Jesus
The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew name "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This name is significant as it encapsulates the mission and purpose of Christ's life on earth. In the context of Luke 4:1, Jesus is about to embark on a pivotal moment in His ministry, demonstrating His role as the Savior who overcomes temptation and sin on behalf of humanity.

full of the Holy Spirit
The phrase "full of the Holy Spirit" indicates that Jesus was completely guided and empowered by the Holy Spirit. In Greek, the word "pleres" means "full" or "complete," suggesting that Jesus was entirely under the influence and direction of the Spirit. This fullness is essential for His upcoming confrontation with Satan, showing that divine strength is necessary to overcome evil.

returned from the Jordan
The Jordan River is a significant geographical and spiritual landmark in the Bible. It was the site of Jesus' baptism by John the Baptist, where the Holy Spirit descended upon Him like a dove. This return from the Jordan signifies a transition from His baptism, a public declaration of His mission, to a period of testing and preparation for His ministry.

was led by the Spirit
The phrase "was led by the Spirit" emphasizes the active guidance of the Holy Spirit in Jesus' life. The Greek word "ago" means "to lead" or "to bring," indicating that Jesus was not acting on His own accord but was being directed by divine will. This leading into the wilderness is a deliberate act of God, preparing Jesus for the trials ahead.

into the wilderness
The "wilderness" is a place of testing and solitude, often associated with spiritual trials in the Bible. In Hebrew tradition, the wilderness is where the Israelites wandered for forty years, a place of both testing and divine provision. For Jesus, the wilderness becomes a battleground where He confronts Satan, symbolizing the spiritual struggle between good and evil.

where for forty days
The phrase "forty days" is significant throughout the Bible, often symbolizing a period of testing, trial, or preparation. In the Old Testament, Moses spent forty days on Mount Sinai (Exodus 24:18), and Elijah journeyed for forty days to Horeb (1 Kings 19:8). The number forty is frequently associated with times of spiritual significance and transformation. In the context of Jesus' temptation, it underscores a period of intense spiritual preparation before His public ministry. The Greek word for "forty" (τεσσεράκοντα, tessarakonta) emphasizes completeness and sufficiency in the testing period.

He was tempted by the devil
The word "tempted" (πειραζόμενος, peirazomenos) in Greek can mean to test or to try, indicating that Jesus was subjected to a trial by the devil. This temptation was not merely a test of endurance but a profound spiritual confrontation. The devil, or "diabolos" in Greek, meaning "slanderer" or "accuser," represents the personification of evil and opposition to God's will. This encounter highlights the reality of spiritual warfare and the devil's role as the adversary seeking to derail God's redemptive plan through Christ.

He ate nothing during those days
Fasting is a spiritual discipline seen throughout Scripture, often associated with seeking God's guidance, repentance, or preparation for a significant task. Jesus' fasting for forty days echoes the experiences of Moses and Elijah, aligning Him with the prophetic tradition and demonstrating His reliance on the Father. The act of fasting underscores Jesus' humanity and His voluntary submission to physical weakness to fulfill His divine mission. It also serves as a model for believers in practicing self-denial and spiritual focus.

and when they had ended, He was hungry
The phrase "He was hungry" emphasizes Jesus' true humanity. Despite being the Son of God, He experienced physical hunger and weakness, highlighting His identification with human frailty. This hunger sets the stage for the subsequent temptations, where the devil seeks to exploit Jesus' physical needs. The Greek word for "hungry" (ἐπείνασεν, epeinasen) underscores the reality of His physical condition, reminding believers that Jesus fully understands human struggles and temptations. His victory over temptation provides a powerful example of reliance on God's Word and Spirit in overcoming the challenges of life.

The devil
In this passage, "the devil" refers to Satan, the adversary of God and humanity. The Greek word used here is "διάβολος" (diabolos), meaning "slanderer" or "accuser." This term highlights Satan's role as one who opposes and seeks to undermine God's work. Historically, Satan is seen as a fallen angel who rebelled against God, and his presence in this narrative underscores the spiritual battle between good and evil. In the broader scriptural context, the devil is often depicted as a tempter, as seen in the Book of Job and throughout the New Testament.

said to Him
The phrase "said to Him" indicates a direct confrontation between the devil and Jesus. The Greek verb "εἶπεν" (eipen) is used here, which is a common term for speaking or saying. This interaction is significant because it shows the devil's boldness in approaching Jesus, the Son of God, and attempting to sway Him from His divine mission. It also sets the stage for the ensuing temptation, highlighting the devil's strategy of using words to deceive and manipulate.

If You are the Son of God
This phrase is a conditional statement that challenges Jesus' identity. The Greek word "εἰ" (ei) translates to "if," introducing doubt and testing. The devil's use of "the Son of God" acknowledges Jesus' divine nature but simultaneously questions it, attempting to provoke Jesus into proving His identity through miraculous means. This temptation is reminiscent of the serpent's tactics in Genesis, where doubt is sown to lead to disobedience. Theologically, this challenge is significant because it targets the core of Jesus' mission and identity.

tell this stone
Here, the devil instructs Jesus to "tell this stone," using the Greek word "εἰπὲ" (eipe), a command form of "to say." The stone represents a mundane, earthly object, and the devil's challenge is for Jesus to use His divine power for personal gain. This temptation is rooted in the physical needs of Jesus, who was fasting and hungry, and it reflects a broader temptation to misuse divine authority for selfish purposes. The stone symbolizes the ordinary, and the devil's suggestion is to transform it into something extraordinary, thus testing Jesus' reliance on God.

to become bread
The phrase "to become bread" is the culmination of the devil's temptation, appealing to Jesus' physical hunger after fasting for forty days. The Greek word "ἄρτος" (artos) means bread, a staple of life and a symbol of sustenance. This temptation is not merely about satisfying hunger but about prioritizing physical needs over spiritual obedience. In the historical context, bread was essential for survival, and the devil's suggestion is to prioritize immediate physical satisfaction over trust in God's provision. This temptation echoes the Israelites' reliance on manna in the wilderness, where dependence on God was paramount. Jesus' response to this temptation, which follows in the subsequent verses, emphasizes the importance of spiritual nourishment over physical needs, aligning with the broader biblical theme of trusting in God's provision and timing.

But Jesus answered
This phrase introduces the response of Jesus to the devil's temptation. The Greek word for "answered" is ἀποκριθεὶς (apokritheis), which implies a thoughtful and deliberate response. Jesus, fully aware of the spiritual battle, uses Scripture as His defense, setting an example for believers to rely on God's Word in times of trial.

It is written
The phrase "It is written" (γέγραπται, gegraptai) signifies the authority and permanence of Scripture. Jesus refers to the Old Testament, specifically Deuteronomy 8:3, underscoring the continuity and reliability of God's Word. This highlights the importance of Scripture as the ultimate authority in guiding moral and spiritual decisions.

Man shall not live
The Greek word for "live" is ζήσεται (zēsetai), which encompasses more than mere physical existence. It implies a fullness of life that includes spiritual well-being. Jesus emphasizes that true life is not sustained by physical means alone but requires spiritual nourishment.

on bread alone
"Bread" (ἄρτῳ, artō) symbolizes physical sustenance and material needs. The word "alone" (μόνῳ, monō) indicates that while physical needs are important, they are not sufficient for a complete and fulfilling life. Jesus teaches that reliance solely on material provisions neglects the deeper spiritual needs of humanity.

Then the devil
The term "devil" comes from the Greek word "diabolos," meaning "slanderer" or "accuser." In the biblical narrative, the devil is portrayed as the adversary of God and humanity, seeking to lead people away from divine truth. This encounter highlights the spiritual warfare that Jesus faced, emphasizing the reality of evil and temptation in the world. The devil's role here is to test Jesus, challenging His mission and identity as the Son of God.

led Him up
The phrase "led Him up" suggests a deliberate action by the devil, indicating a physical movement to a vantage point. This movement is symbolic of the devil's attempt to elevate Jesus to a position where worldly power and glory can be offered as a temptation. It reflects the devil's strategy to lure Jesus away from His divine mission by appealing to human desires for power and authority.

to a high place
The "high place" is significant both physically and symbolically. In ancient times, high places were often associated with worship and divine encounters. Here, it serves as a setting for a profound spiritual test. The elevation provides a panoramic view, symbolizing the vastness of the temptation and the allure of earthly dominion. It underscores the contrast between earthly power and the spiritual kingdom Jesus came to establish.

showed Him
The act of showing implies a vision or revelation. The devil presents Jesus with a vision of all the kingdoms, appealing to the senses and imagination. This act is reminiscent of the way temptations often present themselves—appealing, immediate, and seemingly beneficial. It challenges Jesus to consider the immediate gratification of power versus the eternal purpose of His mission.

in an instant
The phrase "in an instant" conveys the immediacy and fleeting nature of the vision. It suggests that the devil's offer is both urgent and transient, lacking the enduring substance of God's promises. This immediacy is a common characteristic of temptation, which often seeks to distract from long-term spiritual goals with short-term gains.

all the kingdoms of the world
The "kingdoms of the world" represent the totality of earthly power and glory. In the historical context, these kingdoms would include the vast empires known at the time, such as Rome, which dominated the political landscape. The offer of these kingdoms is a direct challenge to Jesus' mission, as it contrasts the temporal nature of earthly rule with the eternal kingdom of God. This temptation underscores the choice between worldly power and divine purpose, a central theme in Jesus' ministry.

