At that time
This phrase situates the events within a specific period, indicating a continuation of the narrative. The Greek word used here, "ἐν ἐκείνῳ τῷ καιρῷ" (en ekeinō tō kairō), suggests a divinely appointed time or season. In the biblical context, "kairos" often refers to an opportune or significant moment, emphasizing God's sovereign timing in the unfolding of His redemptive plan. This reminds believers that God's purposes are fulfilled in His perfect timing, encouraging trust in His divine schedule.

Herod the tetrarch
Herod Antipas, referred to here, was a son of Herod the Great and ruled as tetrarch of Galilee and Perea. The term "tetrarch" comes from the Greek "τετράρχης" (tetrarchēs), meaning "ruler of a fourth part," reflecting the division of Herod the Great's kingdom among his sons. Historically, Herod Antipas is known for his political cunning and moral failings, including his role in the execution of John the Baptist. His mention here sets the stage for the political and moral tensions that Jesus' ministry would encounter, highlighting the contrast between earthly and divine authority.

heard the reports
The Greek word "ἀκούω" (akouō) means "to hear" or "to listen," implying that Herod was receiving ongoing news about Jesus' activities. The reports about Jesus were spreading rapidly, indicating the growing impact of His ministry. This serves as a reminder of the power of Jesus' works and words to reach even the highest echelons of political power, challenging rulers and authorities with the truth of the Kingdom of God.

about Jesus
The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This name encapsulates the mission and identity of Christ as the Savior of the world. In the context of this verse, the mention of Jesus signifies the central focus of the Gospel narrative. The reports reaching Herod underscore the transformative and far-reaching nature of Jesus' ministry, which transcends social and political boundaries, offering salvation to all who believe. This highlights the universal scope of the Gospel and the call for all people, regardless of status, to respond to the message of Christ.

and said to his servants
This phrase introduces Herod's communication with his servants, indicating a private conversation. The Greek word for "servants" here is "δοῦλοι" (douloi), which can mean slaves or attendants. In the context of Herod's court, these would be trusted individuals who served him closely. This setting underscores the gravity of Herod's statement, as it is shared with those who are part of his inner circle, reflecting the political and personal implications of his words.

‘This is John the Baptist
Herod's identification of Jesus as John the Baptist is significant. The Greek name "Ἰωάννης" (Iōannēs) refers to John, who was a well-known prophet and forerunner of Christ. Herod's statement reveals his guilty conscience and fear, as he had previously ordered John's execution. This reflects a common belief in the period about the possibility of the dead returning, and it highlights Herod's superstitious and troubled state of mind.

he has risen from the dead!
The phrase "he has risen" uses the Greek "ἠγέρθη" (ēgerthē), which is often used in the New Testament to describe resurrection. Herod's declaration is ironic and prophetic, as it foreshadows Jesus' own resurrection. This belief in resurrection, although misguided in this instance, points to a broader cultural and religious context where resurrection was a topic of interest and debate, particularly among the Pharisees and other Jewish sects.

That is why miraculous powers are at work in him.’
Herod attributes the "miraculous powers" to John, whom he believes has returned. The Greek word "δυνάμεις" (dynameis) refers to powers or miracles, indicating acts that are beyond natural explanation. This acknowledgment of Jesus' miraculous works, even if misattributed, underscores the undeniable impact of Jesus' ministry. Herod's statement inadvertently testifies to the divine authority and power evident in Jesus' actions, which were recognized even by those who opposed Him.

Now Herod
The Herod mentioned here is Herod Antipas, a son of Herod the Great. Herod Antipas was a tetrarch, a ruler of a quarter of his father's kingdom, specifically over Galilee and Perea. Historically, Herod Antipas is known for his political cunning and moral weaknesses, which are evident in his interactions with John the Baptist and later with Jesus. His rule is marked by a desire to maintain power and favor with Rome, often at the expense of justice and righteousness.

had arrested John
John the Baptist, a pivotal figure in the New Testament, was known for his bold proclamation of repentance and the coming of the Messiah. His arrest by Herod signifies the tension between the prophetic voice of God and the political powers of the time. John's arrest is a testament to his unwavering commitment to truth, even when it meant confronting the immorality of those in power.

and bound him
The act of binding John symbolizes the attempt to silence the prophetic voice. In a broader spiritual context, it reflects the ongoing struggle between the forces of darkness and the light of God's truth. Despite being physically restrained, John's message continued to resonate, demonstrating that the truth of God cannot be contained by human chains.

and put him in prison
The imprisonment of John the Baptist serves as a foreshadowing of the persecution that many followers of Christ would face. It highlights the cost of discipleship and the reality that standing for God's truth often leads to suffering. Historically, John's imprisonment was in the fortress of Machaerus, a remote and formidable location, underscoring the severity of Herod's actions.

on account of Herodias
Herodias was the wife of Herod's brother Philip, and her marriage to Herod Antipas was both politically and morally controversial. Herodias is often seen as a symbol of manipulation and moral corruption, using her influence over Herod to achieve her own ends. Herod's actions, driven by Herodias, reflect the dangers of compromising moral integrity for personal or political gain.

his brother Philip’s wife
This phrase highlights the unlawful nature of Herod's marriage to Herodias, as she was still considered the wife of his brother Philip. According to Jewish law, this union was considered adulterous and incestuous. John's condemnation of this marriage was a direct challenge to Herod's authority and moral character, ultimately leading to his arrest. This situation underscores the importance of adhering to God's standards, even when they conflict with societal norms or personal desires.

For John had been telling him
This phrase sets the stage for the confrontation between John the Baptist and Herod Antipas. The Greek verb used here, "ἔλεγεν" (elegen), is in the imperfect tense, indicating a repeated or continuous action in the past. John persistently and courageously spoke out against Herod's actions, demonstrating his unwavering commitment to truth and righteousness. Historically, John the Baptist was known for his boldness and his role as a prophet calling people to repentance. His fearless proclamation serves as an example of standing firm in one's convictions, even in the face of powerful opposition.

It is not lawful
The phrase "οὐκ ἔξεστιν" (ouk exestin) translates to "it is not lawful," reflecting John's appeal to the Mosaic Law. John was referencing Levitical laws, specifically Leviticus 18:16 and 20:21, which prohibit a man from marrying his brother's wife. This highlights the importance of adhering to God's commandments and the moral law, which transcends human authority. John's declaration underscores the belief that divine law is the ultimate standard for righteousness, a principle that remains central to conservative Christian ethics.

for you
The Greek word "σοι" (soi) is a personal pronoun, emphasizing the directness of John's rebuke to Herod. This personal address indicates that John was not speaking in generalities but was specifically confronting Herod's sin. It serves as a reminder that God's laws apply to everyone, regardless of their status or power. In a broader sense, this highlights the personal nature of sin and the need for individual accountability before God.

to have her
The phrase "ἔχειν αὐτήν" (echein autēn) refers to Herod's unlawful relationship with Herodias, his brother Philip's wife. This relationship was not only a violation of Jewish law but also a scandalous act that defied social and moral norms of the time. The historical context reveals the complexity of Herod's family dynamics and the political implications of his actions. John's condemnation of this relationship serves as a testament to the sanctity of marriage and the importance of upholding God's design for human relationships. It also illustrates the prophetic role of calling out sin and urging repentance, a theme that resonates throughout the Bible.

Although Herod wanted to kill John
The phrase begins with "Although," indicating a contrast between Herod's desires and his actions. Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee, is the Herod in question. The Greek word for "wanted" (θέλω, thelō) implies a strong desire or intention. Herod's desire to kill John the Baptist stems from John's bold rebuke of Herod's unlawful marriage to Herodias, his brother's wife. This reflects the tension between political power and moral truth. Herod's internal conflict is a reminder of the struggle between sin and righteousness, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture.

he was afraid of the people
The word "afraid" (φοβέω, phobeō) suggests a deep-seated fear or reverence. Herod's fear of the people highlights his political vulnerability and the influence of public opinion. In the historical context, rulers often relied on popular support to maintain their power. This fear prevented Herod from acting on his desire, showing how God can use even the fears of rulers to protect His servants. It also underscores the power of a righteous reputation, as John's integrity and prophetic voice had garnered the respect of the masses.

because they considered him a prophet
The term "considered" (ἔχω, echō) in this context means to hold or regard. The people held John in high esteem, recognizing him as a prophet. In Jewish tradition, prophets were revered as God's messengers, and their words carried divine authority. This acknowledgment by the people reflects John's significant spiritual influence and the impact of his ministry. It serves as a testament to the power of living a life dedicated to God's truth, as John's unwavering commitment to his calling left an indelible mark on the hearts of the people.

