Jump to: Smith's • ATS • ISBE • Easton's • Webster's • Concordance • Thesaurus • Greek • Hebrew • Library • Subtopics • Terms Topical Encyclopedia In the biblical context, the concept of a "month" is integral to the understanding of time, seasons, and religious observances. The Hebrew calendar, which is primarily lunar, plays a significant role in the timing of various events and festivals described in the Bible.Hebrew Calendar and Months The Hebrew calendar is based on lunar cycles, with each month beginning with the new moon. This calendar consists of 12 months, with a 13th month added periodically to align the lunar year with the solar year. The months are as follows: Nisan, Iyar, Sivan, Tammuz, Av, Elul, Tishri, Cheshvan, Kislev, Tevet, Shevat, and Adar. The intercalary month is known as Adar II. Biblical References to Months The Bible frequently references months in relation to significant events and religious observances. For example, the month of Nisan is particularly important as it marks the beginning of the religious year and the celebration of Passover. In Exodus 12:2 , God instructs Moses and Aaron, "This month is to be the beginning of months for you; it is the first month of your year." The month of Tishri is notable for the observance of the Feast of Trumpets, the Day of Atonement, and the Feast of Tabernacles. Leviticus 23:24 states, "Speak to the Israelites and say, 'On the first day of the seventh month you are to have a day of rest, a sacred assembly announced by trumpet blasts.'" Significance of Months in Prophecy and History Months are also significant in biblical prophecy and historical accounts. The prophet Zechariah mentions the fasts of the fourth, fifth, seventh, and tenth months in Zechariah 8:19 : "This is what the LORD of Hosts says: 'The fasts of the fourth, fifth, seventh, and tenth months will become joyful and glad occasions and happy festivals for the house of Judah. Therefore, love truth and peace.'" In the historical narrative, the timing of events is often marked by the month. For instance, in the book of Esther, the casting of lots (Purim) occurs in the month of Adar, as described in Esther 3:7 : "In the twelfth year of King Xerxes, in the first month, the month of Nisan, the Pur (that is, the lot) was cast in the presence of Haman to select a day and month. And the lot fell on the twelfth month, the month of Adar." Symbolism and Theological Implications The use of months in the Bible often carries symbolic and theological implications. The cycle of months reflects God's order and sovereignty over time. The observance of months and their associated festivals serves as a reminder of God's covenantal relationship with His people and His acts of salvation throughout history. In the New Testament, the concept of time, including months, is seen in the context of God's redemptive plan. Galatians 4:10 addresses the observance of days and months: "You are observing special days and months and seasons and years!" This highlights the transition from the old covenant to the new covenant in Christ, where the focus shifts from ritual observance to the fulfillment of the law through faith in Jesus. Overall, the biblical understanding of months is deeply intertwined with the religious, historical, and prophetic dimensions of Scripture, reflecting the rhythm of life and worship in the Judeo-Christian tradition. Smith's Bible Dictionary MonthFrom the time of the institution of the Mosaic law downward the religious feasts commencing with the passover depended not simply on the month, but on the moon; the 14th of Abib was coincident with the full moon; and the new moons themselves were the occasions of regular festivals. (Numbers 10:10; 28:11-14) The commencement of the month was generally decided by observation of the new moon. The usual number of months in a year