Deuteronomy 21:3
New International Version
Then the elders of the town nearest the body shall take a heifer that has never been worked and has never worn a yoke

New Living Translation
When the nearest town has been determined, that town’s elders must select from the herd a heifer that has never been trained or yoked to a plow.

English Standard Version
And the elders of the city that is nearest to the slain man shall take a heifer that has never been worked and that has not pulled in a yoke.

Berean Standard Bible
Then the elders of the city nearest the victim shall take a heifer that has never been yoked or used for work,

King James Bible
And it shall be, that the city which is next unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take an heifer, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke;

New King James Version
And it shall be that the elders of the city nearest to the slain man will take a heifer which has not been worked and which has not pulled with a yoke.

New American Standard Bible
And it shall be that the city which is nearest to the person killed, that is, that the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd that has not been worked and has not pulled in a yoke;

NASB 1995
“It shall be that the city which is nearest to the slain man, that is, the elders of that city, shall take a heifer of the herd, which has not been worked and which has not pulled in a yoke;

NASB 1977
“And it shall be that the city which is nearest to the slain man, that is, the elders of that city, shall take a heifer of the herd, which has not been worked and which has not pulled in a yoke;

Legacy Standard Bible
And it shall be that the city which is nearest to the slain man, that is, the elders of that city, shall take a heifer of the herd, which has not been worked and which has not pulled in a yoke;

Amplified Bible
It shall be that the elders of the city which is nearest to the dead man shall take a heifer of the herd, one which has not been worked and which has not pulled in a yoke;

Christian Standard Bible
The elders of the city nearest to the victim are to get a young cow that has not been yoked or used for work.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The elders of the city nearest to the victim are to get a young cow that has not been yoked or used for work.

American Standard Version
and it shall be, that the city which is nearest unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke;

Contemporary English Version
The leaders from that town will go to their cattle herds and choose a young cow that has never been put to work.

English Revised Version
and it shall be, that the city which is nearest unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take an heifer of the herd, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
When it has been determined which city is nearest the body, the leaders from that city must choose a heifer that has never been put to work and never worn a yoke.

Good News Translation
Then the leaders of the town nearest to where the body was found are to select a young cow that has never been used for work.

International Standard Version
Then the elders of the city nearest the body are to take a heifer that hasn't been put to work or hasn't pulled a yoke

Majority Standard Bible
Then the elders of the city nearest the victim shall take a heifer that has never been yoked or used for work,

NET Bible
Then the elders of the city nearest to the corpse must take from the herd a heifer that has not been worked--that has never pulled with the yoke--

New Heart English Bible
and it shall be, that the city which is nearest to the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd, which hasn't been worked with, and which has not drawn in the yoke;

Webster's Bible Translation
And it shall be that the city which is next to the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take a heifer which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke;

World English Bible
It shall be that the elders of the city which is nearest to the slain man shall take a heifer of the herd, which hasn’t been worked with and which has not drawn in the yoke.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
and it has been, the city which [is] near to the slain one, even [the] elderly of that city have taken a heifer of the herd, which has not been worked with, which has not drawn in a yoke,

Young's Literal Translation
and it hath been, the city which is near unto the slain one, even the elders of that city have taken a heifer of the herd, which hath not been wrought with, which hath not drawn in the yoke,

Smith's Literal Translation
And it was the the city being near to the wounded, and the old men of the city took a heifer of the kine which was not worked with, and drew not in the yoke:
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And the ancients of that city which they shall perceive to be nearer than the rest, shall take a heifer of the herd, that hath not drawn in the yoke, nor ploughed the ground,

Catholic Public Domain Version
And in whichever one they perceive to be closer than the others, the elders shall take a calf from the herd, one which has not pulled with a yoke, nor tilled with a plow.

