My son,
This phrase indicates a paternal or mentoring relationship, suggesting wisdom being passed from a father to a son or a teacher to a student. It reflects the familial and communal nature of ancient Israelite society, where wisdom was often shared orally within the family unit. This approach is consistent with the broader context of Proverbs, which frequently uses familial language to convey moral and ethical teachings.

if you have put up security for your neighbor,
In ancient times, putting up security meant guaranteeing someone else's debt or obligation. This was a serious commitment, as it could lead to financial ruin if the neighbor defaulted. The Bible often warns against such practices (Proverbs 11:15, 17:18, 22:26-27) because they can lead to entanglement in another's financial troubles. This reflects the biblical principle of stewardship and the importance of managing one's resources wisely.

if you have struck hands in pledge with a stranger,
Striking hands was a customary way to seal an agreement or contract, similar to a handshake today. In the ancient Near East, this act symbolized a binding commitment. The mention of a "stranger" highlights the risk involved, as it implies entering into an agreement with someone outside one's immediate community or family, where trust and accountability might be less assured. This phrase underscores the biblical caution against hasty or unwise commitments, especially with those who are not well-known or trusted.

if you have been trapped by the words of your lips
This phrase highlights the power and potential danger of spoken words. In biblical context, words are seen as powerful tools that can either build up or destroy (Proverbs 18:21). The imagery of being "trapped" suggests a situation where one's own speech has led to unintended consequences, reflecting the wisdom literature's emphasis on careful speech. Historically, in ancient Israel, oaths and promises were binding, and breaking them could lead to severe social and legal repercussions (Numbers 30:2). This phrase serves as a warning to be mindful of what one says, as words can create obligations that are difficult to escape.

ensnared by the words of your mouth
The term "ensnared" further emphasizes the idea of being caught or entangled by one's own speech. This can be connected to the broader biblical theme of integrity and truthfulness (James 3:2-12). The mouth, as a source of speech, is often depicted in Scripture as a reflection of the heart's condition (Matthew 12:34). In the cultural context of the ancient Near East, verbal agreements were as binding as written contracts, and failing to fulfill them could damage one's reputation and relationships. This phrase underscores the importance of wisdom and discernment in communication, aligning with the teachings of Jesus, who emphasized the significance of every word spoken (Matthew 12:36-37).

then do this, my son, to free yourself
This phrase introduces a sense of urgency and action. The term "my son" reflects the paternal tone of Proverbs, emphasizing wisdom as a familial inheritance. The call to "free yourself" suggests a situation of entrapment or obligation, likely due to a rash commitment or pledge. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of seeking freedom from sin and folly, as seen in Galatians 5:1, which speaks of Christ setting believers free.

for you have fallen into your neighbor’s hands
The imagery of falling into a neighbor's hands indicates a loss of control or autonomy, often due to financial or social obligations. In ancient Israel, such situations could arise from pledging security for another's debt, a common practice that could lead to servitude if not resolved. This reflects the cultural and historical context where community and neighborly relations were vital, yet could also become sources of entrapment, as seen in the parable of the Good Samaritan (Luke 10:25-37), which highlights the complexities of neighborly duties.

Go, humble yourself
The directive to "humble yourself" underscores the importance of humility in resolving conflicts and obligations. Humility is a recurring biblical virtue, essential for reconciliation and restoration, as seen in James 4:10, which promises that God will lift up those who humble themselves. This act of humility is not just a personal virtue but a strategic move to restore relationships and honor.

and press your plea with your neighbor
This phrase emphasizes proactive engagement and negotiation. The act of pressing one's plea involves earnest communication and persistence, reflecting the biblical principle of seeking peace and resolution, as encouraged in Matthew 5:23-24, where reconciliation is prioritized before worship. The cultural context of ancient Israel valued direct communication and resolution of disputes, often conducted at city gates or public forums, highlighting the communal aspect of justice and reconciliation.

Allow no sleep to your eyes
This phrase emphasizes urgency and diligence. In the context of Proverbs, it is a call to action, urging the reader to address pressing matters without delay. The cultural backdrop of ancient Israel placed a high value on wisdom and prudence, often associating laziness with folly. This urgency can be seen in other biblical passages, such as Proverbs 24:33-34, which warns against the consequences of slothfulness. The call to avoid sleep until a task is completed reflects the biblical principle of stewardship and responsibility, reminding believers to be vigilant and proactive in their spiritual and daily lives.

or slumber to your eyelids
The repetition of the idea with different wording underscores the importance of the message. In Hebrew poetry, parallelism is a common device used to reinforce a concept. Here, "slumber" adds depth to the idea of rest, suggesting a deeper, more prolonged state of inactivity. This phrase can be connected to the New Testament, where believers are encouraged to be spiritually awake and alert, as seen in 1 Thessalonians 5:6. The imagery of keeping one's eyes open serves as a metaphor for spiritual vigilance, a theme that resonates throughout Scripture. This vigilance is also a type of Christ, who exemplified watchfulness and readiness in His earthly ministry, urging His followers to do likewise.

