1 Kings 4:7
New International Version
Solomon had twelve district governors over all Israel, who supplied provisions for the king and the royal household. Each one had to provide supplies for one month in the year.

New Living Translation
Solomon also had twelve district governors who were over all Israel. They were responsible for providing food for the king’s household. Each of them arranged provisions for one month of the year.

English Standard Version
Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, who provided food for the king and his household. Each man had to make provision for one month in the year.

Berean Standard Bible
Solomon had twelve governors over all Israel to provide food for the king and his household. Each one would arrange provisions for one month of the year,

King James Bible
And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, which provided victuals for the king and his household: each man his month in a year made provision.

New King James Version
And Solomon had twelve governors over all Israel, who provided food for the king and his household; each one made provision for one month of the year.

New American Standard Bible
Solomon had twelve deputies over all Israel, who provided food for the king and his household; each deputy had to provide food for a month in the year.

NASB 1995
Solomon had twelve deputies over all Israel, who provided for the king and his household; each man had to provide for a month in the year.

NASB 1977
And Solomon had twelve deputies over all Israel, who provided for the king and his household; each man had to provide for a month in the year.

Legacy Standard Bible
Now Solomon had twelve deputies over all Israel, who sustained the king and his household; each man had to sustain them for a month in the year.

Amplified Bible
Solomon had twelve deputies over all Israel, who secured provisions for the king and his household; each man had to provide for a month in the year.

Christian Standard Bible
Solomon had twelve deputies for all Israel. They provided food for the king and his household; each one made provision for one month out of the year.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Solomon had 12 deputies for all Israel. They provided food for the king and his household; each one made provision for one month out of the year.

American Standard Version
And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, who provided victuals for the king and his household: each man had to make provision for a month in the year.

Contemporary English Version
Solomon chose twelve regional officers, who took turns bringing food for him and his household. Each officer provided food from his region for one month of the year.

English Revised Version
And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, which provided victuals for the king and his household: each man had to make provision for a month in the year:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Solomon appointed 12 district governors in Israel. They were to provide food for the king and his palace. Each one had to supply food for one month every year.

Good News Translation
Solomon appointed twelve men as district governors in Israel. They were to provide food from their districts for the king and his household, each man being responsible for one month out of the year.

International Standard Version
Solomon also appointed twelve governors over all of Israel, each of whom were responsible for providing one month's food provisions to the king and to his administration during each year.

Majority Standard Bible
Solomon had twelve governors over all Israel to provide food for the king and his household. Each one would arrange provisions for one month of the year,

NET Bible
Solomon had twelve district governors appointed throughout Israel who acquired supplies for the king and his palace. Each was responsible for one month in the year.

New Heart English Bible
Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, who provided food for the king and his household: each man had to make provision for a month in the year.

Webster's Bible Translation
And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, who provided victuals for the king and his household: each man his month in a year made provision.

World English Bible
Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, who provided food for the king and his household. Each man had to make provision for a month in the year.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And Solomon has twelve officers over all Israel, and they have sustained the king and his household—a month in the year is on each one for sustenance;

Young's Literal Translation
And Solomon hath twelve officers over all Israel, and they have sustained the king and his household -- a month in the year is on each one for sustenance;

Smith's Literal Translation
And to Solomon, twelve, set over all Israel, and they furnished the king and his house: a month in the year will be for one to furnish.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And Solomon had twelve governors over all Israel, who provided victuals for the king and for his household: for every one provided necessaries, each man his month in the year.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And Solomon had twelve commanders over all of Israel, who offered yearly provisions for the king and his house. For each was ministering the necessities, by each month of the year.

New American Bible
Solomon had twelve governors over all Israel who supplied food for the king and his household, each having to provide for one month in the year.

New Revised Standard Version
Solomon had twelve officials over all Israel, who provided food for the king and his household; each one had to make provision for one month in the year.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And Solomon had twelve governors over all Israel, who provided food for the king and his household and for the army; each month of the year it fell on one of them to supply provisions.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And for Solomon these twelve Governors over all Israel, and they nourished the King and his household, and the army, a month in a year, one for each to supply food.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, who provided victuals for the king and his household: each man had to make provision for a month in the year.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, to provide for the king and his household; each one's turn came to supply for a month in the year.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Solomon's Twelve Officers
7Solomon had twelve governors over all Israel to provide food for the king and his household. Each one would arrange provisions for one month of the year, 8and these were their names: Ben-hur in the hill country of Ephraim;…

Cross References
1 Kings 9:23
They were also the chief officers over Solomon’s projects: 550 supervisors over the people who did the work.

