Ezekiel 27:19
New International Version
and casks of wine from Izal in exchange for your wares: wrought iron, cassia and calamus.

New Living Translation
Greeks from Uzal came to trade for your merchandise. Wrought iron, cassia, and fragrant calamus were bartered for your wares.

English Standard Version
and casks of wine from Uzal they exchanged for your wares; wrought iron, cassia, and calamus were bartered for your merchandise.

Berean Standard Bible
and casks of wine from Izal for your wares. Wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were exchanged for your merchandise.

King James Bible
Dan also and Javan going to and fro occupied in thy fairs: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were in thy market.

New King James Version
Dan and Javan paid for your wares, traversing back and forth. Wrought iron, cassia, and cane were among your merchandise.

New American Standard Bible
Vedan and Javan paid for your merchandise from Uzal; wrought iron, cassia, and spice reed were among your merchandise.

NASB 1995
“Vedan and Javan paid for your wares from Uzal; wrought iron, cassia and sweet cane were among your merchandise.

NASB 1977
“Vedan and Javan paid for your wares from Uzal; wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were among your merchandise.

Legacy Standard Bible
Also Vedan and Javan paid for your wares from Uzal; wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were among your merchandise.

Amplified Bible
Vedan and Javan traded with yarn from Uzal [in Arabia] for your wares; wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were among your merchandise.

Christian Standard Bible
Vedan and Javan from Uzal dealt in your merchandise; wrought iron, cassia, and aromatic cane were exchanged for your goods.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Vedan and Javan from Uzal dealt in your merchandise; wrought iron, cassia, and aromatic cane were exchanged for your goods.

American Standard Version
Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were among thy merchandise.

Contemporary English Version
Vedan and Javan near Uzal traded you iron and spices.

English Revised Version
Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were among thy merchandise.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
" 'Danites and Greeks from Uzal traded for your merchandise. They exchanged wrought iron, cassia, and sugar cane for your goods.

International Standard Version
and casks of wine from Izal for your wrought iron, cassia wood, and aromatic reeds.

Majority Standard Bible
and casks of wine from Izal for your wares. Wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were exchanged for your merchandise.

NET Bible
and casks of wine from Izal they exchanged for your products. Wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were among your merchandise.

New Heart English Bible
Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for your wares: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were among your merchandise.

Webster's Bible Translation
Dan also and Javan going to and fro occupied in thy fairs: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were in thy market.

World English Bible
“‘“Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for your wares; wrought iron, cassia, and calamus were among your merchandise.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Dan and Javan go about with your wares, "" They have given shining iron, cassia, and cane, "" It has been in your merchandise.

Young's Literal Translation
Vedan and Javan go about with thy remnants, They have given shining iron, cassia, and cane, In thy merchandise it hath been.

Smith's Literal Translation
And Dan and Javan going away gave in thy markets: making iron, cassia and sweet cane was in thy traffic.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Dan, and Greece, and Mosel have set forth in thy marts wrought iron: stacte, and calamus were in thy market.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Dan, and Greece, and Mosel have offered works made of iron at your festivals. Storax ointment and sweet flag were in your marketplace.

New American Bible
Javan exchanged wrought iron, cassia, and aromatic cane from Uzal for your wares.

New Revised Standard Version
Vedan and Javan from Uzal entered into trade for your wares; wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were bartered for your merchandise.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Dan and Javan brought you merchandise to your markets from Usal, their iron ore, cassia, and cane.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Dan and Yavan from Uzal brought you iron that you work to sell, and wood and cassia and cane they brought to you for sale
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Vedan and Javan traded with yarn for thy wares; massive iron, cassia, and calamus, were among thy merchandise.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
Out of Asel came wrought iron, and there is the sound of wheels among thy trading population.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
A Lament for Tyre
18Because of your many products and your great wealth of goods, Damascus traded with you wine from Helbon, wool from Zahar, 19and casks of wine from Izal for your wares. Wrought iron, cassia, and sweet cane were exchanged for your merchandise. 20Dedan was your merchant in saddlecloths for riding.…

Cross References
Revelation 18:11-13
And the merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her, because there is no one left to buy their cargo— / cargo of gold, silver, precious stones, and pearls; of fine linen, purple, silk, and scarlet; of all kinds of citron wood and every article of ivory, precious wood, bronze, iron, and marble; / of cinnamon, spice, incense, myrrh, and frankincense; of wine, olive oil, fine flour, and wheat; of cattle, sheep, horses, and carriages; of bodies and souls of slaves.

Isaiah 23:1-18
This is the burden against Tyre: Wail, O ships of Tarshish, for Tyre is laid waste, without house or harbor. Word has reached them from the land of Cyprus. / Be silent, O dwellers of the coastland, you merchants of Sidon, whose traders have crossed the sea. / On the great waters came the grain of Shihor; the harvest of the Nile was the revenue of Tyre; she was the merchant of the nations. ...

