Verse (Click for Chapter) New International Version Grain must be ground to make bread; so one does not go on threshing it forever. The wheels of a threshing cart may be rolled over it, but one does not use horses to grind grain. New Living Translation Grain for bread is easily crushed, so he doesn’t keep on pounding it. He threshes it under the wheels of a cart, but he doesn’t pulverize it. English Standard Version Does one crush grain for bread? No, he does not thresh it forever; when he drives his cart wheel over it with his horses, he does not crush it. Berean Standard Bible Grain for bread must be ground, but it is not endlessly threshed. Though the wheels of the cart roll over it, the horses do not crush it. Berean Literal Bible Bread must be ground, but not forever does the one threshing thresh it; and he runs it over with the wheels of his cart, and his horses do not crush it. King James Bible Bread corn is bruised; because he will not ever be threshing it, nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horsemen. New King James Version Bread flour must be ground; Therefore he does not thresh it forever, Break it with his cartwheel, Or crush it with his horsemen. New American Standard Bible Grain for bread is crushed, Indeed, he does not continue to thresh it forever. Because the wheel of his cart and his horses eventually damage it, He does not thresh it longer. NASB 1995 Grain for bread is crushed, Indeed, he does not continue to thresh it forever. Because the wheel of his cart and his horses eventually damage it, He does not thresh it longer. NASB 1977 Grain for bread is crushed, Indeed, he does not continue to thresh it forever. Because the wheel of his cart and his horses eventually damage it, He does not thresh it longer. Legacy Standard Bible Grain for bread is crushed, But he does not continue to thresh it forever. Because the wheel of his cart and his horses eventually disturb it, He does not crush it longer. Amplified Bible Bread grain is crushed fine, Indeed, the farmer does not continue to thresh it forever. Because the wheel of his cart and his horses eventually damage it, He does not thresh it longer. Berean Annotated Bible Grain for bread must be ground, but it is not endlessly threshed. Though the wheels of the cart roll over it, the horses do not crush it. Christian Standard Bible Bread grain is crushed, but is not threshed endlessly. Though the wheel of the farmer’s cart rumbles, his horses do not crush it. Holman Christian Standard Bible Bread grain is crushed, but is not threshed endlessly. Though the wheel of the farmer’s cart rumbles, his horses do not crush it. American Standard Version Bread grain is ground; for he will not be always threshing it: and though the wheel of his cart and his horses scatter it, he doth not grind it. Contemporary English Version Wheat and barley are pounded, but not beaten to pulp; they are run over with a wagon, but not ground to dust. English Revised Version Bread corn is ground; for he will not ever be threshing it: and though the wheel of his cart and his horses scatter it, he doth not grind it. GOD'S WORD® Translation Grain is ground into flour, but the grinding eventually stops. It will be threshed. The wheels of his cart will roll over it, but his horses won't crush it. Good News Translation They do not ruin the wheat by threshing it endlessly, and they know how to thresh it by driving a cart over it without bruising the grains. International Standard Version It must be ground; one cannot keep threshing it forever. Even if he drives his cart and horses over it, he cannot crush it. NET Bible Grain is crushed, though one certainly does not thresh it forever. The wheel of one's wagon rolls over it, but his horses do not crush it. New Heart English Bible Bread flour must be ground; so he will not always be threshing it. Although he drives the wheel of his threshing cart over it, his horses do not grind it. Webster's Bible Translation Bread-corn is bruised; because he will not always be threshing it, nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horsemen. Majority Text Translations Majority Standard BibleGrain for bread must be ground, but it is not endlessly threshed. Though the wheels of the cart roll over it, the horses do not crush it. World English Bible Bread flour must be ground; so he will not always be threshing it. Although he drives the wheel of his threshing cart over it, his horses don’t grind it. Literal Translations Literal Standard VersionBread-[grain] is beaten small, "" For he does not severely thresh it forever, "" Nor has a wheel of his cart crushed [it], "" Nor do his hooves beat it small. Berean Literal Bible Bread must be ground, but not forever does the one threshing thresh it; and he runs it over with the wheels of his cart, and his horses do not crush it. Young's Literal Translation Bread -corn is beaten small, For not for ever doth he sorely thresh it, Nor crushed it hath a wheel of his cart, Nor do his hoofs beat it small. Smith's Literal Translation Bread shall be beaten small; for threshing, he will not forever thresh it; and the wheel of his wagon he put in motion and his horsemen shall not beat it small. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleBut bread corn shall be broken small: but the thrasher shall not thrash it for ever, neither shall the cart wheel hurt it, nor break it with its teeth. Catholic Public Domain Version But grain for bread must be crushed. Truly, the thresher cannot thresh it unceasingly, and the cartwheel can neither disrupt it, nor break it with its surface. New American Bible Grain is crushed for bread, but not forever; though he thresh it thoroughly, and drive his cartwheel and horses over it, he does not pulverize it. New Revised Standard Version Grain is crushed for bread, but one does not thresh it forever; one drives the cart wheel and horses over it, but does not pulverize it. Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleGrain is threshed for our sakes because man would not otherwise be threshing it, nor break it with many wheels of his threshing instruments, nor crush it under the feet of his oxen. Peshitta Holy Bible Translated Grain is trodden for our sake, because it was not profitable to tread. He has trodden it and with the many wheels of his threshers and by his hooves will break it in pieces OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917Is bread corn crushed? Nay, he will not ever be threshing it; And though the roller of his wagon and its sharp edges move noisily, He doth not crush it. Brenton Septuagint Translation for I will not be wroth with you for ever, neither shall the voice of my anger crush you. Additional Translations ... Audio Bible Context Listen and Hear…27Surely caraway is not threshed with a sledge, and the wheel of a cart is not rolled over the cumin. But caraway is beaten out with a stick, and cumin with a rod. 28Grain for bread must be ground, but it is not endlessly threshed. Though the wheels of the cart roll over it, the horses do not crush it. 29This also comes from the LORD of Hosts, who is wonderful in counsel and excellent in wisdom.… Cross References Grain for bread must be ground, Ezekiel 4:9 But take wheat, barley, beans, lentils, millet, and spelt; put them in a single container and make them into bread for yourself. This is what you are to eat during the 390 days you lie on your side. Isaiah 55:10 For just as rain and snow fall from heaven and do not return without watering the earth, making it bud and sprout, and providing seed to sow and food to eat, Psalm 104:14-15 He makes the grass grow for the livestock and provides crops for man to cultivate, bringing forth food from the earth: / wine that gladdens the heart of man, oil that makes his face to shine, and bread that sustains his heart. but it is not endlessly threshed. Deuteronomy 25:4 Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain. Hosea 10:11 Ephraim is a well-trained heifer that loves to thresh; but I will place a yoke on her fair neck. I will harness Ephraim, Judah will plow, and Jacob will break the hard ground. 1 Corinthians 9:9 For it is written in the Law of Moses: “Do not muzzle an ox while it is treading out the grain.” Is it about oxen that God is concerned? Though the wheels of the cart roll over it, Proverbs 20:26 A wise king separates out the wicked and drives the threshing wheel over them. Nahum 3:2-3 The crack of the whip, the rumble of the wheel, galloping horse and bounding chariot! / Charging horseman, flashing sword, shining spear; heaps of slain, mounds of corpses, dead bodies without end—they stumble over their dead— Isaiah 41:15 Behold, I will make you into a threshing sledge, new and sharp, with many teeth. You will thresh the mountains and crush them, and reduce the hills to chaff. the horses do not crush it. Isaiah 42:3 A bruised reed He will not break and a smoldering wick He will not extinguish; He will faithfully bring forth justice. 2 Corinthians 2:7 So instead, you ought to forgive and comfort him, so that he will not be overwhelmed by excessive sorrow. Lamentations 3:33 For He does not willingly afflict or grieve the sons of men. Matthew 11:28-30 Come to Me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. / Take My yoke upon you and learn from Me, for I am gentle and humble in heart, and you will find rest for your souls. / For My yoke is easy and My burden is light.” Hebrews 12:11 No discipline seems enjoyable at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it yields a harvest of righteousness and peace to those who have been trained by it. James 3:17-18 But the wisdom from above is first of all pure, then peace-loving, gentle, accommodating, full of mercy and good fruit, impartial, and sincere. / Peacemakers who sow in peace reap the fruit of righteousness. 