1 Kings 12:4
“Your father put a heavy yoke on us. But now you must lighten the burden of your father’s service and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”

1 Kings 5:16
not including his 3,300 foremen who supervised the workers.

1 Kings 10:15
not including the revenue from the merchants, traders, and all the Arabian kings and governors of the land.

2 Chronicles 8:10
They were also the chief officers for King Solomon: 250 supervisors.

2 Chronicles 10:4
“Your father put a heavy yoke on us. But now you must lighten the burden of your father’s service and the heavy yoke he put on us, and we will serve you.”

2 Chronicles 9:14
not including the revenue from the merchants and traders. And all the Arabian kings and governors of the land also brought gold and silver to Solomon.

Nehemiah 5:15
The governors before me had heavily burdened the people, taking from them bread and wine plus forty shekels of silver. Their servants also oppressed the people. But I did not do this, because of my fear of God.

Matthew 20:25-28
But Jesus called them aside and said, “You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their superiors exercise authority over them. / It shall not be this way among you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, / and whoever wants to be first among you must be your slave— ...

Mark 10:42-45
So Jesus called them together and said, “You know that those regarded as rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their superiors exercise authority over them. / But it shall not be this way among you. Instead, whoever wants to become great among you must be your servant, / and whoever wants to be first must be the slave of all. ...

Luke 22:25-27
So Jesus declared, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them, and those in authority over them call themselves benefactors. / But you shall not be like them. Instead, the greatest among you should be like the youngest, and the one who leads like the one who serves. / For who is greater, the one who reclines at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines? But I am among you as one who serves.

Acts 6:1-3
In those days when the disciples were increasing in number, the Grecian Jews among them began to grumble against the Hebraic Jews because their widows were being overlooked in the daily distribution of food. / So the Twelve summoned all the disciples and said, “It is unacceptable for us to neglect the word of God in order to wait on tables. / Therefore, brothers, select from among you seven men confirmed to be full of the Spirit and wisdom. We will assign this responsibility to them

Romans 13:1-7
Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God. / Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. / For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Do you want to be unafraid of the one in authority? Then do what is right, and you will have his approval. ...

1 Corinthians 12:28
And in the church God has appointed first of all apostles, second prophets, third teachers, then workers of miracles, and those with gifts of healing, helping, administration, and various tongues.

Ephesians 4:11-12
And it was He who gave some to be apostles, some to be prophets, some to be evangelists, and some to be pastors and teachers, / to equip the saints for works of ministry and to build up the body of Christ,


Treasury of Scripture

And Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel, which provided victuals for the king and his household: each man his month in a year made provision.

each man

1 Chronicles 27:1-15
Now the children of Israel after their number, to wit, the chief fathers and captains of thousands and hundreds, and their officers that served the king in any matter of the courses, which came in and went out month by month throughout all the months of the year, of every course were twenty and four thousand…

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Deputies District Food Governors House Household Israel Month Needed Officers Overseers Provide Provided Provision Provisions Responsible Royal Solomon Stores Supplied Sustained Twelve Victuals
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1 Kings 4
1. Solomon's princes
7. His twelve officers for provision
20. The peace and largeness of his kingdom
22. His daily provision
26. His stable
29. His wisdom














Solomon
The name Solomon is derived from the Hebrew word "Shlomo," which is related to "shalom," meaning peace. Solomon's reign is often characterized by peace and prosperity, a fulfillment of God's promise to David that his son would build the temple and reign in peace. Solomon's wisdom and leadership are central themes in the narrative of his kingship, reflecting God's blessing and the fulfillment of His covenant with David.

had twelve governors
The number twelve is significant in the biblical context, often representing completeness or the people of Israel, as seen in the twelve tribes. These governors, or "natsab" in Hebrew, were officials appointed by Solomon to oversee the administrative and logistical needs of the kingdom. This system of governance reflects Solomon's wisdom in organizing and managing the vast resources and people of Israel, ensuring efficient administration and provision for the royal household.

