This is the word of the LORD
The phrase "This is the word of the LORD" signifies divine communication, emphasizing the authority and authenticity of the message. In Hebrew, "word" is "dabar," which implies not just a spoken word but an active, dynamic force. The "word of the LORD" is a recurring theme in the prophetic books, underscoring that the message is not of human origin but from God Himself. This divine word is meant to guide, correct, and sometimes warn the people of Israel. It is a reminder of God's sovereignty and His ongoing relationship with His people, where He communicates His will and intentions.

that came to Jeremiah
The phrase "that came to Jeremiah" indicates the personal nature of God's communication with His prophets. Jeremiah, known as the "weeping prophet," was chosen by God to deliver His messages to the people of Judah. The Hebrew root for "came" is "hayah," which can mean "to happen" or "to come to pass," suggesting that the word of the LORD is not static but an event that occurs, impacting the prophet and, through him, the people. Jeremiah's role as a prophet was to be a mouthpiece for God, often delivering difficult messages that called for repentance and change.

concerning the drought
The phrase "concerning the drought" sets the context for the message. Droughts were significant events in the ancient Near East, often seen as a sign of divine displeasure or judgment. In the Hebrew Bible, droughts are sometimes used as a metaphor for spiritual barrenness or a lack of faithfulness among God's people. The historical context suggests that this drought was a severe crisis for Judah, affecting agriculture, economy, and daily life. It serves as a backdrop for God's message through Jeremiah, highlighting the physical and spiritual desolation that results from turning away from God. The drought is both a literal and symbolic representation of the consequences of the nation's sins, calling them to repentance and a return to covenant faithfulness.

Judah mourns
The Hebrew word for "mourns" is "אבל" (aval), which conveys a deep sense of grief and lamentation. In the context of ancient Israel, mourning was often expressed through rituals such as wearing sackcloth, sitting in ashes, and loud lamentations. Judah, representing the southern kingdom, is depicted as being in a state of profound sorrow. This mourning is not just an emotional response but a reflection of the spiritual and physical desolation due to their disobedience to God. Historically, Judah faced numerous threats from surrounding nations, and this mourning could be seen as a response to the impending judgment and calamity.

her cities languish
The term "languish" comes from the Hebrew "אמלו" (amal), suggesting a state of weakness, decay, or withering. The cities of Judah, once vibrant and full of life, are now depicted as deteriorating. This imagery reflects the consequences of turning away from God, leading to societal and moral decay. Archaeological evidence from the period shows that many cities in Judah faced destruction and decline, aligning with the prophetic warnings given by Jeremiah.

they wail for the land
"Wail" in Hebrew is "קול" (kol), indicating a loud, mournful cry. This phrase suggests a communal lamentation for the land itself, which was central to the identity and covenant relationship of the Israelites with God. The land, promised to Abraham and his descendants, was a symbol of God's blessing and presence. The wailing signifies a recognition of the loss of divine favor and the impending desolation due to the people's unfaithfulness.

a cry goes up from Jerusalem
The "cry" here is "זעקה" (za'akah), a term often used in the Hebrew Bible to denote a desperate plea for help or deliverance. Jerusalem, the spiritual and political heart of Judah, is portrayed as sending up a cry, indicating the severity of the situation. This cry is both a literal and metaphorical expression of the city's distress. Historically, Jerusalem faced numerous sieges and hardships, and this cry can be seen as a call for divine intervention amidst the impending judgment. Theologically, it serves as a reminder of the need for repentance and turning back to God in times of crisis.

The nobles
The term "nobles" refers to the leaders or aristocracy of Judah, those who held positions of power and influence. In the Hebrew context, these individuals were expected to provide for the people and ensure the well-being of the nation. Their inability to secure water highlights a failure in leadership and a divine judgment upon the land. Historically, the nobles were often seen as responsible for the spiritual and moral direction of the nation, and their actions had significant consequences for the people.

send their servants for water
This phrase indicates a sense of desperation and urgency. The act of sending servants suggests that the situation is dire enough to involve those who serve the household, reflecting the severity of the drought. In ancient times, water was a precious resource, and the need to send servants underscores the scarcity and the critical nature of the situation.

they go to the cisterns
Cisterns were essential structures in ancient Judah, used to collect and store rainwater. The reliance on cisterns indicates a lack of natural water sources, such as rivers or springs, which were more reliable. The mention of cisterns points to the infrastructure that was in place to manage water resources, and the failure of these cisterns to provide water signifies a breakdown in both natural and human systems.

but find no water
This stark reality emphasizes the severity of the drought. The absence of water in the cisterns is a physical manifestation of God's judgment on the land. In the Hebrew Bible, water is often symbolic of life and blessing, and its absence is a sign of divine displeasure and a call to repentance.

their jars return empty
The image of empty jars returning from the cisterns is a powerful symbol of unfulfilled needs and expectations. In the ancient Near East, jars were commonly used to transport and store water, and their emptiness represents the futility of human efforts without divine favor. This phrase serves as a metaphor for spiritual emptiness and the consequences of turning away from God.

They are ashamed and humiliated
Shame and humiliation are emotional responses to failure and disgrace. In the context of ancient Israel, these feelings are often associated with a recognition of sin and the need for repentance. The nobles' shame reflects their acknowledgment of their inability to provide for their people and their failure to lead them in righteousness.

they cover their heads
Covering the head is a traditional expression of mourning and repentance in the Hebrew culture. This act signifies a deep sense of sorrow and a recognition of one's lowly state before God. It is a physical manifestation of an inward acknowledgment of guilt and a plea for mercy. In the broader biblical narrative, such acts of humility are often precursors to divine intervention and restoration.