On Herod’s birthday
The celebration of birthdays in the ancient world, particularly among the ruling class, was often marked by lavish feasts and entertainment. Herod Antipas, the tetrarch of Galilee and Perea, was known for his opulent lifestyle. The mention of his birthday sets the stage for a significant event, highlighting the cultural practices of the time. In the Greek, "γενέσια" (genesia) refers to a birthday celebration, indicating a formal and possibly extravagant occasion. This context underscores the worldly and indulgent atmosphere in which the subsequent events unfold.

the daughter of Herodias
This phrase refers to Salome, although she is not named in this passage. Herodias was Herod's wife, and her daughter played a pivotal role in the narrative. The familial relationships here are complex, as Herodias was previously married to Herod's brother, Philip. This background is crucial for understanding the tensions and motivations within the Herodian family. The historical context reveals a web of political and personal intrigue, which is a recurring theme in the Herodian dynasty.

danced before them
The act of dancing in this context was likely a performance intended to entertain and captivate the guests. In the ancient Near East, dance was often associated with celebration and could carry significant cultural and social implications. The Greek word "ὠρχήσατο" (orchēsato) suggests a dance that was both skillful and provocative. This performance was not merely a display of talent but also a strategic act that would have significant consequences, reflecting the manipulative dynamics at play.

and pleased Herod
Herod's reaction to the dance is crucial to the unfolding of the narrative. The Greek word "ἤρεσεν" (ēresen) indicates that Herod was not only entertained but also deeply gratified by the performance. This pleasure reveals Herod's susceptibility to sensual and impulsive desires, which ultimately leads to his rash promise. The historical and scriptural context highlights the moral and ethical challenges faced by leaders who prioritize personal gratification over righteousness and justice.

so much that he promised with an oath
This phrase captures a moment of impulsive commitment, reflecting the gravity and binding nature of oaths in biblical times. The Greek word for "promised" (ὁμολογέω, homologeo) implies a public declaration or agreement, often carrying significant weight. In the ancient Near Eastern context, an oath was not merely a casual promise but a solemn vow invoking divine witness. The act of making an oath was deeply rooted in the cultural and religious practices of the time, where one's word was a reflection of their honor and integrity. The inclusion of "with an oath" underscores the seriousness of Herod's promise, highlighting the potential consequences of rash vows. This serves as a cautionary tale about the power of words and the importance of thoughtful deliberation before making commitments.

to give her whatever she asked
This phrase illustrates the extent of Herod's promise, revealing both the lavishness and recklessness of his offer. The Greek word for "give" (δίδωμι, didomi) suggests a transfer of power or possession, indicating Herod's willingness to relinquish control over his resources or authority. The phrase "whatever she asked" emphasizes the open-ended nature of the promise, showcasing Herod's vulnerability to manipulation and the potential for abuse of power. In the historical context, such extravagant offers were not uncommon among rulers seeking to display their wealth and magnanimity. However, this also reflects the dangers of unchecked authority and the moral dilemmas faced by those in power. The narrative invites readers to consider the implications of unbridled generosity and the ethical responsibilities that accompany positions of influence.

Prompted by her mother
This phrase indicates the influence of Herodias over her daughter. The Greek word used here is "probibazō," which means to incite or to urge. This highlights the manipulative nature of Herodias, who uses her daughter as a pawn to achieve her own vengeful desires against John the Baptist. Historically, this reflects the often complex and morally challenging dynamics within Herodian family politics, where personal vendettas could lead to drastic actions.

she said
The simplicity of this phrase belies the gravity of the request that follows. The Greek word "legō" is used here, which is a common term for speaking or saying. It underscores the directness and boldness of the daughter's request, which was likely rehearsed and delivered with confidence due to her mother's prompting. This moment is pivotal, as it sets in motion the tragic fate of John the Baptist.

Give me here on a platter
The request for John the Baptist's head "on a platter" is both shocking and symbolic. The Greek word "pinax" refers to a dish or a platter, often used for serving food. This imagery is jarring, as it juxtaposes the idea of a banquet with the gruesome demand for an execution. It reflects the decadence and moral corruption of Herod's court, where even a celebratory feast can become a setting for murder.

the head of John the Baptist
John the Baptist is a significant figure in the New Testament, known for his role in preparing the way for Jesus Christ. The request for his head signifies the culmination of Herodias's long-standing grudge against him, as John had publicly condemned her unlawful marriage to Herod. This phrase highlights the cost of prophetic truth-telling in a world resistant to moral accountability. John's martyrdom serves as a sobering reminder of the potential consequences of standing firm in one's faith and convictions.

The king was grieved
The Greek word for "grieved" here is "λυπέω" (lypeō), which conveys a deep sense of sorrow or distress. This word choice highlights the internal conflict Herod faced. Despite his position of power, he was not immune to the pangs of conscience. Historically, Herod Antipas was known for his moral weaknesses and political maneuvering, yet this moment reveals a rare glimpse of his humanity and the weight of his decisions. This phrase reminds us that even those in authority are subject to the moral law written on their hearts, as described in Romans 2:15.

but because of his oaths
The term "oaths" in Greek is "ὅρκος" (horkos), which refers to a solemn promise or vow. In the ancient world, oaths were considered binding and sacred, often invoking divine witness. Herod's adherence to his oath, despite his personal grief, underscores the cultural and religious importance of keeping one's word. This reflects the biblical principle found in Ecclesiastes 5:4-5, which warns against making vows lightly and emphasizes the importance of fulfilling them.

and his guests
The presence of "guests" adds a layer of social pressure to Herod's decision. The Greek word "συμποσία" (symposia) refers to a gathering or banquet, often involving influential figures. In the context of Herod's court, these guests likely included dignitaries and officials whose opinions mattered greatly. This phrase highlights the human tendency to prioritize reputation and social standing over moral integrity, a theme echoed in Proverbs 29:25, which warns of the snare of fearing man over God.

he ordered that her wish be granted
The phrase "he ordered" comes from the Greek "κελεύω" (keleuō), meaning to command or give an authoritative directive. Herod's decision to grant the wish, despite his personal grief, illustrates the tragic consequences of prioritizing human oaths and social expectations over divine commandments. This moment serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of compromising one's values for the sake of appearances or promises made under duress. It echoes the biblical call to seek God's wisdom and guidance in decision-making, as found in James 1:5.

and sent
This phrase indicates a deliberate action taken by Herod. The Greek word used here is "πέμπω" (pempo), which means to send or dispatch. In the historical context, this reflects Herod's authoritative power and the Roman practice of delegating tasks to subordinates. Herod's decision to send someone to carry out the execution underscores the gravity of his choice and the fulfillment of a rash promise made during a moment of weakness. It serves as a reminder of the consequences of impulsive decisions and the importance of integrity in leadership.

to have John beheaded
The act of beheading was a common form of execution in Roman times, often reserved for those considered a threat to the state or public order. The Greek word for beheaded is "ἀποκεφαλίζω" (apokephalizo), which literally means to cut off the head. John the Baptist, a prophet and forerunner of Christ, was executed not for any crime but because of Herod's entanglement in a web of political and personal intrigue. This phrase highlights the cost of prophetic truth-telling and the persecution that often accompanies standing for righteousness. John's martyrdom is a powerful testament to his unwavering commitment to God's message, even unto death.

in the prison
The mention of "the prison" situates the event in a specific location, emphasizing the isolation and vulnerability of John at this moment. The Greek term "φυλακή" (phylake) refers to a place of custody or confinement. Historically, prisons in the ancient world were not places of rehabilitation but of holding individuals until their fate was decided. John's imprisonment and subsequent execution reflect the hostility faced by those who challenge corrupt authority. It serves as a poignant reminder of the spiritual battle between light and darkness, and the ultimate victory of God's kingdom despite temporary setbacks.