over all Israel
This phrase emphasizes the unity and extent of Solomon's rule. Unlike his father David, who spent much of his reign consolidating power, Solomon inherited a unified kingdom. His governance over "all Israel" signifies the fulfillment of God's promise to establish a strong and united nation under a wise and godly king. It also highlights the centralization of power and the establishment of a structured government.

who provided food for the king and his household
The provision of food was a significant responsibility, indicating the wealth and prosperity of Solomon's reign. The Hebrew word "kalkalah" suggests not just food, but sustenance and support, reflecting the abundance and careful management of resources. This provision underscores the importance of hospitality and care in leadership, as well as the logistical complexity of maintaining a royal court.

Each one made provision for one month of the year
This system of rotating responsibility ensured that the burden of provision was shared among the governors, reflecting wisdom in administration and fairness in governance. The phrase highlights the organized and systematic approach Solomon took in managing the kingdom's resources. It also suggests a sense of community and shared responsibility among the leaders of Israel, fostering unity and cooperation.

(7) Provided victuals for the king and his household.--This denotes the collection of revenue--mostly, no doubt, in kind--for the maintenance of the Court and household and guards of the king; and perhaps may have included also the management of the royal domain lands, such as is described under David's reign in 1Chronicles 26:25-31. It is curious that in five cases only the patronymic of the officer is given, probably from some defect in the archives from which this chapter is evidently drawn. The office must have been of high importance and dignity, for in two cases (1Kings 4:11; 1Kings 4:15) the holders of it were married into the royal house. The provinces over which they had authority--nine on the west and three on the east of Jordan--coincide only in a few cases with the lands assigned to the several tribes. It is not unlikely that by this time much of the tribal division of territory had become obsolete although we see from 1Chronicles 27:16-22, that for chieftainship over men, and for levy in war, it still remained in force.

Verse 7. - And Solomon had twelve officers [lit., persons "placed" or "set over" others, i.e., superintendents. The term is used of Doeg (1 Samuel 22:9). They were twelve, not because of the twelve tribes, but the twelve months] over all Israel, which provided victuals for [Heb. nourished] the king and his household: each man his month in a year made provision [lit., a month in the year it was (i.e., devolved) upon each to nourish. It has been thought by some that these superintendents were also governors of provinces (ἡΓενισισόνες καὶ σταηγοί, Jos. Ant. 8:2, 3), as well as purveyors. But of this nothing is said in the text. Their principal function was to collect the royal dues or taxes which were evidently paid, as they still are in the East, in kind].

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Solomon
וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֞ה (wə·liš·lō·mōh)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 8010: Solomon -- David's son and successor to his throne

had twelve
שְׁנֵים־ (šə·nêm-)
Number - md
Strong's 8147: Two (a cardinal number)

governors
נִצָּבִים֙ (niṣ·ṣā·ḇîm)
Verb - Nifal - Participle - masculine plural
Strong's 5324: To take one's stand, stand

over
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

all
כָּל־ (kāl-)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

Israel
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (yiś·rā·’êl)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc

to provide food
וְכִלְכְּל֥וּ (wə·ḵil·kə·lū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Piel - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 3557: To keep in, to measure, to maintain

for the king
הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ (ham·me·leḵ)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4428: A king

and his household.
בֵּית֑וֹ (bê·ṯōw)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 1004: A house

[Each] one
הָאֶחָ֖ד (hā·’e·ḥāḏ)
Article | Number - masculine singular
Strong's 259: United, one, first

would arrange provisions
לְכַלְכֵּֽל׃ (lə·ḵal·kêl)
Preposition-l | Verb - Piel - Infinitive construct
Strong's 3557: To keep in, to measure, to maintain

for one month
חֹ֧דֶשׁ (ḥō·ḏeš)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2320: The new moon, a month

of the year,
בַּשָּׁנָ֛ה (baš·šā·nāh)
Preposition-b, Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 8141: A year


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OT History: 1 Kings 4:7 Solomon had twelve officers over all Israel (1Ki iKi i Ki 1 Kg 1kg)
1 Kings 4:6
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