Exodus 12:34
New International Version
So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, and carried it on their shoulders in kneading troughs wrapped in clothing.

New Living Translation
The Israelites took their bread dough before yeast was added. They wrapped their kneading boards in their cloaks and carried them on their shoulders.

English Standard Version
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading bowls being bound up in their cloaks on their shoulders.

Berean Standard Bible
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, carrying it on their shoulders in kneading bowls wrapped in clothing.

King James Bible
And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.

New King James Version
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, having their kneading bowls bound up in their clothes on their shoulders.

New American Standard Bible
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls bound up in the clothes on their shoulders.

NASB 1995
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls bound up in the clothes on their shoulders.

NASB 1977
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls bound up in the clothes on their shoulders.

Legacy Standard Bible
So the people took up their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls bound up in the clothes on their shoulders.

Amplified Bible
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading bowls being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders.

Christian Standard Bible
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls wrapped up in their clothes on their shoulders.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls wrapped up in their clothes on their shoulders.

American Standard Version
And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading-troughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.

Contemporary English Version
So the Israelites quickly made some bread dough and put it in pans. But they did not mix any yeast in the dough to make it rise. They wrapped cloth around the pans and carried them on their shoulders.

English Revised Version
And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
So the people picked up their bread dough before it had risen and carried it on their shoulders in bowls, wrapped up in their clothes.

Good News Translation
So the people filled their baking pans with unleavened dough, wrapped them in clothing, and carried them on their shoulders.

International Standard Version
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls wrapped up in their cloaks on their shoulders.

Majority Standard Bible
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, carrying it on their shoulders in kneading bowls wrapped in clothing.

NET Bible
So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, with their kneading troughs bound up in their clothing on their shoulders.

New Heart English Bible
The people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders.

Webster's Bible Translation
And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.

World English Bible
The people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and the people take up their dough before it is fermented, their kneading-troughs [are] bound up in their garments on their shoulder.

Young's Literal Translation
and the people taketh up its dough before it is fermented, their kneading-troughs are bound up in their garments on their shoulder.

Smith's Literal Translation
And the people will take up their dough before it will be leavened, their kneading-bowls bound in their garments upon their shoulders.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
The people therefore took dough before it was leavened: and tying it in their cloaks, put it on their shoulders.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Therefore, the people took bread dough before it was leavened. And tying it in their cloaks, they placed it on their shoulders.

New American Bible
The people, therefore, took their dough before it was leavened, in their kneading bowls wrapped in their cloaks on their shoulders.

New Revised Standard Version
So the people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls wrapped up in their cloaks on their shoulders.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And the people took their kneading dough before it was leavened and their cold kneading dough wrapped up in their mantles upon their shoulders.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And the people took their bread dough when it had not fermented, their cold dough tied up in their towels and laid over their shoulders.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading-troughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And the people took their dough before their meal was leavened, bound up as it was in their garments, on their shoulders.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Exodus Begins
33And in order to send them out of the land quickly, the Egyptians urged the people on. “For otherwise,” they said, “we are all going to die!” 34So the people took their dough before it was leavened, carrying it on their shoulders in kneading bowls wrapped in clothing. 35Furthermore, the Israelites acted on Moses’ word and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold, and for clothing.…

Cross References
Exodus 13:6-7
For seven days you are to eat unleavened bread, and on the seventh day there shall be a feast to the LORD. / Unleavened bread shall be eaten during those seven days. Nothing leavened may be found among you, nor shall leaven be found anywhere within your borders.

Exodus 16:3
“If only we had died by the LORD’s hand in the land of Egypt!” they said. “There we sat by pots of meat and ate our fill of bread, but you have brought us into this desert to starve this whole assembly to death!”

Deuteronomy 16:3
You must not eat leavened bread with it; for seven days you are to eat with it unleavened bread, the bread of affliction, because you left the land of Egypt in haste—so that you may remember for the rest of your life the day you left the land of Egypt.