John's head
This phrase is a stark and somber reminder of the cost of prophetic ministry and the reality of persecution for righteousness. John the Baptist, a forerunner of Christ, was beheaded for his bold proclamation of truth. The Greek word for "head" is "kephalē," which not only refers to the physical head but also symbolizes leadership and authority. John's beheading signifies the world's rejection of divine authority and truth, a theme that resonates throughout the Scriptures.

was brought
The act of bringing John's head signifies the fulfillment of Herodias's vengeful request. The Greek verb "pherō" implies carrying or bearing, often used in the context of bearing burdens. This act of bringing the head is laden with the burden of guilt and the weight of sin, illustrating the moral decay and corruption of Herod's court.

on a platter
The use of a "platter" (Greek: "pinax") highlights the grotesque nature of the event. In ancient times, a platter was used for serving food, symbolizing hospitality and celebration. Here, it is perverted into an instrument of death and mockery, underscoring the perversion of justice and the trivialization of human life in Herod's banquet.

and presented
The word "presented" (Greek: "didōmi") indicates a formal offering or giving. This presentation is not a gift of honor but a display of cruelty and malice. It reflects the twisted values of Herod's court, where human life is devalued, and evil is celebrated.

to the girl
The "girl" (Greek: "korasion") refers to Herodias's daughter, traditionally known as Salome. Her involvement in this gruesome act highlights the moral corruption that can permeate family and society. It serves as a cautionary tale about the influence of ungodly environments on the young and impressionable.

who carried it
The act of carrying (Greek: "pherō") the head further implicates the girl in the crime, showing her compliance with her mother's wicked desires. This action symbolizes the transmission of sin and the perpetuation of evil through generations, a theme echoed in the warnings of the prophets.

to her mother
The phrase "to her mother" underscores the driving force behind this heinous act—Herodias's vindictive spirit. Herodias's manipulation of her daughter to achieve her ends is a powerful illustration of the destructive power of sin and bitterness. It serves as a warning against harboring unforgiveness and the lengths to which it can drive a person.

Then John's disciples
This phrase refers to the followers of John the Baptist, a significant prophetic figure who prepared the way for Jesus. The Greek word for "disciples" is μαθηταί (mathētai), which means learners or followers. John's disciples were dedicated to his teachings and mission, which was to call people to repentance and prepare them for the coming Messiah. Historically, John's disciples were distinct from Jesus' disciples, yet they shared a common reverence for God's work through John.

came and took his body
The act of taking John's body demonstrates the disciples' devotion and respect for their teacher. The Greek verb ἦλθον (ēlthon) for "came" indicates a purposeful action, suggesting their courage and loyalty in retrieving John's body from Herod's custody. This act of burial was a significant cultural and religious duty, reflecting the Jewish customs of honoring the dead. It also highlights the disciples' bravery, as associating with John could have been dangerous given the political climate.

and buried it
The burial of John the Baptist was an act of piety and respect. The Greek word ἔθαψαν (ethapsan) for "buried" signifies the completion of a sacred duty. In Jewish tradition, burial was an essential practice, symbolizing the return of the body to the earth and the hope of resurrection. This act also fulfilled the commandment to honor the dead, showing the disciples' adherence to their faith even in the face of loss.

And they went and informed Jesus
This phrase indicates the disciples' recognition of Jesus' authority and their need to communicate significant events to Him. The Greek word ἀπήγγειλαν (apēngeilan) for "informed" suggests a formal report or announcement. By informing Jesus, John's disciples acknowledged His role as the Messiah and sought His guidance and comfort. This action underscores the interconnectedness of John's and Jesus' ministries and the transition of focus from John to Jesus as the central figure in God's redemptive plan.

When Jesus heard about it
This phrase refers to the news of John the Baptist's death, which deeply affected Jesus. The Greek word for "heard" is "ἀκούω" (akouo), which implies not just hearing but understanding and processing the information. In the context of Jesus' ministry, this moment marks a significant emotional and strategic point. Jesus, fully human, experiences grief and loss, reminding us of His empathy and connection to human suffering. Historically, John the Baptist's death was a pivotal event, signaling the increasing hostility towards Jesus and His message.

He withdrew from there
The Greek word "ἀναχωρέω" (anachoreo) means to depart or withdraw, often used in the context of seeking refuge or retreat. Jesus' withdrawal is not an act of fear but a strategic retreat for reflection, prayer, and preparation. It highlights the importance of solitude in spiritual life, a time to seek God's guidance away from the chaos of the world. This action also reflects Jesus' awareness of timing in His ministry, knowing when to engage and when to step back.

by boat
The use of a boat indicates the geographical setting of Jesus' ministry around the Sea of Galilee. Boats were common means of transportation, emphasizing the practical aspects of Jesus' ministry. This detail also underscores the accessibility of Jesus to the people, as He often taught from boats to accommodate large crowds. Archaeological findings of first-century fishing boats provide insight into the daily life and technology of the time, grounding the Gospel narratives in historical reality.

privately
The Greek word "κατ' ἰδίαν" (kat' idian) means privately or alone. This emphasizes Jesus' need for personal space and time with His disciples, away from the demands of the crowds. It reflects the balance between public ministry and private devotion, a model for Christian leaders to follow. Jesus' private moments were often spent in prayer, highlighting the necessity of communion with the Father for strength and guidance.

to a solitary place
The term "ἔρημος" (eremos) refers to a deserted or uninhabited place. In biblical terms, the wilderness or solitary places are often where significant spiritual encounters occur. This setting provides a backdrop for reflection and divine revelation, reminiscent of the Israelites' wilderness journey and Jesus' own temptation. It symbolizes a place of testing, renewal, and preparation for what lies ahead.

But the crowds found out
Despite Jesus' intention for solitude, the crowds' determination to find Him illustrates their deep spiritual hunger and need for His teaching and healing. The Greek word "ἀκούω" (akouo) again implies that they not only heard but actively sought Him out. This reflects the growing popularity and impact of Jesus' ministry, as well as the people's recognition of His authority and compassion.

and followed Him on foot
The phrase "on foot" indicates the lengths to which the people went to be near Jesus, showing their desperation and commitment. This physical pursuit is symbolic of the spiritual pursuit of Christ, a call to follow Him despite obstacles. It also highlights the communal aspect of faith, as people from various towns came together, united in their desire to encounter Jesus.

from the towns
This detail underscores the widespread influence of Jesus' ministry, reaching beyond individual villages to entire regions. The towns represent diverse communities, each bringing their unique needs and expectations. Historically, this movement of people reflects the socio-political climate of the time, where hope for a Messiah was fervent. It also foreshadows the expansive reach of the Gospel, transcending local boundaries to impact the world.

When He stepped ashore
This phrase marks a significant transition in the narrative. Jesus had just crossed the Sea of Galilee, seeking solitude after hearing of John the Baptist's death. The Greek word for "stepped ashore" (ἐξελθὼν) implies a deliberate action, highlighting Jesus' intentional engagement with the world despite His personal grief. This stepping ashore symbolizes His readiness to meet the needs of the people, reflecting His divine mission to bring hope and healing.

and saw a large crowd
The sight of the "large crowd" underscores the widespread recognition of Jesus' ministry. The Greek word for "saw" (εἶδεν) suggests more than a mere glance; it indicates a deep, perceptive understanding of the crowd's needs. Historically, this crowd likely consisted of people from various backgrounds, drawn by Jesus' reputation as a healer and teacher. This gathering reflects the human longing for divine intervention and the hope that Jesus represented to the masses.

He had compassion on them
The phrase "had compassion" is derived from the Greek word σπλαγχνίζομαι (splanchnizomai), which conveys a deep, visceral empathy. This compassion is not just an emotional response but a profound, active love that moves Jesus to action. In the context of first-century Judea, where many suffered under Roman oppression and poverty, Jesus' compassion is a radical demonstration of God's love and mercy, challenging societal norms and offering a glimpse of the Kingdom of God.

and healed their sick
The act of healing "their sick" is a testament to Jesus' divine authority and power. The Greek word for "healed" (ἐθεράπευσεν) implies a restoration to wholeness, both physically and spiritually. This healing ministry fulfills Old Testament prophecies about the Messiah (e.g., Isaiah 53:4-5) and serves as a foretaste of the ultimate healing and restoration that Jesus would accomplish through His death and resurrection. In a historical context, this healing would have been a profound sign of hope, affirming Jesus as the promised Savior who cares for the whole person.

When evening came
The phrase "when evening came" indicates the transition from day to night, a time often associated with rest and reflection in biblical times. In the Jewish context, evening marked the beginning of a new day, as days were reckoned from sunset to sunset. This setting underscores the urgency of the disciples' request, as the natural light was fading, and the need for sustenance became more pressing. The Greek word for evening, "opsios," suggests a time of winding down, yet in this narrative, it becomes a prelude to a miraculous event, highlighting that God's work transcends human schedules.

the disciples came to Him
The disciples approaching Jesus signifies their dependence on Him for guidance and solutions. In the Greek, "mathetai" refers to learners or followers, emphasizing their role as students seeking wisdom from their Teacher. This action reflects a pattern of discipleship where followers bring their concerns to Christ, acknowledging His authority and ability to address their needs. It is a reminder for believers to turn to Jesus in times of uncertainty and to trust in His provision.

and said
The act of speaking to Jesus demonstrates the open communication between the disciples and their Master. The Greek word "eipan" is used here, indicating a direct and earnest appeal. This interaction models the importance of prayer and dialogue with God, encouraging believers to express their concerns and seek divine intervention in their lives.

