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Exodus 18
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1
וַיִּשְׁמַ֞ע
יִתְר֨וֹ
כֹהֵ֤ן
מִדְיָן֙
חֹתֵ֣ן
מֹשֶׁ֔ה
אֵת֩
כָּל־
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
עָשָׂ֤ה
אֱלֹהִים֙
לְמֹשֶׁ֔ה
וּלְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל
עַמּ֑וֹ
כִּֽי־
הוֹצִ֧יא
יְהוָ֛ה
אֶת־
יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל
מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃
Now Moses’
father-in-law
Jethro,
the priest
of Midian,
heard
about all
that
God
had done
for Moses
and His people
Israel,
and how
the LORD
had brought
Israel
out of Egypt.
When Jethro,
the priest
of Midian,
Moses'
father in law,
heard
of all that God
had done
for Moses,
and for Israel
his people,
[and] that the LORD
had brought
Israel
out of Egypt;
2
וַיִּקַּ֗ח
יִתְרוֹ֙
חֹתֵ֣ן
מֹשֶׁ֔ה
אֶת־
צִפֹּרָ֖ה
אֵ֣שֶׁת
מֹשֶׁ֑ה
אַחַ֖ר
שִׁלּוּחֶֽיהָ׃
After
Moses
had sent back
his wife
Zipporah,
his
father-in-law
Jethro
had received her,
Then Jethro,
Moses'
father in law,
took
Zipporah,
Moses'
wife,
after
he had sent her back,
3
וְאֵ֖ת
שְׁנֵ֣י
בָנֶ֑יהָ
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
שֵׁ֤ם
הָֽאֶחָד֙
גֵּֽרְשֹׁ֔ם
כִּ֣י
אָמַ֔ר
גֵּ֣ר
הָיִ֔יתִי
בְּאֶ֖רֶץ
נָכְרִיָּֽה׃
along with
her two
sons.
One
son
was named
Gershom,
for
Moses had said,
“I have been
a foreigner
in a foreign
land.”
And her two
sons;
of which the name
of the one
[was] Gershom;
for he said,
I have been an alien
in a strange
land:
4
וְשֵׁ֥ם
הָאֶחָ֖ד
אֱלִיעֶ֑זֶר
כִּֽי־
אֱלֹהֵ֤י
אָבִי֙
בְּעֶזְרִ֔י
וַיַּצִּלֵ֖נִי
מֵחֶ֥רֶב
פַּרְעֹֽה׃
The other son
was named
Eliezer,
for Moses had said,
“The God
of my father
was my helper
and delivered me
from the sword
of Pharaoh.”
And the name
of the other
[was] Eliezer;
for the God
of my father,
[said he, was] mine help,
and delivered
me from the sword
of Pharaoh:
5
וַיָּבֹ֞א
יִתְר֨וֹ
חֹתֵ֥ן
מֹשֶׁ֛ה
וּבָנָ֥יו
וְאִשְׁתּ֖וֹ
אֶל־
מֹשֶׁ֑ה
אֶל־
הַמִּדְבָּ֗ר
אֲשֶׁר־
ה֛וּא
חֹנֶ֥ה
שָׁ֖ם
הַ֥ר
הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃
Moses’ father-in-law
Jethro,
along with Moses’
wife
and sons,
came
to
him
in
the desert,
where
he
was encamped
at the mountain
of God.
And Jethro,
Moses'
father in law,
came
with his sons
and his wife
unto Moses
into the wilderness,
where he encamped
at the mount
of God:
6
וַיֹּ֙אמֶר֙
אֶל־
מֹשֶׁ֔ה
אֲנִ֛י
חֹתֶנְךָ֥
יִתְר֖וֹ
בָּ֣א
אֵלֶ֑יךָ
וְאִ֨שְׁתְּךָ֔
וּשְׁנֵ֥י
בָנֶ֖יהָ
עִמָּֽהּ׃
He sent word
to
Moses,
“I,
your father-in-law
Jethro,
am coming
to
you with your wife
and her
two
sons.”