I will give You
This phrase is spoken by Satan during the temptation of Jesus in the wilderness. The Greek word for "give" is "δώσω" (dōsō), which implies a transfer of power or possession. In the context of the temptation, Satan is attempting to offer Jesus something that is not rightfully his to give, highlighting the deceitful nature of the adversary. This offer is a counterfeit promise, as true authority belongs to God alone. Theologically, this reflects the ongoing spiritual battle where Satan tries to usurp God's authority.

authority over all these kingdoms
The term "authority" comes from the Greek "ἐξουσία" (exousia), meaning power or right to act. In the ancient world, kingdoms were often ruled by monarchs who wielded absolute power. Satan's claim to offer authority over these kingdoms is a direct challenge to God's sovereignty. Historically, the Roman Empire, which dominated the known world at the time, was seen as the epitome of earthly power. Yet, Jesus' mission was not to establish an earthly kingdom but a heavenly one, emphasizing the spiritual nature of His reign.

and all their glory
The word "glory" is translated from the Greek "δόξα" (doxa), which can mean splendor, honor, or magnificence. In biblical terms, true glory is attributed to God. The glory of earthly kingdoms is temporary and pales in comparison to the eternal glory of God's kingdom. This phrase serves as a reminder of the fleeting nature of worldly power and the eternal significance of spiritual truth.

he said
This simple phrase indicates the speaker, Satan, who is often referred to as the "father of lies" (John 8:44). His words are a mixture of truth and deception, as he acknowledges his temporary dominion over the earth but fails to recognize God's ultimate authority. This highlights the importance of discernment and reliance on God's Word to counteract falsehoods.

for it has been relinquished to me
The word "relinquished" suggests a transfer or surrender of control. The Greek term "παραδίδωμι" (paradidōmi) can mean to hand over or deliver. This reflects the biblical understanding that, due to humanity's fall into sin, Satan has a certain level of influence over the world. However, this is not a permanent state, as Christ's redemptive work on the cross ultimately defeats Satan's power.

and I can give it to anyone I wish
This claim by Satan is a bold assertion of his perceived power. The phrase "I can give" uses the Greek "δίδωμι" (didōmi), emphasizing the act of bestowing or granting. However, this is a deceptive promise, as true authority and dominion belong to God alone. This statement serves as a caution against the allure of worldly power and the importance of seeking God's will above all else.

If you, then, will worship me
This phrase is a direct quote from Satan during the temptation of Jesus in the wilderness. The Greek word for "worship" here is "προσκυνήσῃς" (proskynēsēs), which means to bow down or prostrate oneself in reverence. In the ancient Near Eastern context, worship was not merely an act of religious devotion but a declaration of allegiance and submission. Satan's proposition is not just about a physical act but a call for Jesus to acknowledge his authority. Historically, this temptation reflects the broader struggle between the kingdoms of this world and the Kingdom of God. The act of worship is central to the biblical narrative, emphasizing the importance of whom we choose to serve and honor.

it will all be yours
The promise of "it will all be yours" is a deceitful offer of worldly power and dominion. The Greek word "σου" (sou) translates to "yours," indicating possession or ownership. This reflects Satan's attempt to entice Jesus with temporal authority over the kingdoms of the world. In the historical context, rulers often sought divine endorsement to legitimize their reign, and here Satan is offering Jesus a shortcut to kingship without the cross. This temptation underscores the biblical theme of the fleeting nature of earthly power compared to the eternal reign of God. It serves as a reminder that true authority and inheritance come from God alone, not from compromising with evil.

But Jesus answered
This phrase introduces the response of Jesus to the devil's temptation. The Greek word for "answered" is "apokrinomai," which implies a thoughtful and deliberate response. Jesus, fully aware of the devil's intentions, responds with authority and wisdom. This highlights the importance of being prepared to answer challenges to our faith with Scripture, as Jesus does here.

It is written
The phrase "It is written" signifies the authority of Scripture. Jesus refers to the written Word of God as the ultimate authority, emphasizing its divine inspiration and timeless relevance. This phrase is a direct reference to the Old Testament, showing Jesus' deep respect for the Scriptures and their role as the foundation of truth.

Worship the Lord your God
"Worship" comes from the Greek word "proskuneo," which means to bow down or show reverence. This command is rooted in the First Commandment, underscoring the exclusive devotion owed to God. The historical context here is the Israelites' struggle with idolatry, and Jesus reaffirms the necessity of worshiping God alone, rejecting any form of idolatry or false worship.

and serve Him only
The word "serve" is translated from the Greek "latreuo," which implies service or worship through actions. This phrase emphasizes the exclusivity of our service to God, rejecting any divided loyalties. Historically, this reflects the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where God demands undivided allegiance. Jesus' use of this phrase reinforces the call to live a life wholly dedicated to God, serving Him in all aspects of life.

Then the devil
The phrase "Then the devil" introduces the tempter, Satan, who is a real and personal being, not merely a symbol of evil. The Greek word for "devil" is "diabolos," meaning "slanderer" or "accuser." This highlights Satan's role as the adversary of God and humanity, seeking to lead people away from God's truth. In the context of Jesus' temptation, it underscores the spiritual battle between good and evil, with Jesus standing firm against the devil's schemes.

led Him
The phrase "led Him" indicates that Jesus was taken by the devil to a specific location. The Greek word "ago" implies a leading or bringing, suggesting that Jesus, though fully divine, allowed Himself to be subjected to this temptation as part of His human experience. This act of being led demonstrates Jesus' submission to the Father's will and His willingness to endure temptation on our behalf, showing His identification with human struggles.

to Jerusalem
"To Jerusalem" situates the event in a city of profound religious significance. Jerusalem, the center of Jewish worship and the location of the temple, represents the heart of Jewish faith and tradition. By choosing Jerusalem, the devil attempts to exploit the religious and cultural significance of the city, aiming to challenge Jesus' identity and mission in a place where His actions would be most scrutinized.

and set Him
The phrase "and set Him" suggests a deliberate positioning by the devil. The Greek word "histemi" means to place or stand, indicating that Jesus was positioned in a way that would make the ensuing temptation more impactful. This act of setting Jesus on the pinnacle is symbolic of the devil's attempt to elevate Jesus in a manner contrary to God's plan, testing His reliance on the Father.

on the pinnacle of the temple
"On the pinnacle of the temple" refers to the highest point of the temple complex, likely the southeastern corner overlooking the Kidron Valley. The temple was the most sacred site in Judaism, and its pinnacle would have been a place of visibility and significance. By placing Jesus here, the devil tempts Him to perform a public miracle to prove His divinity, challenging Jesus to misuse His power for self-glorification rather than fulfilling His redemptive mission. This temptation echoes the human desire for recognition and the misuse of spiritual gifts for personal gain, which Jesus resists by remaining faithful to His divine purpose.

For it is written
This phrase underscores the authority and permanence of Scripture. In the Greek, "γέγραπται" (gegraptai) is used, which is in the perfect tense, indicating a completed action with ongoing results. This highlights the enduring nature of God's Word. Jesus, in His temptation, relies on the written Word, demonstrating its sufficiency and authority in spiritual warfare. The phrase also connects to the Jewish tradition of oral and written Torah, emphasizing the importance of Scripture in guiding life and faith.

He will command
The Greek word "ἐντελεῖται" (enteleitai) suggests a direct and authoritative order. This reflects God's sovereign power and His active role in the protection and guidance of His people. The use of this word indicates that God's commands are not passive suggestions but active decrees that are carried out by His creation, including His angels.

His angels
The term "ἀγγέλους" (angelous) refers to messengers or agents of God. In the biblical context, angels are spiritual beings created by God to serve Him and execute His will. They are often depicted as protectors and warriors, emphasizing their role in God's divine plan. The mention of angels here reassures believers of God's provision and protection through His heavenly hosts.

Concerning you
This phrase personalizes the promise, indicating that God's care and protection are directed towards the individual. The Greek "περὶ σοῦ" (peri sou) suggests a specific and intimate concern for the believer. It reflects the personal relationship God has with His people, where His attention and care are not generic but tailored to each person's needs and circumstances.

To guard you carefully
The Greek word "διαφυλάξαι" (diaphylaxai) means to keep safe or preserve. This implies a vigilant and continuous protection. The use of "carefully" emphasizes the thoroughness and attentiveness of God's guardianship. In the historical context, this reflects the ancient understanding of divine protection, where God's presence was seen as a shield against physical and spiritual harm. This assurance of protection is a source of comfort and strength for believers, encouraging them to trust in God's unfailing care.

and they will lift You up in their hands
This phrase is a direct quotation from Psalm 91:12, which is a messianic psalm that speaks of God's protection over His anointed. The Greek word for "lift" is "αἴρω" (airō), which means to raise or elevate. In the context of this verse, it signifies divine intervention and protection. The imagery of being lifted up in hands suggests a careful and tender safeguarding, akin to how a parent might protect a child from harm. Historically, this reflects the Jewish understanding of angels as ministering spirits sent to serve those who will inherit salvation (Hebrews 1:14). The phrase underscores the belief in God's providential care and the role of angels as protectors of the faithful.

so that You will not strike Your foot against a stone
The word "strike" comes from the Greek "προσκόπτω" (proskoptō), meaning to stumble or trip. This phrase metaphorically represents any form of harm or obstacle that might impede one's path. In the ancient Near Eastern context, walking was a common mode of travel, and the terrain was often rocky and uneven, making the risk of stumbling a real concern. Spiritually, this phrase implies that God’s protection extends to even the smallest details of life, ensuring that His plans for His people are not thwarted by unforeseen challenges. Theologically, it speaks to the assurance of divine guidance and the promise that God will not allow His chosen ones to fall into ultimate harm. This verse, while used by Satan in the temptation of Christ, ultimately points to the truth that God's protection is not to be tested presumptuously but trusted faithfully.

But Jesus answered
This phrase indicates a response from Jesus, highlighting His role as a teacher and authority on spiritual matters. The Greek word for "answered" is "apokrinomai," which implies a thoughtful and deliberate response. Jesus, in His wisdom, provides a counter to the temptation presented to Him, demonstrating His deep understanding of Scripture and His commitment to God's will.

It is said
Here, Jesus refers to the authority of Scripture. The phrase "It is said" underscores the importance of the written Word as a guide for life and faith. In the Greek, "eirētai" is used, which is a perfect passive indicative, suggesting that what is said remains true and authoritative. This reflects the conservative Christian view that Scripture is timeless and unchanging.

‘Do not put the Lord your God to the test.’
This command is a direct quotation from Deuteronomy 6:16, where Moses instructs the Israelites not to test God as they did at Massah. The Greek word for "test" is "ekpeirazō," which means to tempt or try beyond reasonable limits. Historically, this refers to the Israelites' lack of faith and trust in God's provision. Jesus uses this Scripture to affirm His trust in God and to reject the devil's challenge. In a conservative Christian perspective, this serves as a reminder to trust in God's sovereignty and not to demand signs or proofs of His power and presence.