Free yourself
This phrase emphasizes the urgency and necessity of taking immediate action to escape a perilous situation. In the context of Proverbs 6, it follows advice on avoiding entanglements such as financial pledges or debts that can lead to ruin. The call to "free yourself" suggests personal responsibility and initiative, aligning with biblical themes of wisdom and prudence. It echoes the broader biblical narrative of liberation, such as the Israelites' exodus from Egypt, where God provided a way out of bondage, but the people had to choose to follow.

like a gazelle from the hand of the hunter
The gazelle is known for its speed and agility, traits that are essential for escaping predators. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the gazelle was a common symbol of swiftness and grace. This imagery underscores the need for quick and decisive action to avoid danger. The "hand of the hunter" represents a trap or a situation designed to capture and harm, much like sin or foolish decisions can ensnare a person. This phrase can be connected to other scriptures that warn against the snares of sin, such as Psalm 124:7, which speaks of escaping the fowler's snare.

like a bird from the snare of the fowler
Birds are often used in scripture to symbolize freedom and the soul's desire to soar above earthly troubles. The "snare of the fowler" is a metaphor for traps set by those who wish to capture or harm. In biblical times, fowlers used various methods to catch birds, which required cunning and deceit, paralleling how sin and temptation can subtly entrap individuals. This imagery is reminiscent of Psalm 91:3, where God promises to deliver from the snare of the fowler, highlighting divine protection and the importance of seeking God's wisdom to avoid life's pitfalls.

Walk in the manner of the ant, O slacker;
The ant is used as a model of diligence and industriousness. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, ants were often observed for their hard work and ability to prepare for the future. The term "slacker" refers to someone who is lazy or idle, a common theme in wisdom literature that warns against the dangers of laziness. The Bible frequently contrasts the diligent with the lazy, emphasizing the importance of hard work (Proverbs 10:4, Proverbs 12:24). The ant's behavior is a practical example of the virtues of foresight and preparation, which are valued in biblical teachings.

observe its ways and become wise.
Observing the ant's ways implies careful study and reflection on its behavior. Wisdom in the biblical sense is not just knowledge but the application of knowledge in a way that aligns with God's will. The ant's ability to work without supervision and its foresight in gathering food for the future are qualities that the Bible encourages believers to emulate. This call to wisdom is echoed throughout Proverbs, where wisdom is personified and portrayed as a path to life and prosperity (Proverbs 3:13-18). The ant's example serves as a reminder that wisdom often comes from observing and learning from God's creation.

Without a commander
This phrase highlights the ant's ability to work diligently and effectively without the need for external leadership or supervision. In the biblical context, this serves as a metaphor for self-discipline and personal responsibility. The ant's behavior contrasts with the sluggard, who requires constant prodding and oversight. This concept is echoed in the New Testament, where believers are encouraged to work out their salvation with fear and trembling (Philippians 2:12), emphasizing personal initiative in spiritual growth.

Without an overseer
The absence of an overseer suggests a level of maturity and wisdom in the ant's actions. In ancient Israel, overseers were often appointed to manage laborers and ensure productivity, as seen in the construction of the Temple under Solomon (1 Kings 5:16). The ant's ability to function without such oversight implies a natural inclination towards industriousness and foresight. This can be seen as a call for believers to develop an internal moral compass guided by the Holy Spirit, rather than relying solely on external enforcement of rules.