And he said
unto Moses,
I thy father in law
Jethro
am come
unto thee, and thy wife,
and her two
sons
with her.
7
וַיֵּצֵ֨א
מֹשֶׁ֜ה
לִקְרַ֣את
חֹֽתְנ֗וֹ
וַיִּשְׁתַּ֙חוּ֙
וַיִּשַּׁק־
ל֔וֹ
וַיִּשְׁאֲל֥וּ
אִישׁ־
לְרֵעֵ֖הוּ
לְשָׁל֑וֹם
וַיָּבֹ֖אוּ
הָאֹֽהֱלָה׃
So Moses
went out to meet
his father-in-law
and bowed down
and kissed
him.
They greeted
each
other
and went
into the tent.
And Moses
went out
to meet
his father in law,
and did obeisance,
and kissed
him; and they asked
each
other
of [their] welfare;
and they came
into the tent.
8
וַיְסַפֵּ֤ר
מֹשֶׁה֙
לְחֹ֣תְנ֔וֹ
אֵת֩
כָּל־
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
עָשָׂ֤ה
יְהוָה֙
לְפַרְעֹ֣ה
וּלְמִצְרַ֔יִם
עַ֖ל
אוֹדֹ֣ת
יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
אֵ֤ת
כָּל־
הַתְּלָאָה֙
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
מְצָאָ֣תַם
בַּדֶּ֔רֶךְ
וַיַּצִּלֵ֖ם
יְהוָֽה׃
Then Moses
recounted
to his father-in-law
all
that
the LORD
had done
to Pharaoh
and the Egyptians
for
Israel’s
sake,
all
the hardships
they had encountered
along the way,
and how the LORD
had delivered them.
And Moses
told
his father in law
all that the LORD
had done
unto Pharaoh
and to the Egyptians
for Israel's
sake,
[and] all the travail
that had come
upon them by the way,
and [how] the LORD
delivered
them.
9
וַיִּ֣חַדְּ
יִתְר֔וֹ
עַ֚ל
כָּל־
הַטּוֹבָ֔ה
אֲשֶׁר־
עָשָׂ֥ה
יְהוָ֖ה
לְיִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
הִצִּיל֖וֹ
מִיַּ֥ד
מִצְרָֽיִם׃
And Jethro
rejoiced
over
all
the good things
the LORD
had done
for Israel,
whom
He had rescued
from the hand
of the Egyptians.
And Jethro
rejoiced
for all the goodness
which the LORD
had done
to Israel,
whom he had delivered
out of the hand
of the Egyptians.
10
וַיֹּאמֶר֮
יִתְרוֹ֒
בָּר֣וּךְ
יְהוָ֔ה
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
הִצִּ֥יל
אֶתְכֶ֛ם
מִיַּ֥ד
מִצְרַ֖יִם
וּמִיַּ֣ד
פַּרְעֹ֑ה
אֲשֶׁ֤ר
הִצִּיל֙
אֶת־
הָעָ֔ם
מִתַּ֖חַת
יַד־
מִצְרָֽיִם׃
Jethro
declared,
“Blessed be
the LORD,
who
has delivered
you
from the hand
of the Egyptians
and of Pharaoh,
and who
has delivered
the people
from
the hand
of the Egyptians.
And Jethro
said,
Blessed
[be] the LORD,
who hath delivered
you out of the hand
of the Egyptians,
and out of the hand
of Pharaoh,
who hath delivered
the people
from under the hand
of the Egyptians.
11
עַתָּ֣ה
יָדַ֔עְתִּי
כִּֽי־
גָד֥וֹל
יְהוָ֖ה
מִכָּל־
הָאֱלֹהִ֑ים
כִּ֣י
בַדָּבָ֔ר
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
זָד֖וּ
עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃
Now
I know
that
the LORD
is greater
than all other
gods,
for
He did this
when they
treated Israel with arrogance.”
Now I know
that the LORD
[is] greater
than all gods:
for in the thing
wherein they dealt proudly
[he was] above them.
