Sons and Heirs

1 Λέγω (I say) δέ (now), ἐφ’ (for) ὅσον (as long as) χρόνον (a time) ὁ (the) κληρονόμος (heir) νήπιός (a child) ἐστιν (is), οὐδὲν (nothing) διαφέρει (he differs) δούλου (from a slave) κύριος (though lord) πάντων (of all) ὤν (being), 2 ἀλλὰ (But) ὑπὸ (under) ἐπιτρόπους (guardians) ἐστὶν (he is) καὶ (and) οἰκονόμους (managers) ἄχρι (until) τῆς (the) προθεσμίας (appointed time) τοῦ (of the) πατρός (father).

3 οὕτως (So) καὶ (also) ἡμεῖς (we), ὅτε (when) ἦμεν (we were) νήπιοι (children), ὑπὸ (under) τὰ (the) στοιχεῖα (elements) τοῦ (of the) κόσμου (world) ἤμεθα (were) δεδουλωμένοι (enslaved)· 4 Ὅτε (When) δὲ (however) ἦλθεν (came) τὸ (the) πλήρωμα (fullness) τοῦ (of the) χρόνου (time), ἐξαπέστειλεν (sent forth) ὁ (-) Θεὸς (God) τὸν (the) Υἱὸν (Son) αὐτοῦ (of Him), γενόμενον (having been born) ἐκ (of) γυναικός (a woman), γενόμενον (having been born) ὑπὸ (under) νόμον (the law), 5 ἵνα (that) τοὺς (those) ὑπὸ (under) νόμον (the law) ἐξαγοράσῃ (He might redeem), ἵνα (that) τὴν (the) υἱοθεσίαν (adoption as sons) ἀπολάβωμεν (we might receive). 6 Ὅτι (Because) δέ (now) ἐστε (you⁺ are) υἱοί (sons), ἐξαπέστειλεν (sent forth) ὁ (-) Θεὸς (God) τὸ (the) Πνεῦμα (Spirit) τοῦ (of the) Υἱοῦ (Son) αὐτοῦ (of Him) εἰς (into) τὰς (the) καρδίας (hearts) ἡμῶν (of us), κρᾶζον (crying out)· Ἀββᾶ (Abba) ὁ (-) Πατήρ (Father). 7 ὥστε (So) οὐκέτι (no longer) εἶ (you are) δοῦλος (a slave) ἀλλὰ (but) υἱός (a son)· εἰ (if) δὲ (now) υἱός (a son), καὶ (also) κληρονόμος (an heir) διὰ (through) Θεοῦ (God).

Paul’s Concern for the Galatians

8 Ἀλλὰ (But) τότε (then) μὲν (indeed) οὐκ (not) εἰδότες (knowing) Θεὸν (God) ἐδουλεύσατε (you⁺ were in slavery) τοῖς (to those) φύσει (by nature) μὴ (not) οὖσιν (being) θεοῖς (gods)· 9 νῦν (now) δὲ (however) γνόντες (having known) Θεόν (God), μᾶλλον (rather) δὲ (however) γνωσθέντες (having been known) ὑπὸ (by) Θεοῦ (God), πῶς (how) ἐπιστρέφετε (do you⁺ turn) πάλιν (again) ἐπὶ (to) τὰ (the) ἀσθενῆ (weak) καὶ (and) πτωχὰ (poor) στοιχεῖα (elements), οἷς (to which) πάλιν (again) ἄνωθεν (anew) δουλεύειν (to be in slavery) θέλετε (you⁺ want)? 10 ἡμέρας (Days) παρατηρεῖσθε (you⁺ observe) καὶ (and) μῆνας (months) καὶ (and) καιροὺς (seasons) καὶ (and) ἐνιαυτούς (years). 11 φοβοῦμαι (I fear) ὑμᾶς (for you⁺) μή (lest) πως (somehow) εἰκῇ (in vain) κεκοπίακα (I have toiled) εἰς (for) ὑμᾶς (you⁺). 12 Γίνεσθε (Become) ὡς (as) ἐγώ (I am), ὅτι (because) κἀγὼ (I also am) ὡς (as) ὑμεῖς (you⁺), ἀδελφοί (brothers), δέομαι (I implore) ὑμῶν (you⁺). οὐδέν (In nothing) με (me) ἠδικήσατε (you⁺ wronged)·

