A Lame Man Walks
One afternoonThis phrase sets the scene for a specific time of day, indicating a routine or customary practice. In Jewish tradition, the day was divided into specific times for prayer, and this afternoon time would have been a regular occurrence for devout Jews. The mention of "afternoon" suggests a time of transition, possibly symbolizing the shift from the old covenant to the new covenant through the actions of the apostles.
Peter and John
Peter and John were two of Jesus' closest disciples, often seen together in the Gospels and Acts. Their partnership in ministry highlights the importance of fellowship and collaboration in the early church. Peter, known for his leadership and boldness, and John, known for his deep spiritual insight, represent a balance of action and contemplation. Their presence together underscores the unity and shared mission among the apostles.
were going up to the temple
The temple in Jerusalem was the center of Jewish worship and a place of significant religious activity. "Going up" refers to the physical ascent to the temple, which was situated on a hill. This phrase also indicates their continued participation in Jewish religious practices, showing respect for their heritage while also being part of the new movement initiated by Jesus. The temple was a place where Jesus himself taught, and now his apostles continue his work there.
at the hour of prayer
The Jewish day included three specific times for prayer: morning, afternoon, and evening. The hour of prayer mentioned here aligns with the afternoon sacrifice, a time when many would gather at the temple. This practice reflects the discipline and devotion of the early believers, who maintained regular prayer times. It also shows the continuity between Jewish customs and the emerging Christian faith.
the ninth hour
The ninth hour corresponds to 3 PM, a significant time in the Jewish day for prayer and sacrifice. This was the time of the evening sacrifice, a moment of communal worship and atonement. In the context of the New Testament, the ninth hour is also the time when Jesus cried out on the cross, "It is finished" (John 19:30), marking the completion of his sacrificial work. This connection underscores the fulfillment of Old Testament sacrificial practices through Christ's ultimate sacrifice.
And a man who was lame from birthThis phrase introduces a man with a congenital condition, emphasizing the severity and permanence of his disability. In biblical times, physical ailments were often seen as a result of sin or divine judgment, yet this man's condition from birth suggests innocence and evokes compassion. His lifelong disability sets the stage for a miraculous healing, highlighting the power of God. This mirrors other biblical accounts of healing, such as the man born blind in
John 9, where Jesus clarifies that the condition was not due to sin but for the works of God to be displayed.
was being carried to the temple gate called Beautiful
The Beautiful Gate is believed to be one of the gates leading into the temple complex in Jerusalem, possibly the Nicanor Gate, which was known for its grandeur and ornate design. This location is significant as it was a place of high traffic, ensuring the man would encounter many people. The temple was central to Jewish religious life, and being placed at its gate symbolizes the man's exclusion from full participation in worship due to his disability, as Levitical laws restricted the physically impaired from entering certain areas of the temple (Leviticus 21:17-23).
where he was put every day to beg
Begging was a common practice for those with disabilities in ancient times, as there were limited means of support. The daily routine of being placed at the gate underscores the man's dependence on others and the community's role in his survival. This practice also reflects the social and economic challenges faced by the disabled, who relied on almsgiving, a key aspect of Jewish piety, as seen in Deuteronomy 15:7-11, which encourages generosity towards the poor.
from those entering the temple courts
The temple courts were a hub of religious activity, drawing Jews from various regions for prayer and sacrifice. Those entering the temple were likely to be in a charitable mindset, making it a strategic location for begging. This setting also foreshadows the encounter with Peter and John, who, as devout Jews, were entering for prayer. The temple courts symbolize a place of divine encounter, and the man's presence there sets the stage for a transformative miracle, aligning with the theme of God's presence bringing healing and restoration.
When he saw Peter and John about to enterThis phrase sets the scene at the temple gate called Beautiful, a significant location in Jerusalem where many gathered for prayer. Peter and John, two of Jesus' closest disciples, are central figures in the early church. Their presence at the temple highlights the continuity between Jewish worship and the emerging Christian faith. The temple was a place of prayer and teaching, and the apostles often used it as a platform for spreading the gospel. This moment occurs shortly after Pentecost, when the Holy Spirit empowered the apostles, marking the beginning of their public ministry.
he asked them for money
The man, described earlier in the chapter as lame from birth, represents the marginalized and needy in society. Begging at the temple gate was common, as almsgiving was a significant aspect of Jewish piety, rooted in the Torah's commands to care for the poor (Deuteronomy 15:7-11). This act of asking for money reflects the man's immediate physical need, but it also sets the stage for a deeper spiritual encounter. The request for alms is a catalyst for the miracle that follows, illustrating the transformative power of faith and the apostles' role in continuing Jesus' ministry of healing and restoration.