was twelve, as implied in (1 Kings 4:7; 1 Chronicles 27:1-15) but since twelve lunar months would make but 354 1/2 days, the years would be short twelve days of the short twelve days of the true year, and therefore it follows as a matter of course that an additional month must have been inserted about every third year, which would bring the number up to thirteen. No notice, however, is taken of this month in the Bible. In the modern Jewish calendar the intercalary month is introduced seven times in every nineteen years. The usual method of designating the months was by their numerical order, e.g. "the second month," (Genesis 7:11) "the fourth month," (2 Kings 25:3) and this was generally retained even when the names were given, e.g. "in the month Zif, which is the second month." (1 Kings 6:1) The names of the months belong to two distinct periods. In the first place we have those peculiar to the period of Jewish independence, of which four only, even including Abib, which we hardly regard as a proper name are mentioned, viz.: Abib, in which the passover fell, (Exodus 13:4; 23:15; 34:18; 16:1) and which was established as the first month in commemoration of the exodus, (Exodus 12:2) Zif, the second month, (1 Kings 6:1,37) Bul, the eighth, (1 Kings 6:38) and Ethanim, the seventh. (1 Kings 6:38) and Ethanim, the seventh. (1 Kings 8:2) In the second place we have the names which prevailed subsequent to the Babylonish captivity; of these the following seven appear in the Bible: Nisan, the first, in which the passover was held, (Nehemiah 2:1; Esther 3:7) Sivan, the third (Esther 8:9) Bar. 1:8; Elul, the sixth, (Nehemiah 6:15) 1 Macc. 14:27; Chisleu, the ninth, (Nehemiah 1:1; Zechariah 7:1) 1 Macc. 1:54; Tebeth, the tenth, (Esther 2:16) Sebat, the eleventh, (Zechariah 1:7) 1 Macc. 16:14; and Adar, the twelfth. (Esther 3:7; 8:1) 2 Macc. 15:36. The names of the remaining five occur int he Talmud and other works; they were, Iyar, the second, Targum; (2 Chronicles 30:2) Tammuz, the fourth; Ab, the fifth; Tisri, the seventh; and Marcheshvan, the eighth. The name of the intercalary month was Ve-adar, i.e. the additional Adar. The identification of the jewish months with our own cannot be effected with precision on account of the variations that must inevitably exist between the lunar and the solar month. Nisan (or Abib) answers to March; Zif or Iyar to May; Sivan to June; Tammuz to July; Ab to August; Elul to September; Ethanim or Tisri to October; Bul or Marcheshvan to November; Chisleu to December; Tebeth to January; Sebat to February; and Adar to March. ATS Bible Dictionary MonthThe Hebrews months were lunar months, that is, from one new moon to another. These lunar months were each reckoned at twenty-nine days and a half; or rather, one was of thirty days, the following of twenty-nine, and so on alternately: that which had thirty days was called a full or complete month; that which had but twenty-nine days was called incomplete. The new moon was always the beginning of the month and this day they called new-moon day, or new month. The Hebrews usually designated the months only as first, second, etc.; and the names by which they are now known are believed to be of Persian origin, and to have been adopted by the Jews during the captivity. At the exodus from Egypt, which occurred in April, God ordained that that month-the seventh of the civil year'should be the first of the sacred year, according to which the religious festivals were to be reckoned; and from that time both these modes of numbering the months continued to be employed. As the Jewish months were governed by the moon, while ours entirely disregard it, the two systems cannot wholly coincide. It is generally agreed, however, that their month Nisan answers most nearly to our April, Iyar to our May, etc. Twelve lunar months making but