Lexical Summary krima: Judgment, verdict, condemnation, decision Original Word: κρίμα Strong's Exhaustive Concordance condemnation, damnation, judgment. From krino; a decision (the function or the effect, for or against ("crime")) -- avenge, condemned, condemnation, damnation, + go to law, judgment. see GREEK krino HELPS Word-studies Cognate: 2917 kríma (a neuter noun derived from 2919 /krínō, "to distinguish, judge") – judgment, emphasizing its result (note the -ma suffix). This is everlasting damnation (torment) for the unredeemed (the usual implication of 2319 /theostygḗs) – or the eternal benefits that come from the Lord's judgment in favor of the redeemed (cf. Rev 20:4). See 2919 (krinō). 2917 /kríma ("the results of a judgment") dramatically links cause-to-effect. Indeed, every decision (action) we make carries inevitable eternal results (cf. Ecc 12;14). NAS Exhaustive Concordance Word Originfrom krinó Definition a judgment NASB Translation condemnation (8), judgment (15), judgments (1), lawsuits (1), sentence (1), sentence of condemnation (1), way (1). Thayer's Greek Lexicon STRONGS NT 2917: κρίμακρίμα (G T WH) or κρίμα (L Tr (more commonly)) (on the accent cf. Winers Grammar, p. 50; Lipsius, Grammat. Untersuch., p. 40f (who gives the preference to κρίμα, as do Alexander Buttmann (1873) 78 (64); Cobet (N. T. ad fid. etc., p. 49f); Fritzsche (Romans, vol. i., 96, 107); others; "videtur ἰantiquitati Graecae, ἰAlexandrinae aetati placuisse," Tdf. Proleg. to the Sept. edition 4, p. xxx.; on the accent in extant manuscripts see Tdf. Proleg., p. 101; cf. especially Lobeck, Paralip., p. 418)), κρίματος, τό (from κρίνω, which see; as κλίμα from κλίνω) (Aeschylus down), the Sept. very often for מִשְׁפָּט; 1. a decree: plural, τοῦ Θεοῦ, Romans 11:33 (others here (with A. V.) judgments; cf. Weiss in Meyer at the passage) (Psalm 118:75 2. judgment; i. e. condemnation of wrong, the decision (whether severe or mild) which one passes on the faults of others: κρίματι τίνι κρίνειν, Matthew 7:2. In a forensic sense, the sentence of a judge: with a genitive of the punishment to which one is sentenced, θανάτου, Luke 24:20; especially the sentence of God as judge: τό κρίμα ... εἰς κατάκριμα, the judgment (in which God declared sin to be punishable with death) issued in condemnation, i. e. was condemnation to all who sinned and therefore paid the penalty of death Romans 5:16; especially where the justice of God in punishing is to be shown, κρίμα denotes condemnatory sentence, penal judgment, sentence, 2 Peter 2:3; Jude 1:4; with the genitive of the one who pronounces judgment, τοῦ Θεοῦ, Romans 2:2f; λαμβάνεσθαι κρίμα, Matthew 23:13-14Rec.; Mark 12:40; Luke 20:47; Romans 13:2; James 3:1; the one on whom God passes judgment is said ἔχειν κρίμα, 1 Timothy 5:12; (βαστάζειν τό κρίμα, to bear the force of the condemnatory judgment in suffering punishment (see βαστάζω, 2), Galatians 5:10; κρίμα ἐσθίειν ἑαυτῷ, so to eat as to incur the judgment or punishment of God, 1 Corinthians 11:29; εἰς κρίμα συνέρχεσθαι, to incur the condemnation of God, 34; εἶναι ἐν τῷ αὐτῷ κρίματι, to lie under the same condemnation, pay the same penalty, Luke 23:40; with the genitive of the one on whom condemnation is passed, Romans 3:8; 1 Timothy 3:6; Revelation 17:1. the judgment which is formed or passed: by God, through what Christ accomplished on earth, εἰς κρίμα ἐγώ εἰς τόν κόσμον τοῦτον ἦλθον, where by way of explanation is added ἵνα κτλ., to this end, that etc. John 9:39; τό κρίμα ἄρχεται, the execution of judgment as displayed in the infliction of punishment, 1 Peter 4:17; the last or final judgment is called τοῦ κρίματος τοῦ μέλλοντος, Acts 24:25; κρίματος αἰωνίου, eternally in force, Hebrews 6:2; the vindication of one's right, κρίνειν τό κρίμα τίνος ἐκ τίνος, to vindicate one's right by taking vengeance or inflicting punishment on another, Revelation 18:20 ((R. V. God hath judged your judgment on her), see ἐκ, I. 7); equivalent to the power and business of judging: κρίμα διδόναι τίνι, Revelation 20:4. 