The ground is cracked
The Hebrew word for "ground" here is "אֲדָמָה" (adamah), which refers to the earth or soil. This imagery of cracked ground is a powerful symbol of desolation and judgment. In the ancient Near East, agriculture was the backbone of society, and the condition of the land directly affected the people's survival. The cracking of the ground signifies a severe drought, a physical manifestation of God's displeasure with His people. This serves as a reminder of the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where obedience brought blessings, and disobedience led to curses, as outlined in Deuteronomy 28.

because no rain has fallen on the land
Rain, or "מָטָר" (matar) in Hebrew, was seen as a direct blessing from God, essential for life and prosperity. The absence of rain is not merely a natural disaster but a divine response to the nation's spiritual state. In the biblical context, rain is often associated with God's favor and provision (Leviticus 26:4). The lack of rain indicates a withdrawal of divine favor, urging the people to repentance and a return to God. This phrase underscores the dependence of humanity on God's mercy and the consequences of turning away from Him.

the farmers are ashamed
The term "farmers" refers to those who work the land, a respected and vital role in ancient society. The Hebrew word "אִכָּר" (ikkar) denotes a plowman or husbandman. Their shame, "בּוּשׁ" (bush), reflects a deep sense of disgrace and failure. In a culture where one's identity and honor were closely tied to their vocation and ability to provide, the inability to produce crops due to drought was a source of profound humiliation. This shame is not only personal but communal, as it affects the entire society dependent on their labor.

they cover their heads
Covering the head is a traditional expression of mourning and despair in the ancient Near East. This act, "חָפָה" (khafah), signifies a deep acknowledgment of distress and helplessness. It is a physical manifestation of the internal turmoil and recognition of the dire situation. In biblical times, covering the head was also associated with penitence and seeking God's mercy (2 Samuel 15:30). This gesture invites reflection on the need for humility and repentance in the face of divine judgment, encouraging believers to seek restoration through sincere contrition and prayer.

Even the doe in the field
The imagery of a "doe in the field" evokes a sense of innocence and vulnerability. In Hebrew, the word for doe is "אַיָּלָה" (ayalah), which often symbolizes beauty and gentleness in the Scriptures. The field represents the natural habitat where life is sustained. In this context, the doe's presence in the field highlights the severity of the drought and famine that has struck the land. Historically, Israel was an agrarian society, deeply connected to the land for sustenance. The doe's struggle reflects the broader struggle of the people, emphasizing the dire consequences of turning away from God.

deserts her newborn fawn
The act of a doe deserting her "newborn fawn" is a powerful image of desperation and unnatural behavior. The Hebrew word for desert is "עָזַב" (azav), which means to forsake or leave behind. This action is contrary to the natural instinct of a mother to protect and nurture her young. It underscores the extremity of the situation, where even the most basic instincts are overridden by the harshness of the environment. Spiritually, this can be seen as a metaphor for Israel's abandonment of their covenant with God, leading to a breakdown in the natural order and divine protection.

because there is no grass
The phrase "because there is no grass" points to the root cause of the crisis: a severe lack of provision. In Hebrew, "חָצִיר" (chatzir) refers to grass or herbage, essential for the sustenance of livestock and wildlife. The absence of grass signifies a drought, a common consequence of divine judgment in the Old Testament. This lack of provision is not merely a physical reality but also a spiritual one, symbolizing the spiritual barrenness of the people who have turned away from God. In a broader biblical context, grass is often used to symbolize the fleeting nature of life (Isaiah 40:6-8), reminding the reader of the need for reliance on God's eternal provision rather than temporal resources.

Wild donkeys
The Hebrew word for "wild donkeys" is "פֶּרֶא" (pere'), which refers to a species known for its untamed and independent nature. In the ancient Near East, wild donkeys were symbols of freedom and resilience, often surviving in harsh environments. This imagery highlights the desperation and struggle of the people of Judah, who, like these animals, are enduring severe conditions. The wild donkey's plight serves as a metaphor for the spiritual and physical desolation faced by the nation due to their disobedience to God.

stand on the barren heights
The phrase "stand on the barren heights" evokes a picture of desolation and emptiness. The "barren heights" refer to elevated areas that are devoid of vegetation, often used in the Bible to symbolize places of idolatry and false worship. In this context, it underscores the futility and hopelessness of seeking sustenance or relief in places that cannot provide it. Spiritually, it reflects the emptiness of turning away from God and relying on false idols or human strength.

they pant for air like jackals
The imagery of panting "for air like jackals" conveys a sense of desperation and exhaustion. Jackals, known for their scavenging nature, often inhabit desolate areas and are associated with desolation and ruin in biblical literature. The Hebrew word "שָׁאף" (sha'aph) for "pant" suggests an intense longing or craving. This phrase illustrates the dire need and unfulfilled desires of the people, who are spiritually and physically parched, seeking relief that only God can provide.

their eyes fail for lack of pasture
The phrase "their eyes fail for lack of pasture" paints a vivid picture of hopelessness and despair. In the agrarian society of ancient Israel, "pasture" was essential for the survival of livestock, symbolizing sustenance and provision. The Hebrew word "כָּלָה" (kalah) for "fail" implies a sense of completion or coming to an end. This imagery suggests that the people are at the end of their resources, unable to find the nourishment they need. Spiritually, it reflects the consequences of turning away from God, the true source of life and sustenance.