Peter looked directly at himThis phrase highlights the intentionality and compassion of Peter. In the cultural context of the time, beggars were often ignored or looked down upon. Peter's direct gaze signifies acknowledgment and respect, reflecting the Christian teaching of seeing the inherent value in every individual. This act of looking directly can be seen as a reflection of Jesus' own ministry, where He often engaged personally with those marginalized by society (e.g., the woman at the well in
John 4).
as did John
John's participation underscores the unity and partnership in the early church's mission. The apostles often worked in pairs, as seen in Jesus sending out the seventy-two in Luke 10:1. This joint action also emphasizes the communal aspect of the early Christian movement, where believers supported and reinforced each other's ministry efforts. It reflects the biblical principle of two or more witnesses establishing a matter (Deuteronomy 19:15).
“Look at us!” said Peter.
Peter's command for the man to look at them is significant. In the cultural context, eye contact was a means of establishing a personal connection and conveying sincerity. This directive can be seen as a precursor to the miraculous healing that follows, indicating that something significant is about to occur. It also serves as a metaphor for spiritual awakening, where one must shift focus from earthly concerns to divine possibilities. This mirrors Jesus' call for people to "look" to Him for salvation and healing, as seen in John 3:14-15, where looking to the Son of Man brings eternal life.
So the man gave them his attentionThis phrase highlights the beggar's response to Peter and John. In the context of first-century Jerusalem, beggars often sat at the temple gates, relying on alms from worshippers. The man's attention indicates a moment of hope and anticipation. Biblically, giving attention is often a precursor to receiving divine revelation or blessing, as seen in
Proverbs 4:20, where believers are urged to pay attention to wisdom. This moment foreshadows the miraculous healing that is about to occur, emphasizing the importance of being attentive to God's messengers.
expecting to receive something from them
The beggar's expectation was likely for money, as almsgiving was a common practice in Jewish culture, rooted in the Torah's teachings on charity (Deuteronomy 15:7-11). However, this expectation sets the stage for a deeper spiritual lesson. The man anticipates a material gift, but instead, he receives a miraculous healing, illustrating the theme that God's provision often exceeds human expectations. This reflects Ephesians 3:20, where God is described as able to do immeasurably more than all we ask or imagine. The beggar's expectation also serves as a metaphor for the broader human condition, where people often seek temporary solutions, but God offers eternal transformation through Christ.
But Peter said,Peter, one of the twelve apostles and a leading figure in the early church, often took the role of spokesperson. His boldness and leadership are evident throughout the Book of Acts. This moment occurs shortly after Pentecost, where Peter had already delivered a powerful sermon leading to the conversion of thousands.
“Silver or gold I do not have,
The early church was characterized by communal living and sharing of resources, as seen in Acts 2:44-45. Peter and John, like many of the apostles, did not possess personal wealth. This statement highlights the apostles' focus on spiritual riches over material wealth, echoing Jesus' teachings in Matthew 6:19-21 about storing treasures in heaven.
but what I have I give you:
Peter offers something far more valuable than money—spiritual healing and the power of God. This reflects the Christian belief that spiritual gifts and the power of the Holy Spirit are of greater worth than material possessions. It also demonstrates the apostles' role as conduits of God's power, as seen in Acts 1:8.
In the name of Jesus Christ of Nazareth,
The invocation of Jesus' name signifies authority and power. In Jewish culture, a name represented a person's character and authority. By using Jesus' name, Peter emphasizes that the miracle is performed through Jesus' power, not his own. This also fulfills Jesus' promise in John 14:13-14 that whatever is asked in His name will be done.
get up and walk!”
This command demonstrates the miraculous power of Jesus working through His apostles. The healing of the lame man is a sign of the in-breaking of God's kingdom, reminiscent of Jesus' own healing miracles, such as in Mark 2:9-12. It also fulfills Old Testament prophecies like Isaiah 35:6, which speaks of the lame leaping like a deer in the Messianic age. This miracle serves as a testament to the truth of the apostles' message and the reality of the resurrection power of Jesus.
Taking him by the right handThis gesture signifies compassion and personal involvement. In biblical times, the right hand often symbolized power and authority (
Isaiah 41:10). Peter's action reflects Jesus' own ministry, where He frequently touched those He healed (
Mark 1:41). The act of taking the man by the hand also demonstrates faith in action, as Peter physically engages with the man, trusting in the power of Jesus to heal.
Peter helped him up
Peter's assistance highlights the role of the apostles in continuing Jesus' work on earth. This act of helping the man up is symbolic of spiritual elevation and restoration. It mirrors the mission of the early church to lift people from spiritual and physical despair. The apostles were empowered by the Holy Spirit to perform miracles, as seen in Acts 2:43, which served as a testament to the truth of their message.
and at once the man’s feet and ankles were made strong
The immediate healing underscores the miraculous nature of the event, emphasizing the divine power at work. This instantaneous strengthening of the man's feet and ankles fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 35:6, where the lame will leap like a deer. It also serves as a type of spiritual healing and restoration available through Christ, illustrating the transformative power of faith. The physical healing is a sign pointing to the greater spiritual healing that Jesus offers to all who believe.
