Exodus 22:10
New International Version
“If anyone gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep or any other animal to their neighbor for safekeeping and it dies or is injured or is taken away while no one is looking,

New Living Translation
“Now suppose someone leaves a donkey, ox, sheep, or any other animal with a neighbor for safekeeping, but it dies or is injured or is taken away, and no one sees what happened.

English Standard Version
“If a man gives to his neighbor a donkey or an ox or a sheep or any beast to keep safe, and it dies or is injured or is driven away, without anyone seeing it,

Berean Standard Bible
If a man gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to be cared for by his neighbor, but it dies or is injured or stolen while no one is watching,

King James Bible
If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:

New King James Version
If a man delivers to his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep, and it dies, is hurt, or driven away, no one seeing it,

New American Standard Bible
“If someone gives his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep for him, and it dies or is injured or is driven away while no one is looking,

NASB 1995
“If a man gives his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep for him, and it dies or is hurt or is driven away while no one is looking,

NASB 1977
“If a man gives his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep for him, and it dies or is hurt or is driven away while no one is looking,

Legacy Standard Bible
“If a man gives his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep for him, and it dies or is injured or is driven away while no one is looking,

Amplified Bible
“If a man gives his neighbor a donkey or an ox or a sheep or any [other] animal to keep [for him], and it dies or is injured or taken away while no one is looking,

Christian Standard Bible
“When a man gives his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to care for, but it dies, is injured, or is stolen, while no one is watching,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
When a man gives his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to care for, but it dies, is injured, or is stolen, while no one is watching,

American Standard Version
If a man deliver unto his neighbor an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:

Contemporary English Version
Suppose a neighbor who is going to be away asks you to keep a donkey or an ox or a sheep or some other animal, and it dies or gets injured or is stolen while no one is looking.

English Revised Version
If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"This is what you must do whenever someone gives his neighbor a donkey, a bull, a sheep, or any other kind of animal to keep for him, and it dies, is injured, or is captured in war, and there are no witnesses.

Good News Translation
"If anyone agrees to keep someone else's donkey, cow, sheep, or other animal for him, and the animal dies or is injured or is carried off in a raid, and if there was no witness,

International Standard Version
"When a man gives a donkey, ox, sheep, or any animal to his neighbor for safe keeping, and it dies or is injured or is driven away when no one is looking,

Majority Standard Bible
If a man gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to be cared for by his neighbor, but it dies or is injured or stolen while no one is watching,

NET Bible
If a man gives his neighbor a donkey or an ox or a sheep or any beast to keep, and it dies or is hurt or is carried away without anyone seeing it,

New Heart English Bible
"If a man delivers to his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep, and it dies or is injured, or driven away, no man seeing it;

Webster's Bible Translation
If a man shall deliver to his neighbor an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast to keep; and it shall die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:

World English Bible
“If a man delivers to his neighbor a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to keep, and it dies or is injured, or driven away, no man seeing it;
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
When a man gives to his neighbor a donkey, or ox, or sheep, or any beast to keep, and it has died, or has been hurt, or taken captive, [with] none seeing—

Young's Literal Translation
'When a man doth give unto his neighbour an ass, or ox, or sheep, or any beast to keep, and it hath died, or hath been hurt, or taken captive, none seeing --

Smith's Literal Translation
If a man shall give to his friend an ass or ox or sheep or all cattle to watch; and it died, or being broken or being taken captive, not being seen:
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
If a man deliver ass, ox, sheep, or any beast, to his neighbour's custody, and it die, or be hurt, or be taken by enemies, and no man saw it:

Catholic Public Domain Version
If anyone will have entrusted a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any animal to the keeping of his neighbor, and it will have died, or become disabled, or have been captured by enemies, and no one saw it,

New American Bible
When someone gives an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any other animal to another for safekeeping, if it dies, or is maimed or snatched away, without anyone witnessing the fact,

New Revised Standard Version
When someone delivers to another a donkey, ox, sheep, or any other animal for safekeeping, and it dies or is injured or is carried off, without anyone seeing it,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
If a man delivers to his neighbor an ass or an ox or a lamb or any kind of animal to keep; and it dies or is hurt or taken away in plunder and no man saw it;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And when a man will give his neighbor a donkey or an ox or a sheep or any animal to keep and it will die or will be injured or will be stolen and there is not a man who sees
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep, and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And if any one give to his neighbour to keep a calf or sheep or any beast, and it be wounded or die or be taken, and no one know,

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Property Laws
9In all cases of illegal possession of an ox, a donkey, a sheep, a garment, or any lost item that someone claims, ‘This is mine,’ both parties shall bring their cases before the judges. The one whom the judges find guilty must pay back double to his neighbor. 10If a man gives a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal to be cared for by his neighbor, but it dies or is injured or stolen while no one is watching, 11an oath before the LORD shall be made between the parties to determine whether or not the man has taken his neighbor’s property. The owner must accept the oath and require no restitution.…

Cross References
Leviticus 6:1-7
And the LORD said to Moses, / “If someone sins and acts unfaithfully against the LORD by deceiving his neighbor in regard to a deposit or security entrusted to him or stolen, or if he extorts his neighbor / or finds lost property and lies about it and swears falsely, or if he commits any such sin that a man might commit— ...