12
וַיִּקַּ֞ח
יִתְר֨וֹ
חֹתֵ֥ן
מֹשֶׁ֛ה
עֹלָ֥ה
וּזְבָחִ֖ים
לֵֽאלֹהִ֑ים
וַיָּבֹ֨א
אַהֲרֹ֜ן
וְכֹ֣ל ׀
זִקְנֵ֣י
יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל
לֶאֱכָל־
לֶ֛חֶם
עִם־
חֹתֵ֥ן
מֹשֶׁ֖ה
לִפְנֵ֥י
הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃
Then Moses’
father-in-law
Jethro
brought
a burnt offering
and sacrifices
to God,
and Aaron
came
with all
the elders
of Israel
to eat
bread
with
Moses’
father-in-law
in the presence
of God.
And Jethro,
Moses'
father in law,
took
a burnt offering
and sacrifices
for God:
and Aaron
came,
and all the elders
of Israel,
to eat
bread
with Moses'
father in law
before
God.
13
וַיְהִי֙
מִֽמָּחֳרָ֔ת
וַיֵּ֥שֶׁב
מֹשֶׁ֖ה
לִשְׁפֹּ֣ט
אֶת־
הָעָ֑ם
וַיַּעֲמֹ֤ד
הָעָם֙
עַל־
מֹשֶׁ֔ה
מִן־
הַבֹּ֖קֶר
עַד־
הָעָֽרֶב׃
The next day
Moses
took his seat
to judge
the people,
and they stood
around
him
from
morning
until
evening.
And it came to pass on the morrow,
that Moses
sat
to judge
the people:
and the people
stood
by Moses
from the morning
unto the evening.
14
וַיַּרְא֙
חֹתֵ֣ן
מֹשֶׁ֔ה
אֵ֛ת
כָּל־
אֲשֶׁר־
ה֥וּא
עֹשֶׂ֖ה
לָעָ֑ם
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר
מָֽה־
הַדָּבָ֤ר
הַזֶּה֙
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
אַתָּ֤ה
עֹשֶׂה֙
לָעָ֔ם
מַדּ֗וּעַ
אַתָּ֤ה
יוֹשֵׁב֙
לְבַדֶּ֔ךָ
וְכָל־
הָעָ֛ם
נִצָּ֥ב
עָלֶ֖יךָ
מִן־
בֹּ֥קֶר
עַד־
עָֽרֶב׃
When his
father-in-law
saw
all
that
Moses
was doing
for the people,
he asked,
“What
is this
that
you are
doing
for the people?
Why
do you
sit
alone as judge,
with all
the people
standing
around
you from
morning
till
evening?”
And when Moses'
father in law
saw
all that he did
to the people,
he said,
What [is] this thing
that thou doest
to the people?
why sittest
thou thyself alone, and all the people
stand
by thee from morning
unto even?
15
וַיֹּ֥אמֶר
מֹשֶׁ֖ה
לְחֹתְנ֑וֹ
כִּֽי־
יָבֹ֥א
אֵלַ֛י
הָעָ֖ם
לִדְרֹ֥שׁ
אֱלֹהִֽים׃
“Because
the people
come
to me
to inquire
of God,”
Moses
replied.
And Moses
said
unto his father in law,
Because the people
come
unto me to enquire
of God:
16
כִּֽי־
יִהְיֶ֨ה
לָהֶ֤ם
דָּבָר֙
בָּ֣א
אֵלַ֔י
וְשָׁ֣פַטְתִּ֔י
בֵּ֥ין
אִ֖ישׁ
וּבֵ֣ין
רֵעֵ֑הוּ
וְהוֹדַעְתִּ֛י
אֶת־
חֻקֵּ֥י
הָאֱלֹהִ֖ים
וְאֶת־
תּוֹרֹתָֽיו׃
“Whenever
they have
a dispute,
it is brought
to me
to judge
between
one man
and another,
and I make known
to them
the statutes
and
laws
of God.”
When they have a matter,
they come
unto me; and I judge
between one
and another,
and I do make [them] know
the statutes
of God,
and his laws.
