Isaiah 47:2
New International Version
Take millstones and grind flour; take off your veil. Lift up your skirts, bare your legs, and wade through the streams.

New Living Translation
Take heavy millstones and grind flour. Remove your veil, and strip off your robe. Expose yourself to public view.

English Standard Version
Take the millstones and grind flour, put off your veil, strip off your robe, uncover your legs, pass through the rivers.

Berean Standard Bible
Take millstones and grind flour; remove your veil; strip off your skirt, bare your thigh, and wade through the streams.

Berean Literal Bible
Take the millstones and grind flour! Uncover your veil and strip away your skirt; uncover your thigh; pass over the rivers!

King James Bible
Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers.

New King James Version
Take the millstones and grind meal. Remove your veil, Take off the skirt, Uncover the thigh, Pass through the rivers.

New American Standard Bible
“Take the millstones and grind flour. Remove your veil, strip off the skirt, Uncover the leg, cross the rivers.

NASB 1995
“Take the millstones and grind meal. Remove your veil, strip off the skirt, Uncover the leg, cross the rivers.

NASB 1977
“Take the millstones and grind meal. Remove your veil, strip off the skirt, Uncover the leg, cross the rivers.

Legacy Standard Bible
Take the millstones and grind flour. Uncover your veil, strip off the skirt, Uncover the leg, cross the rivers.

Amplified Bible
“Take millstones [as a female slave does] and grind meal; Remove your veil, strip off the skirt, Uncover the leg, cross the rivers [at the command of your captors].

Berean Annotated Bible
Take millstones and grind flour; remove your veil; strip off your skirt, bare your thigh, and wade through the streams.

Christian Standard Bible
Take millstones and grind flour; remove your veil, strip off your skirt, bare your thigh, wade through the streams.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Take millstones and grind meal; remove your veil, strip off your skirt, bare your thigh, wade through the streams.

American Standard Version
Take the millstones, and grind meal; remove thy veil, strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers.

Contemporary English Version
Start grinding grain! Take off your veil. Strip off your fancy clothes and wade across rivers.

English Revised Version
Take the millstones, and grind meal: remove thy veil, strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Take millstones and grind flour. Remove your veil. Take off your skirt. Uncover your legs, and cross the river.

Good News Translation
Turn the millstone! Grind the flour! Off with your veil! Strip off your fine clothes! Lift up your skirts to cross the streams!

International Standard Version
Take millstones and grind flour. Remove your veil, strip off your robes, bare your legs, and wade through the rivers.

NET Bible
Pick up millstones and grind flour! Remove your veil, strip off your skirt, expose your legs, cross the streams!

New Heart English Bible
Take the millstones, and grind meal; remove your veil, strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers.

Webster's Bible Translation
Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover thy locks, make bare the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers.
Majority Text Translations
Majority Standard Bible
Take millstones and grind flour; remove your veil; strip off your skirt, bare your thigh, and wade through the streams.

World English Bible
Take the millstones and grind flour. Remove your veil, lift up your skirt, uncover your legs, and wade through the rivers.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Take millstones, and grind flour, "" Remove your veil, draw up the skirt, "" Uncover the leg, pass over the floods.

Berean Literal Bible
Take the millstones and grind flour! Uncover your veil and strip away your skirt; uncover your thigh; pass over the rivers!

Young's Literal Translation
Take millstones, and grind flour, Remove thy veil, draw up the skirt, Uncover the leg, pass over the floods.

Smith's Literal Translation
Take the two mill-stones and grind flour, and uncover thy veil; strip off the train, uncover the leg, pass through the rivers.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Take a millstone and grind meal: uncover thy shame, strip thy shoulder, make bare thy legs, pass over the rivers.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Take a millstone and grind meal. Uncover your shame, bare your shoulder, reveal your legs, cross the streams.

New American Bible
Take the millstone and grind flour, remove your veil; Strip off your skirt, bare your legs, cross through the streams.

