Romans 1:23
New International Version
and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images made to look like a mortal human being and birds and animals and reptiles.

New Living Translation
And instead of worshiping the glorious, ever-living God, they worshiped idols made to look like mere people and birds and animals and reptiles.

English Standard Version
and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man and birds and animals and creeping things.

Berean Standard Bible
and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images of mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles.

Berean Literal Bible
and they changed the glory of the immortal God into a likeness of an image of mortal man and birds and quadrupeds and creeping things.

King James Bible
And changed the glory of the uncorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and fourfooted beasts, and creeping things.

New King James Version
and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like corruptible man—and birds and four-footed animals and creeping things.

New American Standard Bible
and they exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible mankind, of birds, four-footed animals, and crawling creatures.

NASB 1995
and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and crawling creatures.

NASB 1977
and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the form of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and crawling creatures.

Legacy Standard Bible
and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image in the likeness of corruptible man and of birds and four-footed animals and crawling creatures.

Amplified Bible
and exchanged the glory and majesty and excellence of the immortal God for an image [worthless idols] in the shape of mortal man and birds and four-footed animals and reptiles.

Christian Standard Bible
and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man, birds, four-footed animals, and reptiles.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal man, birds, four-footed animals, and reptiles.

American Standard Version
and changed the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping things.

Contemporary English Version
They don't worship the glorious and eternal God. Instead, they worship idols that are made to look like humans who cannot live forever, and like birds, animals, and reptiles.

English Revised Version
and changed the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping things.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
They exchanged the glory of the immortal God for statues that looked like mortal humans, birds, animals, and snakes.

Good News Translation
instead of worshiping the immortal God, they worship images made to look like mortals or birds or animals or reptiles.

International Standard Version
and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images that looked like mortal human beings, birds, four-footed animals, and reptiles.

Majority Standard Bible
and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images of mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles.

NET Bible
and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for an image resembling mortal human beings or birds or four-footed animals or reptiles.

New Heart English Bible
and traded the glory of the immortal God for images resembling mortal humans, and of birds, and four-footed animals, and crawling creatures.

Webster's Bible Translation
And changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping animals.

Weymouth New Testament
and, instead of worshipping the imperishable God, they worshipped images resembling perishable man or resembling birds or beasts or reptiles.

World English Bible
and traded the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, four-footed animals, and creeping things.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and of quadrupeds, and of reptiles.

Berean Literal Bible
and they changed the glory of the immortal God into a likeness of an image of mortal man and birds and quadrupeds and creeping things.

Young's Literal Translation
and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of fowls, and of quadrupeds, and of reptiles.

Smith's Literal Translation
And they changed the glory of the incorruptible God into the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of flying things, and of creeping things, and of quadrupeds.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And they changed the glory of the incorruptible God into the likeness of the image of a corruptible man, and of birds, and of fourfooted beasts, and of creeping things.

Catholic Public Domain Version
And they exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of flying things, and of four-legged beasts, and of serpents.

New American Bible
and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for the likeness of an image of mortal man or of birds or of four-legged animals or of snakes.

New Revised Standard Version
and they exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images resembling a mortal human being or birds or four-footed animals or reptiles.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And they have changed the glory of the uncorruptible God for an image made in the likeness of corruptible man, and in the likeness of birds, and of four-footed beasts, and of creeping things on the earth.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And they changed the glory of God, who is indestructible, into the likeness of the image of man, which is destructible, and into the likeness of birds and of four footed animals and of creeping things of The Earth.
NT Translations
Anderson New Testament
and exchanged the glory of the incorruptible God for an image like corruptible man, and birds, and four-footed beasts, and creeping things.

Godbey New Testament
and changed the glory of the invisible God into the similitude of the likeness of corruptible man, and of birds, and of quadrupeds, and of creeping things.

Haweis New Testament
and changed the glory of the incorruptible God into the likeness of an image of a corruptible man, and of birds, and of quadrupeds, and of reptiles.

Mace New Testament
the honour due to God, who is immortal, they transferr'd to idols representing men, who are mortal, to birds, and beasts, and insects.

Weymouth New Testament
and, instead of worshipping the imperishable God, they worshipped images resembling perishable man or resembling birds or beasts or reptiles.

Worrell New Testament
and changed the glory of the incorruptible God for the likeness of an image of corruptible man, and of birds, and quadrupeds, and reptiles.