This is a desolate place
The description of the location as "a desolate place" highlights the isolation and lack of resources available to the crowd. The Greek term "eremos" conveys a sense of wilderness or solitude, often used in Scripture to depict places of testing or divine encounter. This setting serves as a backdrop for the forthcoming miracle, illustrating that God's provision often comes in the most unlikely and barren circumstances, reinforcing the theme of reliance on divine rather than human resources.

and the hour is already late
The acknowledgment that "the hour is already late" emphasizes the urgency of the situation. The Greek word "hora" refers to a specific time, suggesting that the opportunity for action was diminishing. This phrase underscores the disciples' concern for the practical needs of the people, yet it also sets the stage for Jesus to demonstrate that God's timing is perfect, and His ability to provide is not constrained by human limitations.

Dismiss the crowds
The disciples' suggestion to "dismiss the crowds" reflects their practical approach to the problem at hand. The Greek word "apoluo" means to release or send away, indicating their desire to allow the people to seek sustenance elsewhere. This request reveals a common human tendency to rely on conventional solutions, yet it also contrasts with Jesus' forthcoming response, which challenges the disciples to think beyond the ordinary and trust in His supernatural provision.

so they can go to the villages
The mention of "the villages" implies nearby settlements where food might be procured. This reflects the disciples' concern for the well-being of the crowd, as well as their understanding of the logistical challenges of feeding such a large group in a remote area. The Greek "komas" refers to small towns or hamlets, suggesting that the disciples were considering practical, human solutions to the problem, unaware of the miraculous provision that Jesus was about to demonstrate.

and buy themselves some food
The suggestion for the crowd to "buy themselves some food" highlights the disciples' focus on self-sufficiency and the economic aspect of obtaining sustenance. The Greek word "agorasosin" implies a transaction or purchase, reflecting a reliance on material means. This perspective is soon to be transformed by Jesus' miraculous feeding, which illustrates the abundance of God's grace and provision, reminding believers that in Christ, our needs are met beyond what we can purchase or provide for ourselves.

But Jesus said to them
This phrase introduces the direct response of Jesus to His disciples. The Greek word for "said" is "εἶπεν" (eipen), which is often used to denote authoritative speech. In the context of the Gospels, when Jesus speaks, it is with divine authority and wisdom. This sets the stage for a teaching moment, emphasizing that what follows is not merely a suggestion but a directive from the Son of God. Historically, this moment occurs after a long day of teaching and healing, highlighting Jesus' compassion and leadership.

They do not need to go away
Here, Jesus challenges the disciples' initial reaction to send the crowd away to find food. The Greek word for "need" is "χρείαν" (chreian), which implies necessity or lack. Jesus is addressing a perceived lack, not just of physical sustenance but of spiritual understanding. This statement reflects Jesus' mission to provide for both physical and spiritual needs, underscoring His role as the Good Shepherd who cares for His flock.

You give them something to eat
This command is pivotal. The Greek word for "give" is "δώτε" (dote), an imperative form, indicating a command rather than a suggestion. Jesus is inviting His disciples to participate in His ministry, to act in faith and reliance on His power. This directive foreshadows the miraculous feeding that follows and serves as a lesson in faith and obedience. It also reflects the broader biblical theme of God using His people to accomplish His purposes, despite their apparent limitations.

We have here
This phrase indicates the disciples' immediate response to Jesus' inquiry about feeding the multitude. The Greek word for "have" is "ἔχομεν" (echomen), which implies possession or holding. This reflects the disciples' focus on their limited resources, a common human tendency to rely on visible, tangible assets rather than faith in divine provision. Historically, this setting is in a remote area, emphasizing the scarcity and the disciples' sense of inadequacy.

only
The use of "only" underscores the insufficiency perceived by the disciples. The Greek word "μόνον" (monon) conveys a sense of limitation and lack. This highlights a recurring biblical theme where God uses what seems insufficient to accomplish His purposes, teaching reliance on His power rather than human means.

five loaves of bread
The loaves mentioned here are likely small, flat barley loaves, common food for the poor in ancient Israel. The Greek word "ἄρτους" (artous) refers to bread, a staple in the diet of the time. This detail connects to the Old Testament, where God provided manna, symbolizing His provision. The number five can symbolize grace, pointing to the grace of God in providing for His people.

and two fish
Fish were a common source of protein for the people living around the Sea of Galilee. The Greek word "ἰχθύας" (ichthyas) is used here. Fish, in early Christian symbolism, represented Christ and His followers. The number two can signify witness or testimony, suggesting that this miracle would testify to Jesus' divine authority and compassion.

they answered
This phrase indicates the disciples' response to Jesus' question. The Greek word "εἶπαν" (eipan) is used for "answered," showing their immediate reaction. This reflects a moment of doubt and realism, as they assess the situation with human logic. It sets the stage for Jesus to demonstrate His power and teach a lesson on faith and divine provision.

Bring them here to Me
Bring
The Greek word used here is "φέρετε" (pherete), which means to carry or to bring. This word implies an action of faith and obedience. In the context of this passage, Jesus is instructing His disciples to bring the limited resources they have to Him. This act of bringing symbolizes trust in Jesus' ability to transform and multiply what is offered to Him. It is a call for believers to present their lives, talents, and resources to Christ, trusting in His power to use them for His purposes.

them
The "them" in this verse refers to the five loaves and two fish that the disciples had. These items, though seemingly insignificant in the face of feeding thousands, represent the small offerings we bring to God. Historically, bread and fish were staple foods in the diet of the people in Galilee, indicating that God uses the ordinary and everyday elements of our lives to accomplish extraordinary things. This highlights the principle that God does not require us to have much, but rather to be willing to give what we have.

here
The word "here" signifies a specific place or presence. In this context, it emphasizes the importance of bringing what we have directly to Jesus. It is a reminder that proximity to Christ is crucial for transformation and blessing. The act of bringing the loaves and fish "here" to Jesus underscores the necessity of placing our trust and resources in His hands, rather than relying on our own understanding or abilities.

to Me
The phrase "to Me" is a direct reference to Jesus Himself. It is a personal invitation and command from Christ, highlighting His central role in the miracle that is about to occur. This phrase underscores the belief in Jesus' divine authority and power. In a broader theological context, it reflects the Christian doctrine of Christ's sufficiency and the call for believers to come to Him with their needs, burdens, and offerings. It is a reminder that Jesus is the source of provision and the one who can multiply our efforts for His glory.

And He directed the crowds to sit down on the grass
He directed
The Greek word used here is "κελεύω" (keleuō), which implies a command or authoritative instruction. This highlights Jesus' role as a leader and shepherd, guiding the people with purpose and intention. In a broader scriptural context, this reflects Jesus' divine authority and His ability to bring order and peace to a potentially chaotic situation. It is a reminder of His sovereignty and the trustworthiness of His guidance.

the crowds
The term "ὄχλος" (ochlos) refers to a large group of people, often a mixed multitude. This crowd had followed Jesus, drawn by His teachings and miracles. Historically, this reflects the diverse nature of those who were attracted to Jesus' message, including Jews and possibly Gentiles, the curious and the committed. It underscores the universal appeal of Christ's ministry and His willingness to minister to all who come to Him.

to sit down
The Greek word "ἀνακλίνω" (anaklinō) means to recline or sit down, often used in the context of dining. This suggests a setting of rest and preparation for receiving sustenance, both physical and spiritual. It evokes the image of a banquet, a theme prevalent in Jesus' teachings about the Kingdom of God. This act of sitting down is an invitation to partake in what Jesus is about to provide, symbolizing readiness and expectation.

on the grass
The mention of "χόρτος" (chortos), or grass, provides a vivid, pastoral image, reminiscent of Psalm 23, where the Lord makes His people lie down in green pastures. This setting not only emphasizes the natural provision of God but also the simplicity and humility of the scene. It contrasts with the opulence of earthly banquets, highlighting the sufficiency and abundance found in Christ alone.