New Revised Standard Version
Take the millstones and grind meal, remove your veil, strip off your robe, uncover your legs, pass through the rivers.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Take the millstone and grind flour; remove your veil, cut off your white hair, uncover your legs, pass through the rivers.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Take a millstone, grind flour, open your veil, cut your white hair, reveal your lower legs, pass over the rivers
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Take the millstones, and grind meal; Remove thy veil, Strip off the train, uncover the leg, Pass through the rivers.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Take a millstone, grind meal: remove thy veil, uncover thy white hairs, make bare the leg, pass through the rivers.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Fall of Babylon Predicted
1“Go down and sit in the dust, O Virgin Daughter of Babylon. Sit on the ground without a throne, O Daughter of Chaldea! For you will no longer be called tender or delicate. 2Take millstones and grind flour; remove your veil; strip off your skirt, bare your thigh, and wade through the streams. 3Your nakedness will be uncovered and your shame will be exposed. I will take vengeance; I will spare no one.”…

Cross References
Take millstones and grind flour;

Exodus 11:5
and every firstborn son in the land of Egypt will die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne, to the firstborn of the servant girl behind the hand mill, as well as the firstborn of all the cattle.

Lamentations 5:13
Young men toil at millstones; boys stagger under loads of wood.
remove your veil;

Exodus 34:34
But whenever Moses went in before the LORD to speak with Him, he would remove the veil until he came out. And when he came out, he would tell the Israelites what he had been commanded,

2 Corinthians 3:16
But whenever anyone turns to the Lord, the veil is taken away.
strip off your skirt,

Nahum 3:5
“Behold, I am against you,” declares the LORD of Hosts. “I will lift your skirts over your face. I will show your nakedness to the nations and your shame to the kingdoms.

Jeremiah 13:26
So I will pull your skirts up over your face, that your shame may be seen.
bare your thigh,

Isaiah 20:4
so the king of Assyria will lead away the captives of Egypt and the exiles of Cush, young and old alike, naked and barefoot, with bared buttocks—to Egypt’s shame.

Exodus 28:42
Make linen undergarments to cover their bare flesh, extending from waist to thigh.
and wade through the streams.

Isaiah 43:2
When you pass through the waters, I will be with you; and when you go through the rivers, they will not overwhelm you. When you walk through the fire, you will not be scorched; the flames will not set you ablaze.

Psalm 66:12
You let men ride over our heads; we went through fire and water, but You brought us into abundance.
Jeremiah 25:10
Moreover, I will banish from them the sounds of joy and gladness, the voices of the bride and bridegroom, the sound of the millstones, and the light of the lamp.

Lamentations 1:8-9
Jerusalem has sinned greatly; therefore she has become an object of scorn. All who honored her now despise her, for they have seen her nakedness; she herself groans and turns away. / Her uncleanness stains her skirts; she did not consider her end. Her downfall was astounding; there was no one to comfort her. Look, O LORD, on my affliction, for the enemy has triumphed!

Ezekiel 16:37-39
therefore I will surely gather all the lovers with whom you found pleasure, all those you loved and all those you hated. I will gather them against you from all around and expose you before them, and they will see you completely naked. / And I will sentence you to the punishment of women who commit adultery and those who shed blood; so I will bring upon you the wrath of your bloodshed and jealousy. / Then I will deliver you into the hands of your lovers, and they will level your mounds and tear down your lofty shrines. They will strip off your clothes, take your fine jewelry, and leave you naked and bare.

Micah 1:11
Depart in shameful nakedness, O dwellers of Shaphir. The dwellers of Zaanan will not come out. Beth-ezel is in mourning; its support is taken from you.

Revelation 18:7-8
As much as she has glorified herself and lived in luxury, give her the same measure of torment and grief. In her heart she says, ‘I sit as queen; I am not a widow and will never see grief.’ / Therefore her plagues will come in one day—death and grief and famine—and she will be consumed by fire, for mighty is the Lord God who judges her.”

Jeremiah 13:22
And if you ask yourself, “Why has this happened to me?” It is because of the magnitude of your iniquity that your skirts have been stripped off and your body has been exposed.


