Revelation 18:13
New International Version
cargoes of cinnamon and spice, of incense, myrrh and frankincense, of wine and olive oil, of fine flour and wheat; cattle and sheep; horses and carriages; and human beings sold as slaves.

New Living Translation
She also bought cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, wheat, cattle, sheep, horses, wagons, and bodies—that is, human slaves.

English Standard Version
cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, frankincense, wine, oil, fine flour, wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and chariots, and slaves, that is, human souls.

Berean Standard Bible
of cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; of wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; of cattle, sheep, horses, and carriages; of bodies and souls of slaves.

Berean Literal Bible
and cinnamon, and spice, and incense, and myrrh, and frankincense; and wine, and oil, and finest flour, and wheat; and cattle, and sheep, and of horses, and of chariots; and of slaves and souls of men.

King James Bible
And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men.

New King James Version
and cinnamon and incense, fragrant oil and frankincense, wine and oil, fine flour and wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and chariots, and bodies and souls of men.

New American Standard Bible
cinnamon, spice, incense, perfume, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, wheat, cattle, sheep, and cargo of horses, carriages, slaves, and human lives.

NASB 1995
and cinnamon and spice and incense and perfume and frankincense and wine and olive oil and fine flour and wheat and cattle and sheep, and cargoes of horses and chariots and slaves and human lives.

NASB 1977
and cinnamon and spice and incense and perfume and frankincense and wine and olive oil and fine flour and wheat and cattle and sheep, and cargoes of horses and chariots and slaves and human lives.

Legacy Standard Bible
and cinnamon and amomum and incense and perfume and frankincense and wine and olive oil and fine flour and wheat and cattle and sheep, and cargo of horses and carriages and human beings and human lives.

Amplified Bible
and cinnamon and spices and incense and perfume and frankincense and wine and olive oil and fine flour and wheat; of cattle and sheep, and cargoes of horses and chariots and carriages; and of slaves and human lives.

Christian Standard Bible
cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; wine, olive oil, fine flour, and grain; cattle and sheep; horses and carriages; and slaves—human lives.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; wine, olive oil, fine wheat flour, and grain; cattle and sheep; horses and carriages; and slaves and human lives.

American Standard Version
and cinnamon, and spice, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep; and merchandise of horses and chariots and slaves; and souls of men.

Contemporary English Version
No one will buy their cinnamon, spices, incense, myrrh, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, wheat, cattle, sheep, horses, chariots, slaves, and other humans.

English Revised Version
and cinnamon, and spice, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep; and merchandise of horses and chariots and slaves; and souls of men.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
cinnamon, spices, incense, perfume, frankincense, wine, olive oil, flour, wheat, cattle, sheep, horses, wagons, slaves (that is, humans).

Good News Translation
and cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; wine and oil, flour and wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and carriages, slaves, and even human lives.

International Standard Version
cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, frankincense, wine, olive oil, flour, wheat, cattle, sheep, horses, chariots, and slaves (that is, human souls)—

Majority Standard Bible
of cinnamon, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; of wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; of cattle, sheep, horses, and carriages; of bodies and souls of slaves.

NET Bible
cinnamon, spice, incense, perfumed ointment, frankincense, wine, olive oil and costly flour, wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and four-wheeled carriages, slaves and human lives.

New Heart English Bible
and cinnamon, spice, incense, perfume, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, wheat, cattle, sheep, horses, chariots, slaves and human lives.

Webster's Bible Translation
And cinnamon, and odors, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men.

Weymouth New Testament
Also cinnamon and amomum; odors to burn as incense or for perfume; frankincense, wine, oil; fine flour, wheat, cattle and sheep; horses and carriages and slaves; and the lives of men.

World English Bible
and cinnamon, incense, perfume, frankincense, wine, olive oil, fine flour, wheat, sheep, horses, chariots, and people’s bodies and souls.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and cinnamon, and amomum, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep, and of horses, and of chariots, and of bodies and souls of men.

Berean Literal Bible
and cinnamon, and spice, and incense, and myrrh, and frankincense; and wine, and oil, and finest flour, and wheat; and cattle, and sheep, and of horses, and of chariots; and of slaves and souls of men.

Young's Literal Translation
and cinnamon, and odours, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep, and of horses, and of chariots, and of bodies and souls of men.

Smith's Literal Translation
And cinnamon, and perfumes, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and the finest wheat flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep, and of horses, and of chariots, and of bodies, and of souls of men,
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And cinnamon, and odours, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men.