Taking the five loaves and the two fish and looking up to heaven, He spoke a blessing
Taking the five loaves and the two fish
This phrase emphasizes the modest resources available, "πέντε ἄρτους" (pente artous) and "δύο ἰχθύας" (dyo ichthyas). The loaves and fish were common, everyday food items, underscoring the ordinariness of the materials Jesus used to perform an extraordinary miracle. This reflects the biblical theme that God often uses the humble and insignificant to accomplish His purposes, demonstrating His power and glory.

and looking up to heaven
The act of "ἀναβλέψας" (anablepsas), or looking up, signifies Jesus' acknowledgment of the Father as the source of all provision. It is a gesture of dependence and gratitude, setting an example for believers to recognize God's sovereignty and goodness in all circumstances. This upward gaze is a reminder of the divine connection and communion between Jesus and the Father, a model for prayer and thanksgiving.

He spoke a blessing
The Greek "εὐλόγησεν" (eulogēsen) means to bless or give thanks. This blessing is not merely a ritualistic act but a powerful declaration of God's provision and abundance. In Jewish tradition, blessings were pronounced to acknowledge God's gifts and to sanctify the act of eating. Jesus' blessing transforms the ordinary into the extraordinary, prefiguring the Eucharistic themes of thanksgiving and divine multiplication.

and broke the loaves
The breaking of the "ἄρτους" (artous) symbolizes the distribution and sharing of God's provision. It foreshadows the breaking of Jesus' body, a central element of Christian theology concerning the atonement and communion. This act of breaking and sharing is a call to community and fellowship, reflecting the early Christian practice of gathering together to break bread in remembrance of Christ.

Then He gave them to the disciples, and the disciples gave them to the people
Then He gave them to the disciples
Jesus' act of giving the loaves and fish to the "μαθηταῖς" (mathētais) underscores the role of the disciples as intermediaries in His ministry. It highlights the principle of stewardship and the responsibility of believers to distribute God's blessings to others. This delegation is a model for Christian service and ministry, where followers of Christ are called to be His hands and feet in the world.

and the disciples gave them to the people
The disciples' role in distributing the food to the "ὄχλος" (ochlos) illustrates the partnership between divine provision and human agency. It emphasizes the importance of obedience and cooperation in fulfilling God's purposes. This act of giving is a tangible expression of love and service, embodying the call to care for others and to be conduits of God's grace and generosity.

They all ate
This phrase signifies the inclusivity and completeness of the miracle. The Greek word for "ate" is "ἔφαγον" (ephagon), which is a common term used in the New Testament to describe the act of eating. In the context of this miracle, it emphasizes the physical nourishment provided by Jesus. Historically, meals were significant social events in Jewish culture, often symbolizing fellowship and community. This act of eating together underlines the unity and provision of God for His people.

and were satisfied
The Greek word "ἐχορτάσθησαν" (echortasthēsan) is used here, meaning to be filled or satisfied. This term is often associated with a deep, fulfilling satisfaction that goes beyond mere physical hunger. In a spiritual sense, it reflects the sufficiency of Christ to meet all needs, both physical and spiritual. The satisfaction experienced by the crowd is a testament to the abundance of God's provision, echoing the Old Testament accounts of God providing manna to the Israelites in the wilderness.

and the disciples picked up
The act of the disciples gathering the leftovers is significant. The Greek word "συνήγαγον" (synēgagon) means to gather together or collect. This action demonstrates the importance of stewardship and the careful management of God's blessings. It also serves as a practical lesson for the disciples, teaching them about the abundance of God's provision and the responsibility to preserve and respect what is given.

twelve basketfuls
The number twelve is symbolically significant in the Bible, often representing completeness or the people of God, as seen in the twelve tribes of Israel and the twelve apostles. The Greek word for "basketfuls" is "κοφίνους" (kophinous), which refers to a specific type of basket used by Jews. The collection of twelve baskets signifies the overflowing abundance of God's provision, ensuring that nothing is wasted and that there is more than enough for all of God's people.

of broken pieces
The term "κλασμάτων" (klasmatōn) refers to fragments or pieces that are broken off. This highlights the miraculous nature of the event, where even the remnants of the meal are significant. In a spiritual context, it can symbolize how God can use what seems broken or insignificant to fulfill His purposes. The broken pieces are a reminder of the miracle's magnitude and the meticulous care of Jesus in ensuring that every part of the blessing is gathered and valued.

that were left over
The phrase "τὸ περισσεῦον" (to perisseuon) means that which remains or is left over. This emphasizes the superabundance of God's provision. In a historical context, leftovers were not common in a subsistence economy, making this miracle even more remarkable. Spiritually, it reassures believers of God's ability to provide beyond immediate needs, offering a surplus that can be shared and used for future needs. This abundance reflects the overflowing grace and generosity of God, encouraging believers to trust in His provision.

About five thousand men
The phrase "about five thousand men" highlights the magnitude of the miracle performed by Jesus. The Greek word for "men" here is "ἀνδρές" (andres), specifically referring to adult males, which was a common way of counting in ancient times. This method of counting reflects the cultural and societal norms of the period, where men were often the primary figures in public gatherings. The number "five thousand" signifies not just a large crowd but also a significant logistical challenge, underscoring the miraculous nature of the feeding. Historically, this event is one of the few miracles recorded in all four Gospels, emphasizing its importance in Jesus' ministry and its impact on His followers.

were fed
The phrase "were fed" comes from the Greek "ἐχορτάσθησαν" (echortasthēsan), meaning to be satisfied or filled. This word choice indicates that the people were not just given a small portion but were fully satisfied, highlighting the abundance of God's provision. In a spiritual sense, this feeding symbolizes the sufficiency of Christ to meet all needs, both physical and spiritual. The act of feeding such a large crowd with limited resources demonstrates Jesus' divine authority and compassion, serving as a foretaste of the heavenly banquet and the spiritual nourishment He offers to all who follow Him.

in addition to women and children
The inclusion of "in addition to women and children" is significant, as it acknowledges the presence of a much larger group than the initial count of five thousand men. This phrase suggests that the total number of people fed could have been upwards of fifteen to twenty thousand, considering the cultural context where families often traveled together. The mention of women and children highlights the inclusivity of Jesus' ministry, breaking societal norms that often marginalized these groups. It serves as a reminder of the comprehensive nature of God's kingdom, where all are welcome and provided for, regardless of social status or gender. This detail enriches the narrative, illustrating the vastness of the miracle and the boundless compassion of Christ.

Immediately
The word "immediately" underscores the urgency and decisiveness of Jesus' actions. In the Greek, the term used is "εὐθέως" (eutheos), which conveys a sense of promptness and without delay. This reflects Jesus' authoritative nature and His ability to orchestrate events according to divine timing. It reminds us of the importance of responding promptly to God's call in our own lives, trusting in His perfect timing.

Jesus made
The phrase "Jesus made" indicates a deliberate action by Christ. The Greek verb "ἀναγκάζω" (anankazo) suggests a compelling or urging. This highlights Jesus' role as a leader who guides and directs His followers, even when they may not fully understand His reasons. It serves as a reminder of the importance of obedience to Christ's commands, trusting that His ways are higher than ours.

the disciples
The term "disciples" refers to those who are learners or followers of Jesus. In the context of the New Testament, it specifically denotes the twelve apostles who were chosen by Christ to be His closest companions and to carry on His mission. This emphasizes the relational aspect of discipleship, where followers are called to learn from and emulate their Master.

get into the boat
The instruction to "get into the boat" is both literal and symbolic. The boat represents a place of transition and journey, often used in Scripture to signify a passage from one state to another. It is a reminder of the Christian journey, where believers are called to step out in faith, trusting in God's provision and protection as they navigate the waters of life.

and go on ahead of Him
The phrase "and go on ahead of Him" suggests a separation, albeit temporary, between Jesus and His disciples. This can be seen as a test of faith, where the disciples are called to move forward without the immediate physical presence of Christ. It serves as an encouragement for believers to trust in the unseen presence of Jesus, knowing that He is always with them, even when He seems distant.

to the other side
"To the other side" signifies a destination or goal. In the context of this passage, it refers to the other side of the Sea of Galilee. Spiritually, it can be seen as a metaphor for reaching new levels of faith and understanding. It challenges believers to press on towards the goals God has set for them, trusting that He will guide them safely to their intended destination.

while He dismissed the crowds
The act of Jesus dismissing the crowds shows His concern for both the physical and spiritual needs of the people. The Greek word "ἀπολύω" (apolyo) means to release or send away. This highlights Jesus' compassion and His understanding of the need for rest and reflection after ministry. It serves as a reminder of the importance of balancing service with solitude, ensuring that we remain spiritually refreshed and focused on God's will.