When the devil
The term "devil" comes from the Greek word "diabolos," meaning "slanderer" or "accuser." In the biblical context, the devil is the adversary of God and humanity, seeking to lead people away from God's truth. This passage highlights the devil's role as the tempter, one who actively opposes Jesus' mission from the outset of His ministry.

had finished
The Greek word used here is "sunteleo," which means to bring to an end or complete. This indicates that the devil's temptations were exhaustive, covering every possible angle to derail Jesus' mission. It underscores the completeness of Jesus' victory over temptation, as He withstood every test the devil could devise.

every temptation
The word "temptation" is translated from the Greek "peirasmos," which can mean a trial or test. In this context, it refers to the devil's attempts to entice Jesus into sin. The use of "every" emphasizes the comprehensive nature of these trials, suggesting that Jesus faced the full spectrum of human temptation, yet remained sinless.

he left Him
The phrase "left Him" is derived from the Greek "aphistemi," meaning to depart or withdraw. This indicates a temporary retreat by the devil, acknowledging his inability to overcome Jesus at this time. It reflects the spiritual reality that while the devil may retreat, he does not give up his efforts to oppose God's work.

until an opportune time
The Greek word "kairos" is used here for "opportune time," signifying a specific, favorable moment. This suggests that the devil was strategic, waiting for another chance to challenge Jesus. Historically, this foreshadows future encounters, such as the betrayal by Judas and the events leading to the crucifixion, where the devil would again attempt to thwart God's plan.

Jesus returned
The phrase "Jesus returned" signifies a pivotal moment in the narrative of the Gospel. After His baptism and temptation in the wilderness, Jesus comes back to Galilee, marking the beginning of His public ministry. The Greek word for "returned" (ὑπέστρεψεν, hypestrepsen) implies a purposeful return, indicating that Jesus is now ready to fulfill His mission. This return is not just a physical movement but a spiritual transition into His role as the Messiah.

to Galilee
Galilee, a region in northern Israel, is significant for its diverse population and its role as the setting for much of Jesus' ministry. Historically, Galilee was known for its fertile land and bustling trade routes, making it a melting pot of cultures and ideas. This setting underscores the universal nature of Jesus' message, reaching beyond the Jewish community to the Gentiles as well.

in the power of the Spirit
The phrase "in the power of the Spirit" highlights the divine empowerment that Jesus possesses. The Greek word for "power" (δύναμις, dynamis) conveys a sense of miraculous strength and authority. This empowerment by the Holy Spirit is crucial, as it underscores the divine nature of Jesus' mission and His reliance on the Spirit for guidance and strength. It also serves as a model for believers, emphasizing the importance of living and ministering in the Spirit's power.

and the news about Him spread
The spreading of news about Jesus indicates the beginning of His widespread influence and the growing recognition of His authority and teachings. The Greek word for "news" (φήμη, phēmē) suggests a report or rumor that captures public attention. This rapid dissemination of information reflects the impact of Jesus' presence and the anticipation of the people for a Messiah.

throughout the surrounding region
This phrase emphasizes the extensive reach of Jesus' reputation. The surrounding region includes not only Galilee but also the broader areas of Judea and beyond. The historical context reveals a society eager for hope and deliverance, and Jesus' message resonated deeply with those long-awaiting the fulfillment of prophetic promises. This widespread recognition sets the stage for the transformative impact of His ministry.

He taught
The Greek word for "taught" is "ἐδίδασκεν" (edidasken), which is derived from "διδάσκω" (didaskō), meaning to instruct or impart knowledge. This word emphasizes the authoritative and continuous nature of Jesus' teaching. In the context of first-century Judaism, teaching was a revered activity, often associated with rabbis who were well-versed in the Torah. Jesus, however, taught with a unique authority that astonished His listeners (Matthew 7:28-29). His teaching was not merely an academic exercise but a transformative proclamation of the Kingdom of God.

in their synagogues
The term "synagogues" comes from the Greek "συναγωγαῖς" (synagōgais), referring to the assembly places where Jewish communities gathered for worship, prayer, and instruction in the Scriptures. Synagogues were central to Jewish religious life, especially in the Diaspora, serving as places of learning and community cohesion. Jesus' choice to teach in synagogues highlights His initial focus on the Jewish people and His respect for their traditions. It also underscores the fulfillment of prophecy, as the Messiah was expected to bring enlightenment to God's chosen people (Isaiah 61:1-2).

and everyone glorified Him
The phrase "everyone glorified Him" uses the Greek "ἐδοξάζετο" (edoxazeto), from "δοξάζω" (doxazō), meaning to praise, honor, or magnify. This response indicates widespread admiration and recognition of Jesus' authority and wisdom. The glorification of Jesus by the people reflects the impact of His teaching and the divine authority with which He spoke. It also foreshadows the ultimate glorification of Christ through His death, resurrection, and ascension. Historically, this reaction can be seen as a fulfillment of the messianic expectations that the coming of the Messiah would bring a new understanding and revelation of God's will.

Then Jesus came to Nazareth
This phrase marks a significant moment in Jesus' ministry, as He returns to His hometown. The Greek word for "came" (ἦλθεν, ēlthen) implies a purposeful arrival. Nazareth, a small and seemingly insignificant town, is where Jesus spent His formative years. This return highlights the fulfillment of prophecy and the humble beginnings of the Messiah, emphasizing that God often works through the ordinary and overlooked.

where He had been brought up
The phrase underscores Jesus' humanity and His connection to a specific community. The Greek word for "brought up" (ἐθράφη, etraphē) suggests nurturing and growth, indicating that Jesus was deeply rooted in the traditions and culture of Nazareth. This background would have shaped His understanding and approach to His ministry, demonstrating that God prepares His servants through their life experiences.

As was His custom
This phrase reveals Jesus' commitment to the practices of His faith. The Greek word for "custom" (εἰωθός, eiōthos) indicates a habitual practice. Jesus regularly attended synagogue services, showing His respect for Jewish law and tradition. This commitment serves as a model for believers, emphasizing the importance of regular worship and engagement with Scripture.

He entered the synagogue
The synagogue was the center of Jewish religious life, serving as a place for teaching, prayer, and community gathering. By entering the synagogue, Jesus positions Himself within the established religious framework of His time. This act signifies His role as a teacher and His authority to interpret Scripture, foreshadowing His later teachings and miracles.

on the Sabbath
The Sabbath, a day of rest and worship, is central to Jewish identity and religious practice. By choosing the Sabbath to reveal His mission, Jesus aligns His ministry with God's covenantal promises. The observance of the Sabbath underscores the continuity between the Old and New Covenants, highlighting Jesus as the fulfillment of the Law.

And He stood up to read
Standing to read was a customary practice in the synagogue, signifying respect for the Scriptures. The act of reading publicly indicates Jesus' authority and readiness to proclaim God's Word. This moment foreshadows His declaration of the fulfillment of prophecy, as He reads from Isaiah, revealing His identity as the Messiah and His mission to bring salvation to all.

And the scroll of the prophet Isaiah was handed to Him
This phrase sets the stage for a significant moment in Jesus' ministry. The "scroll" refers to the ancient practice of writing on parchment or papyrus, rolled into scrolls. In the synagogue, the Scriptures were read from these scrolls, emphasizing the sacredness and authority of the Word of God. The "prophet Isaiah" is a key figure in the Old Testament, known for his prophecies concerning the coming Messiah. The handing of this specific scroll to Jesus is not coincidental but divinely orchestrated, highlighting the fulfillment of prophecy through Christ. Historically, the synagogue service included a reading from the Law and the Prophets, and Jesus' selection of Isaiah underscores His mission and identity as the Messiah.

Unrolling it, He found the place where it is written
The act of "unrolling" the scroll signifies Jesus' intentionality and purpose. This was not a random selection but a deliberate choice to reveal His mission. The phrase "He found the place" indicates Jesus' familiarity with the Scriptures, reflecting His divine wisdom and authority. This moment is pivotal, as it connects the Old Testament prophecies with their fulfillment in Jesus. The phrase "where it is written" underscores the authority and inspiration of Scripture, reminding believers of the reliability and truth of God's Word. Jesus' actions here demonstrate His role as the living Word, bringing to life the written Word.

The Spirit of the Lord is on Me
This phrase signifies the divine anointing and empowerment of Jesus for His earthly ministry. The Greek word for "Spirit" is "Pneuma," which denotes breath or wind, symbolizing life and divine presence. The phrase "is on Me" indicates a special commissioning by God, reminiscent of Old Testament prophets like Isaiah and Elijah, who were also empowered by the Spirit for their missions. This anointing marks Jesus as the Messiah, fulfilling the prophecies and expectations of a Savior who would be divinely equipped to bring God's message to humanity.

because He has anointed Me
The term "anointed" comes from the Greek "chrio," meaning to consecrate or set apart for a special purpose. In the Old Testament, anointing with oil was a symbolic act of being chosen by God for a specific role, such as a king or priest. Here, it signifies Jesus' divine appointment as the Messiah, the Christ, who is uniquely qualified to fulfill God's redemptive plan. This anointing is not just a ceremonial act but a spiritual empowerment for the tasks ahead.

to preach good news to the poor
The phrase "preach good news" translates the Greek "euangelizo," meaning to proclaim or announce glad tidings. The "good news" refers to the Gospel, the message of salvation and hope through Jesus Christ. The "poor" are not only those lacking material wealth but also those who are spiritually impoverished, marginalized, and oppressed. Jesus' mission is to bring hope and restoration to all who recognize their need for God's grace, emphasizing the inclusivity and compassion of His ministry.

He has sent Me to proclaim freedom for the prisoners
"Proclaim" is from the Greek "kerusso," meaning to herald or announce publicly. "Freedom" translates "aphesis," which means release or liberation. "Prisoners" can be understood both literally and metaphorically, referring to those in physical captivity and those bound by sin, guilt, and spiritual oppression. Jesus' mission includes setting people free from the chains of sin and the bondage of legalism, offering true liberation through His sacrificial death and resurrection.

and recovery of sight to the blind
This phrase highlights Jesus' role as a healer and restorer. "Recovery of sight" suggests both physical healing and spiritual enlightenment. The "blind" are those who are unable to see the truth of God's kingdom due to spiritual darkness. Jesus' ministry brings light and understanding, opening the eyes of the heart to see and embrace the reality of God's love and salvation.

to release the oppressed
"Release" again uses the Greek "aphesis," emphasizing liberation. The "oppressed" are those who are crushed or broken by life's burdens, injustices, and spiritual forces. Jesus' mission is to lift these burdens, offering peace, justice, and healing. This reflects the heart of God for justice and mercy, as seen throughout Scripture, and underscores the transformative power of the Gospel to bring wholeness to the broken.

to proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor
This phrase alludes to the "Year of Jubilee" in Leviticus 25, a time of restoration, forgiveness, and freedom. "The year of the Lord’s favor" signifies a new era of grace inaugurated by Jesus' coming. It is a time when God's mercy and salvation are abundantly available to all who believe. This proclamation invites people to experience the fullness of God's blessings and the joy of living in His kingdom, where grace abounds and redemption is offered freely.