three hundred and fifty-four days and six hours, the Jewish year was short of the Roman by twelve days. To recover the equinoctial points, from which this difference of the solar and lunar year would separate the new moon of the first month, the Jews every three years intercalated a thirteenth month, which they called Veadar, the second Adar. By this means their lunar year nearly equaled the solar. See YEAR. Easton's Bible Dictionary Among the Egyptians the month of thirty days each was in use long before the time of the Exodus, and formed the basis of their calculations. From the time of the institution of the Mosaic law the month among the Jews was lunar. The cycle of religious feasts depended on the moon. The commencement of a month was determined by the observation of the new moon. The number of months in the year was usually twelve (1 Kings 4:7; 1 Chronicles 27:1-15); but every third year an additional month (ve-Adar) was inserted, so as to make the months coincide with the seasons."The Hebrews and Phoenicians had no word for month save 'moon,' and only saved their calendar from becoming vague like that of the Moslems by the interpolation of an additional month. There is no evidence at all that they ever used a true solar year such as the Egyptians possessed. The latter had twelve months of thirty days and five epagomenac or odd days.", Palestine Quarterly, January 1889. Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary (n.) One of the twelve portions into which the year is divided; the twelfth part of a year, corresponding nearly to the length of a synodic revolution of the moon, -- whence the name. In popular use, a period of four weeks is often called a month.International Standard Bible Encyclopedia MONTHmunth (chodhesh, yerach; men): Chodhesh is strictly the "new moon," the appearance of which marked the beginning of the month, commonly indicated by ro'sh ha-chodhesh. Yerach is derived from yareach, "moon," which comes from the verb that means "to wander," "to make a circuit." Thus the month was lunar, the period of the moon's circuit. The Greek men also meant "moon," from the Sanskrit ma, "to measure," the Latin mensis and our "moon" being derived from the same root. Greek 3376. men -- a month ... men. 3377 . a month. Part of Speech: Noun, Masculine Transliteration: men Phonetic Spelling: (mane) Short Definition: a month Definition: a (lunar) month. ... //strongsnumbers.com/greek2/3376.htm - 6k 3561. noumenia -- new moon. 4808. suke -- a fig tree Strong's Hebrew 2320. chodesh -- new moon, a month... 2319, 2320. chodesh. 2321 . new moon, a month. Transliteration: chodesh Phonetic Spelling: (kho'-desh) Short Definition: month. ... /hebrew/2320.htm - 6k 3393. yerach -- month 3391. yerach -- month 388. Ethanim -- (month of) "steady flowings," the seventh month in ... 3691. Kislev -- the ninth month of the Jewish calendar 24. abib -- fresh, young ears, also Canaanite name for the first ... 2887. Tebeth -- tenth Heb. month 5510. Sivan -- third month of the Jewish year 7627. Shebat -- eleventh month in the Jewish calendar 945. Bul -- the eighth month of the Jewish calendar Library The True Vine: Meditations for a Month on John 15:1-16 This is the Month which Brings all Manner of Joy Before the End of the Month, Ruby had Got Respectably Thin... (On the Fast of Seventh Month, V. ) 1St Day of Month. Pardoning Grace. A Relation of My Imprisonment in the Month of November 1660 Table Showing the Roman Method of Counting the Days of the Month. Fragment v. --That up to the Time of the Destruction of Jerusalem ... There Is, Then, in the First Year, the New Moon of the First Month ... On the Fast of the Ten Month, viii. Thesaurus Month (197 Occurrences)... Among the Egyptians the month of thirty days each was in use long before the time of the Exodus, and formed the basis of their