2 Timothy 2:6 The hardworking farmer should be the first to partake of the crops. Treasury of Scripture Bread corn is bruised; because he will not ever be threshing it, nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horsemen. bread Isaiah 21:10 O my threshing, and the corn of my floor: that which I have heard of the LORD of hosts, the God of Israel, have I declared unto you. Amos 9:9 For, lo, I will command, and I will sift the house of Israel among all nations, like as corn is sifted in a sieve, yet shall not the least grain fall upon the earth. Matthew 3:12 Whose fan is in his hand, and he will throughly purge his floor, and gather his wheat into the garner; but he will burn up the chaff with unquenchable fire. the wheel Isaiah 28:27 For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod. Jump to Previous Although Always Bread Break Bruise Bruised Cart Corn Crush Crushed Crushing Damage Drives Drove Edges Eventually Flour Grain Grind Ground Horsemen Horses Indeed Lets Move Roller Sharp Threshing Wagon Wheel WheelsJump to Next Although Always Bread Break Bruise Bruised Cart Corn Crush Crushed Crushing Damage Drives Drove Edges Eventually Flour Grain Grind Ground Horsemen Horses Indeed Lets Move Roller Sharp Threshing Wagon Wheel WheelsIsaiah 28 1. The prophet threatens Ephraim for their pride and drunkenness5. The residue shall be advanced in the kingdom of Christ 7. He rebukes their error 9. Their unwillingness to learn 14. And their security 16. Christ the sure foundation is promised 17. Their security shall be tried 23. They are incited to the consideration of God's providence Grain for bread must be ground This phrase highlights the necessity of processing grain to produce bread, a staple food in ancient Israel. The grinding of grain is a metaphor for the trials and refining processes that believers undergo. In biblical times, grain was ground using millstones, a labor-intensive process that required patience and skill. This imagery can be connected to the refining process described in other scriptures, such as Malachi 3:3, where God is depicted as a refiner and purifier. The necessity of grinding also points to the idea that trials and challenges are essential for spiritual growth and maturity. but it is not endlessly threshed Though the wheels of the cart roll over it the horses do not crush it Persons / Places / Events 1. IsaiahThe prophet who delivered God's messages to the people of Judah and Jerusalem. He is known for his prophecies concerning judgment and redemption. 2. Judah The southern kingdom of Israel, often the focus of Isaiah's prophecies, including warnings and promises of restoration. 3. Threshing An agricultural process used to separate grain from chaff, symbolizing God's method of refining and purifying His people. 4. Bread A staple food representing sustenance and life, often used metaphorically in the Bible to signify spiritual nourishment. 5. Cart and Horses Tools and animals used in the threshing process, symbolizing the means by which God disciplines and refines His people. Teaching Points God's Purpose in DisciplineGod's discipline, like threshing, is purposeful and measured. He refines us to bring out the best, not to destroy us. Endurance Through Trials Just as grain is not endlessly threshed, our trials have a limit. God knows how much we can bear and uses trials to strengthen our faith. Spiritual Nourishment The process of making bread from grain symbolizes how God uses our experiences to nourish and grow us spiritually. Trust in God's Sovereignty Trust that God is in control of the refining process. He uses the right tools and methods to shape us according to His will. Hope in Restoration The imagery of bread reminds us of the ultimate restoration and fulfillment found in Christ, the Bread of Life. Bible Study Questions and Answers 1. What is the meaning of Isaiah 28:28?2. How does Isaiah 28:28 illustrate God's wisdom in guiding and correcting us? 3. What does "grain is ground" teach about God's process of refining believers? 4. How can we apply the principle of patience from Isaiah 28:28 in trials? 5. How does Isaiah 28:28 connect with God's discipline in Hebrews 12:11? 6. In what ways can Isaiah 28:28 encourage perseverance in your spiritual journey? 7. What does Isaiah 28:28 reveal about God's methods of discipline and instruction? 8. How does Isaiah 28:28 illustrate the balance between judgment and mercy? 9. What historical context influenced the message of Isaiah 28:28? 10. What are the top 10 Lessons from Isaiah 28? 11. In Isaiah 28:21-22, does the notion of God performing a 'strange work' and bringing swift judgment raise questions about the consistency of divine justice elsewhere in the Bible? 12. In Isaiah 28:9-10, is the idea of teaching 'line upon line, precept upon precept' contradicted by other biblical texts that emphasize understanding and wisdom over rote instruction? 13. In Isaiah 28:7-8, does the portrayal of priests and prophets being overcome by alcohol conflict with other passages that commend upright spiritual leaders? 