Or ruler
The lack of a ruler further emphasizes the ant's self-governance. In the historical context of the Bible, rulers were necessary for maintaining order and justice, as seen in the role of judges and kings in Israel. However, the ant's example suggests that true wisdom and diligence come from within, not from imposed authority. This aligns with the biblical principle that God desires His people to be self-governing under His law, as seen in the promise of the New Covenant where God's laws are written on the hearts of believers (Jeremiah 31:33). The ant's behavior can be seen as a type of Christ, who perfectly fulfilled the law and acted in complete obedience to the Father without the need for human authority.

it prepares its provisions in summer;
This phrase highlights the ant's foresight and diligence, serving as a model for human behavior. In the ancient Near East, summer was a time of abundance, and the ant's preparation during this season reflects wisdom in utilizing available resources. Biblically, this aligns with the principle of stewardship found throughout Scripture, such as in Genesis 41:34-36, where Joseph advises Pharaoh to store grain during the seven years of plenty. The ant's actions can be seen as a metaphor for spiritual preparedness, echoing Jesus' parable of the ten virgins in Matthew 25:1-13, where readiness is crucial. The ant's industrious nature also mirrors the call to work diligently as unto the Lord, as stated in Colossians 3:23.

it gathers its food at harvest.
The gathering of food at harvest time underscores the importance of timing and seizing opportunities. In the agrarian society of ancient Israel, harvest was a critical period, and failure to gather crops could lead to famine. This reflects the biblical theme of reaping what one sows, as seen in Galatians 6:7-9, emphasizing the consequences of one's actions. The ant's behavior is a practical example of wisdom, contrasting with the sluggard's neglect, as described in Proverbs 6:9-11. Spiritually, this can be related to the harvest of souls, as Jesus speaks of in Matthew 9:37-38, urging believers to be active in God's work. The ant's diligence serves as a reminder of the need for spiritual vigilance and readiness for the final harvest at Christ's return, as depicted in Revelation 14:15.

How long will you lie there, O slacker?
This phrase addresses the issue of laziness, a recurring theme in Proverbs. The term "slacker" refers to someone who is habitually lazy or avoids work. In the ancient Near Eastern context, diligence was crucial for survival, as agriculture and manual labor were the primary means of livelihood. The rhetorical question "How long" implies a sense of urgency and impatience, suggesting that prolonged inactivity is not only unwise but also detrimental. This echoes the biblical principle found in Proverbs 10:4, which states that "lazy hands make for poverty, but diligent hands bring wealth." The call to action is a reminder of the value of hard work and the dangers of idleness, which can lead to poverty and ruin.

When will you get up from your sleep?
The second phrase continues the theme of laziness by focusing on the act of sleeping as a metaphor for inactivity and neglect of responsibilities. In biblical times, sleep was necessary for rest, but excessive sleep was seen as a sign of slothfulness. The question "When will you get up" challenges the individual to take initiative and responsibility. This is consistent with the biblical teaching in Proverbs 24:33-34, which warns that "a little sleep, a little slumber, a little folding of the hands to rest—and poverty will come on you like a thief." The imagery of sleep is also used in the New Testament, where believers are urged to "wake up" from spiritual complacency (Romans 13:11). This phrase serves as a call to spiritual and practical vigilance, encouraging believers to be active and purposeful in their lives.

A little sleep
This phrase highlights the danger of complacency and laziness. In the biblical context, sleep is often used metaphorically to represent spiritual apathy or neglect of one's duties. Proverbs frequently warns against laziness, as seen in Proverbs 24:33-34, which mirrors this passage. The idea is that even a small amount of neglect can lead to significant consequences. Historically, the agrarian society of ancient Israel required diligence and hard work for survival, making laziness particularly detrimental.

A little slumber
The repetition of "a little" emphasizes the incremental nature of falling into laziness. Slumber suggests a deeper state of inactivity than mere sleep, indicating a progression from temporary rest to habitual idleness. This can be connected to the New Testament, where believers are urged to be vigilant and active in their faith, as in 1 Thessalonians 5:6, which calls for alertness and sobriety. The cultural context of the time valued industriousness, and slumber was seen as a threat to personal and communal prosperity.

A little folding of the hands to rest
This imagery of folding hands suggests a deliberate choice to cease activity. In biblical times, hands were symbolic of work and action, so folding them implies a conscious decision to avoid responsibility. This can be seen as a warning against the temptation to seek comfort and ease over diligence and duty. The phrase echoes the wisdom literature's broader theme of contrasting the wise and the foolish, as seen in Ecclesiastes 10:18, where laziness leads to decay. Theologically, it serves as a reminder of the call to stewardship and the importance of using one's time and resources wisely in service to God.

and poverty will come upon you like a robber
This phrase warns of the sudden and unexpected nature of poverty that results from laziness or neglect. In the biblical context, the imagery of a "robber" suggests an element of surprise and inevitability. The Bible often uses the metaphor of a thief to describe unexpected events (1 Thessalonians 5:2). The agricultural society of ancient Israel relied heavily on diligent work for survival, and neglecting one's duties could lead to dire consequences. This warning aligns with the broader biblical theme that diligence leads to prosperity, while laziness results in lack (Proverbs 10:4).

and need like a bandit
The term "bandit" emphasizes the aggressive and forceful nature of need when it arrives. In ancient times, bandits were a common threat, often attacking travelers and villages, leaving them in dire straits. This imagery underscores the idea that need can be as relentless and destructive as a bandit raid. The Bible frequently contrasts the outcomes of wisdom and folly, with wisdom leading to security and folly to ruin (Proverbs 21:5). This phrase serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of ignoring wisdom and the diligent pursuit of one's responsibilities.