Worsley New Testament
and changed the glory of the incorruptible God for an image like to corruptible man, and birds, and beasts, and reptiles.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
God's Wrath against Sin
22Although they claimed to be wise, they became fools, 23and exchanged the glory of the immortal God for images of mortal man and birds and animals and reptiles. 24Therefore God gave them over in the desires of their hearts to impurity for the dishonoring of their bodies with one another.…

Cross References
Exodus 20:4-5
You shall not make for yourself an idol in the form of anything in the heavens above, on the earth below, or in the waters beneath. / You shall not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the LORD your God, am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers on their children to the third and fourth generations of those who hate Me,

Deuteronomy 4:16-18
that you do not act corruptly and make an idol for yourselves of any form or shape, whether in the likeness of a male or female, / of any beast that is on the earth or bird that flies in the air, / or of any creature that crawls on the ground or fish that is in the waters below.

Psalm 106:20
They exchanged their Glory for the image of a grass-eating ox.

Jeremiah 2:11
Has a nation ever changed its gods? (Yet they are not gods at all.) But My people have exchanged their Glory for useless idols.

Isaiah 44:9-20
All makers of idols are nothing, and the things they treasure are worthless. Their witnesses fail to see or comprehend, so they are put to shame. / Who fashions a god or casts an idol which profits him nothing? / Behold, all his companions will be put to shame, for the craftsmen themselves are only human. Let them all assemble and take their stand; they will all be brought to terror and shame. ...

Isaiah 40:18-20
To whom will you liken God? To what image will you compare Him? / To an idol that a craftsman casts and a metalworker overlays with gold and fits with silver chains? / One lacking such an offering chooses wood that will not rot. He seeks a skilled craftsman to set up an idol that will not topple.

Isaiah 42:8
I am the LORD; that is My name! I will not yield My glory to another or My praise to idols.

Acts 17:29
Therefore, being offspring of God, we should not think that the Divine Being is like gold or silver or stone, an image formed by man’s skill and imagination.

1 Corinthians 10:19-20
Am I suggesting, then, that food sacrificed to an idol is anything, or that an idol is anything? / No, but the sacrifices of pagans are offered to demons, not to God. And I do not want you to be participants with demons.

1 Corinthians 12:2
You know that when you were pagans, you were influenced and led astray to mute idols.

2 Kings 17:15
They rejected His statutes and the covenant He had made with their fathers, as well as the decrees He had given them. They pursued worthless idols and became worthless themselves, going after the surrounding nations that the LORD had commanded them not to imitate.

2 Chronicles 33:7
Manasseh even took the carved image he had made and set it up in the house of God, of which God had said to David and his son Solomon, “In this temple and in Jerusalem, which I have chosen out of all the tribes of Israel, I will establish My Name forever.

Ezekiel 8:10
So I went in and looked, and engraved all around the wall was every kind of crawling creature and detestable beast, along with all the idols of the house of Israel.

Hosea 4:7
The more they multiplied, the more they sinned against Me; they exchanged their Glory for a thing of disgrace.

Revelation 9:20
Now the rest of mankind who were not killed by these plagues still did not repent of the works of their hands. They did not stop worshiping demons and idols of gold, silver, bronze, stone, and wood, which cannot see or hear or walk.


Treasury of Scripture

And changed the glory of the incorruptible God into an image made like to corruptible man, and to birds, and four footed beasts, and creeping things.

changed.

Romans 1:25
Who changed the truth of God into a lie, and worshipped and served the creature more than the Creator, who is blessed for ever. Amen.

Psalm 106:20
Thus they changed their glory into the similitude of an ox that eateth grass.

Jeremiah 2:11
Hath a nation changed their gods, which are yet no gods? but my people have changed their glory for that which doth not profit.

an image.

Deuteronomy 4:15-18
Take ye therefore good heed unto yourselves; for ye saw no manner of similitude on the day that the LORD spake unto you in Horeb out of the midst of the fire: …

Deuteronomy 5:8
Thou shalt not make thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the waters beneath the earth:

Psalm 115:5-8
They have mouths, but they speak not: eyes have they, but they see not: …

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Romans 1
1. Paul commends his calling to the Romans;
9. and his desire to come to them.
16. What his gospel is.
18. God is angry with sin.
21. What were the sins of mankind.














and exchanged
The Greek word used here is "ἀλλάσσω" (allassō), which means to change or exchange one thing for another. This word indicates a deliberate action, a conscious decision to replace something of supreme value with something inferior. In the context of Romans, this exchange is a tragic misstep, highlighting humanity's tendency to forsake divine truth for earthly substitutes. This exchange is not merely a passive loss but an active choice to abandon the glory of God.

the glory
The term "glory" in Greek is "δόξα" (doxa), which refers to the majesty and honor that belong to God alone. In the biblical context, God's glory is His divine nature and presence, which is beyond human comprehension. The glory of God is a central theme throughout Scripture, representing His holiness, power, and divine attributes. To exchange this glory is to reject the very essence of who God is, which is a profound act of rebellion.