Treasury of Scripture

Take the millstones, and grind meal: uncover your locks, make bore the leg, uncover the thigh, pass over the rivers.

the milestones

Exodus 11:5
And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts.

Judges 16:21
But the Philistines took him, and put out his eyes, and brought him down to Gaza, and bound him with fetters of brass; and he did grind in the prison house.

Job 31:10
Then let my wife grind unto another, and let others bow down upon her.

make bare

Isaiah 3:17
Therefore the Lord will smite with a scab the crown of the head of the daughters of Zion, and the LORD will discover their secret parts.

Isaiah 20:4
So shall the king of Assyria lead away the Egyptians prisoners, and the Ethiopians captives, young and old, naked and barefoot, even with their buttocks uncovered, to the shame of Egypt.

Jeremiah 13:22,26
And if thou say in thine heart, Wherefore come these things upon me? For the greatness of thine iniquity are thy skirts discovered, and thy heels made bare…

Jump to Previous
Bare Cross Crushed Draw Flour Grind Leg Lift Meal Millstones Remove Rivers Robe Skirt Skirts Streams Strip Thigh Train Uncover Uncovered Veil Wade
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Bare Cross Crushed Draw Flour Grind Leg Lift Meal Millstones Remove Rivers Robe Skirt Skirts Streams Strip Thigh Train Uncover Uncovered Veil Wade
Isaiah 47
1. God's judgment upon Babylon and Chaldea
6. For their unmercifulness
7. Pride
10. And over-boldness
11. Shall be irresistible












Take millstones and grind flour;
This phrase signifies a call to labor and servitude, reflecting the reversal of fortunes for Babylon. In ancient times, grinding flour was a task for servants or captives, indicating a loss of status and power. The imagery of millstones connects to the daily, menial labor that was often assigned to women or slaves, highlighting the humbling of Babylon. This can be seen as a fulfillment of the prophecy against Babylon, where the once proud city is brought low (Isaiah 13:19). The use of millstones also recalls the judgment against Babylon in Revelation 18:21, where a mighty angel casts a stone into the sea, symbolizing Babylon's downfall.

remove your veil;
The removal of the veil signifies exposure and shame. In ancient Near Eastern culture, a veil was a symbol of modesty and protection, often worn by women of status. Removing it indicates vulnerability and humiliation. This act can be seen as a metaphor for the uncovering of Babylon's sins and the stripping away of its false pretenses. The veil's removal is akin to the exposure of hidden sins, as seen in other biblical passages like Ezekiel 16:37, where God exposes the sins of Jerusalem.

strip off your skirt,
Stripping off the skirt further emphasizes the theme of humiliation and disgrace. In biblical times, clothing was a sign of dignity and identity. To strip off one's garments was to be laid bare and dishonored. This imagery is used to depict the complete abasement of Babylon, once a city of great power and influence. The act of stripping is also symbolic of judgment, as seen in Lamentations 1:8, where Jerusalem is described as naked and exposed due to her sins.

bare your thigh,
Baring the thigh is another symbol of shame and exposure. In the cultural context of the ancient Near East, modesty was highly valued, and exposing the body was considered disgraceful. This phrase underscores the totality of Babylon's humiliation. The exposure of the thigh can also be seen as a metaphor for vulnerability to attack and defeat, as Babylon is left defenseless before its enemies. This connects to the broader theme of divine judgment against nations that oppose God, as seen in Nahum 3:5.

and wade through the streams.
Wading through streams suggests a forced journey or exile, often associated with captivity and displacement. In the context of Babylon, this imagery may allude to the city's impending conquest and the subsequent exile of its people. Streams or rivers were often barriers or boundaries, and crossing them symbolized a transition from freedom to captivity. This phrase can be linked to the broader biblical narrative of exile and return, as seen in the Babylonian captivity of Judah and the eventual return to Jerusalem (2 Kings 25:11, Ezra 1:1-4). The act of wading through streams also evokes the idea of purification and judgment, as water is often a symbol of cleansing in scripture.

