Exodus 12:45
New International Version
but a temporary resident or a hired worker may not eat it.

New Living Translation
Temporary residents and hired servants may not eat it.

English Standard Version
No foreigner or hired worker may eat of it.

Berean Standard Bible
A temporary resident or hired hand shall not eat the Passover.

King James Bible
A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.

New King James Version
A sojourner and a hired servant shall not eat it.

New American Standard Bible
A stranger or a hired worker shall not eat it.

NASB 1995
“A sojourner or a hired servant shall not eat of it.

NASB 1977
“A sojourner or a hired servant shall not eat of it.

Legacy Standard Bible
A foreign resident or a hired person shall not eat of it.

Amplified Bible
No stranger (temporary resident, foreigner) or hired servant shall eat it.

Christian Standard Bible
A temporary resident or hired worker may not eat the Passover.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
A temporary resident or hired hand may not eat the Passover.

American Standard Version
A sojourner and a hired servant shall not eat thereof.

Contemporary English Version
but no foreigners who work for you are allowed to have any.

English Revised Version
A sojourner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"No foreigner visiting you may eat it. "No hired worker may eat it.

Good News Translation
No temporary resident or hired worker may eat it.

International Standard Version
But no temporary resident or a hired servant is to eat it.

Majority Standard Bible
A temporary resident or hired hand shall not eat the Passover.

NET Bible
A foreigner and a hired worker must not eat it.

New Heart English Bible
A foreigner and a hired servant shall not eat of it.

Webster's Bible Translation
A foreigner, and a hired servant shall not eat of it.

World English Bible
A foreigner and a hired servant shall not eat of it.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
a settler or hired servant does not eat of it;

Young's Literal Translation
a settler or hired servant doth not eat of it;

Smith's Literal Translation
The sojourner and the hireling shall not eat of it.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
The stranger and the hireling shall not eat thereof.

Catholic Public Domain Version
The newcomer and the hired hand shall not eat from it.

New American Bible
But no tenant or hired worker may eat of it.

New Revised Standard Version
no bound or hired servant may eat of it.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
An alien and a hired servant shall not eat thereof.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
A settler and a hired man will not eat of it.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
A sojourner and a hired servant shall not eat thereof.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
A sojourner or hireling shall not eat of it.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Instructions for the Passover
44But any slave who has been purchased may eat of it, after you have circumcised him. 45A temporary resident or hired hand shall not eat the Passover. 46It must be eaten inside one house. You are not to take any of the meat outside the house, and you may not break any of the bones.…

Cross References
Leviticus 22:10
No one outside a priest’s family may eat the sacred offering, nor may the guest of a priest or his hired hand eat it.

Numbers 9:14
If a foreigner dwelling among you wants to observe the Passover to the LORD, he is to do so according to the Passover statute and its ordinances. You are to apply the same statute to both the foreigner and the native of the land.’”

Numbers 15:15-16
The assembly is to have the same statute both for you and for the foreign resident; it is a permanent statute for the generations to come. You and the foreigner shall be the same before the LORD. / The same law and the same ordinance will apply both to you and to the foreigner residing with you.”

Deuteronomy 16:11
and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God in the place He will choose as a dwelling for His Name—you, your sons and daughters, your menservants and maidservants, and the Levite within your gates, as well as the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widows among you.

Deuteronomy 16:14
And you shall rejoice in your feast—you, your sons and daughters, your menservants and maidservants, and the Levite, as well as the foreigner, the fatherless, and the widows among you.

Isaiah 56:6-7
And the foreigners who join themselves to the LORD to minister to Him, to love the name of the LORD, and to be His servants—all who keep the Sabbath without profaning it and who hold fast to My covenant— / I will bring them to My holy mountain and make them joyful in My house of prayer. Their burnt offerings and sacrifices will be accepted on My altar, for My house will be called a house of prayer for all the nations.”

Ezekiel 44:9
This is what the Lord GOD says: No foreigner uncircumcised in heart and flesh may enter My sanctuary—not even a foreigner who lives among the Israelites.

Genesis 17:12-13
Generation after generation, every male must be circumcised when he is eight days old, including those born in your household and those purchased from a foreigner—even those who are not your offspring. / Whether they are born in your household or purchased, they must be circumcised. My covenant in your flesh will be an everlasting covenant.

Leviticus 24:22
You are to have the same standard of law for the foreign resident and the native; for I am the LORD your God.’”