Although our iniquities testify against us
The word "iniquities" in Hebrew is "עֲוֹנוֹתֵינוּ" (avonotenu), which refers to moral perversity or sin. In the context of ancient Israel, iniquities were not just personal failings but communal transgressions that affected the entire nation. The phrase "testify against us" suggests a legal setting where sins are witnesses against the people, highlighting the seriousness of their moral failures. This acknowledgment of sin is crucial in a conservative Christian perspective, emphasizing the need for confession and repentance.

O LORD
The term "LORD" is translated from the Hebrew "יהוה" (YHWH), the sacred and personal name of God. This name signifies God's eternal presence and covenantal faithfulness. In invoking the LORD, the people of Israel appeal to God's character and His historical acts of deliverance. For conservative Christians, this underscores the importance of relying on God's unchanging nature and His promises.

act for the sake of Your name
The phrase "for the sake of Your name" is a plea for God to intervene based on His reputation and character rather than the merit of the people. In Hebrew culture, a name represented one's character and authority. This appeal is rooted in the understanding that God's actions are ultimately for His glory. Conservative theology often emphasizes that God's primary motivation is His glory, and believers are encouraged to align their prayers with this purpose.

Indeed, our rebellions are many
"Rebellions" in Hebrew is "מְשׁוּבוֹתֵינוּ" (meshuvotenu), indicating a turning away or backsliding. The acknowledgment that these rebellions are "many" reflects a deep awareness of the pervasive nature of sin. Historically, Israel's repeated turning away from God led to national calamities. This serves as a warning and a call to vigilance for Christians today, highlighting the need for continual repentance and faithfulness.

we have sinned against You
The Hebrew word for "sinned" is "חָטָאנוּ" (chatanu), meaning to miss the mark or fall short. This confession is direct and personal, recognizing that sin is ultimately against God. In the biblical narrative, sin disrupts the relationship between God and His people. For conservative Christians, this underscores the gravity of sin and the necessity of seeking God's forgiveness through Jesus Christ, who restores the broken relationship through His atoning sacrifice.

O Hope of Israel
The phrase "O Hope of Israel" is a profound acknowledgment of God as the ultimate source of hope and salvation for the nation of Israel. The Hebrew word for "hope" is "מִקְוֶה" (miqveh), which conveys a sense of expectation and trust. In the historical context, Israel often found itself in dire situations, and this title for God underscores the belief that He is the one who can deliver them from their troubles. This phrase serves as a reminder that God is not only the hope for Israel but for all believers who trust in His promises.

its Savior in times of distress
The term "Savior" in Hebrew is "מוֹשִׁיעַ" (moshia), which means one who delivers or rescues. This highlights God's role as a deliverer, especially during periods of crisis. Historically, Israel faced numerous adversities, including invasions and exiles, and this phrase reassures the people of God's ability to save them. The "times of distress" refer to moments of great trouble or calamity, emphasizing that God is a constant and reliable source of salvation during such times.

why are You like a stranger in the land
The imagery of God being "like a stranger" suggests a sense of distance or unfamiliarity. The Hebrew word for "stranger" is "גֵּר" (ger), which can mean a foreigner or sojourner. This reflects the people's perception that God seems distant or uninvolved in their current plight. Historically, this could be tied to periods when Israel felt abandoned due to their disobedience and the resulting consequences. It serves as a call for introspection and repentance, urging the people to seek God's presence actively.

like a traveler who stays but a night
The comparison to "a traveler who stays but a night" evokes the image of someone who is transient and not settled. The Hebrew word for "traveler" is "אֹרֵחַ" (oreach), indicating someone passing through. This metaphor suggests that God's presence feels temporary or fleeting, which contrasts with His covenant promise to be with His people. This phrase challenges the Israelites to reflect on their relationship with God and to seek a deeper, more permanent connection with Him, rather than treating Him as a temporary solution to their problems.

Why are You like a man taken by surprise
This phrase reflects a deep sense of confusion and desperation from the people of Judah. The Hebrew word for "surprise" (נדהם, nidhām) suggests a state of being stunned or bewildered. Historically, this period was marked by severe drought and impending invasion, leading the people to question God's apparent inaction. Theologically, this reflects a human tendency to perceive God through the lens of immediate circumstances, forgetting His eternal nature and sovereign plan.

like a warrior powerless to save
The imagery of a "warrior" (גבור, gibbor) is significant in the Hebrew context, often associated with strength and valor. The people of Judah are expressing their fear that God, who is typically seen as a mighty warrior, appears unable to deliver them. This reflects a crisis of faith, where God's omnipotence is questioned due to the dire situation. Historically, this period was fraught with military threats, making the metaphor of a warrior particularly poignant.

Yet You are among us, O LORD
This phrase is a profound declaration of faith amidst doubt. The Hebrew word for "among" (בקרבנו, b’qirbenu) indicates God's presence within the community. Despite their circumstances, the people acknowledge that God is still with them. This reflects the covenant relationship between God and Israel, where His presence is a constant assurance. Theologically, it underscores the belief in God's omnipresence and His commitment to His people.

and we are called by Your name
Being "called by Your name" signifies a deep, covenantal relationship. In Hebrew culture, a name represents identity and authority. The people of Judah are reminding God of their identity as His chosen people, invoking the promises made to their ancestors. This phrase is a plea for God to act in accordance with His covenant, emphasizing their reliance on His faithfulness and mercy.