17
וַיֹּ֛אמֶר
חֹתֵ֥ן
מֹשֶׁ֖ה
אֵלָ֑יו
לֹא־
טוֹב֙
הַדָּבָ֔ר
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
אַתָּ֖ה
עֹשֶֽׂה׃
But Moses’
father-in-law
said
to him,
“What
you are
doing
is not
good.
And Moses'
father in law
said
unto him, The thing
that thou doest
[is] not good.
18
נָבֹ֣ל
תִּבֹּ֔ל
גַּם־
אַתָּ֕ה
גַּם־
הָעָ֥ם
הַזֶּ֖ה
אֲשֶׁ֣ר
עִמָּ֑ךְ
כִּֽי־
כָבֵ֤ד
מִמְּךָ֙
הַדָּבָ֔ר
לֹא־
תוּכַ֥ל
עֲשֹׂ֖הוּ
לְבַדֶּֽךָ׃
Surely
you
and
these
people
with you
will wear yourselves out,
because
the task
is too heavy
for you.
You cannot
handle
it alone.
Thou wilt surely
wear away,
both thou, and this people
that [is] with thee: for this thing
[is] too heavy
for thee; thou art not able
to perform
it thyself alone.
19
עַתָּ֞ה
שְׁמַ֤ע
בְּקֹלִי֙
אִיעָ֣צְךָ֔
וִיהִ֥י
אֱלֹהִ֖ים
עִמָּ֑ךְ
הֱיֵ֧ה
אַתָּ֣ה
לָעָ֗ם
מ֚וּל
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֔ים
וְהֵבֵאתָ֥
אַתָּ֛ה
אֶת־
הַדְּבָרִ֖ים
אֶל־
הָאֱלֹהִֽים׃
Now
listen to me;
I will give you some advice,
and may God
be
with you.
You
must be
the people’s representative
before
God
and bring
their causes
to
Him.
Hearken
now unto my voice,
I will give thee counsel,
and God
shall be
with thee: Be thou for the people
to God-ward,
that thou mayest bring
the causes
unto God:
20
וְהִזְהַרְתָּ֣ה
אֶתְהֶ֔ם
אֶת־
הַחֻקִּ֖ים
וְאֶת־
הַתּוֹרֹ֑ת
וְהוֹדַעְתָּ֣
לָהֶ֗ם
אֶת־
הַדֶּ֙רֶךְ֙
יֵ֣לְכוּ
בָ֔הּ
וְאֶת־
הַֽמַּעֲשֶׂ֖ה
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
יַעֲשֽׂוּן׃
Teach
them
the statutes
and laws,
and show
them
the way
to live
and the work
they must do.
And thou shalt teach
them ordinances
and laws,
and shalt shew
them the way
wherein they must walk,
and the work
that they must do.
21
וְאַתָּ֣ה
תֶחֱזֶ֣ה
מִכָּל־
הָ֠עָם
אַנְשֵׁי־
חַ֜יִל
יִרְאֵ֧י
אֱלֹהִ֛ים
אַנְשֵׁ֥י
אֱמֶ֖ת
שֹׂ֣נְאֵי
בָ֑צַע
וְשַׂמְתָּ֣
עֲלֵהֶ֗ם
שָׂרֵ֤י
אֲלָפִים֙
שָׂרֵ֣י
מֵא֔וֹת
שָׂרֵ֥י
חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים
וְשָׂרֵ֥י
עֲשָׂרֹֽת׃
Furthermore,
select
capable
men
from among
the people—
God-fearing,
trustworthy men
who are averse
to dishonest gain.
Appoint them
over the people
as leaders
of thousands,
of hundreds,
of fifties,
and of tens.