to proclaim
The Greek word used here is "κηρύξαι" (kēryxai), which means to herald or announce publicly. In the context of Jesus' ministry, this proclamation is not just a mere announcement but a divine declaration of God's intervention in human history. The act of proclaiming is central to the mission of Jesus, as it signifies the authoritative and transformative message of the Gospel. Historically, heralds were trusted messengers of kings, and here, Jesus is the ultimate herald of God's kingdom, bringing a message of hope and salvation.

the year
The term "year" in this context is not limited to a literal 365-day period. It refers to a designated time or season, often associated with the concept of Jubilee in the Old Testament (Leviticus 25:10). The Jubilee year was a time of liberation, restoration, and forgiveness, where debts were canceled, and slaves were freed. This concept is deeply rooted in Jewish tradition and symbolizes a period of divine grace and mercy. Jesus' reference to "the year" signifies a new era of spiritual renewal and redemption brought about by His presence and work.

of the Lord’s
The phrase "of the Lord’s" emphasizes divine ownership and authority. The Greek word "Κυρίου" (Kyriou) denotes the Lord, referring to God Himself. This highlights that the favor being proclaimed is not of human origin but is a sovereign act of God. It underscores the divine initiative in the salvation process, where God, in His sovereignty, chooses to extend grace and favor to humanity through Jesus Christ. This divine favor is a testament to God's unchanging nature and His desire to reconcile with His creation.

favor
The word "favor" is translated from the Greek "δεκτόν" (dekton), which means acceptable or favorable. This term conveys the idea of God's grace and goodwill towards humanity. In the scriptural context, it signifies a time when God is particularly disposed to bless and save His people. Theologically, this favor is manifested in the person and work of Jesus Christ, who embodies God's grace. It is a reminder of the unmerited love and kindness that God extends to us, inviting us into a relationship with Him. The "favor" of the Lord is a central theme in the Gospel, offering hope and assurance of God's benevolent plan for salvation.

Then He rolled up the scroll
In this phrase, we see Jesus concluding His reading from the scroll of Isaiah in the synagogue. The act of rolling up the scroll signifies the completion of a public reading, a common practice in Jewish synagogues. The Greek word for "rolled up" is "ptússō," which implies a careful and deliberate action. This reflects Jesus' respect for the Scriptures and His authority as He prepares to expound on the passage He has just read. Historically, scrolls were made of papyrus or parchment and were precious, emphasizing the sacredness of the Word of God.

returned it to the attendant
The "attendant" in the synagogue was responsible for the care of the scrolls, ensuring they were properly stored and maintained. This role was crucial in preserving the Scriptures for future generations. By returning the scroll to the attendant, Jesus demonstrates His adherence to the customs and order of the synagogue, showing respect for the established religious practices. This act also signifies the transition from reading to teaching, as Jesus prepares to deliver His message.

and sat down
In the context of first-century Jewish synagogues, sitting down was the posture of a teacher. Unlike modern practices where teachers stand, in Jesus' time, sitting signified authority and readiness to instruct. This action indicates that Jesus is about to teach with authority, fulfilling the role of a rabbi. The Greek word "kathizō" is used here, which means to sit or to take a seat, further emphasizing the transition from reading to teaching.

The eyes of everyone in the synagogue were fixed on Him
This phrase captures the anticipation and focus of the congregation. The Greek word "atenizō" means to gaze intently or to fix one's eyes upon. This intense focus suggests that the people were eager to hear Jesus' interpretation of the Scripture. Historically, Jesus had already gained a reputation as a teacher and miracle worker, which would have heightened the congregation's interest and expectation. This moment sets the stage for Jesus to reveal His identity and mission, as prophesied in the Scriptures.

He began
The phrase "He began" signifies the initiation of Jesus' public ministry in the synagogue. The Greek word used here is "ἤρξατο" (ērxato), which implies a deliberate and purposeful commencement. This moment marks a pivotal point in the Gospel of Luke, as Jesus transitions from His private life to His public role as the Messiah. Historically, this setting in the synagogue is significant, as it was a central place for teaching and community gathering in Jewish life. Jesus' choice to begin His ministry here underscores His connection to Jewish tradition and His role in fulfilling the Scriptures.

by saying
The phrase "by saying" indicates that Jesus is about to deliver a message of great importance. The Greek word "λέγειν" (legein) is used, which means to speak or to say. This is not just casual conversation; it is a proclamation. In the context of the synagogue, where the reading and interpretation of Scripture were central, Jesus' words carry the weight of divine revelation. This moment is a fulfillment of prophecy and a declaration of His identity and mission.

to them
The phrase "to them" refers to the audience in the synagogue, which would have included both regular attendees and religious leaders. This is significant because Jesus is addressing those who are familiar with the Scriptures and the prophecies concerning the Messiah. The direct address emphasizes the personal nature of His message and the immediate relevance to His listeners. It also highlights the communal aspect of His ministry, as He engages directly with the people of Israel.

Today
The word "Today" is crucial in this context. The Greek word "σήμερον" (sēmeron) signifies immediacy and urgency. Jesus is declaring that the fulfillment of the prophecy is not a distant future event but is happening in their presence. This word bridges the past promises of God with the present reality of Jesus' ministry. It emphasizes the "now" of God's salvation plan, inviting the listeners to recognize and respond to the momentous occasion.

this Scripture
The phrase "this Scripture" refers to the passage Jesus had just read from Isaiah 61:1-2. The Greek word "γραφή" (graphē) is used, which means writing or Scripture. This highlights the authority and sacredness of the text. By referring to "this Scripture," Jesus is identifying Himself as the fulfillment of the prophetic words, asserting His messianic identity and mission. It underscores the continuity of God's plan as revealed through the Scriptures.

is fulfilled
The phrase "is fulfilled" is a declaration of the completion of prophecy. The Greek word "πεπλήρωται" (peplērōtai) means to fill up or to complete. This indicates that what was promised and anticipated in the Scriptures has now come to fruition in Jesus. It is a powerful affirmation of His role as the Messiah and the inaugurator of God's kingdom. This fulfillment is not just a historical event but an ongoing reality in the lives of believers.

in your hearing
The phrase "in your hearing" emphasizes the personal and immediate nature of the fulfillment. The Greek word "ἀκοῇ" (akoē) refers to hearing or listening. This indicates that the fulfillment of the prophecy is not just an abstract concept but a tangible reality experienced by those present. It invites the listeners to be active participants in the unfolding of God's plan. This phrase also serves as a call to faith, urging the audience to recognize and accept Jesus as the promised Messiah.

All spoke well of Him
This phrase indicates the initial positive reception Jesus received from those in the synagogue. The Greek word for "spoke well" is "ἐμαρτύρουν" (emarturoun), which can also mean "witnessed" or "testified." This suggests that the people were not only speaking favorably but were also bearing witness to the impact of His words. Historically, this reflects the common practice in Jewish synagogues where a visiting teacher or rabbi would be invited to read and expound upon the Scriptures. Jesus, being a local from Nazareth, would have been familiar to them, and their initial reaction was one of approval and admiration.

and marveled at the gracious words
The Greek word for "marveled" is "ἐθαύμαζον" (ethaumazon), which conveys a sense of wonder and amazement. This reaction underscores the power and authority with which Jesus spoke. The term "gracious words" translates from "τοῖς λόγοις τῆς χάριτος" (tois logois tēs charitos), indicating words full of grace, charm, and divine favor. This phrase highlights the contrast between the expected and the extraordinary; Jesus' words were not just eloquent but carried a divine grace that captivated His audience. In a historical context, this reflects the Jewish anticipation of a Messiah who would speak with divine authority and wisdom.

that came from His lips
The phrase emphasizes the source of the gracious words—directly from Jesus' own mouth. The Greek "ἐκπορευομένων ἐκ τοῦ στόματος αὐτοῦ" (ekporeuomenōn ek tou stomatos autou) suggests a direct and personal delivery, underscoring the authenticity and authority of His message. In the scriptural context, this is significant because it fulfills the prophecy of Isaiah 61:1-2, which Jesus had just read, proclaiming the year of the Lord's favor. The historical and theological implication is profound, as it positions Jesus not just as a teacher, but as the prophesied Messiah whose words carry the weight of divine truth.

Is this not the son of Joseph?
This rhetorical question reflects the skepticism and familiarity of the people of Nazareth. The Greek "Οὐχὶ υἱός ἐστιν Ἰωσὴφ οὗτος;" (Ouchi huios estin Iōsēph houtos?) reveals their struggle to reconcile the extraordinary nature of Jesus' words with their knowledge of His humble origins. Joseph, a carpenter, was a well-known figure in the community, and Jesus' upbringing in Nazareth was common knowledge. This question highlights the tension between Jesus' divine mission and His human identity, a theme that runs throughout the Gospels. It also serves as a reminder of the prophetic truth that a prophet is often without honor in his own country (Luke 4:24), illustrating the challenge of faith in recognizing the divine amidst the ordinary.

Jesus said to them
This phrase introduces the speaker, Jesus, who is central to the narrative. In the Greek text, "Jesus" is "Ἰησοῦς" (Iēsous), a name that means "Yahweh is salvation." This highlights His divine mission and identity as the Savior. The phrase "said to them" indicates a direct communication, emphasizing the authority and intentionality of Jesus' words. Historically, Jesus is speaking in a synagogue in Nazareth, His hometown, where He is addressing those familiar with Him, setting the stage for a profound teaching moment.

Surely you will quote this proverb to Me
The word "surely" (Greek: πάντως, pantōs) conveys certainty, suggesting that Jesus is aware of the thoughts and expectations of His audience. The term "proverb" (Greek: παροιμίαν, paroimian) refers to a common saying or adage, indicating that Jesus is addressing a well-known cultural expression. This reflects the wisdom literature tradition in Jewish culture, where proverbs were used to convey truths succinctly. Jesus anticipates the skepticism of His listeners, who expect Him to perform miracles as proof of His authority.

Physician, heal yourself
This phrase is a proverbial expression that implies the expectation for one to demonstrate their abilities or authority by first addressing their own needs or issues. The term "physician" (Greek: ἰατρέ, iatre) is metaphorical, suggesting that Jesus, as a healer, should first prove His power by performing miracles for Himself or His own community. This reflects a common human tendency to demand proof or signs before belief, a theme that recurs throughout the Gospels.