A worthless person
In biblical terms, the word "worthless" often refers to someone who is morally corrupt or lacking in integrity. The Hebrew word used here is "Belial," which is also used in other parts of the Old Testament to describe individuals who are rebellious against God (e.g., 1 Samuel 2:12). This term is associated with idolatry and lawlessness, indicating a person who has rejected divine authority. In the New Testament, "Belial" is used as a name for Satan (2 Corinthians 6:15), further emphasizing the spiritual danger of such a character.

A wicked man
"Wicked" in this context refers to someone who actively engages in evil deeds. The Hebrew word "rasha" is used, which denotes someone who is guilty of sin and injustice. This phrase highlights the moral and ethical failings of the individual, aligning with the broader biblical theme that wickedness leads to destruction (Proverbs 10:27-29). The wicked man is contrasted with the righteous throughout Proverbs, emphasizing the consequences of living a life contrary to God's commandments.

Walks with a perverse mouth
The phrase "walks with a perverse mouth" suggests a lifestyle characterized by deceit and corruption. In biblical literature, "walking" often symbolizes one's way of life or conduct (Psalm 1:1). A "perverse mouth" indicates speech that is twisted, dishonest, or misleading. This aligns with other scriptures that warn against the power of the tongue to cause harm (James 3:5-6). The emphasis on speech reflects the biblical understanding that words reveal the condition of the heart (Matthew 12:34). The perverse mouth is a tool of the wicked, used to spread falsehood and sow discord, which is condemned throughout the wisdom literature.

winking his eyes
In biblical times, winking was often associated with deceit and cunning. It was a non-verbal gesture used to communicate secretive or dishonest intentions. In the context of Proverbs, winking the eyes can be seen as a subtle way of signaling to others to join in on a deceitful plan. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of warning against deceit and the importance of integrity, as seen in passages like Psalm 101:7, which emphasizes the rejection of deceitful behavior. The act of winking as a form of communication highlights the cultural understanding of body language in ancient times, where such gestures could convey complex messages without words.

speaking with his feet
The phrase "speaking with his feet" suggests a form of communication through actions rather than words. In the ancient Near Eastern context, this could imply moving stealthily or using one's movements to convey intentions, often of a deceptive nature. This aligns with the biblical emphasis on the importance of one's walk or way of life, as seen in passages like Proverbs 4:26-27, which advises careful consideration of one's path. The imagery of feet in scripture often symbolizes one's journey or conduct, and here it underscores the idea that actions can reveal one's true character and intentions, even when words do not.

and pointing with his fingers
Pointing with fingers in this context is another non-verbal gesture that indicates directing or signaling others, often in a conspiratorial or accusatory manner. In the cultural and historical setting of the Bible, such gestures could be used to manipulate or control situations without overt speech. This aligns with the biblical warnings against sowing discord and the destructive power of divisive actions, as seen in Proverbs 6:14-19, which lists behaviors that the Lord detests, including sowing discord among brothers. The act of pointing can also be seen as a metaphor for assigning blame or directing attention away from oneself, a behavior contrary to the humility and truthfulness encouraged in scripture.

With deceit in his heart
This phrase highlights the internal nature of sin, emphasizing that deceit originates from within. Biblically, the heart is often seen as the center of thought and intention (Jeremiah 17:9). The deceitful heart is contrasted with the pure heart that God desires (Psalm 51:10). In the cultural context of ancient Israel, the heart was not just the seat of emotions but also the will and intellect, indicating that deceit is a deliberate choice.

he devises evil;
The act of devising evil suggests premeditation and intentionality. This aligns with the broader biblical theme that sin is not merely an impulsive act but often a calculated decision (Genesis 6:5). The Hebrew word for "devises" can also imply crafting or plotting, similar to how a craftsman plans his work. This phrase warns against the dangers of allowing evil thoughts to take root and grow into actions, as seen in the story of Cain and Abel (Genesis 4:8).

he continually sows discord.
Sowing discord refers to creating division and strife among people. This is a direct violation of the call to unity and peace found throughout Scripture (Psalm 133:1, Ephesians 4:3). The agricultural metaphor of "sowing" implies that discord, like seeds, can grow and spread if not checked. Historically, discord has been a tool used by adversaries to weaken communities, and this is seen in the biblical narrative of Absalom's rebellion against David (2 Samuel 15:1-6). The continual nature of this action suggests a persistent and habitual pattern, which is condemned in the list of things God hates (Proverbs 6:16-19).