Catholic Public Domain Version
and of cinnamon and black cardamom, and of fragrances and ointments and incense, and of wine and oil and fine flour and wheat, and of beasts of burden and sheep and horses and four-wheeled wagons, and of slaves and the souls of men.

New American Bible
cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; cattle and sheep, horses and chariots, and slaves, that is, human beings.

New Revised Standard Version
cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, frankincense, wine, olive oil, choice flour and wheat, cattle and sheep, horses and chariots, slaves—and human lives.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And cinnamon, and perfumes and spices and myrrh, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and hides, and slaves.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
Cinnamon, spices, ointments, frankincense, wine, oil, fine white flour, sheep, horses, chariots and the bodies and souls of the children of men.
NT Translations
Anderson New Testament
and cinnamon and amomum and incense, and ointment and frankincense, and wine and oil, and fine flour and wheat, and beasts and sheep, and horses and chariots, and bodies and souls of men.

Godbey New Testament
and cinnamon, and amomum, and incense, and myrrh, and libation, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and bodies and souls of men;

Haweis New Testament
and cinnamon, and perfumes, and myrrh, and libanum, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep, and of horses, and of chariots, and of bodies, and the souls of men.

Mace New Testament
nor their cinnamon, perfumes, essences, and frankincense; nor their wine, oil, fine flour, and wheat; their cattle, sheep, horses, and chariots; nor the servile souls of men.

Weymouth New Testament
Also cinnamon and amomum; odors to burn as incense or for perfume; frankincense, wine, oil; fine flour, wheat, cattle and sheep; horses and carriages and slaves; and the lives of men.

Worrell New Testament
and cinnamon, and spice, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep, and of horses, and of chariots, and of slaves, and souls of men.

Worsley New Testament
and their cinnamon, and perfumes, and sweet ointment, and incense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and cattle, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, yea and the souls of men.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Lament over Babylon
12cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; of fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble; 13 of cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; of wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; of cattle, sheep, horses, and chariots; of slaves and souls of men. 14And they will say: “The fruit of your soul’s desire has departed from you; all your luxury and splendor have vanished, never to be seen again.”…

Cross References
Ezekiel 27:12-25
Tarshish was your merchant because of your great wealth of goods; they exchanged silver, iron, tin, and lead for your wares. / Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your merchants. They exchanged slaves and bronze utensils for your merchandise. / The men of Beth-togarmah exchanged horses, war horses, and mules for your wares. ...

Isaiah 47:15
This is what they are to you—those with whom you have labored and traded from youth—each one strays in his own direction; not one of them can save you.

Jeremiah 51:7-9
Babylon was a gold cup in the hand of the LORD, making the whole earth drunk. The nations drank her wine; therefore the nations have gone mad. / Suddenly Babylon has fallen and been shattered. Wail for her; get her balm for her pain; perhaps she can be healed. / “We tried to heal Babylon, but she could not be healed. Abandon her! Let each of us go to his own land, for her judgment extends to the sky and reaches to the clouds.”

1 Kings 10:10-11
Then she gave the king 120 talents of gold, a great quantity of spices, and precious stones. Never again were spices in such abundance brought in as those the queen of Sheba gave to King Solomon. / (The fleet of Hiram that brought gold from Ophir also brought from Ophir a great cargo of almug wood and precious stones.

Isaiah 13:19
And Babylon, the jewel of the kingdoms, the glory of the pride of the Chaldeans, will be overthrown by God like Sodom and Gomorrah.

Jeremiah 50:37
A sword is against her horses and chariots and against all the foreigners in her midst, and they will become like women. A sword is against her treasuries, and they will be plundered.

Ezekiel 27:13
Javan, Tubal, and Meshech were your merchants. They exchanged slaves and bronze utensils for your merchandise.

Isaiah 23:8
Who planned this against Tyre, the bestower of crowns, whose traders are princes, whose merchants are renowned on the earth?

Jeremiah 25:10
Moreover, I will banish from them the sounds of joy and gladness, the voices of the bride and bridegroom, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the lamp.

Ezekiel 27:22
The merchants of Sheba and Raamah traded with you; for your wares they exchanged gold, the finest of all spices, and precious stones.

Isaiah 66:20
And they will bring all your brothers from all the nations as a gift to the LORD on horses and chariots and wagons, on mules and camels, to My holy mountain Jerusalem,” says the LORD, “just as the Israelites bring an offering in a clean vessel to the house of the LORD.”

1 Kings 10:22
For the king had the ships of Tarshish at sea with Hiram’s fleet, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.

