing to the fulfillment of the Law and the Prophets in Himself.

preaching the gospel of the kingdom
The term "preaching" (κηρύσσων, kēryssōn) denotes a proclamation with authority, akin to a herald announcing a royal decree. The "gospel of the kingdom" refers to the good news of God's reign breaking into human history through Jesus Christ. This message was revolutionary, offering hope and salvation to all who would believe. The kingdom of God is a central theme in Jesus' ministry, emphasizing God's sovereign rule and the invitation to enter into a new covenant relationship with Him.

and healing every disease and sickness
The acts of healing demonstrate Jesus' compassion and His authority over physical and spiritual ailments. The Greek words for "disease" (νόσον, noson) and "sickness" (μαλακίαν, malakian) encompass a wide range of physical and mental afflictions. Jesus' healing ministry fulfilled Old Testament prophecies, such as Isaiah 53:4, which speaks of the Messiah bearing our infirmities. These miracles served as signs of the in-breaking kingdom, where wholeness and restoration are available to all. They also validated Jesus' identity as the Son of God, who has power over all creation.

When He saw the crowds
This phrase sets the scene for Jesus' interaction with the people. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδεν" (eiden), which implies not just a physical seeing but a deeper perception and understanding. Jesus' ability to see beyond the surface reflects His divine insight into the human condition. The "crowds" represent the masses of people who followed Jesus, seeking healing and teaching. Historically, these crowds were often composed of the marginalized and oppressed, those who were overlooked by the religious elite of the time.

He was moved with compassion
The Greek word for "compassion" is "σπλαγχνίζομαι" (splanchnizomai), which literally refers to being moved in one's inward parts or bowels, considered the seat of emotions in ancient times. This word indicates a deep, visceral response, showing that Jesus' compassion was not superficial but profound and heartfelt. In a conservative Christian perspective, this compassion is a reflection of God's love and mercy, demonstrating that Jesus, as God incarnate, is deeply concerned with the suffering and needs of humanity.

for them
This phrase personalizes Jesus' compassion, directing it specifically towards the people. It emphasizes the individual care and attention Jesus gives to each person. In the broader scriptural context, this reflects the personal nature of God's love, as seen throughout the Bible, where God knows and cares for each person individually.

because they were harassed and helpless
The Greek words "ἐσκυλμένοι" (eskulmenoi) and "ἐρριμμένοι" (errimmenoi) are used here. "Harassed" (eskulmenoi) can also mean troubled or distressed, suggesting that the people were burdened by life's challenges and the oppressive religious and social systems of the time. "Helpless" (errimmenoi) implies being thrown down or cast aside, indicating a lack of guidance and support. This description paints a picture of a people in desperate need of care and direction, highlighting the failure of the religious leaders to shepherd their flock properly.

like sheep without a shepherd
This simile draws on the rich biblical imagery of sheep and shepherds, common in both the Old and New Testaments. Sheep are often seen as vulnerable and in need of guidance, and a shepherd is one who provides protection, guidance, and care. The absence of a shepherd suggests a lack of leadership and care, pointing to the spiritual neglect by the religious leaders of Israel. In a conservative Christian view, Jesus is the Good Shepherd, fulfilling the prophetic promises of the Old Testament, such as in Ezekiel 34, where God promises to shepherd His people Himself. This imagery underscores Jesus' role as the divine shepherd who comes to lead, protect, and care for His flock.

Then He said to His disciples
This phrase sets the scene for a direct communication from Jesus to His closest followers, the disciples. The Greek word for "disciples" is "μαθηταί" (mathētai), which means learners or students. This indicates a relationship of teaching and learning, where Jesus, as the Rabbi, imparts wisdom and guidance. Historically, discipleship in the Jewish context involved a close, personal relationship with the teacher, emphasizing not just the transfer of knowledge but the modeling of a way of life. This phrase underscores the importance of Jesus' teachings and the intimate relationship He had with His disciples.

The harvest is plentiful
The term "harvest" in Greek is "θερισμός" (therismos), which refers to the act of reaping or gathering crops. In the agricultural society of ancient Israel, harvest time was a period of great activity and significance, symbolizing abundance and provision. Spiritually, Jesus uses this metaphor to describe the readiness and abundance of people who are prepared to receive the Gospel. The "plentiful" nature of the harvest suggests an overwhelming opportunity for spiritual growth and conversion, indicating that many are ready to hear and accept the message of Christ.

but the workers are few
The word "workers" comes from the Greek "ἐργάται" (ergatai), meaning laborers or those who toil. This highlights the need for active participation and effort in the mission of spreading the Gospel. The phrase "are few" points to a shortage or lack of sufficient laborers to meet the needs of the abundant harvest. Historically, this reflects the early Christian community's challenge in reaching the vast number of people who had not yet heard the message of Jesus. It serves as a call to action for believers to step into their roles as workers in God's kingdom, emphasizing the urgency and importance of evangelism.

Ask
The Greek word used here is "δεήθητε" (deēthēte), which implies a deep, earnest plea or prayer. This is not a casual request but a fervent appeal to God. In the context of the Christian life, it emphasizes the importance of prayer as a means of aligning our desires with God's will. The act of asking signifies dependence on God and acknowledges that the mission of spreading the Gospel is beyond human capability alone.

the Lord of the harvest
This phrase identifies God as the sovereign ruler over the spiritual harvest. The term "Lord" (κύριος, kyrios) denotes authority and ownership, while "harvest" (θερισμός, therismos) symbolizes the gathering of souls into the Kingdom of God. Historically, harvest time was a period of great importance and urgency, reflecting the critical nature of evangelism. Recognizing God as the Lord of the harvest reassures believers that He is in control and actively involved in the mission field.

therefore
The use of "therefore" (οὖν, oun) connects this verse to the preceding context, where Jesus observes the crowds and is moved with compassion because they are "harassed and helpless, like sheep without a shepherd" (Matthew 9:36, BSB). This conjunction serves as a call to action, urging believers to respond to the spiritual needs of the world with urgency and prayer.

to send out
The Greek word "ἐκβάλῃ" (ekbalē) means to thrust out or send forth with purpose. This conveys a sense of urgency and intentionality in deploying workers into the mission field. It suggests that the workers are not merely volunteers but are commissioned and empowered by God for a specific task. This reflects the Great Commission, where Jesus sends His disciples to make disciples of all nations (Matthew 28:19-20).

workers
The term "workers" (ἐργάτας, ergatas) refers to laborers or those who toil. In the context of the Gospel, these are individuals dedicated to spreading the message of Christ and nurturing the spiritual growth of others. Historically, this would include apostles, missionaries, pastors, and laypeople who contribute to the work of the Church. The emphasis is on active participation in God's mission.

into His harvest
The phrase "His harvest" underscores the ownership and initiative of God in the process of gathering souls. The harvest is not merely a human endeavor but a divine one, where God prepares the hearts of people to receive the Gospel. This highlights the partnership between divine sovereignty and human responsibility in evangelism. The imagery of harvest also suggests a time of fulfillment and joy, as the fruits of labor are gathered and celebrated.