Do here in Your hometown
The word "here" (Greek: ὧδε, hōde) emphasizes the location, Nazareth, where Jesus grew up. "Hometown" (Greek: πατρίδι, patridi) refers to one's native place, carrying connotations of familiarity and expectation. The people of Nazareth expect Jesus to perform miracles there, as He reportedly did elsewhere. This highlights the challenge Jesus faces in being accepted by those who think they know Him best, illustrating the biblical theme of a prophet not being honored in his own country.

what we have heard that You did in Capernaum
This phrase references reports of Jesus' miraculous works in Capernaum, a town that became a significant center for His ministry. The phrase "what we have heard" (Greek: ἃ ἠκούσαμεν, ha ēkousamen) indicates reliance on testimony and reputation, rather than firsthand experience. Capernaum, located by the Sea of Galilee, was a bustling hub, and Jesus' activities there were well-known. This sets up a contrast between the faith of those who have seen and believed and the skepticism of those who demand signs. The historical context underscores the spread of Jesus' fame and the varied responses to His ministry.

Truly
The Greek word used here is "ἀληθῶς" (alēthōs), which conveys a sense of certainty and truthfulness. In this context, Jesus is emphasizing the veracity of His statement. This word underscores the authority with which Jesus speaks, as He often prefaces important teachings with such affirmations. It is a call for the listener to pay close attention and accept the forthcoming truth.

I tell you
This phrase is a translation of the Greek "λέγω ὑμῖν" (legō hymin), which is a common expression used by Jesus to introduce a significant teaching or revelation. It indicates a direct communication from Jesus to His audience, highlighting the personal and authoritative nature of His message. This phrase sets the stage for a profound truth that challenges the listener to consider their own understanding and beliefs.

no prophet
The term "prophet" (προφήτης, prophētēs) refers to one who speaks forth by divine inspiration. In the Jewish tradition, prophets were revered as messengers of God, often bringing challenging or corrective messages. Jesus aligns Himself with the prophetic tradition, indicating that His message, like those of the prophets before Him, may not be readily accepted by those closest to Him.

is accepted
The Greek word "δεκτός" (dektos) means accepted or welcomed. This highlights the irony and tragedy that those who are most familiar with a prophet's background and upbringing are often the least likely to accept their message. It speaks to the human tendency to undervalue what is familiar and to resist change or challenge from those we know well.

in his hometown
The phrase "in his hometown" (ἐν τῇ πατρίδι αὐτοῦ, en tē patridi autou) refers to Nazareth, where Jesus grew up. This statement reflects a broader principle seen throughout scripture and history: familiarity can breed contempt. Jesus' experience in Nazareth is a microcosm of the broader rejection He would face from His own people, fulfilling the prophetic pattern of rejection faced by many of God's messengers.

But I tell you truthfully
This phrase underscores the authority and sincerity of Jesus' words. The Greek word for "truthfully" is "ἀληθῶς" (alēthōs), which conveys a sense of certainty and reliability. Jesus is emphasizing the importance and veracity of His message, drawing attention to the divine truth He is about to reveal. In a conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the trustworthiness of Christ's teachings and His role as the ultimate truth-bearer.

there were many widows in Israel
The mention of "widows" is significant in the biblical context, as widows were often vulnerable and marginalized in ancient society. The Greek word for "widows" is "χήραι" (chērai), which reflects their social status and need for divine intervention. This phrase sets the stage for a comparison between the chosen people of Israel and the Gentiles, emphasizing God's sovereign choice and mercy. It serves as a reminder of God's care for the marginalized and His ability to work beyond human expectations.

in the time of Elijah
Elijah is a pivotal figure in the Old Testament, known for his prophetic ministry during a time of great apostasy in Israel. The historical context of Elijah's ministry is marked by idolatry and rebellion against God, particularly under the reign of King Ahab and Queen Jezebel. This reference to Elijah situates the narrative within a period of divine judgment and prophetic intervention, highlighting the need for repentance and faithfulness to God.

when the sky was shut for three and a half years
This phrase refers to the drought that Elijah prophesied as a judgment upon Israel for their idolatry (1 Kings 17:1). The "sky was shut" is a vivid metaphor for the cessation of rain, symbolizing God's control over nature and His ability to withhold blessings in response to disobedience. The specific duration of "three and a half years" is significant, as it represents a period of trial and testing, often associated with divine judgment and purification in biblical literature.

and great famine swept over all the land
The "great famine" is a direct consequence of the drought, illustrating the severity of God's judgment. The Greek word for "famine" is "λιμός" (limos), which conveys a sense of extreme scarcity and suffering. This phrase emphasizes the widespread impact of the famine, affecting "all the land" and underscoring the comprehensive nature of God's judgment. In a conservative Christian perspective, this serves as a reminder of the consequences of turning away from God and the importance of seeking His provision and mercy.

Yet Elijah
The mention of "Elijah" here is significant as he is one of the most revered prophets in the Old Testament. His name in Hebrew, אֵלִיָּהוּ (Eliyahu), means "My God is Yahweh," which underscores his role as a staunch defender of the worship of Yahweh against the encroaching idolatry of Baal. Elijah's ministry was marked by miraculous events and a call to repentance, making him a fitting figure for Jesus to reference in His teaching. Elijah's life and works are recorded in 1 Kings, where he is depicted as a man of great faith and power, yet also of deep humanity and vulnerability.

was not sent
The phrase "was not sent" indicates divine direction and purpose. In the biblical context, prophets were often sent by God to deliver messages, perform miracles, or enact judgment. The Greek word used here, ἀποστέλλω (apostellō), means "to send out" or "to commission." This implies that Elijah's mission was not random but divinely orchestrated. It highlights the sovereignty of God in choosing whom He sends His messengers to, often defying human expectations or societal norms.

to any of them
"Any of them" refers to the people of Israel during a time of great need, specifically during a severe famine. This phrase underscores the exclusivity of God's choice in sending Elijah to a non-Israelite, which would have been a provocative point for Jesus' audience. It challenges the assumption that God's favor is limited to a particular ethnic or religious group, emphasizing instead His universal concern and grace.

but to the widow
The "widow" represents the marginalized and vulnerable in society. In ancient times, widows were often without means of support and were considered among the most destitute. The Greek word for widow, χήρα (chēra), conveys a sense of loss and dependency. By sending Elijah to a widow, God demonstrates His compassion and care for those who are often overlooked or oppressed. This choice serves as a powerful reminder of God's heart for justice and mercy.

of Zarephath
Zarephath was a town located in the region of Sidon, outside the borders of Israel. The mention of Zarephath is significant because it was a Gentile area, which would have been surprising to Jesus' Jewish audience. The town's name, צרפת (Tsarephath), means "smelting place," possibly indicating its role in metalworking or refining. This setting serves as a metaphor for the refining work God does in the lives of those He chooses, regardless of their background or status.

in Sidon
Sidon was a prominent Phoenician city known for its wealth and commerce. It was also associated with pagan worship, particularly of the goddess Astarte. The reference to Sidon highlights the radical nature of God's grace, extending beyond the boundaries of Israel to a place known for its idolatry. This foreshadows the inclusive nature of the Gospel, which breaks down barriers and reaches all people, regardless of their cultural or religious background.

And there were many lepers in Israel
The mention of "lepers" here refers to individuals suffering from leprosy, a chronic infectious disease that was prevalent in ancient times. The Greek word for lepers, "λεπροί" (leproi), indicates those afflicted with a condition that rendered them ceremonially unclean according to Jewish law. Leprosy was not only a physical ailment but also a social and spiritual stigma, often leading to isolation from the community. This phrase sets the stage for understanding the widespread need for healing and the miraculous nature of divine intervention.

in the time of Elisha the prophet
Elisha, whose name in Hebrew means "God is salvation," was a prominent prophet in Israel, succeeding Elijah. His ministry is recorded in the books of Kings, where he performed numerous miracles. The historical context of Elisha's time was one of spiritual decline and idolatry in Israel, yet God continued to work through His prophets. Elisha's role as a prophet underscores the theme of God's ongoing communication and intervention in the lives of His people, even amidst widespread unbelief.

Yet not one of them was cleansed
The phrase "not one of them was cleansed" highlights the exclusivity of the miracle that follows. The Greek word for cleansed, "ἐκαθαρίσθη" (ekatharisthē), implies a purification or making clean, both physically and spiritually. This statement emphasizes the sovereignty of God in choosing whom to heal, pointing to the fact that divine healing is not based on human merit but on God's grace and purpose.

only Naaman the Syrian
Naaman, a Syrian, was a commander of the army of the king of Aram, as detailed in 2 Kings 5. His healing by Elisha is significant because it demonstrates God's willingness to extend grace beyond the boundaries of Israel, to a Gentile. The mention of "the Syrian" underscores the theme of God's universal love and the breaking of ethnic and religious barriers. Naaman's account is a powerful testament to faith and obedience, as he followed Elisha's instructions to wash in the Jordan River, leading to his miraculous healing. This account foreshadows the New Testament message of salvation being available to all nations through Christ.

On hearing this
This phrase refers to the reaction of the people in the synagogue to Jesus' words. In the preceding verses, Jesus had been reading from the scroll of Isaiah and proclaiming the fulfillment of the prophecy in their hearing. The Greek word for "hearing" is "ἀκούω" (akouo), which implies not just the act of hearing but also understanding and processing the message. The people were not just passively listening; they were actively engaging with Jesus' radical declaration that He was the Messiah, which challenged their expectations and beliefs.

all the people in the synagogue
The synagogue was the center of Jewish religious life, a place of teaching, prayer, and community gathering. The phrase "all the people" indicates a collective response, suggesting that Jesus' message was so provocative that it stirred a unanimous reaction. Historically, synagogues were places where the Jewish community would gather to hear the Torah and discuss its implications. The fact that the entire assembly was moved to anger highlights the deep-seated resistance to Jesus' message, which threatened the established religious and social order.

were filled with rage
The Greek word for "rage" is "θυμός" (thumos), which conveys a sense of intense, passionate anger. This is not a mild irritation but a vehement, explosive reaction. The people’s rage was fueled by Jesus' implication that God's favor extended beyond Israel to the Gentiles, as He referenced the widow of Zarephath and Naaman the Syrian. This was a radical and offensive notion to His Jewish audience, who prided themselves on being God's chosen people. The historical context of Jewish-Gentile relations was fraught with tension, and Jesus' message challenged the exclusivity of their religious identity. This rage can be seen as a reflection of the broader human resistance to divine truth that challenges personal and cultural preconceptions.

