Exodus 7:3
New International Version
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I multiply my signs and wonders in Egypt,

New Living Translation
But I will make Pharaoh’s heart stubborn so I can multiply my miraculous signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.

English Standard Version
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,

Berean Standard Bible
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,

King James Bible
And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

New King James Version
And I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.

New American Standard Bible
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, so that I may multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.

NASB 1995
“But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart that I may multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.

NASB 1977
“But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart that I may multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.

Legacy Standard Bible
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart with stiffness that I may multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.

Amplified Bible
And I will make Pharaoh’s heart hard, and multiply My signs and My wonders (miracles) in the land of Egypt.

Christian Standard Bible
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart and multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart and multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.

American Standard Version
And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

English Revised Version
And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
But I will make Pharaoh stubborn. Even though I will do many miraculous signs and amazing things in Egypt,

International Standard Version
I'll harden Pharaoh's heart and I'll add more and more of my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.

Majority Standard Bible
But I will harden Pharaoh?s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,

NET Bible
But I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and although I will multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt,

New Heart English Bible
I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

Webster's Bible Translation
And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

World English Bible
I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And I harden the heart of Pharaoh, and have multiplied My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt,

Young's Literal Translation
'And I harden the heart of Pharaoh, and have multiplied My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt,

Smith's Literal Translation
And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and I multiplied my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
But I shall harden his heart, and shall multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,

Catholic Public Domain Version
But I will harden his heart, and I will multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt,

New American Bible
Yet I will make Pharaoh so headstrong that, despite the many signs and wonders that I work in the land of Egypt,

New Revised Standard Version
But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and I will multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And I shall harden the heart of Pharaoh and I shall multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply My signs and My wonders in the land of Egypt.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And I will harden the heart of Pharao, and I will multiply my signs and wonders in the land of Egypt.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
God Commands Moses and Aaron
2You are to speak all that I command you, and your brother Aaron is to tell Pharaoh to let the Israelites go out of his land. 3But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart, and though I will multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt, 4Pharaoh will not listen to you. Then I will lay My hand on Egypt, and by mighty acts of judgment I will bring the divisions of My people the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.…

Cross References
Romans 9:17-18
For the Scripture says to Pharaoh: “I raised you up for this very purpose, that I might display My power in you, and that My name might be proclaimed in all the earth.” / Therefore God has mercy on whom He wants to have mercy, and He hardens whom He wants to harden.

Deuteronomy 2:30
But Sihon king of Heshbon would not let us pass through, for the LORD your God had made his spirit stubborn and his heart obstinate, that He might deliver him into your hand, as is the case this day.

Isaiah 63:17
Why, O LORD, do You make us stray from Your ways and harden our hearts from fearing You? Return, for the sake of Your servants, the tribes of Your heritage.

Joshua 11:20
For it was of the LORD to harden their hearts to engage Israel in battle, so that they would be set apart for destruction and would receive no mercy, being annihilated as the LORD had commanded Moses.

John 12:40
“He has blinded their eyes and hardened their hearts, so that they cannot see with their eyes, and understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.”

2 Thessalonians 2:11-12
For this reason God will send them a powerful delusion so that they believe the lie, / in order that judgment may come upon all who have disbelieved the truth and delighted in wickedness.

Isaiah 6:9-10
And He replied: “Go and tell this people, ‘Be ever hearing, but never understanding; be ever seeing, but never perceiving.’ / Make the hearts of this people calloused; deafen their ears and close their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn and be healed.”

Ezekiel 3:7
But the house of Israel will be unwilling to listen to you, since they are unwilling to listen to Me. For the whole house of Israel is hard-headed and hard-hearted.

Mark 4:11-12
He replied, “The mystery of the kingdom of God has been given to you, but to those on the outside everything is expressed in parables, / so that, ‘they may be ever seeing but never perceiving, and ever hearing but never understanding; otherwise they might turn and be forgiven.’”

2 Corinthians 3:14
But their minds were closed. For to this day the same veil remains at the reading of the old covenant. It has not been lifted, because only in Christ can it be removed.

Psalm 105:25
whose hearts He turned to hate His people, to conspire against His servants.

1 Samuel 6:6
Why harden your hearts as the Egyptians and Pharaoh hardened theirs? When He afflicted them, did they not send the people out so they could go on their way?

Matthew 13:14-15
In them the prophecy of Isaiah is fulfilled: ‘You will be ever hearing but never understanding; you will be ever seeing but never perceiving. / For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’

Acts 28:26-27
‘Go to this people and say, “You will be ever hearing but never understanding; you will be ever seeing but never perceiving.” / For this people’s heart has grown callous; they hardly hear with their ears, and they have closed their eyes. Otherwise they might see with their eyes, hear with their ears, understand with their hearts, and turn, and I would heal them.’

Proverbs 28:14
Blessed is the man who is always reverent, but he who hardens his heart falls into trouble.


Treasury of Scripture

And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

And I

Exodus 4:21,29
And the LORD said unto Moses, When thou goest to return into Egypt, see that thou do all those wonders before Pharaoh, which I have put in thine hand: but I will harden his heart, that he shall not let the people go…

multiply

Exodus 4:7
And he said, Put thine hand into thy bosom again. And he put his hand into his bosom again; and plucked it out of his bosom, and, behold, it was turned again as his other flesh.

Exodus 9:16
And in very deed for this cause have I raised thee up, for to shew in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth.

Exodus 11:9
And the LORD said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you; that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.