Do not forsake us!
This urgent plea reflects the desperation and vulnerability of the people. The Hebrew root for "forsake" (עזב, azav) means to leave or abandon. Historically, the fear of being abandoned by God was profound, as His presence was synonymous with protection and blessing. This plea is both a cry for help and an expression of trust, believing that God, despite their unfaithfulness, will remain true to His promises. Theologically, it highlights the tension between divine justice and mercy, a recurring theme in the prophetic literature.

This is what the LORD says about this people
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. The Hebrew term for "LORD" is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, which underscores His eternal and unchanging nature. The phrase "this people" refers specifically to the Israelites, highlighting their unique relationship with God as His chosen people. Historically, this relationship was marked by a covenant that required obedience and faithfulness, which they repeatedly violated.

They greatly love to wander
The Hebrew root for "wander" is "nûa," which conveys a sense of restlessness and aimlessness. This phrase paints a picture of the Israelites' spiritual infidelity, as they continually strayed from God's commandments and pursued idolatry. The use of "greatly love" indicates a deep-seated inclination towards rebellion, suggesting that their wandering was not merely accidental but a deliberate choice. This reflects the human tendency to seek fulfillment outside of God's will, a theme prevalent throughout Scripture.

They do not restrain their feet
The imagery of "restraining feet" suggests self-control and discipline, which the Israelites lacked. In the ancient Near Eastern context, feet often symbolized one's path or way of life. The failure to restrain their feet implies a willful neglect of God's guidance and a preference for their own desires. This phrase serves as a metaphor for moral and spiritual laxity, highlighting the importance of self-discipline in maintaining a faithful walk with God.

So the LORD does not accept them
The Hebrew word for "accept" is "rāṣâ," meaning to be pleased with or to find favor in. This indicates a broken relationship between God and His people due to their persistent disobedience. In the sacrificial system of the Old Testament, acceptance by God was contingent upon the sincerity and obedience of the worshiper. Here, the lack of acceptance signifies divine disapproval and the withdrawal of God's favor, a serious consequence for a covenant people.

He will now remember their iniquity
The term "remember" in Hebrew is "zākar," which, in this context, implies bringing to mind for the purpose of action. While God is omniscient and does not forget, this phrase indicates a shift from patience to judgment. "Iniquity" refers to moral perversity and sin, highlighting the gravity of their offenses. Theologically, this serves as a warning that persistent sin will eventually lead to divine retribution, as God's justice demands accountability.

And punish their sins
The Hebrew word for "punish" is "pāqad," which can mean to visit or attend to, often with the implication of judgment. This phrase underscores the certainty of divine justice. In the biblical narrative, God's punishment is not merely punitive but also corrective, intended to bring about repentance and restoration. The mention of "sins" reiterates the specific transgressions that have provoked God's response, emphasizing the need for repentance and the seriousness of sin in the eyes of a holy God.

Then the LORD said to me
This phrase indicates a direct communication from God to the prophet Jeremiah. The Hebrew root for "LORD" is "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, emphasizing His covenant relationship with Israel. This divine communication underscores the authority and seriousness of the message. Historically, prophets like Jeremiah served as intermediaries between God and His people, conveying messages that were often difficult but necessary for spiritual correction.

Do not pray
The instruction "do not pray" is striking, as prayer is typically encouraged throughout Scripture. The Hebrew word for "pray" is "palal," which means to intercede or mediate. This command suggests a point of no return for the people due to their persistent disobedience. It highlights the gravity of their sin and the impending judgment. In a broader theological context, it serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God.

for the well-being
The term "well-being" is translated from the Hebrew word "shalom," which encompasses peace, prosperity, and completeness. God's instruction not to pray for their "shalom" indicates that the people's actions have disrupted their covenant relationship with Him, forfeiting the blessings of peace and prosperity. This reflects the biblical principle that true "shalom" is contingent upon obedience to God's commands.

of this people
"This people" refers specifically to the nation of Israel, God's chosen people, who were in a covenant relationship with Him. The use of "this" rather than "My" people suggests a distancing due to their unfaithfulness. Historically, Israel's repeated idolatry and injustice led to divine judgment. This phrase serves as a cautionary tale for all believers about the dangers of complacency and disobedience in their spiritual walk.

Although they fast
The act of fasting in the Hebrew context is a profound expression of humility and repentance before God. In the Hebrew Bible, fasting is often associated with mourning, repentance, and seeking divine intervention. The Hebrew root word for fasting, "צוּם" (tsum), implies a voluntary abstention from food and drink to demonstrate earnestness in prayer and supplication. Historically, fasting was a common practice among the Israelites during times of crisis or when seeking God's favor. However, in this verse, the emphasis is on the futility of their fasting due to the insincerity of their hearts and the persistence in sin.

I will not hear their cry
The phrase underscores the seriousness of God's response to the people's actions. The Hebrew word for "hear," "שָׁמַע" (shama), often implies not just hearing but also responding or acting upon what is heard. In this context, God is declaring that He will not respond to their cries for help. This is a sobering reminder of the consequences of persistent disobedience and the importance of genuine repentance. The historical context reveals that the people of Judah were engaging in religious rituals without true repentance, leading to God's refusal to intervene.

Although they offer burnt offerings and grain offerings
Burnt offerings and grain offerings were central to the sacrificial system in ancient Israel, as outlined in Leviticus. The Hebrew words "עוֹלָה" (olah) for burnt offering and "מִנְחָה" (minchah) for grain offering signify acts of worship and dedication to God. These offerings were meant to express devotion, thanksgiving, and atonement. However, the people's offerings had become mere rituals devoid of heartfelt worship. This highlights the biblical principle that God desires obedience and a contrite heart over ritualistic sacrifices (1 Samuel 15:22).