Numbers 33:3-4
On the fifteenth day of the first month, on the day after the Passover, the Israelites set out from Rameses. They marched out defiantly in full view of all the Egyptians, / who were burying all their firstborn, whom the LORD had struck down among them; for the LORD had executed judgment against their gods.

Leviticus 23:6
On the fifteenth day of the same month begins the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD. For seven days you must eat unleavened bread.

Joshua 5:10-11
On the evening of the fourteenth day of the month, while the Israelites were camped at Gilgal on the plains of Jericho, they kept the Passover. / The day after the Passover, on that very day, they ate unleavened bread and roasted grain from the produce of the land.

1 Samuel 28:24
The woman had a fattened calf at her house, and she quickly slaughtered it. She also took flour, kneaded it, and baked unleavened bread.

2 Kings 23:21-23
The king commanded all the people, “Keep the Passover of the LORD your God, as it is written in this Book of the Covenant.” / No such Passover had been observed from the days of the judges who had governed Israel through all the days of the kings of Israel and Judah. / But in the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign, this Passover was observed to the LORD in Jerusalem.

2 Chronicles 30:21
The Israelites who were present in Jerusalem celebrated the Feast of Unleavened Bread for seven days with great joy, and the Levites and priests praised the LORD day after day, accompanied by loud instruments of praise to the LORD.

Nehemiah 8:17
The whole assembly that had returned from exile made booths and lived in them. From the days of Joshua son of Nun until that day, the Israelites had not celebrated like this. And there was great rejoicing.

Isaiah 52:12
For you will not leave in a hurry nor flee in haste, for the LORD goes before you, and the God of Israel is your rear guard.

Matthew 26:17-19
On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the disciples came to Jesus and asked, “Where do You want us to prepare for You to eat the Passover?” / He answered, “Go into the city to a certain man and tell him that the Teacher says, ‘My time is near. I will keep the Passover with My disciples at your house.’” / So the disciples did as Jesus had directed them and prepared the Passover.

Mark 14:12-16
On the first day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover lamb was to be sacrificed, Jesus’ disciples asked Him, “Where do You want us to prepare for You to eat the Passover?” / So He sent two of His disciples and told them, “Go into the city, and a man carrying a jug of water will meet you. Follow him, / and whichever house he enters, say to the owner, ‘The Teacher asks: Where is My guest room, where I may eat the Passover with My disciples?’ ...

Luke 22:7-13
Then came the day of Unleavened Bread on which the Passover lamb was to be sacrificed. / Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and make preparations for us to eat the Passover.” / “Where do You want us to prepare it?” they asked. ...

John 6:31-35
Our fathers ate the manna in the wilderness, as it is written: ‘He gave them bread from heaven to eat.’” / Jesus said to them, “Truly, truly, I tell you, it was not Moses who gave you the bread from heaven, but it is My Father who gives you the true bread from heaven. / For the bread of God is He who comes down from heaven and gives life to the world.” ...


Treasury of Scripture

And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneading troughs being bound up in their clothes on their shoulders.

kneading trough.

Exodus 8:3
And the river shall bring forth frogs abundantly, which shall go up and come into thine house, and into thy bedchamber, and upon thy bed, and into the house of thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thine ovens, and into thy kneadingtroughs:

Jump to Previous
Added Bound Carried Clothes Clothing Dough Fermented Garments Kneading Kneadingtroughs Kneading-Troughs Leavened Mantles Putting Shoulder Shoulders Troughs Wrapped Yeast
Jump to Next
Added Bound Carried Clothes Clothing Dough Fermented Garments Kneading Kneadingtroughs Kneading-Troughs Leavened Mantles Putting Shoulder Shoulders Troughs Wrapped Yeast
Exodus 12
1. The beginning of the year is changed
3. The Passover is instituted
11. The import of the rite of the Passover
15. Unleavened bread
29. The firstborn are slain
31. The Israelites are driven out of the land
37. They come to Succoth
41. The time of their sojourning
43. The ordinance of the Passover