After He had sent them away
This phrase indicates a deliberate action by Jesus to dismiss the crowds and His disciples. The Greek word for "sent away" is "ἀπολύσας" (apolysas), which implies a release or letting go. This action reflects Jesus' intentionality in creating space for solitude and prayer. In a historical context, this demonstrates Jesus' understanding of the need for balance between ministry and personal communion with God. It serves as a model for believers to prioritize time alone with God amidst the demands of life.

He went up on the mountain
The act of going up on a mountain is significant in biblical narratives, often symbolizing a place of divine encounter and revelation. Mountains are frequently depicted as places where God reveals Himself, as seen with Moses on Mount Sinai. The Greek word "ὄρος" (oros) for "mountain" suggests a place set apart, elevated above the ordinary. This setting underscores the sacredness of Jesus' prayer time, highlighting the importance of seeking God in places of quiet and separation from daily distractions.

by Himself
The emphasis on Jesus being "by Himself" underscores the value of solitude in spiritual practice. The Greek "κατ' ἰδίαν" (kat' idian) conveys a sense of privacy and personal space. This solitude is not loneliness but a purposeful withdrawal to focus on communion with the Father. It reflects the necessity for believers to find moments of solitude to deepen their relationship with God, free from external influences and interruptions.

to pray
Prayer is central to Jesus' life and ministry, serving as a vital connection with the Father. The Greek word "προσεύξασθαι" (proseuxasthai) for "to pray" indicates an ongoing, intentional dialogue with God. This act of prayer is not merely a ritual but a profound expression of dependence and relationship. Jesus' example teaches the importance of prayer as a source of strength, guidance, and renewal, encouraging believers to cultivate a consistent prayer life.

When evening came
The mention of "evening" sets the scene and indicates the passage of time. In the Jewish context, evening marks the beginning of a new day, symbolizing transition and reflection. The Greek "ὀψίας" (opsias) for "evening" suggests a time of winding down and introspection. This timing highlights the rhythm of Jesus' life, balancing active ministry with reflective prayer, and serves as a reminder for believers to incorporate moments of reflection and prayer into their daily routines.

He was there alone
The repetition of Jesus being "alone" reinforces the theme of solitude. The Greek "μόνος" (monos) for "alone" emphasizes the intentional withdrawal from others to focus on God. This solitude is portrayed not as isolation but as a necessary aspect of spiritual discipline. It challenges believers to embrace times of aloneness with God as opportunities for growth, clarity, and spiritual renewal, following Jesus' example of prioritizing personal communion with the Father.

but the boat
The "boat" here is a small vessel, likely a fishing boat, used by Jesus' disciples. In the Greek, the word for boat is "πλοῖον" (ploion), which indicates a vessel of modest size, suitable for the Sea of Galilee. This setting is significant as it represents the Church or the believer's life, often depicted as a vessel navigating through the waters of the world. The boat is a place of both refuge and vulnerability, symbolizing the journey of faith amidst life's challenges.

was already far from land
The phrase "far from land" suggests a significant distance from safety and security. In the Greek, "ἤδη" (ēdē) implies that the boat had been out for some time, emphasizing the disciples' isolation. This distance from land can be seen as a metaphor for the believer's journey away from the familiar and secure, venturing into deeper faith and reliance on God. It reflects the Christian experience of stepping out in faith, often feeling distant from the comfort zones of life.

buffeted by the waves
The term "buffeted" comes from the Greek "βασανιζόμενον" (basanizomenon), meaning to be tormented or harassed. This word choice conveys the intensity of the struggle the disciples faced. The waves represent the trials and tribulations that believers encounter. Historically, the Sea of Galilee is known for sudden and violent storms, which can be seen as a parallel to the unexpected challenges in a Christian's life. The waves are a reminder of the spiritual battles and the need for steadfast faith.

because the wind was against it
The "wind" in Greek is "ἄνεμος" (anemos), often symbolizing spiritual forces or challenges. The phrase "was against it" indicates opposition, suggesting that the disciples were facing a headwind, making their journey difficult. This opposition can be likened to the spiritual warfare that believers face, where forces contrary to God's will attempt to hinder progress. The wind's resistance is a call to perseverance and trust in God's sovereignty, even when circumstances seem insurmountable.

During the fourth watch of the night
The "fourth watch" refers to the Roman division of the night into four parts, each lasting three hours. This watch would be approximately from 3:00 AM to 6:00 AM. The timing is significant as it represents the darkest part of the night, just before dawn. In a spiritual sense, this can symbolize the moments in our lives when we feel most vulnerable or in despair. The historical context of Roman timekeeping highlights the precision and order of the era, contrasting with the chaos the disciples felt in the storm. It reminds us that God’s timing is perfect, even when we are in our darkest hour.

Jesus went out to them
The phrase emphasizes the initiative and compassion of Jesus. He did not wait for the disciples to come to Him; He went to them. This action reflects the heart of the Gospel, where God reaches out to humanity. The Greek verb "went" (ἦλθεν) suggests a deliberate and purposeful action. Jesus' approach to the disciples in their time of need is a powerful reminder of His ever-present help and willingness to meet us where we are, regardless of our circumstances.

walking on the sea
This miraculous act demonstrates Jesus' authority over nature, affirming His divine identity. The sea, often seen as a symbol of chaos and danger in ancient Jewish thought, is under His feet, showcasing His power and control. The Greek word for "walking" (περιπατῶν) implies a calm and steady action, contrasting with the turbulent waters. This imagery reassures believers that no matter how tumultuous our lives may become, Jesus is sovereign over all creation. Historically, this miracle would have resonated deeply with the disciples, reinforcing their understanding of Jesus as the Messiah who commands even the natural elements.

When the disciples saw Him
The phrase highlights the moment of recognition by the disciples. The Greek word for "saw" is "εἶδον" (eidon), which implies not just a casual glance but a deeper perception or understanding. This moment is pivotal as it marks the transition from the natural to the supernatural. The disciples, accustomed to Jesus' teachings and miracles on land, are now confronted with His dominion over nature itself. This sight challenges their understanding and faith, pushing them to recognize Jesus' divine authority.

walking on the sea
The act of walking on water is a profound demonstration of Jesus' divine power. The Greek word "περιπατῶν" (peripatōn) means to walk or to tread, suggesting a calm and deliberate action. In the ancient world, the sea often symbolized chaos and danger. By walking on it, Jesus shows His mastery over the natural elements, reinforcing His identity as the Son of God. This miracle echoes Old Testament themes where God alone treads upon the waves (Job 9:8), further affirming Jesus' divine nature.

they were terrified
The disciples' reaction of terror is captured by the Greek word "ἐταράχθησαν" (etarachthēsan), which conveys a deep, unsettling fear. This response is understandable given the unexpected and supernatural nature of the event. Their fear reflects a common human reaction to the divine breaking into the ordinary, highlighting the gap between human understanding and divine reality. It also sets the stage for Jesus to reveal more of His character and mission to His followers.

It's a ghost!
The exclamation "It's a ghost!" reveals the disciples' struggle to comprehend what they are witnessing. The Greek word "φάντασμά" (phantasma) refers to an apparition or spirit. In the cultural context of the time, the sea was often associated with spirits and the unknown. This reaction underscores the disciples' initial inability to recognize Jesus in this new context, illustrating their journey of faith and understanding. It also serves as a reminder of the human tendency to fear what is not understood.

they said, and cried out in fear
The disciples' verbal and emotional response is captured in the Greek "ἔκραξαν" (ekraxan), meaning to cry out or scream. This reaction is a natural human response to fear and the unknown. Their cry is both a reflection of their immediate terror and a subconscious plea for help. This moment of vulnerability opens the door for Jesus to provide reassurance and reveal His presence and power, teaching the disciples to trust in Him even amidst fear and uncertainty.

But Jesus spoke up at once
This phrase highlights the immediacy and authority of Jesus' response. The Greek word for "at once" is "εὐθέως" (eutheos), which conveys a sense of urgency and promptness. In the context of the stormy sea, Jesus' immediate response underscores His divine authority and readiness to comfort His disciples. Historically, this reflects the consistent biblical theme of God's timely intervention in moments of fear and uncertainty, as seen throughout both the Old and New Testaments.

Take courage!
The Greek word for "courage" is "θαρσεῖτε" (tharseite), which is an imperative form, meaning it is a command. This is not merely a suggestion but a directive from Jesus. In the biblical context, courage is often linked to faith and trust in God. The command to "take courage" is a call to rely on the strength and presence of Jesus, even in the midst of life's storms. This echoes the Old Testament encouragements found in Joshua 1:9, where God commands Joshua to be strong and courageous.