13 Οἴδατε (You⁺ know) δὲ (now) ὅτι (that) δι’ (in) ἀσθένειαν (weakness) τῆς (of the) σαρκὸς (flesh) εὐηγγελισάμην (I preached the gospel) ὑμῖν (to you⁺) τὸ (the) πρότερον (first time), 14 καὶ (and) τὸν (the) πειρασμὸν (test) ὑμῶν (of you⁺) ἐν (in) τῇ (the) σαρκί (flesh) μου (of me) οὐκ (not) ἐξουθενήσατε (you⁺ despised) οὐδὲ (nor) ἐξεπτύσατε (reject), ἀλλὰ (but) ὡς (as) ἄγγελον (an angel) Θεοῦ (of God) ἐδέξασθέ (you⁺ received) με (me), ὡς (as) Χριστὸν (Christ) Ἰησοῦν (Jesus). 15 ποῦ (Where) οὖν (then) ὁ (is the) μακαρισμὸς (blessedness) ὑμῶν (of you⁺)? μαρτυρῶ (I testify) γὰρ (for) ὑμῖν (to you⁺) ὅτι (that) εἰ (if) δυνατὸν (possible) τοὺς (the) ὀφθαλμοὺς (eyes) ὑμῶν (of you⁺) ἐξορύξαντες (having gouged out) ἐδώκατέ (you⁺ would have given them) μοι (to me). 16 ὥστε (So) ἐχθρὸς (an enemy) ὑμῶν (of you⁺) γέγονα (have I become) ἀληθεύων (speaking truth) ὑμῖν (to you⁺)?

17 Ζηλοῦσιν (They are zealous for) ὑμᾶς (you⁺) οὐ (not) καλῶς (nobly), ἀλλὰ (but) ἐκκλεῖσαι (to exclude) ὑμᾶς (you⁺ from us) θέλουσιν (they want), ἵνα (so that) αὐτοὺς (them) ζηλοῦτε (you⁺ may be zealous for). 18 καλὸν (Good it is) δὲ (now) ζηλοῦσθαι (to be zealous) ἐν (in) καλῷ (a good thing) πάντοτε (always), καὶ (and) μὴ (not) μόνον (only) ἐν (in) τῷ (the) παρεῖναί (being present) με (of me) πρὸς (with) ὑμᾶς (you⁺),

19 Τέκνα (Children) μου (of me), οὓς (of whom) πάλιν (again) ὠδίνω (I travail) μέχρις (until) οὗ (that) μορφωθῇ (shall have been formed) Χριστὸς (Christ) ἐν (in) ὑμῖν (you⁺)· 20 ἤθελον (I was wishing) δὲ (indeed) παρεῖναι (to be present) πρὸς (with) ὑμᾶς (you⁺) ἄρτι (now) καὶ (and) ἀλλάξαι (to change) τὴν (the) φωνήν (tone) μου (of me), ὅτι (because) ἀποροῦμαι (I am perplexed) ἐν (as to) ὑμῖν (you⁺).