Persons / Places / Events
1. Babylon
A significant city and empire in ancient Mesopotamia, often symbolizing pride and idolatry in the Bible. In Isaiah 47, Babylon is personified as a woman who will face humiliation and judgment.

2. Daughter of the Chaldeans
This phrase refers to the inhabitants of Babylon, specifically highlighting their cultural and spiritual identity. The Chaldeans were known for their wisdom and astrology, which often led them away from the true God.

3. Isaiah
A major prophet in the Old Testament, Isaiah conveyed God's messages of judgment and redemption to the people of Israel and surrounding nations, including Babylon.
Teaching Points
Humility Before God
The passage serves as a reminder of the importance of humility. Babylon's pride led to its downfall, teaching us to remain humble before God and acknowledge His sovereignty.

Consequences of Idolatry
Babylon's reliance on false gods and practices resulted in judgment. We are called to examine our lives for any idols that may take precedence over our relationship with God.

God's Sovereignty Over Nations
Isaiah 47:2 illustrates that no nation or power is beyond God's control. This reassures believers that God is actively involved in the affairs of the world and will bring about His justice.

Repentance and Redemption
While the passage focuses on judgment, it also implicitly calls for repentance. Recognizing our sins and turning back to God can lead to redemption and restoration.
Bible Study Questions and Answers
1. What is the meaning of Isaiah 47:2?

2. How does Isaiah 47:2 illustrate the consequences of pride and arrogance?

3. What cultural practices in Isaiah 47:2 symbolize Babylon's impending humiliation?

4. How can Isaiah 47:2's message apply to modern-day societal pride?

5. What other scriptures warn against pride similar to Isaiah 47:2?

6. How can believers guard against pride as warned in Isaiah 47:2?

7. What historical context surrounds Isaiah 47:2 and its message to Babylon?

8. How does Isaiah 47:2 reflect God's judgment on pride and arrogance?

9. What is the significance of the imagery used in Isaiah 47:2?

10. What are the top 10 Lessons from Isaiah 47?

11. Will you come to the waters for refreshment?

12. If Isaiah 2:2-3 indicates all peoples will stream to the Lord's mountain, how do we reconcile this with other faiths continuing to flourish?

13. Psalm 87:7 - In what sense are all 'springs' in Zion, given that historically rivers and water sources are not exclusive to Jerusalem?

14. In Isaiah 2:2, how can the temple be literally 'raised above all hills' when no physical elevation change is recorded in history?
What Does Isaiah 47:2 Mean
Take millstones and grind flour

“Take millstones and grind flour” (Isaiah 47:2a) pictures Babylon forced into the menial labor of a slave.  

• Millstones were heavy, hand-turned stones used by the lowest servants (Judges 16:21; Exodus 11:5).

• God is announcing that the once-luxurious city will be humbled to the status of a household maid, just as Proverbs 22:29 contrasts the diligent with those who serve in obscurity.

• The Lord’s justice is consistent: those who enslaved Israel (Isaiah 14:4-6) will themselves taste servitude (Jeremiah 25:12-14).


Remove your veil

“Remove your veil” (Isaiah 47:2b) signals the loss of dignity. In the ancient Near East, a veil symbolized honor and separation (Genesis 24:65; Song of Songs 4:1).

• Babylon’s unveiling mirrors how God “uncovers” hidden sin (Nahum 3:5).

• The command exposes the empire’s pretense, fulfilling the warning of Numbers 32:23: “your sin will find you out.”

• It reminds believers today that nothing remains concealed before the Lord (Hebrews 4:13).


Strip off your skirt

“Strip off your skirt” (Isaiah 47:2c) intensifies the shame. Royal garments once signified power (Daniel 5:29); now they are torn away.

• Isaiah earlier foretold similar humiliation for Judah’s proud women (Isaiah 3:16-24); Babylon receives the same treatment she dished out.

• The stripping predicts the downfall described in Revelation 18:7-8: “She says in her heart, ‘I sit as queen’… for this reason her plagues will come in one day.”