He sprang to his feet and began to walk.This phrase captures the miraculous healing of a man who had been lame from birth. The immediate response of the man, springing to his feet, signifies the completeness and instant nature of the miracle performed by Peter through the power of Jesus Christ. This act fulfills the prophecy in
Isaiah 35:6, which speaks of the lame leaping like a deer, symbolizing the coming of the Messianic age. The healing serves as a testament to the authority of the apostles and the power of the Holy Spirit working through them, as promised by Jesus in
Acts 1:8.
Then he went with them into the temple courts,
The temple courts were a central place of worship and gathering for the Jewish people in Jerusalem. By entering the temple courts, the healed man not only demonstrates his physical restoration but also his reintegration into the religious community from which his disability had marginalized him. This act signifies the breaking down of barriers and the inclusivity of the Gospel message. The temple, being the heart of Jewish religious life, underscores the significance of the miracle as a public testimony to the power of Jesus' name.
walking and leaping and praising God.
The man's actions of walking and leaping are a direct fulfillment of the joy and liberation prophesied in Isaiah 35:6. His praise to God highlights the appropriate response to divine intervention and healing. This expression of gratitude and worship points to the ultimate purpose of miracles: to glorify God and draw attention to His sovereignty and grace. The public nature of his praise serves as a witness to those present, emphasizing the transformative power of faith in Jesus Christ and the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies through His ministry.
When all the peopleThis phrase indicates a public setting, likely near the temple where many gathered for prayer and worship. The temple was a central place for Jewish life, and events there would attract significant attention. The gathering of "all the people" suggests a large crowd, emphasizing the public nature of the miracle and its impact on the community.
saw him walking
The man who was healed had been lame from birth, as described earlier in Acts 3. His ability to walk was a visible, undeniable miracle. Walking symbolizes restoration and new life, often associated with spiritual renewal in biblical texts. This act fulfilled the prophecy in Isaiah 35:6, where the lame are said to "leap like a deer," pointing to the messianic age.
and praising God,
The healed man's response was to praise God, highlighting the proper reaction to divine intervention. This act of worship underscores the recognition of God's power and mercy. It also serves as a testimony to the people, directing their attention to God as the source of the miracle. This aligns with the biblical theme that miracles are meant to glorify God and lead others to faith, as seen in other New Testament accounts of healing.
they recognized him as the manThis phrase indicates that the man was a familiar figure to those who frequented the temple. His presence was well-known, suggesting he had been begging there for a significant period. This recognition underscores the authenticity of the miracle, as the people could attest to his previous condition.
who used to sit begging
Begging was a common practice for those with disabilities in ancient times, as there were limited means of support. The man's condition left him reliant on the charity of temple-goers. This setting highlights the social and economic challenges faced by individuals with disabilities in first-century Judea.
at the Beautiful Gate of the temple
The Beautiful Gate is believed to be one of the main entrances to the temple, possibly the Nicanor Gate, which was adorned with Corinthian bronze. Its location was strategic for beggars, as it was a place of high traffic where worshippers entered to pray, making it an ideal spot for almsgiving.
and they were filled with wonder and amazement
The reaction of the people reflects the impact of witnessing a genuine miracle. Such signs were intended to provoke awe and point to the divine power at work through the apostles. This response is consistent with other biblical accounts where miracles lead to amazement and often to faith.
at what had happened to him
The transformation of the man from a beggar to someone who could walk was undeniable evidence of divine intervention. This miracle served as a testament to the power of Jesus Christ working through His apostles, fulfilling the promise of signs and wonders accompanying the spread of the Gospel. It also echoes the messianic prophecies of healing and restoration found in Isaiah, pointing to the kingdom of God breaking into the world.
Peter Speaks in Solomon’s Colonnade
While the man clung to Peter and JohnThe man referred to here is the lame beggar who was healed by Peter and John at the temple gate called Beautiful. His clinging signifies gratitude and amazement at his newfound ability to walk. This act of clinging also symbolizes the dependence of new believers on the apostles for spiritual guidance. The healing is a testament to the power of Jesus' name, as Peter had invoked it for the miracle. This event echoes the miracles of Jesus, who often healed the lame, demonstrating the continuity of His work through the apostles.
all the people were astonished
The crowd's astonishment reflects the miraculous nature of the healing. In a culture where physical ailments were often seen as a result of sin or divine displeasure, such a transformation would have been shocking. The reaction of the people is reminiscent of the amazement often shown by crowds during Jesus' ministry, as seen in passages like Matthew 9:33. This astonishment sets the stage for Peter's subsequent sermon, where he explains the source of their power and calls the people to repentance.
