Verse (Click for Chapter) New International Version The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out boldly. New Living Translation The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, so he chased after the people of Israel, who had left with fists raised in defiance. English Standard Version And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the people of Israel while the people of Israel were going out defiantly. Berean Standard Bible And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly. King James Bible And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with an high hand. New King James Version And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the children of Israel; and the children of Israel went out with boldness. New American Standard Bible So the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he chased after the sons of Israel as the sons of Israel were going out boldly. NASB 1995 The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he chased after the sons of Israel as the sons of Israel were going out boldly. NASB 1977 And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he chased after the sons of Israel as the sons of Israel were going out boldly. Legacy Standard Bible And Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, with strength, and he pursued the sons of Israel as the sons of Israel were going out with an exalted hand. Amplified Bible The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he pursued the Israelites, as they were leaving confidently and defiantly. Christian Standard Bible The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the Israelites, who were going out defiantly. Holman Christian Standard Bible The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the Israelites, who were going out triumphantly. American Standard Version And Jehovah hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: for the children of Israel went out with a high hand. Contemporary English Version The LORD made the king so stubborn that he went after them, while the Israelites proudly went on their way. English Revised Version And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel, for the children of Israel went out with an high hand. GOD'S WORD® Translation The LORD made Pharaoh (the king of Egypt) so stubborn that he pursued the Israelites, who were boldly leaving Egypt. Good News Translation The LORD made the king stubborn, and he pursued the Israelites, who were leaving triumphantly. International Standard Version The LORD made the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, stubborn, and he defiantly pursued the Israelis as they were leaving. Majority Standard Bible And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly. NET Bible But the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he chased after the Israelites. Now the Israelites were going out defiantly. New Heart English Bible And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel. And the children of Israel went out triumphantly. Webster's Bible Translation And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with a high hand. World English Bible Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued the children of Israel; for the children of Israel went out with a high hand. Literal Translations Literal Standard Versionand YHWH strengthens the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursues after the sons of Israel, and the sons of Israel are going out with a high hand, Young's Literal Translation and Jehovah strengtheneth the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursueth after the sons of Israel, and the sons of Israel are going out with a high hand, Smith's Literal Translation And Jehovah will bind fast the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he will pursue after the sons of Israel: and the sons of Israel went forth with a high hand. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleAnd the Lord hardened the heart of Pharao king of Egypt, and he pursued the children of Israel: but they were gone forth in a mighty hand. Catholic Public Domain Version And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and he pursued the sons of Israel. But they were taken away by an exalted hand. New American Bible The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt, so that he pursued the Israelites while they were going out in triumph. New Revised Standard Version The LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt and he pursued the Israelites, who were going out boldly. Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleAnd the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh, king of Egypt and he pursued the children of Israel; but the children of Israel had gone out victoriously. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated And LORD JEHOVAH hardened the heart of Pharaoh, the King of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel and the children of Israel went out by a high hand. OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel; for the children of Israel went out with a high hand. Brenton Septuagint Translation And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharao king of Egypt, and of his servants, and he pursued after the children of Israel; and the children of Israel went forth with a high hand. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible Context Pharaoh Pursues the Israelites…7He took 600 of the best chariots, and all the other chariots of Egypt, with officers over all of them. 8And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt so that he pursued the Israelites, who were marching out defiantly. 9The Egyptians—all Pharaoh’s horses and chariots, horsemen and troops—pursued the Israelites and overtook them as they camped by the sea near Pi-hahiroth, opposite Baal-zephon.… Cross References Romans 9:17-18 For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” / Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden. Hebrews 11:29 By faith the people passed through the Red Sea as on dry land; but when the Egyptians tried to follow, they were drowned. Joshua 24:6-7 When I brought your fathers out of Egypt and you reached the Red Sea, the Egyptians pursued them with chariots and horsemen as far as the Red Sea. / So your fathers cried out to the LORD, and He put darkness between you and the Egyptians, over whom He brought the sea and engulfed them. Your very eyes saw what I did to the Egyptians. Then you lived in the wilderness for a long time. Nehemiah 9:9-11 You saw the affliction of our fathers in Egypt; You heard their cry at the Red Sea. / You performed signs and wonders against Pharaoh, all his officials, and all the people of his land, for You knew they had acted with arrogance against our fathers. You made a name for Yourself that endures to this day. / You divided the sea before them, and they crossed through it on dry ground. You hurled their pursuers into the depths like a stone into raging waters. Psalm 106:7-11 Our fathers in Egypt did not grasp Your wonders or remember Your abundant kindness; but they rebelled by the sea, there at the Red Sea. / Yet He saved them for the sake of His name, to make His power known. / He rebuked the Red Sea, and it dried up; He led them through the depths as through a desert. ... Acts 7:36 He led them out and performed wonders and signs in the land of Egypt, at the Red Sea, and for forty years in the wilderness. 