Deuteronomy 22:1-4
If you see your brother’s ox or sheep straying, you must not ignore it; be sure to return it to your brother. / If your brother does not live near you, or if you do not know who he is, you are to take the animal home to remain with you until your brother comes seeking it; then you can return it to him. / And you shall do the same for his donkey, his cloak, or anything your brother has lost and you have found. You must not ignore it. ...

Numbers 5:6-8
“Tell the Israelites that when a man or woman acts unfaithfully against the LORD by committing any sin against another, that person is guilty / and must confess the sin he has committed. He must make full restitution, add a fifth to its value, and give all this to the one he has wronged. / But if the man has no relative to whom restitution can be made for the wrong, the restitution belongs to the LORD and must be given to the priest along with the ram of atonement, by which the atonement is made for him.

Luke 19:8
But Zacchaeus stood up and said to the Lord, “Look, Lord, half of my possessions I give to the poor, and if I have cheated anyone, I will repay it fourfold.”

Matthew 18:15-17
If your brother sins against you, go and confront him privately. If he listens to you, you have won your brother over. / But if he will not listen, take one or two others along, so that ‘every matter may be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses.’ / If he refuses to listen to them, tell it to the church. And if he refuses to listen even to the church, regard him as you would a pagan or a tax collector.

1 Samuel 12:3
Here I am. Bear witness against me before the LORD and before His anointed: Whose ox or donkey have I taken? Whom have I cheated or oppressed? From whose hand have I accepted a bribe and closed my eyes? Tell me, and I will restore it to you.”

1 Corinthians 6:1-8
If any of you has a grievance against another, how dare he go to law before the unrighteous instead of before the saints! / Do you not know that the saints will judge the world? And if you are to judge the world, are you not competent to judge trivial cases? / Do you not know that we will judge angels? How much more the things of this life! ...

Proverbs 28:13
He who conceals his sins will not prosper, but whoever confesses and renounces them will find mercy.

Ezekiel 33:15
if he restores a pledge, makes restitution for what he has stolen, and walks in the statutes of life without practicing iniquity—then he will surely live; he will not die.

Galatians 6:1-2
Brothers, if someone is caught in a trespass, you who are spiritual should restore him with a spirit of gentleness. But watch yourself, or you also may be tempted. / Carry one another’s burdens, and in this way you will fulfill the law of Christ.

Matthew 5:23-24
So if you are offering your gift at the altar and there remember that your brother has something against you, / leave your gift there before the altar. First go and be reconciled to your brother; then come and offer your gift.

2 Samuel 12:1-6
Then the LORD sent Nathan to David, and when he arrived, he said, “There were two men in a certain city, one rich and the other poor. / The rich man had a great number of sheep and cattle, / but the poor man had nothing except one small ewe lamb that he had bought. He raised it, and it grew up with him and his children. It shared his food and drank from his cup; it slept in his arms and was like a daughter to him. ...

James 5:16
Therefore confess your sins to each other and pray for each other so that you may be healed. The prayer of a righteous man has great power to prevail.

Romans 13:8-10
Be indebted to no one, except to one another in love. For he who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the law. / The commandments “Do not commit adultery,” “Do not murder,” “Do not steal,” “Do not covet,” and any other commandments, are summed up in this one decree: “Love your neighbor as yourself.” / Love does no wrong to its neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law.

1 John 1:9
If we confess our sins, He is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness.


Treasury of Scripture

If a man deliver to his neighbor an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing it:

Genesis 39:8
But he refused, and said unto his master's wife, Behold, my master wotteth not what is with me in the house, and he hath committed all that he hath to my hand;

Luke 12:48
But he that knew not, and did commit things worthy of stripes, shall be beaten with few stripes. For unto whomsoever much is given, of him shall be much required: and to whom men have committed much, of him they will ask the more.

Luke 16:11
If therefore ye have not been faithful in the unrighteous mammon, who will commit to your trust the true riches?