and ran to them
The urgency with which the people ran to Peter and John indicates their eagerness to witness the miracle and understand its significance. This eagerness is a common response to divine acts, as seen in other biblical accounts where crowds gather quickly to witness or hear about miraculous events, such as in Mark 6:33. The gathering of the crowd provides Peter with an opportunity to preach the gospel, highlighting the role of miracles in drawing people to hear the message of Christ.
in the walkway called Solomon’s Colonnade
Solomon's Colonnade, also known as Solomon's Porch, was a covered area on the eastern side of the Temple Mount. It was a place where Jesus had previously taught (John 10:23) and where early Christians often gathered (Acts 5:12). The location is significant as it connects the ministry of Jesus with the early church, showing continuity in the place of teaching and gathering. The colonnade's historical and architectural significance as part of the temple complex underscores the public and communal nature of the early Christian witness.
And when Peter saw this, he addressed the people:Peter, one of the leading apostles, takes the opportunity to speak to the crowd gathered at Solomon's Colonnade. This setting is significant as it was a common place for teaching and gathering in the Temple area. Peter's readiness to address the people reflects the boldness and authority given to him by the Holy Spirit, as seen in
Acts 2 during Pentecost.
Men of Israel,
Peter addresses the crowd as "Men of Israel," acknowledging their shared heritage and covenant relationship with God. This phrase connects the audience to the patriarchs and the promises given to Israel, emphasizing their identity as God's chosen people.
why are you surprised by this?
The miracle of healing the lame man at the Beautiful Gate astonished the onlookers. Peter questions their surprise, suggesting that such acts should be expected as a continuation of Jesus' ministry. This reflects the fulfillment of prophecies and the power of God at work through the apostles.
Why do you stare at us
Peter redirects the attention from himself and John to God. This humility is consistent with the teachings of Jesus, who emphasized servanthood and the glorification of God rather than self. It also serves as a reminder that the apostles are merely instruments of God's power.
as if by our own power or godliness
Peter clarifies that the miracle was not due to any inherent power or piety on their part. This distinction is crucial in the early church to prevent the elevation of apostles to a status that detracts from the glory due to God alone. It echoes the biblical theme that God uses the humble and the weak to accomplish His purposes.
we had made this man walk?
The healing of the lame man is a testament to the power of Jesus' name and faith in Him. This miracle serves as a sign pointing to the truth of the gospel and the resurrection of Jesus. It also fulfills Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah bringing healing and restoration, as seen in Isaiah 35:6, where the lame are said to leap like a deer.
The God of Abraham, Isaac, and JacobThis phrase establishes a direct connection to the patriarchs of Israel, emphasizing continuity with the Jewish faith. It highlights the fulfillment of God's promises to the patriarchs, as seen in
Genesis 12:1-3, where God promises Abraham that all nations will be blessed through his offspring. This connection underscores the legitimacy of the Christian message to a Jewish audience, affirming that Jesus is the fulfillment of the covenant made with their ancestors.
the God of our fathers
This phrase reinforces the communal and historical identity of the Jewish people. It emphasizes that the God who acted in the past is the same God who is acting in the present through Jesus. This continuity is crucial for understanding the unfolding of God's redemptive plan, as seen in Exodus 3:15, where God identifies Himself as the God of the patriarchs to Moses, linking the past with the present mission.
has glorified His servant Jesus
The term "servant" is significant, as it echoes the "Servant Songs" of Isaiah, particularly Isaiah 52:13-53:12, which describe a suffering servant who will be exalted. This connection highlights Jesus as the prophesied servant who suffers and is glorified, fulfilling the messianic expectations. The glorification of Jesus is seen in His resurrection and ascension, affirming His divine approval and authority.
You handed Him over and rejected Him before Pilate
This phrase addresses the responsibility of the Jewish leaders and people in the trial and crucifixion of Jesus. It reflects the historical events recorded in the Gospels, where Jesus is brought before Pilate (Matthew 27:1-2, Mark 15:1, Luke 23:1, John 18:28). The rejection of Jesus by His own people fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 53:3, where the servant is despised and rejected by men.
even though he had decided to release Him
This highlights Pilate's initial intention to release Jesus, as seen in Luke 23:4, 14-16, where Pilate finds no basis for a charge against Him. It underscores the injustice of Jesus' condemnation and the fulfillment of God's sovereign plan despite human actions. This aspect of the narrative demonstrates the tension between divine providence and human responsibility, as seen in Acts 2:23, where Peter speaks of Jesus being handed over by God's set purpose and foreknowledge.