1 Samuel 21:5
David answered, “Women have indeed been kept from us, as is usual when I set out. And the bodies of the young men are holy even on common missions. How much more so today!”

Matthew 8:11-12
I say to you that many will come from the east and the west to share the banquet with Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob in the kingdom of heaven. / But the sons of the kingdom will be thrown into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.”

Matthew 22:11-13
But when the king came in to see the guests, he spotted a man who was not dressed in wedding clothes. / ‘Friend,’ he asked, ‘how did you get in here without wedding clothes?’ But the man was speechless. / Then the king told the servants, ‘Tie him hand and foot, and throw him into the outer darkness, where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’

John 10:16
I have other sheep that are not of this fold. I must bring them in as well, and they will listen to My voice. Then there will be one flock and one shepherd.

Acts 10:34-35
Then Peter began to speak: “I now truly understand that God does not show favoritism, / but welcomes those from every nation who fear Him and do what is right.

Acts 11:3
and said, “You visited uncircumcised men and ate with them.”


Treasury of Scripture

A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.

Leviticus 22:10
There shall no stranger eat of the holy thing: a sojourner of the priest, or an hired servant, shall not eat of the holy thing.

Ephesians 2:12
That at that time ye were without Christ, being aliens from the commonwealth of Israel, and strangers from the covenants of promise, having no hope, and without God in the world:

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Exodus 12
1. The beginning of the year is changed
3. The Passover is instituted
11. The import of the rite of the Passover
15. Unleavened bread
29. The firstborn are slain
31. The Israelites are driven out of the land
37. They come to Succoth
41. The time of their sojourning
43. The ordinance of the Passover














A temporary resident
The Hebrew term for "temporary resident" is "toshav," which refers to someone who resides in a place but is not a permanent member of the community. In the context of ancient Israel, this would be a foreigner living among the Israelites, perhaps for work or trade. Theologically, this distinction underscores the covenantal relationship between God and Israel. The Passover was a sacred observance meant to commemorate God's deliverance of His chosen people from Egypt. By excluding temporary residents, the text emphasizes the unique identity and calling of Israel as a people set apart for God. This separation serves as a reminder of the holiness and exclusivity of God's covenant.

or hired hand
The phrase "hired hand" translates from the Hebrew "sakir," indicating a laborer who works for wages. Unlike a slave who was considered part of the household, a hired hand was an outsider, often transient, and not integrated into the family unit. This distinction is crucial in understanding the communal and familial nature of the Passover meal. It was not merely a ritual but a familial celebration of God's deliverance. The exclusion of hired hands from the Passover meal highlights the importance of belonging and covenantal identity within the community of faith. It serves as a metaphor for the spiritual truth that participation in God's promises requires a deeper, covenantal relationship rather than a mere transactional association.

shall not eat the Passover
The Passover, or "Pesach" in Hebrew, is one of the most significant feasts in the Jewish calendar, commemorating the Israelites' liberation from Egyptian bondage. The command that a temporary resident or hired hand "shall not eat the Passover" is a directive that underscores the sanctity and exclusivity of this observance. Eating the Passover was an act of remembrance and identity, a declaration of belonging to the people whom God had redeemed. In a broader theological sense, this restriction points to the necessity of being in covenant with God to partake in His redemptive acts. For Christians, this foreshadows the New Covenant in Christ, where participation in the Lord's Supper is reserved for those who have entered into a covenant relationship with God through faith in Jesus Christ. The Passover thus becomes a profound symbol of deliverance, identity, and covenant, inviting believers to reflect on their own relationship with God and their place within His redemptive plan.

(45) An hired servant.--It is assumed that the hired servant will be a foreigner; otherwise, of course, he would participate.

Verse 45. - A foreigner. Literally "a so-journer" - i.e., a foreigner who is merely passing through the land, or staying for a time, without intending to become a permanent resident. The Septuagint πάροικος well expresses the meaning. An hired servant. It is assumed that the "hired servant" will be a foreigner; and intended to guard against any compulsion being put upon him.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
A temporary resident
תּוֹשָׁ֥ב (tō·wō·šāḇ)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 8453: Resident alien

or hired hand
וְשָׂכִ֖יר (wə·śā·ḵîr)
Conjunctive waw | Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 7916: A man at wages

shall not
לֹא־ (lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

eat the Passover.
יֹ֥אכַל־ (yō·ḵal-)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 398: To eat


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OT Law: Exodus 12:45 A foreigner and a hired servant shall (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 12:44
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