So the people
This phrase refers to the Israelites, God's chosen people, who were in the process of leaving Egypt after centuries of bondage. The term "people" in Hebrew is "עַם" (am), which signifies a collective group bound by shared identity and purpose. This moment marks a pivotal transition from slavery to freedom, symbolizing the birth of a nation under God's covenant.

took their dough
The Hebrew word for "dough" is "בָּצֵק" (batseq), indicating the unleavened mixture of flour and water. This dough represents the sustenance and provision for the journey ahead. Spiritually, it signifies the purity and readiness required for the Israelites as they embark on their exodus, leaving behind the corruption of Egypt.

before it was leavened
Leaven, or yeast, in Hebrew "שְׂאֹר" (se'or), often symbolizes sin or corruption in biblical literature. The haste in which the Israelites left Egypt did not allow time for the dough to rise, emphasizing the urgency of their departure. This act of taking unleavened dough is commemorated in the Feast of Unleavened Bread, reminding believers of the need for spiritual purity and readiness.

carrying it on their shoulders
The act of carrying the dough on their shoulders signifies the burden and responsibility of the journey. In ancient times, carrying something on one's shoulders was a sign of bearing a significant load. This imagery reflects the weight of leaving behind the familiar and stepping into the unknown, trusting in God's guidance and provision.

in kneading bowls
Kneading bowls, or "מִשְׁאֲרוֹת" (mish'arot) in Hebrew, were essential household items used for preparing bread. The mention of these bowls highlights the practical aspects of the Israelites' preparation for the journey. It underscores the theme of provision and the continuity of daily life even amidst monumental change.

wrapped in clothing
Wrapping the kneading bowls in clothing suggests a makeshift, hurried preparation, indicative of the urgency of the exodus. The Hebrew word for clothing, "שִׂמְלָה" (simlah), can also imply a covering or protection. This detail illustrates the resourcefulness of the Israelites and the necessity of adapting to new circumstances with what they had at hand.

(34) Kneadingtroughs.--Light, portable wooden bowls, such as are now used by the Arabs.

Verse 34. - The people took their dough. They probably regarded dough as more convenient for a journey than flour, and so made their flour into dough before starting; but they had no time to add leaven. Their kneading-troughs. This rendering is correct, both here and in the two other places where the word occurs (Exodus 8:3, and Deuteronomy 28:5). Kneading-troughs would be a necessity in the desert, and, if like those of the modern Arabs, which are merely small wooden bowls, would be light and portable. The dough and kneading-troughs, with perhaps other necessaries, were carried, as the Arabs still carry many small objects, bound up in their clothes (i.e., in the beged or ample shawl) upon their shoulders.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
So the people
הָעָ֛ם (hā·‘ām)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5971: A people, a tribe, troops, attendants, a flock

took
וַיִּשָּׂ֥א (way·yiś·śā)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5375: To lift, carry, take

their dough
בְּצֵק֖וֹ (bə·ṣê·qōw)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 1217: Dough (for cooking)

before
טֶ֣רֶם (ṭe·rem)
Adverb
Strong's 2962: Non-occurrence, not yet, before

it was leavened,
יֶחְמָ֑ץ (yeḥ·māṣ)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2556: To be pungent, in taste, in color

[carrying it] on
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

their shoulders
שִׁכְמָֽם׃ (šiḵ·mām)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 7926: The neck, as the place of burdens, the spur of a, hill

in kneading bowls
מִשְׁאֲרֹתָ֛ם (miš·’ă·rō·ṯām)
Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 4863: Perhaps kneading trough

wrapped
צְרֻרֹ֥ת (ṣə·ru·rōṯ)
Verb - Qal - QalPassParticiple - feminine plural
Strong's 6887: To bind, tie up, be restricted, narrow, scant, or cramped

in clothing.
בְּשִׂמְלֹתָ֖ם (bə·śim·lō·ṯām)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 8071: A dress, a mantle


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OT Law: Exodus 12:34 The people took their dough before it (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 12:33
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