• God’s righteousness equalizes the proud and the lowly (Luke 1:52).


Bare your thigh

“Bare your thigh” (Isaiah 47:2d) publicly disgraces the city. In Scripture, uncovering the thigh is a sign of humiliation (2 Samuel 10:4).

• Babylon is exposed like a captive led away in chains (Isaiah 20:4).

• The picture matches the reversal principle of Galatians 6:7: “God is not mocked; for whatever a man sows, that he will also reap.”

• It warns nations that moral arrogance invites divine exposure (Obadiah v.3-4).


Wade through the streams

“…and wade through the streams” (Isaiah 47:2e) portrays forced exile. Captives often trudged barefoot through rivers on their march (Psalm 137:1).

• Babylon once boasted over the Euphrates; now its people must slog through those same waters, echoing Isaiah 43:2 where God promises to be with His own in rivers of trial, but here He abandons the oppressor to judgment.

• Just as Pharaoh’s army drowned in the Red Sea (Exodus 14:26-28), Babylon’s power melts away in the very element it trusted.


summary

Isaiah 47:2 unfolds a five-step descent from royal splendor to degrading servitude. Each imperative—grind, unveil, strip, bare, wade—strips Babylon of security, status, and self-glory. The passage confirms the unchanging principle that the Lord humbles the proud and exalts the humble, assuring believers that every empire opposing God will ultimately face the same righteous reversal.

(2) Take the millstones.--Always the most servile form of female labour (Exodus 11:5; Job 31:10; Matthew 24:41).

Uncover thy locks.--The picture of suffering is heightened by the fact that the female slave has to wade unveiled, and bare-legged, all sense of shame outraged, to the scene of her labours. The picture is, of course, to be taken symbolically, not literally.

Verse 2. - Take the millstones, and grind meal. Do the hard work commonly allotted to female slaves. Turn the heavy upper millstone all day long upon the nether one (comp. Exodus 11:5). Babylon having been personified as a female captive, the details have to be in unison. Uncover thy locks. Babylonian women are represented in the Assyrian sculptures as wearing closefitting caps upon their heads (see 'Ancient Monarchies,' vol. 2, p. 500). Make bare the leg... pass over the rivers. On the way from their own city to the land of their captivity, they would have to wade through streams, and in so doing to expose parts of their persons which delicacy required to be concealed.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Take
קְחִ֥י (qə·ḥî)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - feminine singular
Strong's 3947: To take

millstones
רֵחַ֖יִם (rê·ḥa·yim)
Noun - md
Strong's 7347: A mill-stone

and grind
וְטַ֣חֲנִי (wə·ṭa·ḥă·nî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Imperative - feminine singular
Strong's 2912: To grind meal, to be a, concubine

flour;
קָ֑מַח (qā·maḥ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7058: Flour, meal

remove
גַּלִּ֨י (gal·lî)
Verb - Piel - Imperative - feminine singular
Strong's 1540: To denude, to exile, to reveal

your veil,
צַמָּתֵ֧ךְ (ṣam·mā·ṯêḵ)
Noun - feminine singular construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 6777: (woman's) veil

strip off
חֶשְׂפִּי־ (ḥeś·pî-)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - feminine singular
Strong's 2834: To strip off, to make naked, to drain away, bail up

your skirt,
שֹׁ֛בֶל (šō·ḇel)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7640: Flowing skirt, train

bare
גַּלִּי־ (gal·lî-)
Verb - Piel - Imperative - feminine singular
Strong's 1540: To denude, to exile, to reveal

your thigh,
שׁ֖וֹק (šō·wq)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 7785: The, leg

wade through
עִבְרִ֥י (‘iḇ·rî)
Verb - Qal - Imperative - feminine singular
Strong's 5674: To pass over, through, or by, pass on

the streams.
נְהָרֽוֹת׃ (nə·hā·rō·wṯ)
Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 5104: A stream, prosperity


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OT Prophets: Isaiah 47:2 Take the millstones and grind meal (Isa Isi Is)
Isaiah 47:1
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