I will not accept them
The rejection of their offerings signifies God's disapproval of their insincere worship. The Hebrew word "רָצָה" (ratsah) means to be pleased with or to accept favorably. God's refusal to accept their offerings indicates that their external acts of worship were not aligned with their internal spiritual state. This serves as a powerful reminder that God values the condition of the heart over outward religious observance. The historical context of Jeremiah's ministry shows a nation steeped in idolatry and injustice, rendering their sacrifices unacceptable to God.

Instead, I will finish them off by sword and famine and plague
This phrase conveys the severity of God's impending judgment. The Hebrew word for "finish off," "כָּלָה" (kalah), implies complete destruction or consumption. The triad of "sword, famine, and plague" represents the comprehensive nature of the judgment. Historically, these were common forms of divine judgment in the ancient Near East, often used by God to discipline His people. The mention of these calamities serves as a stark warning of the consequences of continued rebellion against God. It underscores the biblical truth that God's patience has limits, and persistent sin leads to inevitable judgment.

But I said, 'Ah, Lord GOD!'
This phrase begins with a heartfelt exclamation from the prophet Jeremiah. The Hebrew word for "Ah" is "אֲהָהּ" (ahhah), which conveys a deep sense of lament or distress. Jeremiah is expressing his anguish and confusion before God, a common theme throughout his prophetic ministry. The use of "Lord GOD" (אֲדֹנָי יְהוִה, Adonai Yahweh) emphasizes the sovereignty and covenantal relationship of God with His people. Jeremiah acknowledges God's supreme authority even as he questions the situation at hand.

The prophets keep telling them
Here, Jeremiah refers to the false prophets who were misleading the people of Judah. The Hebrew word for "prophets" is "נְבִיאִים" (nevi'im), which traditionally denotes those who speak on behalf of God. However, in this context, these prophets are not true messengers of God. Historically, false prophets were a significant problem in ancient Israel, often leading the people astray with messages that contradicted God's true word.

'You will not see the sword or suffer famine,'
The false prophets were proclaiming a message of peace and security, directly contradicting the warnings given by Jeremiah. The phrase "You will not see the sword or suffer famine" is a false assurance of safety and prosperity. In the historical context, Judah was facing the threat of Babylonian invasion, and famine was a real danger due to the impending siege. The false prophets' message was dangerously misleading, giving the people a false sense of security.

'but I will give you lasting peace in this place.'
The promise of "lasting peace" was a deceitful assurance that contradicted the reality of God's impending judgment. The Hebrew word for "peace" is "שָׁלוֹם" (shalom), which encompasses not just the absence of conflict but also completeness and well-being. The false prophets were offering a counterfeit shalom, one that was not rooted in obedience to God or His covenant. This false promise highlights the danger of listening to voices that do not align with God's truth.

The LORD said to me
This phrase establishes the divine authority and origin of the message. In Hebrew, "Yahweh" is the covenant name of God, emphasizing His eternal and unchanging nature. The phrase underscores the direct communication between God and Jeremiah, highlighting the prophet's role as a true messenger of God. This divine communication is foundational in understanding the authenticity and authority of Jeremiah's prophecies.

The prophets are prophesying lies
The Hebrew word for "lies" is "sheqer," which conveys falsehood and deception. This phrase indicates the serious nature of the false prophets' actions. In the historical context, these prophets were misleading the people of Judah, offering false hope and security. The use of "lies" emphasizes the moral and spiritual corruption that had infiltrated the religious leadership, contrasting sharply with the truth of God's word.

in My name
This phrase highlights the misuse of God's name, which is a grave sin according to the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:7). The false prophets claimed divine authority for their messages, which was a direct violation of God's command. This misuse of God's name not only misled the people but also profaned the holiness and reverence due to God.

I did not send them or appoint them or speak to them
Here, God explicitly denies any involvement with the false prophets. The repetition of "I did not" emphasizes God's disassociation from their actions. In the Hebrew text, the verbs "send," "appoint," and "speak" are crucial, as they denote the legitimate process by which God commissions His true prophets. This statement serves as a clear denunciation of the false prophets' legitimacy and authority.

They are prophesying to you a false vision
The term "false vision" refers to the deceptive and misleading nature of the messages being delivered. In Hebrew, "vision" (chazon) often denotes a divine revelation. However, these visions were not from God but were fabrications. This phrase underscores the danger of relying on human imagination rather than divine revelation, a theme prevalent throughout the prophetic literature.

a worthless divination
The word "worthless" (hebel) in Hebrew conveys the idea of vanity and emptiness. "Divination" refers to practices that seek to predict the future through supernatural means, often condemned in the Bible (Deuteronomy 18:10-12). This phrase highlights the futility and spiritual bankruptcy of the false prophets' messages, which offered no true guidance or hope.

the deceit of their own minds
This phrase points to the origin of the false prophecies: the prophets' own thoughts and imaginations. The Hebrew word for "deceit" (tarmit) suggests treachery and betrayal. This indicates that the false prophets were not only self-deceived but were also betraying the trust of the people. It serves as a warning against relying on human wisdom and understanding apart from God's revealed truth.