They got up
This phrase indicates a sudden and collective action by the people present. The Greek word used here is "anistēmi," which means to rise or stand up. This action signifies a shift from passive listening to active response, highlighting the intensity of the crowd's reaction to Jesus' words. Historically, this reflects the cultural and religious fervor of the time, where blasphemy or perceived disrespect towards sacred traditions could provoke immediate and strong reactions.

drove Him out
The phrase "drove Him out" comes from the Greek "ekballō," meaning to cast out or expel. This term is often used in the New Testament to describe the expulsion of demons, indicating a forceful and determined action. The crowd's decision to expel Jesus from their midst underscores their rejection of His message and authority. This reflects the tension between Jesus' revolutionary teachings and the established religious norms of the day.

of the town
This phrase situates the event within a specific geographical and social context. The town referred to is Nazareth, Jesus' hometown. The rejection by His own community is significant, as it fulfills the prophetic theme of a prophet not being accepted in his own country. This highlights the broader theme of Jesus' ministry, where familiarity breeds contempt, and those closest to Him often fail to recognize His divine mission.

and led Him
The phrase "and led Him" suggests a deliberate and guided movement. The Greek word "agō" implies leading or bringing someone to a specific place. This action by the crowd shows their intent to control the situation and ensure that Jesus is removed from their presence. It reflects the human tendency to resist change and challenge, especially when it comes from within one's own community.

to the brow of the hill
This phrase describes the specific location to which Jesus was taken. The "brow of the hill" refers to a cliff or precipice, indicating a place of danger and potential harm. Geographically, Nazareth is situated on a rocky hillside, making this a plausible and dramatic setting for the event. This location choice underscores the severity of the crowd's intentions and the peril Jesus faced.

on which their town was built
This phrase provides a geographical and architectural context, emphasizing the precarious position of the town itself. The imagery of a town built on a hill evokes biblical themes of visibility and exposure, as seen in Jesus' teachings about a city on a hill. It also symbolizes the spiritual state of the people, who, despite their elevated position, fail to see the truth of Jesus' message.

in order to throw Him down
The phrase "in order to throw Him down" reveals the crowd's violent intent. The Greek word "katakremnizō" means to cast down or throw over a cliff. This action represents the ultimate rejection and an attempt to silence Jesus permanently. It reflects the spiritual blindness and hostility that Jesus often encountered, foreshadowing the eventual crucifixion.

the cliff
The final phrase "the cliff" serves as a stark reminder of the physical danger Jesus faced. The cliff represents the edge of life and death, a place of finality. In a broader spiritual sense, it symbolizes the precipice of decision that each person faces when confronted with the truth of Jesus' identity and mission. The crowd's choice to reject and attempt to destroy Jesus serves as a cautionary tale of the consequences of unbelief.

But Jesus
This phrase highlights the central figure of the Gospel, Jesus Christ, whose actions and teachings are the focus of the New Testament. The name "Jesus" is derived from the Hebrew name "Yeshua," meaning "Yahweh is salvation." This emphasizes His divine mission to bring salvation to humanity. In the context of Luke 4, Jesus has just declared His messianic mission in the synagogue, and His identity as the Messiah is being revealed through His actions and words.

passed through the crowd
The Greek word for "passed through" is "dielthon," which implies moving through or going across. This phrase suggests a miraculous or divinely empowered action, as the crowd intended to harm Him, yet He moved through them unharmed. This demonstrates Jesus' divine authority and control over the situation, reinforcing His identity as the Son of God. Historically, this event occurs in Nazareth, where Jesus faced rejection from those who knew Him from His youth, highlighting the theme of a prophet not being accepted in His hometown.

and went on His way
The phrase "went on His way" indicates Jesus' purposeful continuation of His mission. The Greek word "eporeueto" suggests a journey or travel, emphasizing that Jesus was not deterred by opposition or danger. This reflects His unwavering commitment to His divine mission, as prophesied in the Old Testament. Scripturally, this moment foreshadows the many challenges and rejections Jesus would face throughout His ministry, yet He remains steadfast, fulfilling the will of the Father.

He went down
The phrase "He went down" indicates a geographical movement from Nazareth to Capernaum. In the context of ancient Israel, "going down" often referred to traveling from a higher elevation to a lower one. Nazareth is situated in the hill country, while Capernaum is located by the Sea of Galilee, which is at a lower elevation. This movement is not just physical but also symbolic of Jesus' mission to reach the people where they are, descending from the heights of divine revelation to the everyday lives of the people.

to Capernaum
Capernaum was a significant town in Jesus' ministry, often referred to as His "own city" (Matthew 9:1). It was a bustling fishing village and a center of commerce and trade, located on the northwestern shore of the Sea of Galilee. Archaeological excavations have uncovered a synagogue and other structures from the time of Jesus, providing a vivid backdrop for His teachings and miracles. Capernaum's strategic location made it an ideal base for Jesus' Galilean ministry, allowing His message to spread quickly throughout the region.

a town in Galilee
Galilee was a fertile, populous region in northern Israel, known for its diverse population and cultural influences. It was a place where Jewish and Gentile cultures intersected, making it a fitting setting for Jesus' message of salvation for all people. The mention of Galilee highlights the fulfillment of Isaiah's prophecy that a great light would shine in this region (Isaiah 9:1-2), emphasizing Jesus as the light of the world.

and on the Sabbath
The Sabbath, observed from Friday evening to Saturday evening, was a day of rest and worship for the Jewish people, as commanded in the Torah (Exodus 20:8-11). Jesus' choice to teach on the Sabbath underscores His respect for Jewish customs and His role as a rabbi. It also foreshadows the tension between Jesus and the religious leaders, as He often challenged their interpretations of the law, emphasizing the spirit rather than the letter of the law.

He began to teach
Teaching was central to Jesus' ministry. The Greek word for "teach" is "didasko," which implies not just imparting knowledge but also guiding and nurturing spiritual growth. Jesus' teaching was authoritative and transformative, often leaving His listeners amazed and challenged. His teachings were rooted in the Hebrew Scriptures, yet they brought new insights and understanding, revealing the heart of God and the coming of His kingdom.

the people
The term "the people" refers to the ordinary men and women who gathered to hear Jesus. Unlike the religious elite, these were often the marginalized and the common folk, those who were hungry for truth and hope. Jesus' ministry was inclusive, reaching out to all who would listen, regardless of their social or religious status. This highlights the universal nature of His message and His compassion for all humanity.

They were astonished
The Greek word used here is "ἐξεπλήσσοντο" (exeplēssonto), which conveys a sense of being struck with amazement or overwhelmed. This reaction is significant because it highlights the profound impact Jesus' words had on His audience. In the historical context, Jewish teachers often relied on quoting other rabbis or traditions to establish credibility. Jesus, however, spoke with a directness and clarity that was both new and compelling, leaving His listeners in awe.

at His teaching
The term "teaching" comes from the Greek "διδαχή" (didachē), which refers to doctrine or instruction. Jesus' teaching was not merely informative but transformative, challenging the established norms and inviting listeners into a deeper understanding of God's kingdom. His teaching was rooted in the Hebrew Scriptures but brought a fresh perspective that fulfilled and expanded upon the Law and the Prophets.

because His message
The word "message" is translated from the Greek "λόγος" (logos), which can mean word, speech, or reason. In the context of the New Testament, "logos" often refers to the divine word or revelation. Jesus' message was not just a collection of wise sayings but the living Word of God, embodying truth and life. This aligns with the prologue of John's Gospel, where Jesus is identified as the "Logos" made flesh.

had authority
The Greek word for "authority" is "ἐξουσία" (exousia), which implies power, jurisdiction, or the right to act. Unlike the scribes and Pharisees, who derived their authority from tradition and interpretation, Jesus' authority was inherent and divine. This authority was evident not only in His teaching but also in His miracles and His command over spiritual forces. Historically, this was a radical departure from the norm, as it signified that Jesus was not just another teacher but one who spoke with the very authority of God Himself.

In the synagogue
This phrase sets the scene for the event, indicating that it takes place in a Jewish place of worship. The synagogue was central to Jewish religious life, serving as a place for teaching, prayer, and community gathering. Historically, synagogues were established during the Babylonian exile when the Jewish people were separated from the Temple in Jerusalem. This setting underscores the importance of Jesus' ministry to the Jewish people and His role as a teacher and prophet within their religious framework.

There was a man
This phrase introduces the individual who will be the focus of the miraculous event. The presence of a man in need within the synagogue highlights the accessibility of Jesus' ministry to all people, regardless of their condition or status. It also reflects the reality of human suffering and the need for divine intervention, which Jesus came to provide.

Possessed by the spirit of an unclean demon
The phrase describes the man's condition, indicating that he is under the influence of a demonic spirit. In the Greek, the word "unclean" (ἀκάθαρτος, akathartos) denotes something impure or defiled, often used in a ceremonial or moral sense. The presence of an unclean spirit in a synagogue, a place of holiness, emphasizes the pervasive nature of evil and the need for spiritual cleansing. This encounter demonstrates Jesus' authority over demonic forces, affirming His divine power and mission to bring liberation and purity.

He cried out in a loud voice
This phrase captures the dramatic and public nature of the demonic manifestation. The loud voice signifies the demon's recognition of Jesus' authority and its fear of being expelled. In the cultural and historical context, such a public outcry would have drawn significant attention, highlighting the power struggle between good and evil. Jesus' response to this cry would further establish His authority and the coming of God's kingdom, where evil is confronted and defeated.

Ha!
This exclamation is a cry of alarm or recognition. In the Greek, it is "Ἔα" (Ea), which is an expression of surprise or fear. This word sets the tone for the encounter, indicating the demon's immediate recognition of Jesus' authority and power. It reflects the spiritual realm's awareness of Jesus' divine nature and mission, which is a recurring theme in the Gospels.

What do You want with us
This phrase, in Greek "Τί ἡμῖν καὶ σοί" (Ti hēmin kai soi), is a common Semitic idiom found in both the Old and New Testaments. It implies a recognition of a boundary or a challenge to authority. The demon acknowledges a separation between its own realm and Jesus, highlighting the spiritual conflict between good and evil. This question underscores the demon's awareness of Jesus' purpose to destroy the works of the devil.

Jesus of Nazareth?
The use of "Jesus of Nazareth" identifies Jesus in His humanity and His earthly origins. Nazareth was a small, seemingly insignificant town, yet it fulfills the prophecy that the Messiah would be called a Nazarene (Matthew 2:23). This title emphasizes the humility of Jesus' incarnation and His connection to the people He came to save. It also serves as a reminder of the fulfillment of God's promises through seemingly ordinary means.