Therefore calamity will come upon him suddenly;
The word "therefore" indicates a conclusion drawn from previous verses, which describe the behavior of a wicked person. This sudden calamity is a divine response to persistent sin, reflecting the biblical principle of reaping what one sows (Galatians 6:7). The suddenness of the calamity emphasizes the unexpected nature of divine judgment, akin to the sudden destruction mentioned in 1 Thessalonians 5:3. This reflects the biblical theme that God's judgment can come without warning, as seen in the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19).

in an instant he will be shattered beyond recovery.
The phrase "in an instant" underscores the immediacy and totality of the judgment. The imagery of being "shattered" suggests complete ruin, similar to the potter's vessel in Jeremiah 19:11, which cannot be made whole again. This irrevocable destruction highlights the seriousness of sin and the finality of divine judgment. The concept of being "beyond recovery" aligns with the idea of eternal separation from God, as seen in the parable of the rich man and Lazarus (Luke 16:26), where a great chasm prevents crossing from one side to the other. This serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of a life lived in opposition to God's ways.

There are six things that the LORD hates,
This phrase introduces a list of behaviors and attitudes that are deeply offensive to God. The use of the number six is significant in biblical literature, often symbolizing imperfection or incompleteness, as opposed to the number seven, which represents completeness or perfection. The concept of God hating certain things is consistent with His holy nature, which cannot tolerate sin. This list serves as a moral guide, emphasizing the importance of aligning one's life with God's standards. The idea of God hating certain actions is also seen in other scriptures, such as Psalm 5:5, which states that God hates all workers of iniquity.

seven that are detestable to Him:
The transition from six to seven underscores the completeness of the list, suggesting that these behaviors are entirely contrary to God's character. The term "detestable" indicates a strong aversion, highlighting the severity of these sins. This literary device, known as a numerical proverb, is common in Hebrew poetry and serves to emphasize the gravity of the message. The number seven is often associated with divine perfection, as seen in the creation account in Genesis, where God rested on the seventh day. This list of seven detestable things can be seen as a reflection of the complete moral order that God desires for humanity.

Haughty eyes
This phrase refers to pride and arrogance, a sin that is consistently condemned throughout Scripture. In biblical context, "haughty eyes" symbolize a heart that is lifted up in self-exaltation, looking down on others. Proverbs 16:18 warns that pride precedes destruction, and Isaiah 2:11 speaks of the Lord humbling the haughty. The cultural context of ancient Israel placed a high value on humility and reverence for God, contrasting with the pride of surrounding nations. This pride is antithetical to the character of Christ, who exemplified humility (Philippians 2:5-8).

A lying tongue
Lying is a direct violation of the ninth commandment (Exodus 20:16) and is seen as an abomination to God. In biblical times, truthfulness was essential for maintaining justice and community trust. The tongue, as described in James 3:6, has the power to corrupt and destroy. The deceitful tongue is contrasted with the truthfulness of Jesus, who is described as "the way, the truth, and the life" (John 14:6). The prophetic literature, such as Jeremiah 9:3-5, often condemns the deceitfulness of the people, calling them to repentance.

Hands that shed innocent blood
This phrase highlights the severity of murder and violence, which are condemned throughout Scripture. The shedding of innocent blood is a grave sin, first seen in the story of Cain and Abel (Genesis 4:8-10). The historical context of ancient Israel included laws that protected the innocent and prescribed justice for murderers (Numbers 35:33). This phrase also prophetically points to the ultimate shedding of innocent blood in the crucifixion of Jesus Christ, who, though innocent, was sacrificed for the sins of humanity (Isaiah 53:7-9). The call for justice and protection of the innocent is a recurring theme in the prophets, such as in Micah 6:8.