14. Revelation 2:28 - How do we reconcile Jesus promising the 'morning star' here with Isaiah 14:12's use of the same term for Lucifer, and does it pose a biblical inconsistency? What Does Isaiah 28:28 Mean Grain for bread must be ground“Grain for bread must be ground” (Isaiah 28:28). The farmer knows raw kernels have to be broken open so they can become nourishing bread. In the same way: • God sometimes allows pressure in our lives so that hidden potential is released (Romans 8:28–29; James 1:2–4). • The grinding is purposeful, never random; He “works all things according to the counsel of His will” (Ephesians 1:11). • Israel, hearing Isaiah, could trust that the coming discipline from Assyria was designed to make them fruitful, not to waste them (Deuteronomy 8:5; Hebrews 12:10–11). But it is not endlessly threshed The farmer stops when the job is done. Likewise: • The Lord’s correction has limits. “He does not afflict willingly, nor grieve the children of men” (Lamentations 3:31–33). • He remembers our frame and knows we are dust (Psalm 103:13–14). • Trials have an expiration date: “After you have suffered for a little while, the God of all grace… will Himself restore, confirm, strengthen, and establish you” (1 Peter 5:10). Though the wheels of the cart roll over it Threshing carts with iron-studded wheels look brutal, yet they separate husk from kernel without destroying the grain. So: • God may use heavy circumstances—foreign armies for Judah, unexpected hardships for us—but always with pinpoint accuracy (Isaiah 10:5–7). • What seems crushing is actually refining, producing “an eternal weight of glory far beyond comparison” (2 Corinthians 4:17). • He can even use oppressive powers to accomplish His purposes, then judge those same powers for their arrogance (Habakkuk 1:5–11; 2:6-20). The horses do not crush it Horses pull the cart, yet the grain is preserved. Protection is built into the process. • God sets boundaries: “No temptation has seized you except what is common to man. And God is faithful; He will not let you be tempted beyond what you can bear” (1 Corinthians 10:13). • His goal is wholeness, not ruin. “I know the plans I have for you… plans for welfare and not for calamity, to give you a future and a hope” (Jeremiah 29:11). • Even in discipline He leaves a remnant, a seed for fresh planting (Isaiah 6:13; 37:31-32). summary Isaiah 28:28 paints a farmer who knows exactly how much pressure to apply. Grain must be ground—God’s people need shaping—but the process is measured, purposeful, and protective. The Lord disciplines to make us bread that feeds the world, never to pulverize us into dust. Trust His careful hand; He grinds only as long as necessary and stops the moment the bread is ready. (28) Bread corn is bruised.--Better, as a question, Is bread corn crushed to pieces? As the poor and meek of the earth were as the fennel and the cummin, so Israel, in its national greatness, was as the "bread corn" of the wheat and barley. For this a severer chastisement, a more thorough threshing, was needed; but the end of threshing is the preservation, not the destruction, of the true grain. It is for a time, not for ever. It separates the worthless from the precious. The wheels stop when they have done their work.Verse 28. - Bread corn is braised; literally, bread; but no doubt the corn, from which bread is made, is meant. Most critics regard the clause as interrogative, "Is bread corn bruised?" - and the answer as given in the negative by the rest of the sentence, "No; he will not continue always threshing it, nor crunch it with his cart-wheel and his horses - he will not bruise it." Even where the rougher modes of threshing are employed, there is moderation in their employment. Care is taken not to injure the grain. Here the main bearing of the whole parable appears. The afflictions which God sends upon his people are adapted to their strength and to their needs. In no case are they such as to crush and injure. Only such violence is used as is required to detach the good seed from the husks. Where the process is most severe, still the "bread-corn" is not "bruised."Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew Grain for breadלֶ֣חֶם (le·ḥem) Noun - masculine singular Strong's 3899: Food, bread, grain must be ground, יוּדָ֔ק (yū·ḏāq) Verb - Hofal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 1854: To crush, pulverize, thresh but כִּ֛י (kî) Conjunction Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction it is not לֹ֥א (lō) Adverb - Negative particle Strong's 3808: Not, no endlessly threshed. יְדוּשֶׁ֑נּוּ (yə·ḏū·šen·nū) Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular Strong's 1758: To trample, thresh Though the wheels גִּלְגַּ֧ל (gil·gal) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 1536: A wheel, a whirlwind, dust of the cart עֶגְלָת֛וֹ (‘eḡ·lā·ṯōw) Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular Strong's 5699: Something revolving, a wheeled vehicle roll over it, וְ֠הָמַם (wə·hā·mam) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 2000: To make a noise, move noisily, confuse, discomfit the horses וּפָרָשָׁ֖יו (ū·p̄ā·rā·šāw) Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural construct | third person masculine singular Strong's 6571: A steed, a driver, cavalry do not לֹֽא־ (lō-) Adverb - Negative particle Strong's 3808: Not, no crush it. יְדֻקֶּֽנּוּ׃ (yə·ḏuq·qen·nū) Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person masculine singular Strong's 1854: To crush, pulverize, thresh Links Isaiah 28:28 NIVIsaiah 28:28 NLT Isaiah 28:28 ESV Isaiah 28:28 NASB Isaiah 28:28 KJV Isaiah 28:28 BibleApps.com Isaiah 28:28 Biblia Paralela Isaiah 28:28 Chinese Bible Isaiah 28:28 French Bible Isaiah 28:28 Catholic Bible OT Prophets: Isaiah 28:28 Bread flour must be ground (Isa Isi Is) |
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