Isaiah 2:16
against every ship of Tarshish, and against every stately vessel.

Jeremiah 10:9
Hammered silver is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz—the work of a craftsman from the hands of a goldsmith. Their clothes are blue and purple, all fashioned by skilled workers.

Ezekiel 27:33
When your wares went out to sea, you satisfied many nations. You enriched the kings of the earth with your abundant wealth and merchandise.


Treasury of Scripture

And cinnamon, and odors, and ointments, and frankincense, and wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat, and beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves, and souls of men.

cinnamon.

1 Kings 10:10,15,25
And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and of spices very great store, and precious stones: there came no more such abundance of spices as these which the queen of Sheba gave to king Solomon…

2 Chronicles 9:9
And she gave the king an hundred and twenty talents of gold, and of spices great abundance, and precious stones: neither was there any such spice as the queen of Sheba gave king Solomon.

Proverbs 7:17
I have perfumed my bed with myrrh, aloes, and cinnamon.

slaves.

Exodus 21:16
And he that stealeth a man, and selleth him, or if he be found in his hand, he shall surely be put to death.

Deuteronomy 24:7
If a man be found stealing any of his brethren of the children of Israel, and maketh merchandise of him, or selleth him; then that thief shall die; and thou shalt put evil away from among you.

Deuteronomy 28:68
And the LORD shall bring thee into Egypt again with ships, by the way whereof I spake unto thee, Thou shalt see it no more again: and there ye shall be sold unto your enemies for bondmen and bondwomen, and no man shall buy you.

and souls.

2 Peter 2:3
And through covetousness shall they with feigned words make merchandise of you: whose judgment now of a long time lingereth not, and their damnation slumbereth not.

Jump to Previous
Beasts Bodies Burn Carriages Cattle Chariots Cinnamon Crushed Fine Flour Frankincense Horses Human Incense Merchandise Myrrh Odors Odours Oil Ointment Ointments Olive People's Perfume Perfumes Plants Servants Sheep Slaves Souls Spice Sweet-Smelling Wheat Wine
Jump to Next
Beasts Bodies Burn Carriages Cattle Chariots Cinnamon Crushed Fine Flour Frankincense Horses Human Incense Merchandise Myrrh Odors Odours Oil Ointment Ointments Olive People's Perfume Perfumes Plants Servants Sheep Slaves Souls Spice Sweet-Smelling Wheat Wine
Revelation 18
1. Babylon is fallen.
4. People commanded to depart out of her.
9. The kings of the earth, with the merchants and mariners, lament over her.
20. The saints rejoice for the judgments of God upon her.














of cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense
This phrase lists luxurious goods that were highly valued in the ancient world. "Cinnamon" and "spice" were rare and costly, often imported from distant lands, symbolizing the opulence and indulgence of Babylon. "Incense" and "myrrh" were used in religious rituals, indicating the intertwining of commerce and false worship. "Frankincense" was a precious resin used in temple offerings, highlighting the misuse of sacred items for profit. The Greek word for incense, "thymiama," suggests a fragrant offering, which in this context, is corrupted by Babylon's greed.

of wine and olive oil
"Wine" and "olive oil" were staples in the Mediterranean diet, representing both sustenance and celebration. In the biblical context, wine often symbolizes joy and abundance, while olive oil signifies anointing and blessing. However, in Revelation 18, these goods are part of the lament over Babylon's fall, illustrating how even essential and blessed items are tainted by excessive luxury and exploitation.

of fine flour and wheat
"Fine flour" and "wheat" are basic foodstuffs, essential for daily life. Their mention here underscores the comprehensive nature of Babylon's trade, encompassing both luxury and necessity. The Greek term for wheat, "sitos," emphasizes the fundamental sustenance that Babylon controlled, reflecting its economic dominance and the resulting moral corruption.

of cattle and sheep
"Cattle" and "sheep" were vital to the agrarian economy, providing meat, milk, and wool. Their inclusion in this list highlights the extensive reach of Babylon's commerce, affecting all aspects of life. Biblically, sheep often symbolize God's people, and the misuse of such resources points to the exploitation and oppression inherent in Babylon's system.

of horses and chariots
"Horses" and "chariots" represent power and military might. In ancient times, they were symbols of strength and conquest. The Greek word for chariot, "harma," suggests a vehicle of war, indicating Babylon's reliance on force and domination. This phrase underscores the militaristic and oppressive nature of Babylon's rule, contrasting with the peace and justice of God's kingdom.

of slaves and souls of men
This phrase starkly reveals the dehumanizing aspect of Babylon's trade. "Slaves" were considered property, and their mention here highlights the moral decay and exploitation at the heart of Babylon's economy. The phrase "souls of men" goes deeper, indicating not just physical enslavement but also spiritual bondage. The Greek word "psychas" for souls suggests the inner life and essence of a person, emphasizing the profound violation of human dignity and freedom. This serves as a powerful indictment of Babylon's corrupt system, which values profit over people, contrasting sharply with the biblical call to love and serve one another.