calculations. ... /m/month.htm - 44k Month's (1 Occurrence) Adar (10 Occurrences) Thirteenth (12 Occurrences) Twelfth (20 Occurrences) Eleventh (19 Occurrences) Purim (5 Occurrences) Fifteenth (18 Occurrences) Fourteenth (25 Occurrences) Abib (5 Occurrences) Resources What is the structure of the Jewish calendar? | GotQuestions.orgWhat is Ramadan? | GotQuestions.org How can I show appreciation to my pastor? | GotQuestions.org Month: Dictionary and Thesaurus | Clyx.com Bible Concordance • Bible Dictionary • Bible Encyclopedia • Topical Bible • Bible Thesuarus Concordance Month (197 Occurrences)Luke 1:26 Luke 1:36 Revelation 9:15 Revelation 22:2 Genesis 7:11 Genesis 8:4 Genesis 8:5 Genesis 8:13 Genesis 8:14 Genesis 29:14 Exodus 12:2 Exodus 12:3 Exodus 12:6 Exodus 12:18 Exodus 13:4 Exodus 13:5 Exodus 16:1 Exodus 19:1 Exodus 23:15 Exodus 34:18 Exodus 40:2 Exodus 40:17 Leviticus 16:29 Leviticus 23:5 Leviticus 23:6 Leviticus 23:24 Leviticus 23:27 Leviticus 23:32 Leviticus 23:34 Leviticus 23:39 Leviticus 23:41 Leviticus 25:9 Leviticus 27:6 Numbers 1:1 Numbers 1:18 Numbers 3:15 Numbers 3:22 Numbers 3:28 Numbers 3:34 Numbers 3:39 Numbers 3:40 Numbers 3:43 Numbers 9:1 Numbers 9:3 Numbers 9:5 Numbers 9:11 Numbers 9:22 Numbers 10:10 Numbers 10:11 Numbers 11:20 Numbers 11:21 Numbers 18:16 Numbers 20:1 Numbers 26:62 Numbers 28:11 Numbers 28:14 Numbers 28:16 Numbers 28:17 Numbers 29:1 Numbers 29:6 Numbers 29:7 Numbers 29:12 Numbers 33:3 Numbers 33:38 Deuteronomy 1:3 Deuteronomy 16:1 Deuteronomy 21:13 Joshua 4:19 Joshua 5:10 1 Samuel 11:1 1 Samuel 20:27 1 Samuel 20:34 1 Kings 4:7 1 Kings 4:27 1 Kings 5:14 1 Kings 6:1 1 Kings 6:37 1 Kings 6:38 1 Kings 8:2 1 Kings 12:32 1 Kings 12:33 2 Kings 15:13 2 Kings 25:1 2 Kings 25:3 2 Kings 25:8 2 Kings 25:25 2 Kings 25:27 1 Chronicles 12:15 1 Chronicles 27:1 1 Chronicles 27:2 1 Chronicles 27:3 1 Chronicles 27:4 1 Chronicles 27:5 1 Chronicles 27:7 1 Chronicles 27:8 1 Chronicles 27:9 1 Chronicles 27:10 1 Chronicles 27:11 1 Chronicles 27:12 1 Chronicles 27:13 Subtopics Month: (Number Only Mentioned): Aaron Died on the First Day of Month: (Number Only Mentioned): Ezra Arrived at Jerusalem In Month: (Number Only Mentioned): Temple Destroyed In Month: (The Number Only Appears in the Bible): Jerusalem Taken by Nebuchadnezzar In Month: Abib (April): After the Captivity Called Nisan Month: Abib (April): Decree to Put the Jews to Death In Month: Abib (April): Israelites Arrive at Zin In Month: Abib (April): Israelites Left Egypt In Month: Abib (April): Passover Instituted and Celebrated In Month: Abib (April): Tabernacle Set up In Month: Abib (April): The Death of Jesus In Month: Abib (April): The Israelites Cross the Jordan River In Month: Abib (April): The Jewish Calendar Began With Month: Abib (April): The Jordan River Overflows In Month: Adar (March): Feast of Purim In Month: Adar (March): Months in Prophecy Month: Adar (March): Second Temple Finished In Month: Bul (November): Jeroboam's Idolatrous Feast In Month: Bul (November): The Temple Finished In Month: Elul (September): The Temple Built In Month: Elul (September): The Wall of Jerusalem Finished In Month: Ethanim (October): Altar Rebuilt and offerings Renewed In Month: Ethanim (October): Feasts Held In Month: Ethanim (October): Jubilee Proclaimed In Month: Ethanim (October): Solomon's Temple Dedicated In Month: Passover to be Observed In Month: Sebat (February): Moses Probably Died In Month: Sivan: (June): Asa Renews the Covenant of Himself and People In Month: Tebeth (January): Nebuchadnezzar Besieges Jerusalem In Month: Twelve Months Reckoned to a Year Month: Zif (May): An Celebrated In Month: Zif (May): Israel Departed from the Wilderness of Zin In Month: Zif (May): Israel Numbered In Month: Zif (May): Rebuilding of the Temple Begun In Month: Zif (May): Temple Begun In Related Terms Twenty-seventh (6 Occurrences) |