New American Bible
When it is established which city is nearest the corpse, the elders of that city shall take a heifer that has never been put to work or worn a yoke;

New Revised Standard Version
The elders of the town nearest the body shall take a heifer that has never been worked, one that has not pulled in the yoke;
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And the elders of the city which is nearest to the slain man shall take a heifer which has never been used for work nor has pulled in the yoke,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And the city that is near him that was killed, the Elders of that city shall bring a heifer of an ox that has not pulled anything and has not pulled in a yoke;
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And it shall be, that the city which is nearest unto the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd, which hath not been wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
and it shall be that the city which is nearest to the slain man the elders of that city shall take a heifer of the herd, which has not laboured, and which has not borne a yoke.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
The Atonement for an Unsolved Murder
2your elders and judges must come out and measure the distance from the victim to the neighboring cities. 3Then the elders of the city nearest the victim shall take a heifer that has never been yoked or used for work, 4bring the heifer to a valley with running water that has not been plowed or sown, and break its neck there by the stream.…

Cross References
Numbers 19:2
“This is the statute of the law that the LORD has commanded: Instruct the Israelites to bring you an unblemished red heifer that has no defect and has never been placed under a yoke.

1 Samuel 6:7
Now, therefore, prepare one new cart with two milk cows that have never been yoked. Hitch the cows to the cart, but take their calves away and pen them up.

Leviticus 4:3
If the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt on the people, he must bring to the LORD a young bull without blemish as a sin offering for the sin he has committed.

Leviticus 4:14
when they become aware of the sin they have committed, then the assembly must bring a young bull as a sin offering and present it before the Tent of Meeting.

Leviticus 4:23
When he becomes aware of the sin he has committed, he must bring an unblemished male goat as his offering.

Leviticus 4:28
When he becomes aware of the sin he has committed, he must bring an unblemished female goat as his offering for that sin.

Leviticus 9:2
He said to Aaron, “Take for yourself a young bull for a sin offering and a ram for a burnt offering, both without blemish, and present them before the LORD.

1 Samuel 16:2
“How can I go?” Samuel asked. “Saul will hear of it and kill me!” The LORD answered, “Take a heifer with you and say, ‘I have come to sacrifice to the LORD.’

1 Kings 1:33
“Take my servants with you,” said the king. “Set my son Solomon on my own mule and take him down to Gihon.

1 Kings 1:38-39
Then Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah son of Jehoiada, along with the Cherethites and Pelethites, went down and set Solomon on King David’s mule, and they escorted him to Gihon. / Zadok the priest took the horn of oil from the tabernacle and anointed Solomon. Then they blew the ram’s horn, and all the people proclaimed, “Long live King Solomon!”

1 Kings 19:19
So Elijah departed and found Elisha son of Shaphat. He was plowing with twelve teams of oxen, and he was with the twelfth team. Elijah passed by him and threw his cloak around him.

Matthew 21:2-3
saying to them, “Go into the village ahead of you, and at once you will find a donkey tied there, with her colt beside her. Untie them and bring them to Me. / If anyone questions you, tell him that the Lord needs them, and he will send them right away.”

Mark 11:2-3
and said to them, “Go into the village ahead of you, and as soon as you enter it, you will find a colt tied there, on which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it here. / If anyone asks, ‘Why are you doing this?’ tell him, ‘The Lord needs it and will return it shortly.’”

Luke 19:30-31
saying, “Go into the village ahead of you, and as you enter it, you will find a colt tied there, on which no one has ever sat. Untie it and bring it here. / If anyone asks, ‘Why are you untying it?’ tell him, ‘The Lord needs it.’”

John 12:14-15
Finding a young donkey, Jesus sat on it, as it is written: / “Do not be afraid, O Daughter of Zion. See, your King is coming, seated on the colt of a donkey.”


Treasury of Scripture

And it shall be, that the city which is next to the slain man, even the elders of that city shall take an heifer, which has not been worked with, and which has not drawn in the yoke;

an

Numbers 19:2
This is the ordinance of the law which the LORD hath commanded, saying, Speak unto the children of Israel, that they bring thee a red heifer without spot, wherein is no blemish, and upon which never came yoke:

Jeremiah 31:18
I have surely heard Ephraim bemoaning himself thus; Thou hast chastised me, and I was chastised, as a bullock unaccustomed to the yoke: turn thou me, and I shall be turned; for thou art the LORD my God.