Jeremiah 10:9
Hammered silver is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz—the work of a craftsman from the hands of a goldsmith. Their clothes are blue and purple, all fashioned by skilled workers.

1 Kings 10:22
For the king had the ships of Tarshish at sea with Hiram’s fleet, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.

2 Chronicles 9:21
For the king had the ships of Tarshish that went with Hiram’s servants, and once every three years the ships of Tarshish would arrive bearing gold, silver, ivory, apes, and peacocks.

Isaiah 60:6
Caravans of camels will cover your land, young camels of Midian and Ephah, and all from Sheba will come, bearing gold and frankincense and proclaiming the praises of the LORD.

Isaiah 66:19
I will establish a sign among them, and I will send survivors from among them to the nations—to Tarshish, Put, and the archers of Lud; to Tubal, Javan, and the islands far away who have not heard of My fame or seen My glory. So they will proclaim My glory among the nations.

Jeremiah 25:22
all the kings of Tyre and Sidon; the kings of the coastlands across the sea;

Ezekiel 26:12
They will plunder your wealth and pillage your merchandise. They will demolish your walls, tear down your beautiful homes, and throw your stones and timber and soil into the water.

Ezekiel 28:5
By your great skill in trading you have increased your wealth, but your heart has grown proud because of it.

Ezekiel 28:16
By the vastness of your trade, you were filled with violence, and you sinned. So I drove you in disgrace from the mountain of God, and I banished you, O guardian cherub, from among the fiery stones.

Ezekiel 28:18
By the multitude of your iniquities and the dishonesty of your trading you have profaned your sanctuaries. So I made fire come from within you, and it consumed you. I reduced you to ashes on the ground in the eyes of all who saw you.

Revelation 18:15-17
The merchants who sold these things and gained their wealth from her will stand at a distance, in fear of her torment. They will weep and mourn, / saying: “Woe, woe to the great city, clothed in fine linen and purple and scarlet, adorned with gold and precious stones and pearls! / For in a single hour such fabulous wealth has been destroyed!” Every shipmaster, passenger, and sailor, and all who make their living from the sea, will stand at a distance

Revelation 18:19
Then they will throw dust on their heads as they weep and mourn and cry out: “Woe, woe to the great city, where all who had ships on the sea were enriched by her wealth! For in a single hour she has been destroyed.”

Revelation 18:23
The light of a lamp will never shine in you again, and the voices of a bride and bridegroom will never call out in you again. For your merchants were the great ones of the earth, because all the nations were deceived by your sorcery.”


Treasury of Scripture

Dan also and Javan going to and fro occupied in your fairs: bright iron, cassia, and calamus, were in your market.

Dan

Judges 18:29
And they called the name of the city Dan, after the name of Dan their father, who was born unto Israel: howbeit the name of the city was Laish at the first.

going to and fro.

Exodus 30:23,24
Take thou also unto thee principal spices, of pure myrrh five hundred shekels, and of sweet cinnamon half so much, even two hundred and fifty shekels, and of sweet calamus two hundred and fifty shekels, …

Psalm 45:8
All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad.

Song of Solomon 4:13,14
Thy plants are an orchard of pomegranates, with pleasant fruits; camphire, with spikenard, …

Jump to Previous
Bartered Bright Calamus Cane Cassia Dan Danites Exchanged Fairs Fro Goods Greeks Iron Javan Market Markets Massive Merchandise Occupied Paid Polished Remnants Shining Spices Sweet Traded Traffic Uzal Wares Wine Wrought Yarn
Jump to Next
Bartered Bright Calamus Cane Cassia Dan Danites Exchanged Fairs Fro Goods Greeks Iron Javan Market Markets Massive Merchandise Occupied Paid Polished Remnants Shining Spices Sweet Traded Traffic Uzal Wares Wine Wrought Yarn
Ezekiel 27
1. The riches and commerce of Tyrus
26. The great and irrecoverable fall thereof














and casks of wine
The phrase "casks of wine" refers to containers used for storing and transporting wine, a valuable commodity in ancient trade. Wine was not only a staple beverage but also used in religious rituals and as a symbol of joy and celebration. The Hebrew word for wine, "yayin," is frequently mentioned in the Bible, indicating its importance in ancient Near Eastern culture. The use of "casks" suggests a well-developed trade system, as wine needed to be preserved and transported over long distances.

from Uzal
Uzal is identified as a region or city, traditionally associated with the ancient city of Sana'a in modern-day Yemen. This location was part of the incense trade route, indicating a connection between Ezekiel's audience and distant lands. The mention of Uzal highlights the extensive trade networks of the time, showcasing the interconnectedness of various cultures and economies. It also reflects the wealth and influence of Tyre, the city being addressed in this chapter, as it engaged in commerce with far-reaching regions.

