Exodus 39:4
New International Version
They made shoulder pieces for the ephod, which were attached to two of its corners, so it could be fastened.

New Living Translation
The ephod consisted of two pieces, front and back, joined at the shoulders with two shoulder-pieces.

English Standard Version
They made for the ephod attaching shoulder pieces, joined to it at its two edges.

Berean Standard Bible
They made shoulder pieces for the ephod, which were attached at two of its corners, so it could be fastened.

King James Bible
They made shoulderpieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together.

New King James Version
They made shoulder straps for it to couple it together; it was coupled together at its two edges.

New American Standard Bible
They made attaching shoulder pieces for the ephod; it was attached at its two upper ends.

NASB 1995
They made attaching shoulder pieces for the ephod; it was attached at its two upper ends.

NASB 1977
They made attaching shoulder pieces for the ephod; it was attached at its two upper ends.

Legacy Standard Bible
They made joining shoulder pieces for the ephod; it was joined at its two upper ends.

Amplified Bible
They made attaching shoulder pieces for the ephod; it was attached at its two [upper] edges.

Christian Standard Bible
They made shoulder pieces for attaching it; it was joined together at its two edges.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
They made shoulder pieces for attaching it; it was joined together at its two edges.

American Standard Version
They made shoulder-pieces for it, joined together; at the two ends was it joined together.

English Revised Version
They made shoulderpieces for it, joined together: at the two ends was it joined together.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
They made two shoulder straps attached at the [top] corners so that the ephod could be fastened.

Good News Translation
They made two shoulder straps for the ephod and attached them to its sides, so that it could be fastened.

International Standard Version
They made connecting shoulder pieces for the ephod and attached them to its two edges.

Majority Standard Bible
They made shoulder pieces for the ephod, which were attached at two of its corners, so it could be fastened.

NET Bible
They made shoulder pieces for it, attached to two of its corners, so it could be joined together.

New Heart English Bible
They made shoulder straps for it, joined together. At the two ends it was joined together.

Webster's Bible Translation
They made shoulder-pieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together.

World English Bible
They made shoulder straps for it, joined together. It was joined together at the two ends.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
they have made shoulder-pieces for it, joining; it is joined at its two ends.

Young's Literal Translation
shoulder-pieces they have made for it, joining; at its two ends it is joined.

Smith's Literal Translation
Shoulders they made to it to join together: upon its two ends it was joined together.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And two borders coupled one to the other in the top on either side,

Catholic Public Domain Version
And he made two edges, coupled to one another at the top of both sides,

New American Bible
Shoulder straps were made for it and joined to its two upper ends.

New Revised Standard Version
They made for the ephod shoulder-pieces, joined to it at its two edges.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
They made shoulder-pieces for it, to join it together; by the two edges was it joined together.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
They made shoulder pieces for it, joined by joining its two sides.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
They made shoulder-pieces for it, joined together; at the two ends was it joined together.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
shoulder-pieces joined from both sides, a work woven by mutual twisting of the parts into one another.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Ephod
3They hammered out thin sheets of gold and cut threads from them to interweave with the blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and fine linen—the work of a skilled craftsman. 4They made shoulder pieces for the ephod, which were attached at two of its corners, so it could be fastened. 5And the skillfully woven waistband of the ephod was of one piece with the ephod, of the same workmanship—with gold, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and with finely spun linen, just as the LORD had commanded Moses.…

Cross References
Exodus 28:6-14
They are to make the ephod of finely spun linen embroidered with gold, and with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn. / It shall have two shoulder pieces attached at two of its corners, so it can be fastened. / And the skillfully woven waistband of the ephod must be of one piece, of the same workmanship—with gold, with blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and with finely spun linen. ...

Leviticus 8:7-9
He put the tunic on Aaron, tied the sash around him, clothed him with the robe, and put the ephod on him. He tied the woven band of the ephod around him and fastened it to him. / Then he put the breastpiece on him and placed the Urim and Thummim in the breastpiece. / Moses also put the turban on Aaron’s head and set the gold plate, the holy diadem, on the front of the turban, as the LORD had commanded him.