You rejected the Holy and Righteous OneThis phrase highlights the rejection of Jesus by the Jewish leaders and people. The title "Holy and Righteous One" emphasizes Jesus' sinlessness and divine nature, fulfilling Old Testament prophecies such as
Isaiah 53:11, which speaks of the Righteous Servant. The rejection is a fulfillment of prophecies like
Psalm 118:22, where the stone the builders rejected becomes the cornerstone. This rejection is significant in the context of the Jewish expectation of a Messiah who would be holy and just, yet they failed to recognize Jesus as such.
and asked that a murderer be released to you
This refers to the choice given to the crowd by Pontius Pilate during Jesus' trial, as recorded in the Gospels (e.g., Mark 15:6-15). The crowd chose Barabbas, a known insurrectionist and murderer, over Jesus. This decision underscores the moral and spiritual blindness of the people at that time. It also serves as a stark contrast between the innocence of Jesus and the guilt of Barabbas, highlighting the substitutionary aspect of Jesus' sacrifice. The release of Barabbas can be seen as a type of the atonement, where the guilty are set free because the innocent takes their place.
You killed the Author of lifeThis phrase is a direct accusation against the Jewish leaders and people who demanded Jesus' crucifixion. The term "Author of life" signifies Jesus as the originator and sustainer of all life, aligning with
John 1:3, which states that all things were made through Him. This highlights the irony and gravity of their actions, as they sought to destroy the very source of life. Theologically, it underscores the belief in Jesus' divinity and His role in creation, as seen in
Colossians 1:16-17. The phrase also reflects the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah being rejected by His own people, such as in
Isaiah 53:3.
but God raised Him from the dead
This statement affirms the core Christian belief in the resurrection, which is central to the gospel message. The resurrection is seen as God's vindication of Jesus, proving His divine nature and the truth of His teachings. It fulfills prophecies like Psalm 16:10, which speaks of God not allowing His Holy One to see decay. The resurrection is also a pivotal event that distinguishes Christianity from other faiths, as it demonstrates victory over sin and death, offering hope of eternal life to believers.
and we are witnesses of this fact
The apostles, including Peter who is speaking here, were eyewitnesses to the resurrected Christ, as detailed in Acts 1:3. Their testimony is foundational to the early church's proclamation of the gospel. The emphasis on eyewitness accounts serves to authenticate the message and encourage faith in the resurrection. This phrase also connects to the Great Commission in Matthew 28:19-20, where Jesus commands His followers to be His witnesses to the ends of the earth. The apostles' witness is a fulfillment of Jesus' promise in Acts 1:8 that they would receive power to testify about Him.
By faith in the name of JesusThe phrase emphasizes the power and authority inherent in the name of Jesus. In biblical times, a name was more than a label; it represented the essence and authority of a person. Faith in Jesus' name implies trust in His divine power and identity as the Messiah. This reflects the early church's understanding of Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as
Isaiah 53, which speaks of the suffering servant who brings healing and redemption.
this man whom you see and know has been made strong
The man referred to is the lame beggar healed at the temple gate called Beautiful (Acts 3:2). His healing was a public event, witnessed by many who frequented the temple, thus providing undeniable evidence of the miracle. This act of healing serves as a sign of the in-breaking of God's kingdom through the apostles' ministry, echoing Jesus' own healing miracles and fulfilling His promise that His followers would do greater works (John 14:12).
It is Jesus’ name and the faith that comes through Him
This phrase underscores that the source of the healing is not the apostles themselves but Jesus. The faith that comes through Him suggests that even the ability to believe is a gift from God, aligning with Ephesians 2:8-9, which teaches that faith is a gift of grace. This highlights the early church's reliance on divine empowerment rather than human ability.
that has given him this complete healing in your presence
The term "complete healing" indicates not just physical restoration but also a holistic renewal, reflecting the biblical concept of shalom, or peace, which encompasses well-being in all aspects of life. The public nature of the healing serves as a testimony to the power of Jesus and the truth of the apostles' message, reinforcing the credibility of their witness and the transformative impact of the gospel. This event also prefigures the ultimate restoration promised in the new creation (Revelation 21:4).
And now, brothers,This phrase indicates a shift in Peter's address, showing a personal and familial connection with his audience, the Jewish people. The term "brothers" reflects the common Jewish heritage and shared faith in the God of Israel. It also emphasizes the unity and continuity between the Old Covenant community and the emerging Christian community.
I know that you acted in ignorance,
Peter acknowledges that the actions of the people, specifically their role in the crucifixion of Jesus, were done without full understanding. This reflects a theme found in the Old Testament, where unintentional sins were treated differently from willful disobedience (Numbers 15:27-31). It also aligns with Jesus' words on the cross, "Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing" (Luke 23:34). This ignorance does not absolve them of guilt but opens the door for repentance and forgiveness.
as did your leaders.
Peter includes the Jewish leaders in this statement, indicating that even those in positions of religious authority were unaware of the full implications of their actions. This highlights the fulfillment of prophecies such as Isaiah 53, where the suffering servant is rejected by his own people. It also underscores the theme of spiritual blindness that Jesus often addressed in His ministry (John 9:39-41). The leaders' ignorance serves as a reminder of the need for divine revelation to truly understand God's purposes.