Have You come to destroy us?
The Greek word for "destroy" is "ἀπολέσαι" (apolesai), which means to ruin or bring to an end. The demon's question reveals its fear of Jesus' authority and the ultimate fate awaiting the forces of evil. This anticipates the eschatological victory of Christ over Satan and his minions, as foretold in Revelation. The demon's fear is a testament to the power and authority of Jesus, even over the spiritual realm.

I know who You are—
The demon's declaration, "Οἶδά σε τίς εἶ" (Oida se tis ei), shows an awareness of Jesus' true identity. This knowledge is not based on faith or love but on fear and recognition of divine authority. The spiritual realm is fully aware of Jesus' divine nature, even when humanity struggles to comprehend it. This acknowledgment serves as a reminder of the spiritual battle and the ultimate authority of Christ.

the Holy One of God!
The title "Holy One of God" (Ὁ Ἅγιος τοῦ Θεοῦ, Ho Hagios tou Theou) is a profound acknowledgment of Jesus' divine nature and His unique relationship with the Father. In the Old Testament, holiness is a defining attribute of God, and this title affirms Jesus' divinity and His role as the anointed Messiah. It highlights the purity, righteousness, and authority of Jesus, who stands in stark contrast to the unclean spirit. This recognition by the demon underscores the truth that even the forces of darkness must bow to the holiness and authority of Christ.

Be silent!
In this phrase, Jesus commands the unclean spirit to be silent. The Greek word used here is "φιμώθητι" (phimōthēti), which means to be muzzled or to be silent. This command demonstrates Jesus' authority over the spiritual realm. In the historical context of the first century, exorcisms were not uncommon, but the authority and ease with which Jesus commands the spirit is unparalleled. This highlights His divine power and the fulfillment of messianic prophecies, as He exercises dominion over evil.

Jesus rebuked him
The act of rebuking, from the Greek "ἐπετίμησεν" (epetimēsen), implies a strong, authoritative reprimand. This is not a mere suggestion but a command that carries weight and power. In the scriptural context, rebuking is often associated with divine authority, as seen in the Old Testament when God rebukes the sea or nations. Jesus' rebuke here signifies His divine authority and His role as the Son of God, who has come to destroy the works of the devil.

Come out of him!
This command, "ἔξελθε" (exelthe), is a direct order for the demon to leave the possessed man. The use of the imperative form underscores the immediacy and authority of Jesus' words. In the broader biblical narrative, this act of casting out demons is a sign of the in-breaking Kingdom of God, where Jesus is reclaiming territory from the forces of darkness. It is a foretaste of the ultimate victory over evil that will be accomplished through His death and resurrection.

Then the demon threw the man down before them all
The phrase describes the demon's reaction to Jesus' command. The Greek word "ῥίψαν" (rhipsas) means to throw or cast down. This violent action indicates the demon's resistance and the spiritual struggle taking place. However, it also highlights the power of Jesus' command, as the demon must ultimately obey. Historically, this public display would have been a powerful testament to Jesus' authority and would have left a profound impact on the witnesses.

and came out without harming him
This outcome, where the demon leaves without causing harm, is significant. The Greek "μηδὲν βλάψαν" (mēden blapsan) means not harming or injuring. In the context of exorcisms, it was not uncommon for individuals to be harmed during the process. However, Jesus' authority ensures the man's safety, demonstrating His compassion and the restorative nature of His ministry. This aligns with the scriptural theme of Jesus as the Good Shepherd, who cares for and protects His flock.

All the people
This phrase indicates the collective response of the crowd witnessing the event. In the Greek, "πάντες" (pantes) emphasizes the inclusivity of the reaction, suggesting that the miracle performed by Jesus was undeniable and universally acknowledged by those present. Historically, this reflects the communal nature of Jewish society, where public events were often shared experiences, and the collective witness added credibility to the occurrence.

were amazed
The Greek word "ἐθαμβήθησαν" (ethambēthēsan) conveys a sense of being struck with astonishment or awe. This reaction is not merely surprise but a profound recognition of something extraordinary. In the context of first-century Judea, where miraculous events were often seen as direct interventions by God, this amazement underscores the divine authority with which Jesus operated.

and asked one another
This phrase highlights the communal discourse that followed the miracle. The Greek "συνελάλουν" (synelaloun) suggests a dialogue or discussion among the people. This reflects the Jewish tradition of communal interpretation and discussion of significant events, often seeking to understand them in light of the Torah and prophetic writings.

What is this message?
The term "λόγος" (logos) in Greek, translated as "message," is rich with meaning, often referring to a word, speech, or reason. In the context of the Gospel, it signifies the authoritative teaching and proclamation of Jesus. The crowd's question indicates their recognition of the unique and powerful nature of Jesus' words, which were unlike those of the scribes and Pharisees.

With authority and power
The Greek words "ἐξουσία" (exousia) and "δύναμις" (dynamis) are crucial here. "Exousia" refers to the rightful, legitimate power, often associated with divine authority, while "dynamis" denotes inherent strength or ability. Together, they emphasize that Jesus' words and actions were not only authoritative but also effective, producing tangible results, such as the casting out of demons.

He commands
The verb "ἐπιτάσσει" (epitassei) implies a direct and authoritative order. In the context of Jesus' ministry, this command is not a request or suggestion but a sovereign decree. This reflects the biblical understanding of God's word as creative and powerful, as seen in Genesis where God speaks creation into existence.

the unclean spirits
The term "ἀκάθαρτα πνεύματα" (akatharta pneumata) refers to demonic entities considered impure and opposed to God's holiness. In Jewish thought, these spirits were often associated with chaos and evil. Jesus' ability to command them highlights His authority over spiritual realms, affirming His divine nature and mission to restore order and holiness.

and they come out!
The phrase "ἐξέρχονται" (exerchontai) indicates the immediate and obedient response of the unclean spirits to Jesus' command. This demonstrates the effectiveness of His authority and power. In the broader scriptural context, it signifies the inbreaking of God's kingdom, where evil is expelled, and God's reign is established. This act of deliverance is a foretaste of the ultimate victory over evil that Jesus would accomplish through His death and resurrection.

And the news about Him spread throughout the surrounding region
And the news
The Greek word for "news" here is "ēchos," which can also mean "sound" or "report." This term suggests not just a casual mention but a significant, resonant proclamation. In the context of the ancient world, where oral communication was primary, such news would travel quickly and with great impact. The "news" refers to the miraculous works and authoritative teachings of Jesus, which were unlike anything the people had experienced before.

about Him
The focus of the news is Jesus Christ Himself. This phrase emphasizes that the central figure of the Gospel is Jesus, whose actions and words are the source of the transformative message. In a conservative Christian perspective, this underscores the belief in the divinity and centrality of Christ in the Christian faith. The news about Him is not just about His miracles but also about His identity as the Messiah, the Son of God.

spread
The Greek word "diērchomai" is used here, meaning to go through or to spread throughout. This indicates a thorough and widespread dissemination of information. The use of this word suggests that the news of Jesus' works and teachings was not confined to a small area but was rapidly reaching a broader audience. This spreading of news is akin to the spread of the Gospel message, which is a core mission of the Christian church.

throughout the surrounding region
This phrase indicates the geographical spread of the news. The "surrounding region" refers to the areas around Capernaum, where Jesus was ministering at the time. Historically, this would include towns and villages in Galilee, a region known for its diverse population and trade routes, which facilitated the rapid spread of information. Theologically, this foreshadows the Great Commission, where the message of Christ is to be spread to all nations. It highlights the universal scope of Jesus' mission and the inclusivity of the Gospel.

Jesus left the synagogue
This phrase marks a transition in the narrative, indicating that Jesus is moving from a public place of worship to a more private setting. The synagogue was central to Jewish religious life, serving as a place for teaching, prayer, and community gathering. The Greek word for synagogue, "συναγωγή" (synagōgē), means "assembly" or "gathering." This setting underscores Jesus' role as a teacher and His authority in interpreting the Scriptures, as He often taught in synagogues. Historically, synagogues were established during the Babylonian exile when the Jewish people were separated from the Temple, highlighting the adaptability and resilience of Jewish worship practices.

and went to the home of Simon
This phrase introduces Simon Peter, one of Jesus' closest disciples, and indicates a shift from public ministry to personal interaction. The Greek word for "home" is "οἶκος" (oikos), which can mean house or household, suggesting not just a physical structure but also the family and community within. Simon's home becomes a place of intimate fellowship and miraculous healing, reflecting the early Christian emphasis on house churches as centers of worship and community. Archaeological findings in Capernaum suggest that Simon Peter's house was a significant site for early Christians, possibly serving as a meeting place for the first believers.

Simon's mother-in-law was sick with a high fever
This phrase highlights the personal and compassionate nature of Jesus' ministry. The mention of Simon's mother-in-law indicates that Simon was married, providing insight into the personal lives of the disciples. The Greek term for "high fever" is "πυρετῷ μεγάλῳ" (pyretō megalō), emphasizing the severity of her condition. In the ancient world, fevers were often life-threatening, and medical knowledge was limited. This context underscores the miraculous nature of Jesus' healing power and His concern for individual suffering, demonstrating His authority over physical ailments.

and they appealed to Jesus on her behalf
This phrase illustrates the faith and intercession of those around Simon's mother-in-law. The Greek word for "appealed" is "ἠρώτησαν" (ērōtēsan), which can also mean "asked" or "begged," indicating a sense of urgency and desperation. This act of intercession reflects the communal nature of faith in the early Christian community, where believers supported one another in prayer and sought Jesus' intervention in times of need. It also highlights the importance of bringing our concerns to Jesus, trusting in His compassion and power to heal and restore.

And standing over her
This phrase indicates Jesus' physical presence and authority. The Greek word for "standing" is "epistás," which implies a position of oversight and readiness to act. In the cultural context of the time, standing over someone could signify a protective or authoritative stance. Jesus' presence here is not passive; it is active and intentional, demonstrating His readiness to intervene in the situation.

He rebuked the fever
The word "rebuked" comes from the Greek "epitimaó," which means to admonish or charge sharply. This is the same word used when Jesus rebukes the storm in Luke 8:24, showing His authority over nature and illness alike. The fever is personified, suggesting that Jesus is addressing it as a force that must submit to His command. This highlights His divine authority over all creation, including sickness.

and it left her
The immediate departure of the fever signifies the power and effectiveness of Jesus' command. The Greek word "aphíēmi" is used here, meaning to send away or let go. This illustrates the complete and instantaneous healing that Jesus provides. In a broader theological context, it reflects the liberation that Jesus brings from all forms of bondage, whether physical, spiritual, or emotional.