It is I
The phrase "It is I" is translated from the Greek "ἐγώ εἰμι" (ego eimi), which can also be rendered as "I am." This is significant because "I am" is the divine name revealed to Moses in Exodus 3:14, where God says, "I AM WHO I AM." By using this phrase, Jesus is not only identifying Himself to the disciples but also subtly affirming His divinity. This declaration reassures the disciples of His presence and power, reminding them that He is the same God who delivered Israel from Egypt.

Do not be afraid
The Greek phrase "μὴ φοβεῖσθε" (me phobeisthe) is another imperative, commanding the disciples to abandon their fear. Fear is a natural human response, especially in the face of danger or the unknown. However, Jesus' command to not be afraid is rooted in the assurance of His presence and sovereignty. Throughout Scripture, God frequently tells His people not to fear, as seen in Isaiah 41:10, where He promises to uphold them with His righteous right hand. This command is a call to trust in God's protection and provision, even when circumstances seem overwhelming.

Lord
The Greek word used here is "Κύριε" (Kyrie), a term of respect and authority, often used to address God or a master. In this context, Peter acknowledges Jesus' divine authority and sovereignty. This recognition is crucial, as it sets the stage for the miraculous event that follows. Peter's use of "Lord" signifies his faith and submission to Jesus, acknowledging Him as the one who commands the elements and has power over nature.

if it is You
This phrase reflects Peter's initial doubt and need for confirmation. The Greek "εἰ σὺ εἶ" (ei sy ei) indicates a conditional statement, showing Peter's desire for assurance. This moment captures the human struggle between faith and doubt, a theme prevalent throughout the Bible. Peter's request for confirmation is not unlike Gideon's fleece test in Judges 6, where he seeks assurance of God's presence and will.

Peter replied
Peter, often seen as the spokesperson for the disciples, is characterized by his impulsive nature and bold faith. His response here is immediate and direct, reflecting his eagerness to engage with Jesus. Historically, Peter's role among the disciples is significant, as he often acts as a leader and is later foundational in the early church, as seen in the Book of Acts.

command me
The Greek word "κέλευσον" (keleuson) is an imperative, showing Peter's willingness to obey Jesus' directive. This request highlights Peter's understanding that any miraculous act must be initiated by Jesus' command. It underscores the principle that true faith involves obedience to Christ's word, as seen throughout the New Testament.

to come to You
This phrase indicates Peter's desire to be close to Jesus, even in the midst of a storm. The Greek "ἐλθεῖν πρὸς σέ" (elthein pros se) suggests movement towards Jesus, symbolizing the Christian journey of drawing nearer to Christ despite life's challenges. This movement towards Jesus is a metaphor for spiritual growth and discipleship.

on the water
The phrase "ἐπὶ τὰ ὕδατα" (epi ta hydata) refers to the miraculous nature of walking on water, an act that defies natural laws. Water, often symbolic of chaos and danger in biblical literature, here becomes a medium for demonstrating Jesus' divine power and Peter's faith. This event echoes Old Testament themes where God demonstrates His power over the waters, such as in the parting of the Red Sea (Exodus 14) and the calming of the storm (Psalm 107:29).

“Come,”
This word is a direct command from Jesus, spoken with authority and compassion. In the Greek, the word is "ἔρχου" (erchou), an imperative form of "to come" or "to go." It signifies an invitation to step out in faith, leaving behind the safety of the boat. This command reflects Jesus' willingness to meet us where we are and to call us into a deeper relationship with Him. Historically, this moment is set on the Sea of Galilee, a place of both sustenance and danger for the disciples, symbolizing the challenges and opportunities of faith.

said Jesus
The phrase emphasizes the authority of the speaker. Jesus, the Son of God, is the one who calls Peter. His words carry divine power and assurance. In the context of the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus' words are not just instructions but are life-giving and transformative. The historical Jesus, as depicted in the Gospels, often used simple yet profound commands to teach and guide His followers.

Then Peter got down out of the boat
This action by Peter is significant. The Greek verb "καταβὰς" (katabas) means "having descended" or "having come down," indicating a deliberate and courageous action. Peter's willingness to leave the boat, a symbol of human security and comfort, demonstrates his faith and desire to be close to Jesus. The boat, in a historical sense, represents the church or community of believers, and Peter's action can be seen as a metaphor for stepping out in faith from the collective into a personal encounter with Christ.

walked on the water
The phrase "περιεπάτησεν ἐπὶ τὰ ὕδατα" (periepatēsen epi ta hydata) describes a miraculous event. Walking on water defies natural laws, symbolizing the power of faith and the supernatural ability granted by Jesus. Water, in biblical symbolism, often represents chaos and the unknown. Peter's walk signifies triumph over fear and doubt through faith in Jesus. This miracle echoes Old Testament themes where God demonstrates His power over the waters, such as in the parting of the Red Sea.

and came toward Jesus
The direction of Peter's movement is crucial. The Greek "ἦλθεν πρὸς τὸν Ἰησοῦν" (ēlthen pros ton Iēsoun) indicates a purposeful approach towards Jesus. This movement signifies the goal of Christian faith: to draw nearer to Christ. Historically, this reflects the journey of discipleship, where believers are called to move towards Jesus, overcoming obstacles and distractions. Theologically, it underscores the idea that true faith involves action and movement towards the divine, guided by the presence and call of Christ.

But when he saw
This phrase marks a pivotal moment in Peter's experience. The Greek word for "saw" is "βλέπω" (blepō), which implies more than just physical sight; it suggests perception and understanding. Peter's focus shifts from Jesus to the surrounding circumstances. This serves as a reminder of the importance of maintaining spiritual focus amidst life's distractions. In a broader scriptural context, this moment illustrates the human tendency to falter when we take our eyes off Christ and focus on worldly challenges.

the strength of the wind
The "strength" here is translated from the Greek word "ἰσχυρός" (ischyros), meaning strong or mighty. The wind represents the trials and tribulations that believers face. Historically, the Sea of Galilee is known for sudden, violent storms, which would have been a familiar threat to the disciples, many of whom were seasoned fishermen. This phrase symbolizes the overwhelming nature of life's challenges that can cause fear and doubt when we rely on our own strength rather than God's.

he was afraid
Fear, from the Greek "φοβέομαι" (phobeomai), is a natural human response to danger. However, in a spiritual context, fear often signifies a lack of faith. Peter's fear contrasts with the peace that comes from trusting in Jesus. This moment serves as a cautionary tale about the paralyzing effect of fear when it overshadows faith. Theologically, it underscores the need for believers to trust in God's sovereignty and power over all circumstances.

and beginning to sink
The act of sinking, "καταποντίζω" (katapontizō), is both literal and metaphorical. Literally, Peter is physically sinking into the water, but metaphorically, it represents the spiritual decline that occurs when faith wavers. This imagery is powerful, illustrating the consequences of doubt and the necessity of maintaining faith in Christ. It serves as a reminder that without Jesus, we are susceptible to being overwhelmed by life's challenges.

he cried out
The Greek word "κράζω" (krazō) conveys a loud, urgent cry for help. This is a moment of desperation and recognition of Peter's inability to save himself. It reflects the human condition of needing divine intervention. In a broader biblical context, crying out to the Lord is a recurring theme, emphasizing the importance of seeking God's help in times of trouble. It is a call to humility and dependence on God's grace.

'Lord, save me!'
This plea is both simple and profound. "Lord" acknowledges Jesus' authority and divinity, while "save me" is a direct appeal for deliverance. The Greek "σῴζω" (sōzō) means to save, rescue, or deliver. This cry for salvation is central to the Christian faith, symbolizing the sinner's call for redemption. It highlights the personal relationship between the believer and Christ, where Jesus is both Savior and Lord. This moment encapsulates the essence of faith—recognizing our need for Jesus and trusting in His power to save.

Immediately Jesus reached out His hand
The word "immediately" (Greek: εὐθέως, eutheos) signifies the urgency and readiness of Jesus to act. In the context of the stormy sea, this immediate action underscores Jesus' divine authority and His ever-present readiness to save those who call upon Him. The act of reaching out His hand is symbolic of divine intervention and grace. Historically, this reflects the consistent biblical theme of God's swift response to the cries of His people, as seen throughout the Old Testament, such as in the Psalms where God is described as a refuge and strength, a very present help in trouble (Psalm 46:1).

and took hold of him
The phrase "took hold" (Greek: ἐπιλαμβάνεται, epilambanetai) conveys a strong, firm grasp, indicating not just a physical action but a spiritual assurance. This act of taking hold is reminiscent of God's covenantal faithfulness, where He promises to uphold and sustain His people. In a broader scriptural context, it reflects the security believers have in Christ, who holds them firmly in His hand, as echoed in John 10:28-29, where Jesus assures that no one can snatch His sheep out of His hand.