Therefore this is what the LORD says
This phrase introduces a divine pronouncement, emphasizing the authority and sovereignty of God. In Hebrew, "LORD" is "YHWH," the covenant name of God, underscoring His eternal and unchanging nature. This introduction serves as a reminder that the message comes directly from God, not from human imagination or desire.

about the prophets who are prophesying in My name
The phrase highlights the false prophets who claim divine authority. In ancient Israel, prophets were seen as God's mouthpieces. However, these individuals were falsely claiming to speak for God. The Hebrew word for "prophets" is "navi," which traditionally denotes someone called by God. Here, it is used ironically to describe those who have not received such a calling.

I did not send them
This statement is a direct repudiation of the false prophets' legitimacy. The Hebrew verb "send" (shalach) implies a mission or commission from God. By stating He did not send them, God is clarifying that their messages lack divine origin and authority.

yet they are saying
This phrase indicates the audacity and presumption of the false prophets. Despite lacking divine commission, they continue to speak as if they have God's endorsement. This reflects a broader theme in Jeremiah of human rebellion against divine truth.

'No sword or famine will touch this land.'
The false prophets' message is one of false security. Historically, "sword" and "famine" were common judgments from God for covenant unfaithfulness. The Hebrew words for "sword" (chereb) and "famine" (ra'av) are often used in prophetic literature to denote divine punishment. The false assurance given by these prophets contradicts the warnings God had previously given through true prophets like Jeremiah.

By sword and famine these very prophets will meet their end!
This is a divine declaration of judgment against the false prophets. The repetition of "sword" and "famine" underscores the certainty and severity of their fate. The Hebrew construction here emphasizes that the very calamities they denied would be their undoing. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of leading others astray and the ultimate triumph of God's truth over falsehood.

And the people to whom they prophesy
This phrase refers to the inhabitants of Judah who were being misled by false prophets. In the Hebrew context, "prophesy" (נָבָא, naba) often implies speaking under divine inspiration. However, these prophets were not speaking God's truth. Historically, false prophets were a significant issue in Israel, leading people away from God's commands. This highlights the importance of discernment and adherence to true prophetic words, as emphasized throughout the Scriptures.

will be thrown into the streets of Jerusalem
The imagery of being "thrown into the streets" suggests a lack of dignity and respect, often associated with judgment and disgrace. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, proper burial was crucial, and to be left unburied was a sign of divine disfavor. Jerusalem, the city of God, becomes a place of judgment due to the people's disobedience, reflecting the severe consequences of turning away from God.

because of famine and sword
"Famine" and "sword" are common biblical symbols of divine judgment. Famine (רָעָב, ra'av) often results from a lack of rain, which in the Old Testament is frequently depicted as a consequence of covenant unfaithfulness. The "sword" (חֶרֶב, cherev) represents war and violence. Together, they signify comprehensive judgment affecting both sustenance and security, underscoring the severity of God's response to persistent sin.

There will be no one to bury them
This phrase emphasizes the totality of the disaster. In ancient Israel, burial was a sacred duty, and the absence of anyone to perform this act indicates complete societal breakdown. It reflects the ultimate consequence of sin—alienation and abandonment, both by God and community, which is a recurring theme in prophetic literature.

them or their wives or their sons or their daughters
The inclusion of "wives," "sons," and "daughters" highlights the indiscriminate nature of the judgment. It affects entire families, illustrating the communal impact of sin. In the Hebrew tradition, family units were central to societal structure, and their destruction signifies a profound unraveling of social order.

I will pour out their own evil upon them
This phrase indicates a divine retribution where the consequences of one's actions are returned upon them. The concept of "pouring out" (שָׁפַךְ, shaphak) suggests an overwhelming and inescapable judgment. It reflects the biblical principle of sowing and reaping, where individuals and nations face the repercussions of their moral and spiritual choices. This serves as a sobering reminder of God's justice and the importance of repentance and obedience.

You are to speak this word to them
This phrase indicates a direct command from God to the prophet Jeremiah. The Hebrew root for "speak" is "דָּבַר" (dabar), which implies not just verbal communication but a declaration of divine truth. Jeremiah, as a prophet, serves as God's mouthpiece, emphasizing the seriousness and authority of the message. In a historical context, prophets were often tasked with delivering difficult truths to the people, and this command underscores the urgency and importance of the message.

Let my eyes overflow with tears
The imagery of overflowing tears is powerful, symbolizing deep sorrow and lamentation. The Hebrew word for "overflow" is "יָרַד" (yarad), which can also mean to descend or pour down, suggesting an uncontainable grief. This reflects God's compassion and sorrow for His people, illustrating that divine judgment is not devoid of emotion. The tears represent a profound empathy and a call for repentance, urging the people to recognize the gravity of their situation.

day and night without ceasing
This phrase emphasizes the continuous and relentless nature of the lamentation. The Hebrew words "יוֹמָם וָלַיְלָה" (yomam valaylah) for "day and night" indicate an unending cycle, suggesting that the sorrow is all-consuming and ever-present. Historically, this reflects the constant state of distress and calamity faced by the people of Judah due to their disobedience. It serves as a reminder of the persistent nature of God's call to repentance and the enduring consequences of sin.

for the virgin daughter of my people
The term "virgin daughter" is a poetic expression used to describe the nation of Israel, emphasizing purity, innocence, and the special relationship between God and His people. The Hebrew word "בְּתוּלָה" (betulah) for "virgin" conveys a sense of lost potential and unfulfilled promise due to the nation's waywardness. This phrase highlights the tragedy of Israel's fall from grace and the deep sorrow it brings to God, who desires restoration and redemption for His people.

has been crushed with a mighty blow
The imagery of being "crushed" signifies severe judgment and destruction. The Hebrew root "שָׁבַר" (shabar) means to break or shatter, indicating the complete devastation experienced by the nation. The "mighty blow" reflects the power and inevitability of divine judgment when God's people persist in rebellion. Historically, this can be seen in the Babylonian conquest and exile, a direct consequence of the nation's disobedience and idolatry.

with a sorely infected wound
The phrase "sorely infected wound" conveys the idea of a deep, festering injury that is not healing. The Hebrew word "נַחַלָה" (nachalah) for "infected" suggests a chronic, incurable condition, symbolizing the pervasive sin and corruption within the nation. This imagery serves as a metaphor for the spiritual and moral decay that has led to their downfall. It is a call to recognize the seriousness of their condition and the need for divine intervention and healing.