Moreover thou shalt provide
out of all the people
able
men,
such as fear
God,
men
of truth,
hating
covetousness;
and place
[such] over them, [to be] rulers
of thousands,
[and] rulers
of hundreds,
rulers
of fifties,
and rulers
of tens:
22
וְשָׁפְט֣וּ
אֶת־
הָעָם֮
בְּכָל־
עֵת֒
וְהָיָ֞ה
כָּל־
הַדָּבָ֤ר
הַגָּדֹל֙
יָבִ֣יאוּ
אֵלֶ֔יךָ
וְכָל־
הַדָּבָ֥ר
הַקָּטֹ֖ן
יִשְׁפְּטוּ־
הֵ֑ם
וְהָקֵל֙
מֵֽעָלֶ֔יךָ
וְנָשְׂא֖וּ
אִתָּֽךְ׃
Have these men judge
the people
at all
times.
Then
they can bring
you
any
major
issue,
but all
minor
cases
they can judge
on their own,
so that your load may be lightened
as they share
it with you.
And let them judge
the people
at all seasons:
and it shall be, [that] every great
matter
they shall bring
unto thee, but every small
matter
they shall judge:
so shall it be easier
for thyself, and they shall bear
[the burden] with thee.
23
אִ֣ם
אֶת־
הַדָּבָ֤ר
הַזֶּה֙
תַּעֲשֶׂ֔ה
וְצִוְּךָ֣
אֱלֹהִ֔ים
וְיָֽכָלְתָּ֖
עֲמֹ֑ד
וְגַם֙
כָּל־
הָעָ֣ם
הַזֶּ֔ה
עַל־
מְקֹמ֖וֹ
יָבֹ֥א
בְשָׁלֽוֹם׃
If
you follow
this
advice
and God
so directs you,
then you will be able
to endure,
and
all
these
people
can go
home
in peace.”
If thou shalt do
this thing,
and God
command
thee [so], then thou shalt be able
to endure,
and all this people
shall also go
to their place
in peace.
24
וַיִּשְׁמַ֥ע
מֹשֶׁ֖ה
לְק֣וֹל
חֹתְנ֑וֹ
וַיַּ֕עַשׂ
כֹּ֖ל
אֲשֶׁ֥ר
אָמָֽר׃
Moses
listened
to his father-in-law
and did
everything
he said.
So Moses
hearkened
to the voice
of his father in law,
and did
all that he had said.
25
וַיִּבְחַ֨ר
מֹשֶׁ֤ה
אַנְשֵׁי־
חַ֙יִל֙
מִכָּל־
יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל
וַיִּתֵּ֥ן
אֹתָ֛ם
רָאשִׁ֖ים
עַל־
הָעָ֑ם
שָׂרֵ֤י
אֲלָפִים֙
שָׂרֵ֣י
מֵא֔וֹת
שָׂרֵ֥י
חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים
וְשָׂרֵ֥י
עֲשָׂרֹֽת׃
So Moses
chose
capable
men
from all
Israel
and made
them
heads
over
the people
as leaders
of thousands,
of hundreds,
of fifties,
and of tens.
And Moses
chose
able
men
out of all Israel,
and made
them heads
over the people,
rulers
of thousands,
rulers
of hundreds,
rulers
of fifties,
and rulers
of tens.
26
וְשָׁפְט֥וּ
אֶת־
הָעָ֖ם
בְּכָל־
עֵ֑ת
אֶת־
הַדָּבָ֤ר
הַקָּשֶׁה֙
יְבִיא֣וּן
אֶל־
מֹשֶׁ֔ה
וְכָל־
הַדָּבָ֥ר
הַקָּטֹ֖ן
יִשְׁפּוּט֥וּ
הֵֽם׃
And they judged
the people
at all
times;
they would bring
the difficult
cases
to
Moses,
but any
minor
issue
they would judge
themselves.
And they judged
the people
at all seasons:
the hard
causes
they brought
unto Moses,
but every small
matter
they judged
themselves.
27
וַיְשַׁלַּ֥ח
מֹשֶׁ֖ה
אֶת־
חֹתְנ֑וֹ
וַיֵּ֥לֶךְ
ל֖וֹ
אֶל־
אַרְצֽוֹ׃
פ
Then Moses
sent
his father-in-law on his way,
and Jethro returned
to
his own land.
And Moses
let his father in law
depart;
and he went
his way into his own land.
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