a heart that devises wicked schemes
This phrase highlights the inner motivations and intentions of a person. In biblical context, the heart is often seen as the center of thought, emotion, and will. Jeremiah 17:9 describes the heart as deceitful, emphasizing the need for divine intervention to purify it. The concept of devising wicked schemes suggests premeditated sin, contrasting with the call for purity and righteousness found in Psalm 51:10, where David asks God to create a clean heart within him. Historically, the heart's inclination towards evil is a recurring theme, seen in Genesis 6:5, where God observes humanity's wickedness before the flood. This phrase warns against allowing one's heart to be a source of evil, urging believers to seek God's wisdom and guidance to align their hearts with His will.

feet that run swiftly to evil
This phrase illustrates the eagerness and haste with which some pursue sinful actions. In the cultural context of the Bible, feet often symbolize one's path or way of life. Proverbs 1:16 similarly warns about those who rush into wrongdoing, indicating a lack of self-control and discernment. The imagery of running swiftly suggests a deliberate and enthusiastic pursuit of evil, contrasting with the biblical call to walk in righteousness and follow the path of wisdom, as seen in Psalm 119:105, where God's word is described as a lamp to one's feet. This phrase serves as a caution against impulsive and reckless behavior, encouraging believers to be mindful of their actions and to seek the guidance of the Holy Spirit to walk in the ways of the Lord.

a false witness who gives false testimony
This phrase highlights the sin of bearing false witness, which is condemned throughout Scripture. In the Ten Commandments (Exodus 20:16), God explicitly forbids giving false testimony against one's neighbor. The act of lying under oath or spreading falsehoods is seen as a direct violation of God's law and an attack on justice and truth. In ancient Israel, the legal system relied heavily on the testimony of witnesses, making honesty crucial for maintaining societal order. False testimony could lead to unjust outcomes, including wrongful punishment or the acquittal of the guilty. This sin is not only a breach of human law but also an affront to God's character, as He is the God of truth (John 14:6). The New Testament continues this theme, with Jesus condemning the Pharisees for their hypocrisy and falsehoods (Matthew 23:28). The ultimate false witness is Satan, described as the "father of lies" (John 8:44), contrasting with Jesus, who embodies truth.

and one who stirs up discord among brothers
This phrase addresses the destructive nature of sowing discord within a community or family. In the biblical context, "brothers" can refer to both literal family members and the broader community of believers. Unity among God's people is a recurring theme in Scripture, with Psalm 133:1 celebrating the goodness of brethren dwelling together in unity. Discord disrupts this harmony, leading to division and strife. The early church faced similar challenges, as seen in Paul's letters, where he often urged believers to maintain unity and peace (Ephesians 4:3). The act of stirring up discord is seen as particularly heinous because it undermines the communal bonds that reflect God's love and unity. Proverbs 6:19 warns against such behavior, emphasizing that God detests actions that fracture relationships. This aligns with Jesus' teaching in the Sermon on the Mount, where peacemakers are called blessed (Matthew 5:9). The call to unity is ultimately fulfilled in Christ, who reconciles believers to God and to one another (Ephesians 2:14-16).

My son,
This phrase indicates a personal and intimate address, suggesting a familial relationship. It reflects the common biblical motif of wisdom being passed down from parent to child, emphasizing the importance of generational teaching. The use of "son" can also be seen as a broader call to all believers, inviting them to receive wisdom as children of God.

keep your father’s commandment,
The term "keep" implies active obedience and careful attention. In the ancient Near Eastern context, a father's commandment would often include moral and ethical teachings, as well as practical life advice. This aligns with the biblical tradition of the father as a spiritual leader in the household, as seen in Deuteronomy 6:6-7, where fathers are instructed to teach God's commandments diligently to their children.

and do not forsake your mother’s teaching.
The inclusion of the mother's teaching highlights the value of both parents in the spiritual and moral education of children. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, mothers played a crucial role in the early education and nurturing of children. This phrase underscores the importance of honoring and adhering to the wisdom imparted by both parents, as seen in Proverbs 1:8. The dual emphasis on both parents' roles reflects the biblical principle of honoring one's father and mother, as commanded in Exodus 20:12.

Bind them always upon your heart;
The phrase "Bind them always upon your heart" emphasizes the importance of internalizing wisdom and commandments. In biblical context, the heart is often seen as the center of one's being, encompassing emotions, will, and intellect. This instruction suggests that wisdom should not merely be an external adherence but should be deeply ingrained within one's character and decision-making processes. The use of "bind" implies a permanent and secure attachment, indicating that these teachings should be an integral part of one's life. This concept is echoed in Deuteronomy 6:6, where the Israelites are instructed to keep God's commandments in their hearts, highlighting the continuity of this principle throughout Scripture.

tie them around your neck.
"Tie them around your neck" suggests a visible and constant reminder of wisdom and commandments. In ancient Near Eastern culture, wearing items around the neck was a common practice for signifying importance or status, much like a necklace or amulet. This imagery conveys the idea that wisdom should be as evident and accessible as something worn around the neck, serving as a guide in daily interactions and decisions. The neck, being a vital and visible part of the body, symbolizes the outward expression of inward beliefs. This is reminiscent of Proverbs 3:3, where mercy and truth are to be bound around the neck, reinforcing the theme of living out one's faith visibly and consistently.