Verse 13. - And cinnamon, and odours, and ointments, and frankincense; and cinnamon, and amomon, and incense, and ointment, and frankincense. These constitute the third class (see on ver. 12). Cinnamon, an Indian tree, was in use in the Levitical ritual (Exodus 30:23). It is referred to as a perfume in Proverbs 7:17. Amomon, which is emitted in the Textus Receptus, is found in א, A, C. P, etc. It is rendered in the Revised Version by "spice." Its use was similar to that of cinnamon. Its seeds are used under the name "cardamoms." And wine, and oil, and fine flour, and wheat. These form the fourth class (see on ver. 12; cf. Leviticus 2:1, 2). And beasts, and sheep, and horses, and chariots, and slaves; and cattle, etc. The word rendered "slaves" is σωμάτων, "bodies," i.e. slaves. At the word "horses" the nouns are again placed in the genitive (see on ver. 12). These form the fifth class (see on ver. 12). "Chariots," δέδη, is not the word used in Revelation 9:9. It is a word probably of Gaulish origin. And souls of men. The accusative again. Not in the ordinary acceptation of the word "souls," but rather "lives of men," as the Revised Version margin; that is, "living men." It is probable that the two expressions, "bodies" (vide supra) and "souls of men," refer to two classes of slaves.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Greek
of cinnamon,
κιννάμωμον (kinnamōmon)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Strong's 2792: (a Semitic word) cinnamon. Of foreign origin; cinnamon.

spice,
ἄμωμον (amōmon)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Strong's 299: Blameless, without blemish, unblemished, faultless. Unblemished.

incense,
θυμιάματα (thymiamata)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural
Strong's 2368: Incense. From thumiao; an aroma, i.e. Fragrant powder burnt in religious service; by implication, the burning itself.

myrrh,
μύρον (myron)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Strong's 3464: Anointing-oil, ointment. Probably of foreign origin; 'myrrh', i.e. perfumed oil.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

frankincense;
λίβανον (libanon)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Strong's 3030: (Semitic word), frankincense, incense. Of foreign origin; the incense-tree, i.e. incense itself.

of wine,
οἶνον (oinon)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Strong's 3631: Wine. A primary word (yayin); 'wine'.

olive oil,
ἔλαιον (elaion)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Singular
Strong's 1637: Olive oil, oil. Neuter of the same as elaia; olive oil.

fine flour,
σεμίδαλιν (semidalin)
Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Strong's 4585: The finest wheaten flour. Probably of foreign origin; fine wheaten flour.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

wheat;
σῖτον (siton)
Noun - Accusative Masculine Singular
Strong's 4621: Wheat, grain. Also plural irregular neuter sita of uncertain derivation; grain, especially wheat.

of cattle,
κτήνη (ktēnē)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural
Strong's 2934: From ktaomai; property, i.e. a domestic animal.

sheep,
πρόβατα (probata)
Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural
Strong's 4263: A sheep. Probably neuter of a presumed derivative of probaino; something that walks forward, i.e., a sheep.

horses,
ἵππων (hippōn)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural
Strong's 2462: A horse. Of uncertain affinity; a horse.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

chariots;
ῥεδῶν (rhedōn)
Noun - Genitive Feminine Plural
Strong's 4480: A chariot. Of Latin origin; a rheda, i.e. Four-wheeled carriage.

of slaves
σωμάτων (sōmatōn)
Noun - Genitive Neuter Plural
Strong's 4983: Body, flesh; the body of the Church. From sozo; the body, used in a very wide application, literally or figuratively.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

souls
ψυχὰς (psychas)
Noun - Accusative Feminine Plural
Strong's 5590: From psucho; breath, i.e. spirit, abstractly or concretely.

of men.
ἀνθρώπων (anthrōpōn)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Plural
Strong's 444: A man, one of the human race. From aner and ops; man-faced, i.e. A human being.


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NT Prophecy: Revelation 18:13 And cinnamon incense perfume frankincense wine olive (Rev. Re Apocalypse)
Revelation 18:12
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