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Egypt Hard Harden Heart Increased Miraculous Multiplied Multiply Pharaoh Pharaoh's Render Signs Wonders
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Egypt Hard Harden Heart Increased Miraculous Multiplied Multiply Pharaoh Pharaoh's Render Signs Wonders
Exodus 7
1. Moses and Aaron are encouraged to go again to Pharaoh
8. Aaron's rod is turned into a serpent
11. The sorcerers do the like; but their rods are swallowed up by Aaron's
13. Pharaoh's heart is hardened
14. God's message to Pharaoh
19. The river is turned into blood; and the consequent distress of the Egyptians














But I will harden
The phrase "I will harden" comes from the Hebrew word "חָזַק" (chazaq), which means to strengthen, make firm, or harden. In the context of Exodus, this action by God is not merely about making Pharaoh stubborn but is part of a divine plan to demonstrate His power and sovereignty. The hardening of Pharaoh's heart is a recurring theme in Exodus, emphasizing God's control over human affairs and His ability to use even the resistance of rulers to fulfill His purposes. This hardening serves as a backdrop for the unfolding of God's redemptive plan for Israel, showcasing His might and justice.

Pharaoh’s heart
The "heart" in Hebrew thought is not just the seat of emotions but the center of intellect, will, and moral decision-making. Pharaoh's heart represents his entire being and decision-making process. By hardening Pharaoh's heart, God is engaging with Pharaoh's will, allowing Pharaoh's own pride and obstinacy to be the means through which God's glory is revealed. This interaction between divine sovereignty and human responsibility is a profound mystery, illustrating the depth of God's wisdom and the complexity of His plans.

and though I multiply
The word "multiply" is derived from the Hebrew "רָבָה" (ravah), meaning to increase or make numerous. God's intention to multiply His signs and wonders is a demonstration of His power and a direct challenge to the Egyptian pantheon and Pharaoh's authority. The multiplication of signs is not just for Pharaoh's benefit but also for the Israelites and the surrounding nations, to witness the supremacy of the God of Israel. This multiplication signifies the abundance of God's power and His relentless pursuit of His people's freedom.

My signs and wonders
"Signs and wonders" are miraculous events that serve as evidence of divine intervention. In the Hebrew context, "signs" (אוֹת, oth) often point to something beyond themselves, serving as a divine message or proof of God's involvement. "Wonders" (מוֹפֵת, mopheth) are extraordinary events that inspire awe and reveal God's power. Together, they are a testament to God's active presence in the world, challenging the natural order and the gods of Egypt. These acts are not random but purposeful, designed to reveal God's character and His covenant faithfulness to Israel.

in the land of Egypt
The "land of Egypt" is not just a geographical location but a symbol of oppression and idolatry. Egypt, in the biblical narrative, represents a world system opposed to God's purposes. By performing signs and wonders in Egypt, God is asserting His dominion over all creation and challenging the spiritual and political powers of the time. This setting underscores the cosmic battle between the God of Israel and the false gods of Egypt, highlighting the theme of liberation and the establishment of God's kingdom on earth. The events in Egypt serve as a foundational account for Israel's identity and faith, reminding them of God's deliverance and sovereignty.

(3) I will harden Pharaoh's heart.--See the comment on Exodus 4:21.

My signs and my wonders.--"Signs" ('othoth) were miracles done as credentials, to prove a mission (Exodus 4:8-9; Exodus 4:30). "Wonders" (mophoth) were miracles generally; niphle'oth, also translated" wonders" (Exodus 3:20), were miracles, wrought in the way of punishment. These last are called also shophetiin, "judgments." (See Exodus 7:4.) . . .

Verse 3. - I will harden Pharaoh's heart. See the comment on Exodus 4:21. And multiply my signs and my wonders. The idea of a long series of miracles is here, for the first time, distinctly introduced. Three signs had been given (Exodus 4:3-9); one further miracle had been mentioned (ib. 23). Now a multiplication of signs and wonders is promised. Compare Exodus 3:20, and Exodus 6:6, which, however, are not so explicit as the present passage.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
But I
וַאֲנִ֥י (wa·’ă·nî)
Conjunctive waw | Pronoun - first person common singular
Strong's 589: I

will harden
אַקְשֶׁ֖ה (’aq·šeh)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 7185: To be hard, severe or fierce

Pharaoh’s
פַּרְעֹ֑ה (par·‘ōh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 6547: Pharaoh -- a title of Egypt kings

heart,
לֵ֣ב (lêḇ)
Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3820: The heart, the feelings, the will, the intellect, centre

and though I will multiply
וְהִרְבֵּיתִ֧י (wə·hir·bê·ṯî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Conjunctive perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 7235: To be or become much, many or great

My signs
אֹתֹתַ֛י (’ō·ṯō·ṯay)
Noun - common plural construct | first person common singular
Strong's 226: A signal, as a, flag, beacon, monument, omen, prodigy, evidence

and wonders
מוֹפְתַ֖י (mō·wp̄·ṯay)
Noun - masculine plural construct | first person common singular
Strong's 4159: A miracle, a token, omen

in the land
בְּאֶ֥רֶץ (bə·’e·reṣ)
Preposition-b | Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 776: Earth, land

of Egypt,
מִצְרָֽיִם׃ (miṣ·rā·yim)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 4714: Egypt -- a son of Ham, also his descendants and their country in Northwest Africa


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OT Law: Exodus 7:3 I will harden Pharaoh's heart and multiply (Exo. Ex)
Exodus 7:2
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