Matthew 11:28-30
Come unto me, all ye that labour and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest…

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Deuteronomy 21
1. The Atonement for an Unsolved Murder
10. The usage of a captive taken to wife
15. The firstborn is not to be disinherited upon private affection
18. A rebellious son is to be stoned to death
22. The malefactor must not hang all night on a tree














Then the elders of the city
The term "elders" refers to the respected leaders or senior figures within the community. In ancient Israel, elders were often responsible for making important decisions and maintaining order. Their involvement in this ritual underscores the communal responsibility for justice and purity. The Hebrew word for "elders" is "זְקֵנִים" (zekenim), which conveys wisdom and authority. This highlights the importance of leadership in addressing communal issues and ensuring that justice is served.

nearest the victim
This phrase indicates the proximity of the city to the crime, suggesting a sense of responsibility and accountability for the nearest community. In ancient times, the concept of community was deeply rooted in geographical proximity, and the nearest city was expected to take responsibility for unresolved crimes. This reflects the biblical principle of collective responsibility and the importance of community involvement in seeking justice.

shall take a heifer
The heifer, a young female cow, is central to the ritual described in this passage. In Hebrew, the word for heifer is "עֶגְלָה" (eglah). The choice of a heifer, which is a valuable and innocent animal, symbolizes the seriousness of the crime and the community's commitment to atonement. The heifer's role in the ritual underscores the sacrificial system in ancient Israel, where animals were often used to atone for sins and seek reconciliation with God.

that has never been yoked
The requirement that the heifer has "never been yoked" signifies purity and innocence. In biblical times, a yoke was used to harness animals for work, and an unyoked heifer represents an unblemished and untainted offering. This mirrors the biblical theme of offering God the best and most pure sacrifices, as seen in other sacrificial laws. The unyoked heifer symbolizes a fresh start and the hope for divine intervention in resolving the crime.

never used for work
This phrase emphasizes the heifer's purity and suitability for the ritual. In Hebrew culture, animals used for work were considered less suitable for sacrificial purposes. The heifer's lack of prior labor signifies its dedication solely to this sacred purpose. This reflects the broader biblical principle that offerings to God should be free from prior obligations or blemishes, highlighting the importance of giving God our best and most dedicated offerings.

Verse 3. - An heifer, which hath not boon wrought with, and which hath not drawn in the yoke; a young cow which had not been rendered unfit for consecration, nor had its vital force impaired, by being subjected to forced labor (cf. Numbers 19:2).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Then
וְהָיָ֣ה (wə·hā·yāh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

the elders
זִקְנֵי֩ (ziq·nê)
Adjective - masculine plural construct
Strong's 2205: Old

of the city
הָעִ֔יר (hā·‘îr)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5892: Excitement

nearest
הַקְּרֹבָ֖ה (haq·qə·rō·ḇāh)
Article | Adjective - feminine singular
Strong's 7138: Near

the victim
הֶחָלָ֑ל (he·ḥā·lāl)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 2491: Pierced, polluted

shall take
וְלָֽקְח֡וּ (wə·lā·qə·ḥū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person common plural
Strong's 3947: To take

a heifer
עֶגְלַ֣ת (‘eḡ·laṯ)
Noun - feminine singular construct
Strong's 5697: A, calf, one nearly grown

that
אֲשֶׁ֤ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

has never
לֹֽא־ (lō-)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

been yoked
בְּעֹֽל׃ (bə·‘ōl)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 5923: A yoke

or used for work,
עֻבַּד֙ (‘ub·baḏ)
Verb - QalPass - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5647: To work, to serve, till, enslave


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OT Law: Deuteronomy 21:3 And it shall be that the city (Deut. De Du)
Deuteronomy 21:2
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