of the immortal God
The phrase "immortal God" emphasizes God's eternal and unchanging nature. The Greek word for immortal is "ἄφθαρτος" (aphthartos), meaning incorruptible or imperishable. This highlights the contrast between the eternal Creator and the temporal creation. God's immortality is a fundamental aspect of His divine nature, setting Him apart from all created beings. The rejection of the immortal God for mortal images underscores the folly of idolatry.

for images
The word "images" comes from the Greek "εἰκών" (eikōn), which means likeness or representation. In the ancient world, images were often used in idol worship, representing deities in physical form. The use of images in worship is a direct violation of the second commandment, which prohibits the making of graven images. This exchange of God's glory for images is a distortion of true worship, replacing the Creator with the created.

of mortal man
"Mortal man" refers to humanity's finite and perishable nature. The Greek word for mortal is "θνητός" (thnētos), meaning subject to death. This phrase highlights the absurdity of worshiping something as limited and transient as human beings. In contrast to the immortal God, mortal man is frail and temporary, making the exchange even more irrational and tragic.

and birds and animals and reptiles
This list of created beings—birds, animals, and reptiles—represents the various forms of idolatry prevalent in the ancient world. Each of these categories was commonly associated with different deities and idols in various cultures. The worship of these creatures is a clear departure from the worship of the Creator, as outlined in Genesis, where God is the one who created all living things. This descent into idolatry reflects a deeper spiritual decay, where humanity turns away from the truth of God to embrace falsehood.

(23) Into an image made like to.--For the likeness of the image of mortal man. This anthropomorphism applies more especially to the religions of Greece and Rome. Representations of the Deity under the form of beasts were most common in Egypt. "Worship was universally paid to cattle, lions, cats, dogs, weasels, and otters; among the birds, to the sparrow-hawk, the hoopoe, the stork, and the sheldrake; and among fish, to the eel and lepidotus. Besides these, other creatures received local worship. The sheep was worshipped in Sais and the Thebais, but sacrificed and eaten in Lycopolis. The hippopotamus in the district of Papremis, and the crocodile in the greater part of the land, were considered specially sacred; but the latter was chased and eaten in Tentyra and Apollinopolis. The sacred serpent Thermapis which served as head-gear for Isis had holes in all the temples, where it was fed with veal fat." "Among the sacred beasts," says D?llinger, "the first place was given to the divine bulls, of which the Egyptians worshipped four." No doubt the images in Greece and the beasts in Egypt were by some of the people regarded only as symbols of the Deity, but it was in all probability only a small minority who were capable of drawing this distinction.



Parallel Commentaries ...


Greek
and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

exchanged
ἤλλαξαν (ēllaxan)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 236: To change, alter, exchange, transform. From allos; to make different.

the
τὴν (tēn)
Article - Accusative Feminine Singular
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

glory
δόξαν (doxan)
Noun - Accusative Feminine Singular
Strong's 1391: From the base of dokeo; glory, in a wide application.

of the
τοῦ (tou)
Article - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

immortal
ἀφθάρτου (aphthartou)
Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 862: Indestructible, imperishable, incorruptible; hence: immortal. Undecaying.

God
Θεοῦ (Theou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 2316: A deity, especially the supreme Divinity; figuratively, a magistrate; by Hebraism, very.

for
ἐν (en)
Preposition
Strong's 1722: In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc.

images
εἰκόνος (eikonos)
Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular
Strong's 1504: An image, likeness, bust. From eiko; a likeness, i.e. statue, profile, or representation, resemblance.

of mortal
φθαρτοῦ (phthartou)
Adjective - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 5349: Corruptible, perishable. From phtheiro; decayed, i.e. perishable.

man
ἀνθρώπου (anthrōpou)
Noun - Genitive Masculine Singular
Strong's 444: A man, one of the human race. From aner and ops; man-faced, i.e. A human being.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

birds
πετεινῶν (peteinōn)
Noun - Genitive Neuter Plural
Strong's 4071: A bird, fowl. Neuter of a derivative of petomai; a flying animal, i.e. Bird.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

animals
τετραπόδων (tetrapodōn)
Adjective - Genitive Neuter Plural
Strong's 5074: Four-footed. From tessares and pous; a quadruped.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

reptiles.
ἑρπετῶν (herpetōn)
Noun - Genitive Neuter Plural
Strong's 2062: Neuter of a derivative of herpo; a reptile, i.e. (compare remes) a small animal.


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NT Letters: Romans 1:23 And traded the glory of the incorruptible (Rom. Ro)
Romans 1:22
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