If I go out to the field
The Hebrew word for "field" is "שָׂדֶה" (sadeh), which often denotes open country or agricultural land. In the context of ancient Israel, fields were places of labor and sustenance, but here they are transformed into scenes of death. This imagery underscores the totality of the devastation, as even the places meant for life and growth are now marked by destruction. Historically, fields were often the sites of battles, and Jeremiah's vision reflects the grim reality of war-torn landscapes.

I see those slain by the sword
The "sword" (חֶרֶב, chereb) is a frequent biblical symbol of warfare and divine judgment. In Jeremiah's time, the sword represented the Babylonian threat, a tool of God's judgment against Judah's unfaithfulness. The sight of the slain in the fields serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of turning away from God, emphasizing the seriousness of sin and the reality of divine retribution.

if I enter the city
Cities in ancient Israel, often fortified and bustling with life, were centers of commerce, governance, and community. The Hebrew word for "city" is "עִיר" (ir). Jeremiah's mention of entering the city suggests seeking refuge or normalcy, yet even these places are not spared from suffering. This highlights the pervasive nature of the calamity, affecting both rural and urban areas alike.

I see the ravages of famine
Famine (רָעָב, ra'av) is a severe shortage of food, often seen in the Bible as a consequence of disobedience to God. In the ancient Near East, famine was a devastating event, leading to social and economic collapse. The "ravages" indicate not just the physical effects of hunger but also the moral and spiritual degradation that accompanies such desperation. This phrase underscores the comprehensive judgment upon the land, affecting every aspect of life.

For both prophet and priest
Prophets (נָבִיא, navi) and priests (כֹּהֵן, kohen) were spiritual leaders in Israel, responsible for guiding the people in God's ways. Their mention here signifies the failure of spiritual leadership, as they too are caught in the judgment. This reflects a broader theme in Jeremiah: the corruption and inadequacy of those who were supposed to lead the nation in righteousness.

travel to a land they do not know
The phrase "a land they do not know" evokes the theme of exile, a central element in Jeremiah's prophecies. The Hebrew word for "land" is "אֶרֶץ" (eretz), often used to denote the Promised Land. The leaders' journey to an unknown land symbolizes the loss of identity and divine favor. Historically, this foreshadows the Babylonian exile, where the people of Judah were taken from their homeland as a result of their persistent disobedience.

Have You completely rejected Judah?
The phrase "completely rejected" in Hebrew is "ma'as," which conveys a sense of loathing or casting away. This reflects the deep anguish and desperation of the people of Judah, feeling utterly abandoned by God. Historically, Judah was the southern kingdom, and its rejection would have been a devastating blow to the Israelites, who saw themselves as God's chosen people. This question is rhetorical, expressing the fear that their covenant relationship with God has been severed due to their persistent disobedience.

Do You despise Zion?
"Zion" is often used to refer to Jerusalem, the city of David, and the spiritual heart of Israel. The term "despise" in Hebrew is "ga'al," indicating a strong aversion or disdain. Zion holds a special place in biblical history as the site of the Temple, the dwelling place of God's presence. The idea that God might despise Zion is a profound expression of the people's fear that their sins have led to divine abandonment, a theme that resonates throughout the prophetic literature.

Why have You struck us so that we cannot be healed?
The imagery of being "struck" suggests a divine punishment or affliction. The Hebrew word "nakah" implies a blow or wound, often used in the context of God's judgment. The inability to be "healed" underscores the severity of their condition, both physically and spiritually. This reflects the consequences of their persistent sin and rebellion against God, leading to a situation where human efforts at restoration seem futile without divine intervention.

We hoped for peace, but no good has come
The word "peace" is translated from the Hebrew "shalom," which encompasses not just the absence of conflict but a state of completeness and well-being. The expectation of "good" reflects a longing for God's favor and blessing. However, the reality of their situation is starkly different, highlighting the disconnect between their hopes and their current experience. This serves as a poignant reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's commandments.

for a time of healing, but there was only terror
The "time of healing" suggests a period anticipated for restoration and recovery. The Hebrew word "rapha" means to heal or make whole, often used in the context of God's redemptive work. Instead, they encounter "terror," a word that conveys fear and dread. This juxtaposition emphasizes the gravity of their plight and the urgent need for repentance and divine mercy. It serves as a call to return to God, acknowledging that true healing and peace can only come from Him.

We acknowledge
The Hebrew word for "acknowledge" is "yada," which means to know or recognize. This term implies a deep, intimate understanding and confession of one's own state. In the context of Jeremiah, this acknowledgment is not merely a superficial admission but a profound recognition of the nation's moral and spiritual failings. It is a call to humility and repentance, urging believers to come before God with a contrite heart, fully aware of their shortcomings.

our wickedness
"Wickedness" in Hebrew is "rish'ah," denoting moral wrongness or iniquity. This term encompasses not just individual sins but a pervasive state of moral corruption. The use of "our" indicates a collective responsibility, emphasizing that the community as a whole has strayed from God's commandments. This collective confession is crucial in the biblical narrative, as it underscores the importance of communal repentance and the need for societal transformation.