But in this wayThis phrase indicates the method or manner in which God's plan was accomplished. It suggests a divine orchestration of events, emphasizing that the unfolding of these events was not random but part of a predetermined plan. This aligns with the biblical theme of God's sovereignty and providence, where He works through history to achieve His purposes.
God has fulfilled
The fulfillment of God's promises is a central theme in Scripture, highlighting His faithfulness and reliability. This phrase underscores the idea that what was promised in the past has now come to fruition. It reflects the biblical narrative of God’s redemptive plan, which is consistently fulfilled throughout history, as seen in the fulfillment of prophecies concerning Jesus Christ.
what He foretold through all the prophets
The prophets of the Old Testament, such as Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Daniel, spoke of the coming Messiah and the salvation He would bring. This phrase emphasizes the continuity and consistency of God's message throughout the Scriptures. It also highlights the role of prophecy in validating Jesus as the Messiah, as these prophecies were given centuries before His birth and were fulfilled in His life, death, and resurrection.
saying that His Christ
The term "Christ" is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew "Messiah," meaning "Anointed One." This title signifies Jesus' divine appointment and mission. The use of "His Christ" indicates possession, emphasizing that Jesus is the one chosen and sent by God. This connects to the messianic expectations found in the Old Testament, where the Messiah is depicted as a deliverer and king.
would suffer
The suffering of the Messiah was a concept that was difficult for many to accept, as the prevailing expectation was for a triumphant, conquering king. However, passages like Isaiah 53 vividly describe the suffering servant, who would bear the sins of many. This suffering was necessary for the atonement of sin, fulfilling the sacrificial system established in the Old Testament and pointing to Jesus as the ultimate sacrifice. This phrase highlights the paradox of the Messiah's mission, where victory is achieved through suffering and death.
Repent, then, and turn backThe call to "repent" is a central theme in the New Testament, emphasizing a change of mind and heart. In the context of
Acts 3, Peter is addressing the Jewish audience in Jerusalem, urging them to recognize Jesus as the Messiah. Repentance involves acknowledging one's sins and turning away from them, aligning with the Hebrew concept of "teshuvah," which means to return to God. This call echoes the message of John the Baptist and Jesus Himself, who both began their ministries with a call to repentance (
Matthew 3:2, 4:17). The phrase "turn back" suggests a return to God, reminiscent of the Old Testament prophets who called Israel to return to the Lord (
Jeremiah 3:12,
Hosea 14:1).
so that your sins may be wiped away
The imagery of sins being "wiped away" is powerful, suggesting complete removal and cleansing. This reflects the promise of forgiveness found in the New Covenant, as prophesied in Jeremiah 31:34, where God promises to remember sins no more. The Greek term used here can also mean "blotted out," akin to erasing ink from a parchment, indicating that sins are not merely covered but completely removed. This concept is fulfilled in the sacrificial death and resurrection of Jesus Christ, who provides the ultimate atonement for sin (Hebrews 9:26). The idea of sins being wiped away also connects to the Day of Atonement in Leviticus 16, where the high priest would make atonement for the people, prefiguring Christ's atoning work.
that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the LordThis phrase suggests a period of spiritual renewal and revival, which is a recurring theme in the Bible. The "times of refreshing" can be seen as a fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, such as those found in
Isaiah 35:1-10, where the desert is transformed into a fertile land, symbolizing spiritual rejuvenation. The presence of the Lord is often associated with divine intervention and blessing, as seen in
Exodus 33:14, where God's presence is promised to bring rest. This phrase also connects to the idea of the Holy Spirit's work in the believer's life, bringing comfort and renewal (
John 14:26).
and that He may send Jesus
This part of the verse points to the second coming of Christ, a central tenet of Christian eschatology. The sending of Jesus is a fulfillment of the promise of His return, as mentioned in John 14:3 and Acts 1:11. The early church lived with the expectation of Christ's imminent return, which provided hope and motivation for holy living. This expectation is rooted in the teachings of Jesus Himself, who spoke of His return in passages like Matthew 24:30-31.
the Christ
The term "Christ" is the Greek equivalent of the Hebrew "Messiah," meaning "Anointed One." This title affirms Jesus' role as the promised deliverer and king prophesied in the Old Testament. Passages such as Psalm 2:2 and Isaiah 61:1-3 speak of the Messiah's anointing and mission. Recognizing Jesus as the Christ is central to Christian faith, as it acknowledges Him as the fulfillment of messianic prophecies and the one who brings salvation to humanity.
who has been appointed for you
This phrase emphasizes the divine plan and purpose in Jesus' mission. The appointment of Jesus is part of God's sovereign will, as seen in passages like Ephesians 1:4-5, which speak of God's predestined plan for salvation. The personal nature of "for you" highlights the individual and communal aspect of salvation, indicating that Jesus' mission was intended for the audience of Peter's sermon and, by extension, for all believers. This appointment underscores the grace and intentionality of God's redemptive work through Christ.