3. a matter to be judicially decided, a lawsuit, a case in court: κρίματα ἔχειν μετά τίνος, 1 Corinthians 6:7. Krima denotes a judicial verdict that settles a matter. Depending on context it can speak of (1) a sentence of condemnation, (2) the act of judging, or (3) the resulting punishment. It always carries the idea that a morally accountable decision has been rendered, either by God or by legitimate human authority acting under God. Old Testament background The Septuagint often employs krima for Hebrew terms referring to legal decisions issued by judges (for example, Exodus 23:6-7). This backdrop situates the New Testament use within a covenant framework: God, the covenant Lord, judges His people according to revealed standards. Krima in the teaching of Jesus In the Gospels the word is reserved for solemn warnings. Jesus pronounces “harsher judgment” on religious hypocrites who “devour widows’ houses” (Mark 12:40; Matthew 23:14). At His trial the chief priests confess that they handed Him over “to the sentence of death” (Luke 24:20). Jesus also explains that His coming divides humanity: “For judgment I have come into this world” (John 9:39). Thus the incarnate Son is both the standard and the Judge. Pauline exposition Paul tightens the forensic aspect of krima. • Universal accountability: “We know that God’s judgment against those who do such things is based on truth” (Romans 2:2); no one will “escape the judgment of God” (Romans 2:3). Pastoral epistles and church leadership Paul warns that a recent convert who becomes an overseer may “fall under the same judgment as the devil” (1 Timothy 3:6). Younger widows who abandon their pledge “incur judgment” (1 Timothy 5:12). Leadership therefore demands maturity shaped by reverent fear. Sobering warnings for teachers James 3:1 states, “Not many of you should become teachers, my brothers, because you know that we who teach will be judged more strictly.” The privilege of teaching carries heightened accountability. False teachers and their doom Peter and Jude apply krima to the certain fate of deceivers: “Their condemnation has long been hanging over them, and their destruction has not been sleeping” (2 Peter 2:3). Jude echoes, “Certain men… were designated long ago for condemnation” (Jude 1:4). Apostolic communities were thus to guard doctrinal purity. Culmination in final judgment Hebrews lists “eternal judgment” (Hebrews 6:2) among foundational doctrines. Revelation portrays the climactic execution of God’s verdict: Themes of mercy and assurance While krima often conveys condemnation, it also highlights the magnificence of grace. Paul marvels, “Oh, the depth of the riches of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable His judgments” (Romans 11:33). For believers, self-examination and discipline avert eschatological ruin, underlining that “there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus” (Romans 8:1, cf.). Implications for ministry and discipleship 1. Preaching must present both salvation and impending judgment. Thus krima threads through Scripture as a sober reminder that the Judge of all the earth will do right, while offering hope through the atoning work of Jesus Christ, who bore the believer’s sentence and secured everlasting acquittal. Englishman's Concordance Matthew 7:2 N-DNSGRK: ᾧ γὰρ κρίματι κρίνετε κριθήσεσθε NAS: For in the way you judge, KJV: what judgment ye judge, INT: that which for judgment you judge you will be judged Matthew 23:14 Noun-ANS Mark 12:40 N-ANS Luke 20:47 N-ANS Luke 23:40 N-DNS Luke 24:20 N-ANS John 9:39 N-ANS Acts 24:25 N-GNS Romans 2:2 N-NNS Romans 2:3 N-ANS Romans 3:8 N-NNS Romans 5:16 N-NNS Romans 11:33 N-NNP Romans 13:2 N-ANS 1 Corinthians 6:7 N-ANP 1 Corinthians 11:29 N-ANS 1 Corinthians 11:34 N-ANS Galatians 5:10 N-ANS 1 Timothy 3:6 N-ANS 1 Timothy 5:12 N-ANS Hebrews 6:2 N-GNS James 3:1 N-ANS 1 Peter 4:17 N-ANS 2 Peter 2:3 N-NNS Jude 1:4 N-ANS Strong's Greek 2917 |
    |