Numbers 4:5-6
Whenever the camp sets out, Aaron and his sons are to go in, take down the veil of the curtain, and cover the ark of the Testimony with it. / They are to place over this a covering of fine leather, spread a solid blue cloth over it, and insert its poles.

1 Kings 7:15-22
He cast two pillars of bronze, each eighteen cubits high and twelve cubits in circumference. / He also made two capitals of cast bronze to set on top of the pillars, each capital five cubits high. / For the capitals on top of the pillars he made a network of lattice, with wreaths of chainwork, seven for each capital. ...

2 Chronicles 3:16-17
He made interwoven chains and put them on top of the pillars. He made a hundred pomegranates and fastened them into the chainwork. / Then he set up the pillars in front of the temple, one on the south and one on the north. The pillar on the south he named Jachin, and the pillar on the north he named Boaz.

Isaiah 22:21
I will clothe him with your robe and tie your sash around him. I will put your authority in his hand, and he will be a father to the dwellers of Jerusalem and to the house of Judah.

Ezekiel 44:17-18
When they enter the gates of the inner court, they are to wear linen garments; they must not wear anything made of wool when they minister at the gates of the inner court or inside the temple. / They are to wear linen turbans on their heads and linen undergarments around their waists. They must not wear anything that makes them perspire.

Hebrews 5:1-4
Every high priest is appointed from among men to represent them in matters relating to God, to offer gifts and sacrifices for sins. / He is able to deal gently with those who are ignorant and misguided, since he himself is subject to weakness. / That is why he is obligated to offer sacrifices for his own sins, as well as for the sins of the people. ...

Hebrews 7:26-28
Such a high priest truly befits us—One who is holy, innocent, undefiled, set apart from sinners, and exalted above the heavens. / Unlike the other high priests, He does not need to offer daily sacrifices, first for His own sins and then for the sins of the people; He sacrificed for sin once for all when He offered up Himself. / For the law appoints as high priests men who are weak; but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the Son, who has been made perfect forever.

Hebrews 8:1-5
The point of what we are saying is this: We do have such a high priest, who sat down at the right hand of the throne of the Majesty in heaven, / and who ministers in the sanctuary and true tabernacle set up by the Lord, not by man. / And since every high priest is appointed to offer both gifts and sacrifices, it was necessary for this One also to have something to offer. ...

Hebrews 9:11-12
But when Christ came as high priest of the good things that have come, He went through the greater and more perfect tabernacle that is not made by hands and is not a part of this creation. / He did not enter by the blood of goats and calves, but He entered the Most Holy Place once for all by His own blood, thus securing eternal redemption.

Hebrews 9:24
For Christ did not enter a man-made copy of the true sanctuary, but He entered heaven itself, now to appear on our behalf in the presence of God.

Revelation 1:13
and among the lampstands was One like the Son of Man, dressed in a long robe, with a golden sash around His chest.

Revelation 15:6
And out of the temple came the seven angels with the seven plagues, dressed in clean and bright linen and girded with golden sashes around their chests.

Revelation 19:8
She was given clothing of fine linen, bright and pure.” For the fine linen she wears is the righteous acts of the saints.


Treasury of Scripture

They made shoulder pieces for it, to couple it together: by the two edges was it coupled together.

no reference

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Arms Attached Attaching Bands Corners Couple Coupled Edges Ends Ephod Fastened Joined Joining Pieces Shoulder Shoulderpieces Shoulder-Pieces Straps Together Top Upper
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Arms Attached Attaching Bands Corners Couple Coupled Edges Ends Ephod Fastened Joined Joining Pieces Shoulder Shoulderpieces Shoulder-Pieces Straps Together Top Upper
Exodus 39
1. The cloths of service and holy garments.
2. The ephod
8. The breast-plate
22. The robe of the ephod
27. The coats, mitre, and girdle of fine linen
30. The plate of the holy crown
32. All is finished, reviewed, and approved by Moses