O LORD
The term "LORD" is translated from the Hebrew "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God. This name signifies God's eternal presence and covenantal faithfulness. By invoking this name, the people of Israel are appealing to God's mercy and steadfast love, acknowledging His sovereignty and their dependence on His grace. It is a reminder of the intimate relationship between God and His people, a relationship that requires both reverence and trust.

the guilt of our fathers
The phrase "guilt of our fathers" refers to the concept of generational sin, where the consequences of past transgressions affect subsequent generations. In Hebrew, "guilt" is "avon," which can also mean iniquity or punishment. This acknowledgment serves as a reminder of the enduring impact of sin and the need for intergenerational repentance. It calls believers to break the cycle of sin through confession and a return to God's ways.

indeed, we have sinned
The word "indeed" emphasizes the certainty and seriousness of the confession. "Sinned" comes from the Hebrew "chata," meaning to miss the mark or fall short of God's standards. This admission is crucial, as it reflects a genuine recognition of failure to live according to God's will. It is a call to personal and communal accountability, urging believers to seek God's forgiveness and strive for righteousness.

against You
The phrase "against You" highlights the personal nature of sin as an offense against God Himself. It underscores the relational aspect of sin, where wrongdoing is not just a violation of divine law but a breach of the covenant relationship with God. This acknowledgment is a call to restore that relationship through repentance and reconciliation, recognizing that true healing and restoration come from aligning one's life with God's will.

For the sake of Your name
This phrase emphasizes the importance of God's reputation and character. In Hebrew, "name" (שֵׁם, shem) often signifies one's character or reputation. The Israelites appeal to God's own nature, reminding Him of His holiness and the honor of His name. Historically, God's name was revered and considered powerful, representing His presence and authority. The plea is for God to act in accordance with His nature, which is faithful and just.

do not despise us
The Hebrew root for "despise" (בָּזָה, bazah) conveys a sense of contempt or disdain. The Israelites are aware of their unworthiness and sinfulness, yet they implore God not to reject them. This reflects a deep understanding of their dependence on God's mercy. In the context of the covenant relationship, they seek reassurance that despite their failures, God will not abandon them.

do not disgrace the throne of Your glory
The "throne of Your glory" refers to God's sovereign rule and His presence among His people, particularly in the temple in Jerusalem. The throne symbolizes God's authority and majesty. The Israelites are concerned that their downfall would reflect poorly on God's power and honor. Historically, the temple was the center of worship and a symbol of God's dwelling with His people. The plea is for God to uphold His glory and not allow His name to be tarnished by their defeat.

Remember Your covenant with us
The term "covenant" (בְּרִית, berit) is central to the relationship between God and Israel. It signifies a binding agreement, often sealed with promises and obligations. The Israelites remind God of the promises made to their forefathers, invoking the historical and spiritual bond that God initiated. This appeal to the covenant underscores their hope in God's faithfulness and His commitment to His people despite their shortcomings.

do not break it
The plea for God not to "break" (הָפַר, haphar) the covenant is a request for divine fidelity. While humans often fail in their commitments, God is seen as unchanging and true to His word. The Israelites express their trust in God's unbreakable promises, seeking assurance that He will remain steadfast. This reflects a deep theological understanding that God's nature is to be faithful, even when His people are not.

Can any of the idols of the nations bring rain?
This phrase challenges the power and efficacy of the idols worshiped by surrounding nations. The Hebrew word for "idols" often implies something worthless or vain. Historically, many ancient cultures, such as the Canaanites, worshiped deities like Baal, who was believed to control weather and fertility. Jeremiah's rhetorical question underscores the impotence of these idols, contrasting them with the sovereignty of the LORD. This serves as a reminder of the futility of idolatry and the exclusive power of God over creation.

Or can the skies alone give showers?
The "skies" here refer to the natural order, which some might mistakenly credit with autonomous power. In ancient Near Eastern thought, the heavens were often personified or deified. However, Jeremiah emphasizes that the skies are not independent agents but part of God's creation, subject to His command. This reflects a biblical worldview where God is the ultimate source of all natural phenomena, reinforcing the belief in His providence and control over the universe.

Is it not You, O LORD our God?
This phrase is a direct acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and power. The use of "LORD" (YHWH) is significant, as it is the covenant name of God, reminding the Israelites of His faithfulness and unique relationship with them. The rhetorical question affirms that it is indeed the LORD who controls the rain and the natural order, not any other entity. This declaration is a call to recognize God's rightful place as the sole deity worthy of worship and trust.

Therefore we put our hope in You
The word "hope" in Hebrew carries a sense of waiting with expectation and trust. This phrase is a declaration of faith and reliance on God, contrasting with the futility of trusting in idols or natural forces. It reflects a deep-seated belief in God's ability to provide and sustain, even in times of drought or difficulty. This hope is not passive but active, rooted in the knowledge of God's past faithfulness and His promises.

for You have done all these things
This concluding phrase acknowledges God's past actions as the basis for present trust. The "things" refer to God's mighty works in history, including creation, provision, and deliverance. It is a reminder of God's omnipotence and His active role in the world. By recalling God's deeds, the people are encouraged to trust in His continued faithfulness and power to act on their behalf. This serves as an inspiration for believers to remember God's past faithfulness as a foundation for present and future hope.