Jump to Previous
Animal Ass Beast Cattle Damaged Death Deliver Delivers Die Died Dies Donkey Driven Gives Hurt Injured Keeping Neighbor Neighbour Ox Puts Sheep
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Animal Ass Beast Cattle Damaged Death Deliver Delivers Die Died Dies Donkey Driven Gives Hurt Injured Keeping Neighbor Neighbour Ox Puts Sheep
Exodus 22
1. Of Theft
5. Of damage
7. Of trespasses
14. Of borrowing
16. Of fornication
18. Of witchcraft
19. Of bestiality
20. Of idolatry
21. Of strangers, widows, and fatherless
25. Of usury
26. Of pledges
28. Of reverence to magistrates
29. Of the first fruits
31. Of torn flesh














If a man gives
The phrase "If a man gives" introduces a conditional situation, emphasizing personal responsibility and trust within the community. The Hebrew root for "gives" is "נָתַן" (natan), which implies a voluntary act of entrusting one's property to another. This reflects the communal and covenantal nature of Israelite society, where mutual trust and accountability were foundational.

a donkey, an ox, a sheep, or any other animal
These animals were essential to the agrarian lifestyle of ancient Israel, serving as sources of labor, food, and economic stability. The mention of specific animals highlights their value and the seriousness of the responsibility being entrusted. The Hebrew terms for these animals are "חֲמוֹר" (chamor) for donkey, "שׁוֹר" (shor) for ox, and "שֶׂה" (seh) for sheep, each representing different aspects of livelihood and wealth.

to his neighbor
The term "neighbor" in Hebrew is "רֵעַ" (rea), which extends beyond mere proximity to include fellow members of the covenant community. This reflects the biblical principle of loving one's neighbor and the expectation of ethical behavior within the community. The relationship between neighbors was governed by laws that promoted justice and harmony.

for safekeeping
The concept of "safekeeping" involves a fiduciary duty, where the neighbor is expected to protect and care for the property as if it were their own. The Hebrew word "שָׁמַר" (shamar) means to guard or keep, indicating a sacred trust. This duty underscores the importance of integrity and faithfulness in interpersonal relationships.

and it dies or is injured or is carried off
This phrase outlines potential misfortunes that could befall the entrusted animals. The Hebrew verbs used here—"מוּת" (muth) for dies, "שָׁבַר" (shabar) for injured, and "לָקַח" (laqach) for carried off—cover a range of scenarios that could lead to loss. These possibilities necessitate a fair and just resolution, reflecting God's concern for justice and equity.

without anyone seeing it
The absence of witnesses introduces a challenge in determining responsibility and truth. In ancient Israel, the presence of witnesses was crucial for legal matters, as seen in Deuteronomy 19:15. This situation requires reliance on God's wisdom and the integrity of those involved to resolve disputes fairly, emphasizing the need for honesty and trust in the community.

(10) And it die, or be hurt, or driven away.--The animal might "die" naturally, or "be hurt" by a wild beast or a fall down the rocks, or "be driven away" by the marauding tribes of the desert. Both parties might be agreed on the fact of its disappearance; the dispute would be as to the mode of the disappearance. Here the trustee might bring proof, if he could (Exodus 22:13); if not, he might clear himself by an "oath of the Lord" (Exodus 22:11).

Verses 10, 11. - If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass or an ox, etc. - The deposit of cattle is unheard of in classical antiquity; but it might well be the usage of a pastoral race (Genesis 47:3). The parallelism of the verse with verse 6 indicates that a deposit of the same kind is intended. If it die, or be hurt, or driven away. - The deposited beast might "die" naturally; or "he hurt" by a wild beast or a fall; or be "driven away "by thieves, without anyone seeing what had happened. In that case, if the man to whom the animal was entrusted would swear that he was no party to its disappearance, the owner had to put up with the loss.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
If
כִּֽי־ (kî-)
Conjunction
Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction

a man
אִ֨ישׁ (’îš)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 376: A man as an individual, a male person

gives
יִתֵּן֩ (yit·tên)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

a donkey,
חֲמ֨וֹר (ḥă·mō·wr)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2543: A male ass

an ox,
שׁ֥וֹר (šō·wr)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7794: A head of cattle (bullock, ox, etcetera)

a sheep,
שֶׂ֛ה (śeh)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7716: A member of a, flock, a sheep, goat

or any
וְכָל־ (wə·ḵāl)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

other animal
בְּהֵמָ֖ה (bə·hê·māh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 929: A dumb beast, any large quadruped, animal

to be cared for
לִשְׁמֹ֑ר (liš·mōr)
Preposition-l | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct
Strong's 8104: To hedge about, guard, to protect, attend to

by his neighbor,
רֵעֵ֜הוּ (rê·‘ê·hū)
Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 7453: Friend, companion, fellow

but it dies
וּמֵ֛ת (ū·mêṯ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 4191: To die, to kill

or
אוֹ־ (’ōw-)
Conjunction
Strong's 176: Desire, if

is injured
נִשְׁבַּ֥ר (niš·bar)
Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7665: To break, break in pieces

or
אוֹ־ (’ōw-)
Conjunction
Strong's 176: Desire, if

stolen
נִשְׁבָּ֖ה (niš·bāh)
Verb - Nifal - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 7617: To transport into captivity

while no
אֵ֥ין (’ên)
Adverb
Strong's 369: A non-entity, a negative particle

one is watching,
רֹאֶֽה׃ (rō·’eh)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 7200: To see


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OT Law: Exodus 22:10 If a man delivers to his neighbor (Exo. Ex)
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