'You of little faith,'
The term "little faith" (Greek: ὀλιγόπιστε, oligopiste) is a gentle rebuke that Jesus uses several times in the Gospels. It highlights the struggle between faith and doubt that believers often face. This phrase serves as a reminder of the necessity of faith in the Christian walk. Historically, this reflects the early church's challenges in maintaining faith amidst persecution and trials. It is a call to trust in God's promises and His power, as faith as small as a mustard seed can move mountains (Matthew 17:20).

He said, 'why did you doubt?'
The word "doubt" (Greek: ἐδίστασας, edistasas) implies a wavering or hesitation. In the context of Peter walking on water, it illustrates the human tendency to falter when faced with overwhelming circumstances. This question is not just a rebuke but an invitation to introspection and growth in faith. Scripturally, it aligns with James 1:6, which warns against doubting when asking God for wisdom, as doubt leads to instability. Historically, this reflects the early Christian community's need to remain steadfast in faith despite external pressures and internal uncertainties.

And when they had climbed into the boat
This phrase marks the culmination of a miraculous event where Jesus walks on water and Peter briefly joins Him. The Greek word for "climbed" (ἐμβαίνω, embainō) suggests a deliberate and purposeful action. This act of climbing into the boat signifies a return to safety and normalcy after a supernatural encounter. The boat, often seen as a symbol of the Church, represents a place of refuge and community. Historically, boats were essential for travel and trade in the region, underscoring the disciples' reliance on Jesus to navigate life's storms.

the wind
The "wind" (ἄνεμος, anemos) in this context is not just a natural phenomenon but a representation of chaos and adversity. In biblical literature, wind often symbolizes trials and challenges that test faith. The disciples' struggle against the wind before Jesus' intervention highlights human vulnerability and the need for divine assistance. The calming of the wind by Jesus demonstrates His authority over nature and His ability to bring peace amidst turmoil.

died down
The phrase "died down" (κόπασεν, kopasen) indicates a sudden cessation of the storm, reflecting the immediate impact of Jesus' presence. This calming of the storm is a powerful testament to His divine power and control over creation. In a broader spiritual sense, it illustrates the peace that Jesus brings into the lives of believers, quelling fears and anxieties. Historically, the calming of storms was seen as a divine act, reinforcing Jesus' identity as the Son of God to the disciples and to readers of the Gospel.

Then those who were in the boat
This phrase sets the scene and identifies the witnesses of the miraculous event. The "boat" symbolizes the Church or the community of believers, often seen as a vessel of safety amidst the chaos of the world, represented by the sea. The disciples, who were in the boat, had just witnessed Jesus walking on water and calming the storm, which is a powerful testament to His divine authority. Historically, boats were essential for travel and trade in the ancient world, and they often appear in the Gospels as settings for Jesus' teachings and miracles.

worshiped Him
The Greek word for "worshiped" is "προσκυνέω" (proskuneo), which means to bow down or prostrate oneself in reverence. This act of worship indicates a recognition of Jesus' divine nature and authority. In the Jewish context, worship was reserved for God alone, making this act by the disciples a profound acknowledgment of Jesus' identity. This moment marks a significant development in the disciples' understanding of who Jesus is, moving from seeing Him as a teacher or prophet to recognizing His divinity.

saying, 'Truly You are the Son of God.'
The declaration "Truly" (Greek: "ἀληθῶς," alethos) emphasizes the certainty and conviction behind the disciples' statement. This is not a mere acknowledgment but a confession of faith. The title "Son of God" is pivotal in Christian theology, affirming Jesus' unique relationship with the Father and His divine nature. In the Old Testament, "son of God" could refer to angels or kings, but in the New Testament, it takes on a deeper meaning, signifying Jesus as the Messiah and the second person of the Trinity. This confession by the disciples is a moment of revelation and insight, inspired by witnessing Jesus' mastery over nature, which only God could possess.

When they had crossed over
This phrase marks a transition in the narrative, indicating movement and completion of a journey. The Greek word used here, "διαπεράσαντες" (diaperasantes), suggests a successful passage from one side to another, often used in the context of crossing a body of water. This crossing over can be seen as symbolic of spiritual transitions or overcoming obstacles with divine assistance. In the broader biblical narrative, crossing over water often signifies a new beginning or deliverance, reminiscent of the Israelites crossing the Red Sea.

they landed at Gennesaret
Gennesaret refers to a fertile plain on the western shore of the Sea of Galilee. The name itself is derived from the Hebrew "Kinneret," which means "harp," likely referring to the shape of the lake. This area was known for its rich soil and abundant agriculture, symbolizing prosperity and God's provision. Historically, Gennesaret was a place where Jesus performed many miracles, emphasizing His power and compassion. The landing at Gennesaret signifies a return to a place of ministry and miracles, highlighting the ongoing mission of Jesus and His disciples to bring healing and teaching to the people.

And when the men of that place recognized Jesus
The phrase "recognized Jesus" indicates a moment of revelation and understanding. The Greek word for "recognized" is "epiginōskō," which implies a deep, personal knowledge or awareness. This recognition is not merely visual but spiritual, acknowledging Jesus' identity and authority. Historically, this reflects the growing reputation of Jesus as a healer and teacher, spreading throughout the region. The men of the place, likely familiar with His miracles, respond with urgency and faith, setting the stage for the miraculous.

they sent word to all the surrounding region
The act of sending "word" signifies the urgency and importance of the news. The Greek term "aposteilantes" suggests a deliberate and purposeful action, akin to sending a messenger. This reflects the communal nature of the society, where news was shared orally and rapidly. The "surrounding region" indicates a broad geographical area, emphasizing the widespread impact of Jesus' ministry. This action demonstrates the faith of the people, believing that Jesus' presence could bring healing and hope.

People brought all the sick to Him
The phrase "brought all the sick" highlights the collective effort and faith of the community. The Greek word "prospherō" means to bring or offer, often used in the context of offerings to God, suggesting an act of worship and trust. The inclusion of "all the sick" underscores the comprehensive nature of Jesus' healing ministry, offering hope to every individual, regardless of their ailment. This reflects the compassionate heart of Jesus, who never turned away those in need. Historically, this scene would have been a powerful testament to Jesus' divine authority and the fulfillment of Messianic prophecies, drawing people to Him in faith and expectation.

and begged Him
The Greek word for "begged" is "παρεκάλουν" (parekaloun), which conveys a sense of earnest pleading or entreaty. This word suggests a deep desperation and faith in Jesus' ability to heal. Historically, this reflects the common practice of seeking out renowned healers, but in this context, it underscores the recognition of Jesus' divine authority and compassion. The people’s plea is not just a request but a demonstration of their belief in His power.

just to let them touch
The phrase "just to let them touch" indicates the minimal physical contact required for healing, emphasizing the power inherent in Jesus. The Greek word "ἅψωνται" (hapsōntai) means to touch or grasp lightly. This highlights the faith of the people, believing that even the slightest contact with Jesus could result in miraculous healing. It reflects a profound understanding of His holiness and the divine power that emanates from Him.

the fringe of His cloak
The "fringe" refers to the "κράσπεδον" (kraspedon), which is the tassel or border of a garment. In Jewish tradition, the fringe of a garment, or "tzitzit," was a reminder of the commandments (Numbers 15:38-39). This detail is significant as it connects Jesus to His Jewish heritage and the fulfillment of the Law. The act of touching the fringe symbolizes a connection to the covenant and the acknowledgment of Jesus as the Messiah who embodies the Law and the Prophets.

And all who touched Him
The inclusivity of "all who touched Him" underscores the universal accessibility of Jesus' healing power. The Greek word "ὅσοι" (hosoi) means "as many as" or "all who," indicating that there were no exceptions or limitations to His compassion and power. This phrase highlights the boundless grace of Jesus, available to anyone who approaches Him in faith.

were healed
The Greek word for "healed" is "διεσώθησαν" (diesōthēsan), which can also mean "saved" or "made whole." This dual meaning suggests that the healing Jesus provides is not merely physical but also spiritual. It points to the comprehensive salvation that Jesus offers, restoring individuals to wholeness in body, mind, and spirit. This healing is a foretaste of the ultimate redemption and restoration promised in the Kingdom of God.