1 Corinthians 10:1-2 I do not want you to be unaware, brothers, that our forefathers were all under the cloud, and that they all passed through the sea. / They were all baptized into Moses in the cloud and in the sea. Deuteronomy 11:4 what He did to the Egyptian army and horses and chariots when He made the waters of the Red Sea engulf them as they pursued you, and how He destroyed them completely, even to this day; Psalm 136:13-15 He divided the Red Sea in two His loving devotion endures forever. / and led Israel through the midst, His loving devotion endures forever. / but swept Pharaoh and his army into the Red Sea. His loving devotion endures forever. Isaiah 63:11-13 Then His people remembered the days of old, the days of Moses. Where is He who brought them through the sea with the shepherds of His flock? Where is the One who set His Holy Spirit among them, / who sent His glorious arm to lead them by the right hand of Moses, who divided the waters before them to gain for Himself everlasting renown, / who led them through the depths like a horse in the wilderness, so that they did not stumble? Exodus 15:9-10 The enemy declared, ‘I will pursue, I will overtake. I will divide the spoils; I will gorge myself on them. I will draw my sword; my hand will destroy them.’ / But You blew with Your breath, and the sea covered them. They sank like lead in the mighty waters. Numbers 33:3-4 On the fifteenth day of the first month, on the day after the Passover, the Israelites set out from Rameses. They marched out defiantly in full view of all the Egyptians, / who were burying all their firstborn, whom the LORD had struck down among them; for the LORD had executed judgment against their gods. Deuteronomy 1:30 The LORD your God, who goes before you, will fight for you, just as you saw Him do for you in Egypt Judges 5:31 So may all Your enemies perish, O LORD! But may those who love You shine like the sun at its brightest.” And the land had rest for forty years. 2 Kings 17:7 All this happened because the people of Israel had sinned against the LORD their God, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt from under the hand of Pharaoh king of Egypt. They had worshiped other gods Treasury of Scripture And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he pursued after the children of Israel: and the children of Israel went out with an high hand. the Lord Exodus 14:4 And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that he shall follow after them; and I will be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon all his host; that the Egyptians may know that I am the LORD. And they did so. with an high hand Exodus 6:1 Then the LORD said unto Moses, Now shalt thou see what I will do to Pharaoh: for with a strong hand shall he let them go, and with a strong hand shall he drive them out of his land. Exodus 13:9,16,18 And it shall be for a sign unto thee upon thine hand, and for a memorial between thine eyes, that the LORD'S law may be in thy mouth: for with a strong hand hath the LORD brought thee out of Egypt… Numbers 33:3 And they departed from Rameses in the first month, on the fifteenth day of the first month; on the morrow after the passover the children of Israel went out with an high hand in the sight of all the Egyptians. Jump to Previous Boldly Chased Children Defiantly Egypt Forth Hand Hard Hardened Heart High Israel Israelites Marching Pharaoh Pursued Pursueth StrengthenethJump to Next Boldly Chased Children Defiantly Egypt Forth Hand Hard Hardened Heart High Israel Israelites Marching Pharaoh Pursued Pursueth StrengthenethExodus 14 1. God instructs the Israelites in their journey5. Pharaoh pursues after them 10. The Israelites murmur 13. Moses comforts them 15. God instructs Moses 19. The cloud removes behind the camp 21. The Israelites pass through the Red sea, which drowns the Egyptians And the LORD hardened the heart of Pharaoh king of Egypt The phrase "hardened the heart" is derived from the Hebrew word "חָזַק" (chazaq), which means to strengthen, make firm, or harden. In the context of Exodus, this hardening is a divine act that serves God's greater purpose. It is important to understand that this hardening is not God forcing Pharaoh to act against his will, but rather God allowing Pharaoh's own stubbornness to reach its full potential. This act demonstrates God's sovereignty and His ability to use even the rebellion of man to fulfill His divine plan. Historically, Pharaohs were seen as divine or semi-divine figures in Egyptian culture, and their hearts were considered the seat of wisdom and decision-making. By hardening Pharaoh's heart, God is showing His supremacy over the so-called divine ruler of Egypt. so that he pursued the Israelites who were marching out defiantly With an high hand--i.e., confidently, boldly, perhaps somewhat proudly, as having brought the Egyptians to entreat them to take their departure (Exodus 12:33). Verse 8. - The Children of Israel went out with a high hand - i.e., boldly and confidently, not as fugitives, but as men in the exercise of their just fights - perhaps with a certain amount of ostentation.Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew And the LORDיְהֹוָ֗ה (Yah·weh) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel hardened וַיְחַזֵּ֣ק (way·ḥaz·zêq) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 2388: To fasten upon, to seize, be strong, obstinate, to bind, restrain, conquer the heart לֵ֤ב (lêḇ) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 3820: The heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, centre of Pharaoh פַּרְעֹה֙ (par·‘ōh) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 6547: Pharaoh -- a title of Egypt kings king מֶ֣לֶךְ (me·leḵ) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 4428: A king of Egypt מִצְרַ֔יִם (miṣ·ra·yim) Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 4714: Egypt -- a son of Ham, also his descendants and their country in Northwest Africa so that he pursued וַיִּרְדֹּ֕ף (way·yir·dōp̄) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 7291: To pursue, chase, persecute the Israelites, בְּנֵ֣י (bə·nê) Noun - masculine plural construct Strong's 1121: A son who were marching out יֹצְאִ֖ים (yō·ṣə·’îm) Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural Strong's 3318: To go, bring, out, direct and proxim with fists בְּיָ֥ד (bə·yāḏ) Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular Strong's 3027: A hand raised [in defiance]. רָמָֽה׃ (rā·māh) Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine singular Strong's 7311: To be high actively, to rise, raise Links Exodus 14:8 NIVExodus 14:8 NLT Exodus 14:8 ESV Exodus 14:8 NASB Exodus 14:8 KJV Exodus 14:8 BibleApps.com Exodus 14:8 Biblia Paralela Exodus 14:8 Chinese Bible Exodus 14:8 French Bible Exodus 14:8 Catholic Bible OT Law: Exodus 14:8 Yahweh hardened the heart of Pharaoh king (Exo. 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