Heaven must take Him inThis phrase refers to the ascension of Jesus Christ into heaven, as described in
Acts 1:9-11. After His resurrection, Jesus was taken up into heaven, where He is seated at the right hand of God (
Mark 16:19,
Hebrews 1:3). This event fulfills the prophecy of
Psalm 110:1, where David speaks of the Lord saying to his Lord, "Sit at My right hand until I make Your enemies a footstool for Your feet." The ascension signifies Jesus' exaltation and His ongoing intercessory role for believers (
Romans 8:34).
until the time comes for the restoration of all things
This phrase points to the eschatological hope of the complete restoration of creation, as promised throughout Scripture. The "restoration of all things" is linked to the return of Christ and the establishment of His kingdom (Revelation 21:1-5). This restoration includes the renewal of the earth and the fulfillment of God's promises to Israel and the Church. It echoes the prophetic visions of a new heaven and a new earth found in Isaiah 65:17 and 2 Peter 3:13.
which God announced long ago through His holy prophets
The prophets of the Old Testament, such as Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Ezekiel, spoke of a future time when God would restore His people and creation. Isaiah 11:6-9 describes a harmonious world where peace reigns, and Ezekiel 37:21-28 speaks of the reunification and spiritual renewal of Israel. These prophecies find their ultimate fulfillment in the messianic age inaugurated by Jesus Christ. The consistent message of the prophets underscores God's sovereign plan and faithfulness to His covenant promises.
For Moses saidThis phrase refers to a prophecy given by Moses, found in
Deuteronomy 18:15-19. Moses, as a central figure in the Old Testament, was a prophet, leader, and lawgiver. His words carried significant authority among the Israelites, and his prophecies were considered foundational to Jewish expectations of a coming Messiah.
‘The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet
This prophecy speaks of a future prophet whom God Himself will appoint. The phrase "raise up" indicates divine action and selection, emphasizing that this prophet will be chosen by God, not by human decision. This aligns with the Jewish expectation of a Messiah, a divinely appointed leader who would guide and deliver Israel.
like me
Moses was a unique prophet who spoke with God face to face and led the Israelites out of Egypt. The comparison "like me" suggests that the coming prophet would have a similar intimate relationship with God and a significant role in delivering and guiding God's people. This is seen as a typology of Jesus Christ, who is considered the ultimate fulfillment of this prophecy, as He is both a prophet and the Son of God.
from among your brothers
This indicates that the prophet would be an Israelite, coming from the Jewish people. It emphasizes the continuity of God's covenant with Israel and His faithfulness to His promises. Jesus, being born into a Jewish family, fulfills this aspect of the prophecy, reinforcing His role as the promised Messiah to the Jewish nation.
You must listen to Him
This command underscores the authority of the coming prophet. Listening implies obedience and submission to His teachings and commands. In the New Testament, Jesus is often portrayed as one who speaks with authority, and His teachings are central to Christian doctrine. This phrase highlights the importance of heeding His words for guidance and salvation.
in everything He tells you
The scope of the prophet's authority is comprehensive, covering all aspects of life and faith. This reflects the belief that Jesus' teachings are complete and sufficient for guiding believers in all matters of faith and practice. It also points to the necessity of accepting Jesus' message in its entirety, as partial acceptance would not fulfill the command to listen to Him in everything.
Everyone who does not listen to HimThis phrase emphasizes the necessity of heeding the words of Jesus Christ, the prophet like Moses, as foretold in
Deuteronomy 18:15-19. The call to listen is a recurring biblical theme, underscoring the importance of obedience to God's chosen messenger. In the context of Acts, Peter is addressing the Jewish audience, urging them to recognize Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecy. The concept of listening implies not just hearing but also obeying and following the teachings of Christ, which is a central tenet of Christian discipleship.
will be completely cut off
The phrase "completely cut off" indicates a severe consequence for disobedience. In the Old Testament, being "cut off" often referred to being excluded from the community of Israel, which could mean physical death or spiritual separation (Genesis 17:14, Exodus 12:15). This reflects the seriousness of rejecting God's appointed prophet. In the New Testament context, it implies eternal separation from God, highlighting the gravity of rejecting Jesus as the Messiah. This serves as a warning to the audience about the eternal implications of their response to Christ.
from among his people.
This phrase underscores the communal aspect of faith in the biblical narrative. In the Old Testament, being part of "his people" meant being included in the covenant community of Israel. For the early Christians, it meant being part of the new covenant community, the Church. The warning here is that rejection of Jesus results in exclusion from the people of God, both in a temporal and eternal sense. This reflects the shift from a national identity to a spiritual one, where faith in Christ determines inclusion in God's people, as seen in passages like Romans 9:6-8 and Galatians 3:7-9.