When you walk, they will guide you;
This phrase emphasizes the active, daily journey of life. In biblical context, "walking" often symbolizes living according to God's commandments (Deuteronomy 5:33). The "they" refers to the teachings and commandments of wisdom, which are personified throughout Proverbs. The guidance offered is akin to the pillar of cloud and fire that led the Israelites through the wilderness (Exodus 13:21-22), symbolizing divine direction and protection. This guidance is not just for spiritual matters but encompasses all aspects of life, suggesting that God's wisdom is applicable in every situation.

when you lie down, they will watch over you;
The imagery of lying down conveys rest and vulnerability. In ancient Near Eastern culture, night was a time of potential danger, and the assurance of being watched over would have been comforting. This protection is reminiscent of Psalm 121:3-4, where God is described as a vigilant guardian who neither slumbers nor sleeps. The wisdom of God acts as a safeguard, providing peace and security even in times of rest. This reflects the broader biblical theme of God as a shepherd who watches over His flock (Psalm 23:1-4).

when you awake, they will speak to you.
Awakening signifies a new beginning, a fresh start each day. The idea that wisdom "speaks" suggests an ongoing, dynamic relationship with God's teachings. This aligns with the concept of God's mercies being new every morning (Lamentations 3:22-23). The speaking of wisdom can be seen as the Holy Spirit's role in guiding believers into all truth (John 16:13). It also echoes the Shema in Deuteronomy 6:6-7, where God's words are to be upon the heart and discussed throughout the day, indicating that divine wisdom is meant to be a constant companion and counselor.

For this commandment is a lamp
The imagery of a lamp is frequently used in Scripture to symbolize guidance and clarity. In ancient times, lamps were essential for navigating the darkness, much like the commandments of God provide moral and spiritual direction. Psalm 119:105 echoes this sentiment: "Your word is a lamp to my feet and a light to my path." The commandment here refers to God's law, which offers wisdom and discernment, helping believers to avoid the pitfalls of sin and error.

this teaching is a light
Light in the Bible often represents truth, purity, and the presence of God. The teaching, or Torah, is seen as illuminating the path of righteousness. In John 8:12, Jesus declares, "I am the light of the world," indicating that His teachings bring understanding and revelation. The light dispels darkness, symbolizing how divine instruction exposes sin and leads to holiness. This aligns with the cultural understanding of light as essential for life and growth.

and the reproofs of discipline are the way to life
Reproofs of discipline refer to correction and instruction that lead to spiritual maturity. In the biblical context, discipline is not merely punitive but is intended for growth and improvement, as seen in Hebrews 12:5-11, which discusses the Lord's discipline as a sign of His love. The "way to life" suggests that accepting correction leads to a fulfilling and righteous life, aligning with the wisdom literature's emphasis on the fear of the Lord as the beginning of wisdom (Proverbs 9:10). This path to life is ultimately fulfilled in Jesus Christ, who offers eternal life through His teachings and sacrifice.

to keep you from the evil woman
This phrase emphasizes the protective nature of wisdom and instruction, which are central themes in Proverbs. The "evil woman" represents not just a literal person but a broader symbol of temptation and moral danger. In the ancient Near Eastern context, women were often seen as the keepers of the home, but here, the "evil woman" is a metaphor for any influence that leads one away from righteousness. This aligns with the broader biblical narrative that warns against idolatry and unfaithfulness to God, as seen in Hosea's depiction of Israel as an unfaithful wife. The phrase also echoes the warnings found in Proverbs 2:16-19 and 5:3-6, where the dangers of succumbing to such temptations are further elaborated.

from the smooth tongue of the adulteress
The "smooth tongue" refers to persuasive and deceitful speech, a common theme in wisdom literature. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, speech was a powerful tool, and the ability to persuade or deceive was recognized as a significant influence. The "adulteress" here is not only a literal figure but also a representation of any seductive force that leads one away from covenant faithfulness. This can be connected to the broader biblical theme of spiritual adultery, where Israel is often depicted as unfaithful to God through idolatry (e.g., Jeremiah 3:6-10). The warning against the "smooth tongue" is a call to discernment, urging believers to remain steadfast in their commitment to God's wisdom and truth, as seen in James 1:14-15, which speaks of the progression from temptation to sin.