They made
The phrase "They made" indicates the skilled craftsmanship and collective effort of the Israelites under the guidance of Bezalel and Oholiab, as described earlier in Exodus. This reflects the obedience of the people to God's commands given through Moses. The Hebrew root for "made" is עָשָׂה (asah), which means to do, fashion, or accomplish. This word emphasizes the active participation and dedication of the Israelites in fulfilling God's instructions for the tabernacle and its furnishings, highlighting the importance of community and cooperation in worship.

Shoulder pieces
The "shoulder pieces" were part of the ephod, a sacred garment worn by the high priest. In Hebrew, the word for shoulder is כָּתֵף (kateph), which can also imply strength or support. These pieces were not merely functional but symbolic, representing the burden and responsibility carried by the high priest on behalf of the people. The shoulder pieces were adorned with onyx stones engraved with the names of the tribes of Israel, signifying the priest's role as an intercessor who bears the people before God.

For the ephod
The ephod was a central garment in the high priest's attire, intricately woven with gold, blue, purple, and scarlet yarn, and fine linen. The Hebrew word אֵפוֹד (ephod) suggests a garment of significance and authority. Historically, the ephod was associated with divine communication and judgment, as it was used in conjunction with the Urim and Thummim to discern God's will. The ephod's construction and use underscore the holiness and set-apart nature of the priesthood, serving as a constant reminder of God's presence and guidance.

Attached them
The phrase "attached them" indicates the careful and precise work involved in assembling the ephod. The Hebrew root קָשַׁר (qashar) means to bind or tie, suggesting a secure and intentional connection. This attachment signifies the unity and completeness required in the priestly garments, reflecting the perfection and orderliness of God's design. It also symbolizes the interconnectedness of the various elements of worship, each part playing a crucial role in the overall function of the tabernacle.

At its two corners
The "two corners" refer to the specific points where the shoulder pieces were fastened to the ephod. The Hebrew word פִּנָּה (pinah) for corner can also mean a chief or principal part, indicating the importance of these connections. This detail highlights the precision and intentionality in God's instructions, ensuring that every aspect of the priestly garments served a purpose. The corners represent stability and foundation, reminding us of the steadfastness of God's covenant with His people.

So that it could be fastened
The phrase "so that it could be fastened" emphasizes the functional aspect of the design, ensuring that the ephod was secure and properly fitted for the high priest. The Hebrew root חָזַק (chazaq) means to strengthen or make firm, indicating the durability and reliability of the garment. This fastening symbolizes the strength and security found in God's provision and the priest's role in maintaining the spiritual integrity of the nation. It serves as a metaphor for the believer's need to be firmly rooted in faith and obedience to God's commands.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
They made
עָֽשׂוּ־ (‘ā·śū-)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 6213: To do, make

shoulder pieces
כְּתֵפֹ֥ת (kə·ṯê·p̄ōṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 3802: The shoulder, side-piece, lateral projection of anything

for [the ephod],
ל֖וֹ (lōw)
Preposition | third person masculine singular
Strong's Hebrew

which were joined
חֹבְרֹ֑ת (ḥō·ḇə·rōṯ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - feminine plural
Strong's 2266: To unite, be joined, to tie a magic knot or spell, to charm

to
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

two
שְׁנֵ֥י (šə·nê)
Number - mdc
Strong's 8147: Two (a cardinal number)

of its corners
קְצוֹתָ֖יו (qə·ṣō·w·ṯāw)
Noun - feminine plural construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 7118: A termination, a portion, after

for fastening it.
חֻבָּֽר׃ (ḥub·bār)
Verb - Pual - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2266: To unite, be joined, to tie a magic knot or spell, to charm


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OT Law: Exodus 39:4 They made shoulder straps for it joined (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 39:3
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