Indeed, all the prophets from Samuel onSamuel is considered the last of the judges and the first of the prophets in a formal sense, marking a transition in Israel's history. His role was pivotal in establishing the monarchy, anointing both Saul and David as kings. The reference to "all the prophets from Samuel on" highlights the continuity of prophetic witness throughout Israel's history. Samuel's ministry set the stage for the prophetic tradition that would follow, emphasizing obedience to God and the anticipation of a future messianic kingdom.
as many as have spoken
This phrase underscores the collective testimony of the prophets. It suggests that the prophetic messages were not isolated or random but part of a unified divine revelation. The prophets, including Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets, consistently pointed towards a future hope and restoration, often interpreted as the coming of the Messiah and the establishment of God's kingdom.
have proclaimed these days
"These days" refers to the era inaugurated by the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ, which the early church believed fulfilled the prophetic promises. The phrase indicates that the events of the New Testament, particularly the coming of Christ and the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, were the fulfillment of what the prophets had long anticipated. This fulfillment is seen as a validation of the prophetic tradition and a confirmation of Jesus as the promised Messiah.
And you are sons of the prophetsThis phrase identifies the audience as descendants of the prophets, indicating a spiritual heritage. The prophets were God's messengers, and their teachings and prophecies were foundational to Israel's identity. This connection emphasizes the continuity of God's plan through Israel's history. The audience, likely Jewish, would have understood the significance of being linked to figures like Isaiah, Jeremiah, and Elijah, who foretold the coming of the Messiah.
and of the covenant God made with your fathers
The covenant refers to the promises God made to the patriarchs, particularly Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. This covenant is central to Jewish identity and theology, as it established Israel as God's chosen people. The Abrahamic Covenant included promises of land, descendants, and blessing, which are foundational to understanding God's redemptive plan. This covenant is unconditional, highlighting God's faithfulness despite human unfaithfulness.
when He said to Abraham
This phrase points to the specific moment when God made His covenant with Abraham, recorded in Genesis 12:1-3, 15:1-21, and 17:1-14. Abraham is a pivotal figure in biblical history, often called the "father of faith." His faith and obedience set a precedent for future generations. The covenant with Abraham is reiterated throughout Scripture, underscoring its importance in God's plan for humanity.
‘Through your offspring all the families of the earth will be blessed.’
This promise is a key element of the Abrahamic Covenant, indicating that Abraham's descendants would be a source of blessing to all nations. This prophecy finds its ultimate fulfillment in Jesus Christ, a descendant of Abraham, through whom salvation is offered to all people. The phrase underscores the universal scope of God's redemptive plan, extending beyond Israel to include all nations. This promise is echoed in Galatians 3:8, where Paul explains that the Gospel was preached in advance to Abraham, highlighting the continuity of God's plan through Christ.
When God raised up His ServantThis phrase refers to the resurrection of Jesus Christ, whom God raised from the dead. The term "Servant" is significant, echoing the "Suffering Servant" in
Isaiah 52:13-53:12, a prophecy about the Messiah who would suffer for the sins of the people. The resurrection is central to Christian faith, affirming Jesus as the Messiah and validating His teachings and sacrifice. The concept of God raising up a servant also connects to the Old Testament, where God often raised leaders to deliver Israel, such as Moses and David.
He sent Him first to you
The "you" here refers to the Jewish people, emphasizing that Jesus' ministry was initially directed towards Israel. This aligns with Jesus' own statements during His earthly ministry, such as in Matthew 15:24, where He says He was sent "only to the lost sheep of the house of Israel." This priority reflects God's covenantal relationship with Israel, as they were chosen to be a light to the nations (Isaiah 49:6). The early church, as seen in Acts, began its mission in Jerusalem before spreading to the Gentiles.
to bless you
The blessing mentioned is spiritual in nature, focusing on salvation and the forgiveness of sins. This echoes the Abrahamic covenant in Genesis 12:3, where God promises that through Abraham's offspring, all nations would be blessed. Jesus, as a descendant of Abraham, fulfills this promise, offering the ultimate blessing of reconciliation with God. The concept of blessing also ties into the Jewish understanding of shalom, which encompasses peace, wholeness, and well-being.
by turning each of you from your wicked ways
Repentance is a key theme here, indicating a turning away from sin and towards God. This call to repentance is consistent with the messages of the prophets in the Old Testament, who urged Israel to return to God (e.g., Joel 2:12-13). In the New Testament, John the Baptist and Jesus both began their ministries with a call to repentance (Matthew 3:2, 4:17). The phrase underscores the personal responsibility of each individual to respond to God's offer of salvation and transformation through Jesus Christ.