And she got up at once
The phrase "at once" underscores the immediacy of the healing. The Greek word "parachrēma" is used, which means instantly or immediately. This immediate response is a testament to the completeness of Jesus' healing power. It also reflects the transformative impact of an encounter with Christ, where change is not only possible but immediate.

and began to serve them
The act of serving is significant, as it demonstrates gratitude and restoration to her community role. The Greek word "diakoneó" is used, which means to minister or serve. This service is not just a return to normalcy but an expression of worship and thankfulness. In the broader scriptural context, it reflects the call for all believers to serve others as a response to the grace and healing they have received from Christ.

At sunset
The phrase "at sunset" indicates the time of day when the events occurred. In Jewish culture, the day begins at sunset, marking the end of the Sabbath. This timing is significant because it shows the eagerness of the people to seek Jesus' healing power as soon as the Sabbath restrictions were lifted. The setting sun symbolizes the end of rest and the beginning of a new opportunity for divine intervention. It reflects the hope and anticipation of the people who waited patiently to bring their needs to Jesus.

all who were ill
The phrase "all who were ill" emphasizes the inclusivity of Jesus' ministry. The Greek word used here, "astheneia," refers to weakness or sickness, indicating a broad range of physical ailments. This highlights Jesus' compassion and willingness to heal everyone, regardless of the severity or type of illness. It underscores the universal nature of His healing power and His desire to restore wholeness to all who come to Him in faith.

with various diseases
"Various diseases" points to the diversity of ailments that afflicted the people. The Greek word "poikilos" means manifold or diverse, suggesting that Jesus' healing was not limited to specific conditions but extended to all forms of physical suffering. This demonstrates His authority over all creation and His ability to address the full spectrum of human afflictions. It also reflects the brokenness of the world and the comprehensive nature of Jesus' redemptive work.

were brought to Jesus
The act of being "brought to Jesus" signifies the faith and initiative of those who sought His help. It implies a community effort, where friends and family members carried their loved ones to the source of healing. This action reflects the belief in Jesus' power and the hope that He could provide what no one else could. It serves as a model for believers to bring their burdens and the needs of others to Christ, trusting in His ability to heal and restore.

laying His hands on each one
The phrase "laying His hands on each one" highlights the personal and intimate nature of Jesus' healing ministry. The act of laying hands was a common practice in Jewish culture, symbolizing the transfer of blessing, authority, or healing. By touching each person, Jesus demonstrated His compassion and willingness to engage with their suffering. It signifies His personal attention to every individual, affirming their worth and His desire to bring them healing and peace.

He healed them
"He healed them" is a powerful declaration of Jesus' authority and compassion. The Greek word "therapeuo" means to serve or to cure, indicating both the physical and spiritual restoration that Jesus provided. This phrase encapsulates the miraculous nature of His ministry and His fulfillment of the Messianic prophecies. It serves as a testament to His divine power and His role as the Great Physician, who came to heal the brokenhearted and set the captives free.

Demons also came out of many people
The phrase highlights the spiritual authority of Jesus over demonic forces. In the Greek, "demons" is "daimonia," which refers to evil spirits or fallen angels. The historical context of the time shows that demonic possession was a recognized affliction, and Jesus' ability to cast them out demonstrated His divine power and authority. This act of exorcism was a sign of the in-breaking of God's kingdom, where Jesus, the Messiah, was reclaiming dominion over creation.

shouting, 'You are the Son of God.'
The demons' proclamation, "You are the Son of God," is significant because it acknowledges Jesus' divine identity. The Greek word for "shouting" is "kraugazō," indicating a loud, public declaration. This recognition by the demons contrasts with the human misunderstanding of Jesus' identity at the time. The title "Son of God" affirms Jesus' unique relationship with the Father, a central tenet of Christian faith, emphasizing His divinity and messianic role.

But He rebuked them
The word "rebuked" in Greek is "epitimaō," which means to censure or admonish. Jesus' rebuke of the demons demonstrates His authority over them and His control over the spiritual realm. This action also reflects His desire to prevent the demons from revealing His identity prematurely, as His mission was to be revealed according to God's timing and plan.

and would not allow them to speak
Jesus' refusal to let the demons speak underscores His authority and the importance of His mission. The Greek phrase "would not allow" is "ouk eia," indicating a strong prohibition. By silencing the demons, Jesus ensures that His identity and mission are revealed through His words and actions, not through the testimony of evil spirits. This also highlights the theme of divine timing and the unfolding of God's redemptive plan.

because they knew He was the Christ
The demons' knowledge that Jesus was "the Christ" is profound. "Christ" is the Greek "Christos," meaning "Anointed One," equivalent to the Hebrew "Messiah." This acknowledgment by the demons points to the spiritual reality of Jesus' identity and mission. It also serves as a reminder of the spiritual warfare present in the world and the ultimate victory of Christ over evil. Jesus' control over the revelation of His identity emphasizes His sovereignty and the unfolding of God's salvation plan through Him.

At daybreak
The phrase "at daybreak" signifies the early morning, a time often associated with new beginnings and renewal. In the context of Jesus' ministry, it highlights His dedication and discipline. The Greek word for "daybreak" is "ἡμέρα" (hēmera), which can also mean "day" or "daylight." This suggests a time of clarity and revelation, symbolizing the light of Christ entering the world. Historically, this was a time when people began their daily activities, emphasizing Jesus' commitment to His mission from the very start of the day.

Jesus went out
The action of "went out" indicates a deliberate movement by Jesus. The Greek verb "ἐξέρχομαι" (exerchomai) means to go out or depart. This movement signifies Jesus' intentional withdrawal from the crowds to seek solitude and communion with the Father. It reflects His need for spiritual renewal and guidance, setting an example for believers to seek God in quietness and solitude.

to a solitary place
The "solitary place" refers to a location away from the hustle and bustle of daily life. The Greek word "ἔρημος" (erēmos) can mean desert, wilderness, or a lonely place. This setting is significant in Scripture as a place of testing, reflection, and divine encounter. It echoes the wilderness experiences of biblical figures like Moses and Elijah, where they encountered God and received strength for their missions.

The crowds were looking for Him
The phrase "the crowds were looking for Him" illustrates the people's eagerness and desperation to be near Jesus. The Greek word "ζητέω" (zēteō) means to seek or search for, indicating an earnest desire to find Him. This reflects the deep spiritual hunger and need for healing and teaching that Jesus fulfilled. Historically, this search underscores the impact of Jesus' ministry and the hope He brought to the people.

and came to Him
The action "came to Him" shows the determination of the crowds to be in Jesus' presence. The Greek word "ἔρχομαι" (erchomai) means to come or arrive, suggesting movement towards a goal. This movement towards Jesus symbolizes the drawing power of His love and truth, which continues to attract people to Him today.

and tried to keep Him from leaving
The phrase "tried to keep Him from leaving" reveals the crowd's reluctance to let Jesus go. The Greek word "κατέχω" (katechō) means to hold back or restrain. This reflects their recognition of the value and authority of Jesus' presence and teaching. It also highlights the tension between Jesus' mission to reach many and the immediate needs of those around Him. This serves as a reminder of the importance of balancing personal spiritual growth with the call to share the Gospel with others.

But Jesus replied
This phrase introduces the response of Jesus, indicating a direct and intentional communication. The Greek word for "replied" is "ἀποκριθεὶς" (apokritheis), which implies a thoughtful and deliberate answer. In the context of Jesus' ministry, His replies are always filled with purpose and divine insight, reflecting His role as the ultimate teacher and prophet. This sets the stage for the profound truth He is about to reveal.

I must preach
The word "must" (Greek: δεῖ, dei) conveys a sense of divine necessity or obligation. It reflects Jesus' understanding of His mission as ordained by God. The term "preach" (Greek: εὐαγγελίζεσθαι, euangelizesthai) means to proclaim good news. This highlights the core of Jesus' mission—to bring the message of salvation and the Kingdom of God to the people. It underscores the urgency and importance of His work.

the good news of the kingdom of God
The "good news" (Greek: εὐαγγέλιον, euangelion) is the gospel, the message of hope and salvation through Jesus Christ. The "kingdom of God" refers to God's sovereign rule and reign, both in the present spiritual sense and the future physical manifestation. This phrase encapsulates the essence of Jesus' teaching and mission, emphasizing the transformative power of God's rule in the lives of individuals and the world.

to the other towns also
This phrase indicates the geographical and inclusive scope of Jesus' mission. The Greek word for "towns" (πόλεις, poleis) suggests not just cities but communities of people. Jesus' ministry was not confined to one place but was meant to reach diverse groups, reflecting the universal nature of the gospel. It underscores the idea that the message of the Kingdom is for all people, transcending cultural and social boundaries.

because that is why I was sent
The word "sent" (Greek: ἀπεστάλην, apestalēn) implies a mission or commission from God. Jesus acknowledges His divine purpose and the reason for His incarnation. This phrase reaffirms the divine authority and intentionality behind Jesus' earthly ministry. It serves as a reminder of the fulfillment of prophecy and God's redemptive plan through Christ, emphasizing that Jesus' actions were in perfect alignment with God's will.

And He continued to preach
The phrase "continued to preach" indicates a persistent and ongoing action. The Greek word used here is "κηρύσσω" (kērussō), which means to proclaim or herald. This word is often used in the context of announcing important news or a royal decree. In the historical context of Jesus' ministry, this highlights His role as the divine herald of God's kingdom, emphasizing the urgency and importance of His message. Jesus' preaching was not a one-time event but a continuous effort to reach as many people as possible with the good news of salvation.

in the synagogues
The "synagogues" were central places of worship and community gathering for the Jewish people. They served as venues for teaching, prayer, and reading of the Scriptures. By choosing to preach in synagogues, Jesus was engaging directly with the Jewish community in their familiar religious setting. This strategic choice underscores His mission to reach the "lost sheep of Israel" (Matthew 15:24) and to fulfill the prophecies concerning the Messiah. The synagogue setting also provided a platform for Jesus to interpret the Scriptures and reveal their fulfillment in Himself.

of Judea
The term "Judea" refers to the southern region of ancient Israel, which included Jerusalem, the religious and cultural heart of the Jewish people. This area was significant because it was the center of Jewish religious life and the location of the Temple. By preaching in Judea, Jesus was asserting His authority and message in a region that was both politically and religiously significant. Historically, Judea was a place of great expectation for the coming of the Messiah, and Jesus' presence there was a direct challenge to the established religious order, inviting the people to recognize Him as the fulfillment of their messianic hopes.