Hagar and Sarah
(Genesis 21:9–21)

21 Λέγετέ (Tell) μοι (me), οἱ (those) ὑπὸ (under) νόμον (the law) θέλοντες (wanting) εἶναι (to be), τὸν (the) νόμον (law) οὐκ (not) ἀκούετε (do you⁺ listen to)? 22 γέγραπται (It has been written) γὰρ (for) ὅτι (that) Ἀβραὰμ (Abraham) δύο (two) υἱοὺς (sons) ἔσχεν (had), ἕνα (one) ἐκ (of) τῆς (the) παιδίσκης (slave woman) καὶ (and) ἕνα (one) ἐκ (of) τῆς (the) ἐλευθέρας (free woman). 23 ἀλλ’ (But) ὁ (the one) μὲν (indeed) ἐκ (of) τῆς (the) παιδίσκης (slave woman) κατὰ (according to) σάρκα (flesh) γεγέννηται (has been born), ὁ (the one) δὲ (but) ἐκ (of) τῆς (the) ἐλευθέρας (free woman) δι’ (through) τῆς (the) ἐπαγγελίας (promise). 24 ἅτινά (which things) ἐστιν (are) ἀλληγορούμενα (allegorized)· αὗται (these) γάρ (for) εἰσιν (are) δύο (two) διαθῆκαι (covenants), μία (one) μὲν (indeed) ἀπὸ (from) ὄρους (Mount) Σινᾶ (Sinai), εἰς (unto) δουλείαν (slavery) γεννῶσα (begetting), ἥτις (which) ἐστὶν (is) Ἁγάρ (Hagar), 25 τὸ (-) δὲ (Now) Ἁγὰρ (Hagar) Σινᾶ (Sinai) ὄρος (Mount) ἐστὶν (is) ἐν (in) τῇ (-) Ἀραβίᾳ (Arabia)· συστοιχεῖ (she corresponds) δὲ (now) τῇ (to the) νῦν (present) Ἰερουσαλήμ (Jerusalem), δουλεύει (she is in slavery) γὰρ (for) μετὰ (with) τῶν (the) τέκνων (children) αὐτῆς (of her). 26 ἡ (-) δὲ (But) ἄνω (the above) Ἰερουσαλὴμ (Jerusalem) ἐλευθέρα (free) ἐστίν (is), ἥτις (who) ἐστὶν (is) μήτηρ (mother) ἡμῶν (of us)· 27 γέγραπται (It has been written) γάρ (for)·

Εὐφράνθητι (Rejoice), στεῖρα (O barren woman)

ἡ (the one) οὐ (not) τίκτουσα (bearing),

ῥῆξον (break forth) καὶ (and) βόησον (cry out),

ἡ (the one) οὐκ (not) ὠδίνουσα (travailing)·

ὅτι (because) πολλὰ (many) τὰ (are the) τέκνα (children) τῆς (of the) ἐρήμου (desolate woman) μᾶλλον (more)

ἢ (than) τῆς (of her) ἐχούσης (having) τὸν (the) ἄνδρα (husband).

28 Ὑμεῖς (You⁺) δέ (now), ἀδελφοί (brothers), κατὰ (like) Ἰσαὰκ (Isaac) ἐπαγγελίας (of promise) τέκνα (children) ἐστέ (are). 29 ἀλλ’ (But) ὥσπερ (just as) τότε (then) ὁ (the one) κατὰ (according to) σάρκα (flesh) γεννηθεὶς (having been born) ἐδίωκεν (was persecuting) τὸν (the one born) κατὰ (according to) Πνεῦμα (the Spirit), οὕτως (so) καὶ (also) νῦν (it is now).

30 Ἀλλὰ (But) τί (what) λέγει (says) ἡ (the) γραφή (Scripture)? Ἔκβαλε (Cast out) τὴν (the) παιδίσκην (slave woman) καὶ (and) τὸν (the) υἱὸν (son) αὐτῆς (of her)· οὐ (no) γὰρ (for) μὴ (not) κληρονομήσει (will inherit) ὁ (the) υἱὸς (son) τῆς (of the) παιδίσκης (slave woman) μετὰ (with) τοῦ (the) υἱοῦ (son) τῆς (of the) ἐλευθέρας (free woman). 31 διό (Therefore), ἀδελφοί (brothers), οὐκ (not) ἐσμὲν (we are) παιδίσκης (of the slave woman) τέκνα (children) ἀλλὰ (but) τῆς (of the) ἐλευθέρας (free woman).