they exchanged for your wares
The act of exchanging goods underscores the barter system prevalent in ancient economies. This phrase highlights the mutual benefit and cooperation between different peoples and nations. The Hebrew root "chalaph" conveys the idea of passing or changing, emphasizing the dynamic nature of trade. This exchange is a testament to the prosperity and strategic importance of Tyre as a major trading hub in the ancient world.

wrought iron
"Wrought iron" refers to iron that has been worked or shaped, indicating a level of technological advancement in metalworking. Iron was a crucial material for tools, weapons, and construction, symbolizing strength and durability. The Hebrew word "barzel" for iron is often associated with power and resilience in the Bible. The inclusion of wrought iron in the list of traded goods highlights the demand for durable materials and the skill of artisans in producing high-quality products.

cassia
Cassia is a spice derived from the bark of trees in the Cinnamomum family, similar to cinnamon. It was highly valued for its aromatic properties and used in perfumes, incense, and anointing oils. The Hebrew word "qiddah" indicates its significance in religious and cultural practices. Cassia's mention in trade emphasizes the desire for luxury items and the importance of fragrance in ancient societies, reflecting the opulence and sophistication of Tyre's trade.

and calamus
Calamus, or "qaneh" in Hebrew, is a fragrant reed used in perfumes and incense. It was a key ingredient in the sacred anointing oil described in Exodus 30:23. The inclusion of calamus in trade lists signifies its value and the role of aromatic substances in worship and daily life. The trade of calamus illustrates the blending of commerce and spirituality, as these goods were integral to both economic prosperity and religious observance.

(19) Dan also and Javan.--This is the only instance in this enumeration in which the name of a people is introduced with a conjunction. Besides this structural difficulty, there seems no appropriateness in the name Dan, a tribe of Israel long since carried into captivity. The city Dan was of quite too little prominence to be mentioned here. It is probable, therefore, that what our translators have taken for the conjunction is really a part of the name Vedan, a place in Arabia not elsewhere mentioned, but which some suppose to be Aden. Javan does not here stand for Greece, but for an Arabian place or tribe, which there is reason to think is Yemen.

Going to and fro.--The margin is better, Menzal, or rather--the first letter being a preposition--front Uzal, the ancient Sanaa, afterwards the capital of Yemen. Yemen was famous for its sword-blades, which may be meant by the bright (literally, wrought) iron, and also for its spices brought from India.

Verse 19. - Dan also; Hebrew, Vedan. The Authorized Version, following the Vulgate, takes the first syllable as the common conjunction "and;" but no other verse in the chapter begins in this way, and the Revised Version is probably right in giving the Hebrew word as its stands. Dan, it may be added, was hardly likely to have been singled out of all the tribes after the mention of Judah and Israel, especially as it had shared in the exile of the ten tribes. Smend identifies it with Waddan, between Mecca and Medina, or with Aden. Javan, too. already named in Ver. 13, can scarcely here be Greece, though it may possibly refer to Greek traders. It also has been identified conjecturally with an Arabian city. The words, going to and fro, have been rendered "from Uzal" (Genesis 10:27), the ancient name of the capital of Yemen, in Arabia; or, as in the Revised Version, with yarn. The bright iron describes the steel used for sword-blades, for which Yemen was famous. Cassia (Exodus 30:24; Psalm 45:8) and calamus (Exodus 30:23; Song of Solomon 4:14) both belong to the class of perfumes for which Arabia was famous. It is probably the Acorns fragraas, the "sweet cane" of Isaiah 43:24; Jeremiah 6:20.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
and casks of wine
וְדָ֤ן (wə·ḏān)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 1835: Dan -- 'judge', a son of Jacob, also a place in Northern Israel

from Izal
מְאוּזָּ֔ל (mə·’ūz·zāl)
Preposition-m | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 235: To go away, to disappear

for your wares.
בְּעִזְבוֹנַ֖יִךְ (bə·‘iz·ḇō·w·na·yiḵ)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine plural construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 5801: Trade, the place, the payment

Wrought
עָשׁוֹת֙ (‘ā·šō·wṯ)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 6219: Shining, polished

iron,
בַּרְזֶ֤ל (bar·zel)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 1270: Iron, an iron implement

cassia,
קִדָּ֣ה (qid·dāh)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 6916: Cassia bark

and sweet cane
וְקָנֶ֔ה (wə·qā·neh)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 7070: A reed, a, rod, shaft, tube, stem, the radius, beam

were exchanged
נָתָ֑נּוּ (nā·ṯān·nū)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

for your merchandise.
בְּמַעֲרָבֵ֖ךְ (bə·ma·‘ă·rā·ḇêḵ)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | second person feminine singular
Strong's 4627: Articles of exchange, merchandise


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OT Prophets: Ezekiel 27:19 Vedan and Javan traded with yarn (Ezek. Eze Ezk)
Ezekiel 27:18
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