Do not lust in your heart for her beauty
This phrase warns against internal desires that lead to sin. The heart, in biblical terms, is the center of one's emotions and will. The admonition here is to guard one's heart against covetousness and lust, which are often the precursors to sinful actions. This aligns with Jesus' teaching in Matthew 5:28, where He equates lustful thoughts with adultery. The beauty referenced is a reminder of the seductive power of physical appearance, which can lead one astray if not checked by wisdom and self-control. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, beauty was often associated with temptation, as seen in the story of David and Bathsheba (2 Samuel 11).

or let her captivate you with her eyes
The eyes are often seen as windows to the soul and can be instruments of seduction. In the ancient Near Eastern context, women might use their eyes to allure and entice, a theme echoed in the story of Samson and Delilah (Judges 16). The warning here is against being ensnared by superficial charm or flirtation, which can lead to moral and spiritual downfall. This phrase underscores the importance of discernment and the need to focus on inner beauty and character rather than outward appearances. The call is to remain vigilant and not be swayed by fleeting attractions, reflecting the wisdom literature's emphasis on living a life of integrity and righteousness.

For the levy of the prostitute is poverty
This phrase highlights the financial consequences of engaging with a prostitute. In ancient Israel, prostitution was not only a moral issue but also an economic one. The term "levy" suggests a tax or a financial burden, indicating that such relationships can lead to financial ruin. Proverbs often warns against the folly of pursuing temporary pleasures at the expense of long-term stability. The cultural context of the time viewed wealth as a sign of God's blessing, and squandering it on immoral pursuits was seen as both foolish and sinful. This aligns with other biblical teachings, such as in Proverbs 5:10, which warns that one's wealth can be given to others when engaging in such behavior.

and the adulteress preys upon your very life
This part of the verse emphasizes the severe consequences of adultery, extending beyond financial ruin to endanger one's very existence. The imagery of "preys upon" suggests a predator-prey relationship, indicating that the adulteress is actively seeking to destroy. In the historical context, adultery was a grave sin with severe social and legal repercussions, often leading to death or social ostracism. This phrase can be connected to the broader biblical theme of sin leading to death, as seen in James 1:15, which states that sin, when fully grown, brings forth death. The warning here is not just about physical danger but also spiritual peril, as engaging in adultery can lead one away from a righteous path and ultimately from God.

Can a man embrace fire
This phrase uses the metaphor of fire to represent the destructive nature of sin, particularly adultery, which is the broader context of Proverbs 6. In biblical times, fire was a common symbol for both divine presence and judgment (Exodus 3:2, Hebrews 12:29). The imagery suggests that engaging in sin is as dangerous as physically holding fire. The rhetorical question implies the impossibility of escaping harm when one willingly engages in sinful behavior. This aligns with the biblical principle that sin has inherent consequences (Romans 6:23).

and his clothes not be burned?
Clothing in the Bible often symbolizes one's actions or righteousness (Isaiah 64:6, Revelation 19:8). The burning of clothes signifies the inevitable damage and shame that result from sin. In ancient cultures, clothing was a valuable possession, and its destruction would be a significant loss, symbolizing the personal and social consequences of sin. This phrase underscores the certainty of repercussions when one indulges in sinful acts, reinforcing the biblical teaching that actions have consequences (Galatians 6:7-8). The imagery also serves as a warning to avoid temptation and maintain purity, reflecting the call to holiness found throughout Scripture (1 Peter 1:15-16).

Can a man walk on hot coals
This phrase uses a vivid metaphor to illustrate the consequences of engaging in sinful behavior. In ancient cultures, walking on hot coals was sometimes a test of endurance or faith, but here it symbolizes the inevitable pain and damage caused by sin. The imagery is powerful, suggesting that just as it is impossible to walk on hot coals without harm, so too is it impossible to engage in sin without suffering consequences. This aligns with the biblical principle of sowing and reaping, as seen in Galatians 6:7-8, where actions have inevitable outcomes.

without scorching his feet?
The rhetorical question implies an obvious answer: no one can escape the natural consequences of their actions. In the context of Proverbs 6, this is a warning against adultery and other forms of immorality. The "scorching" represents the inevitable pain and destruction that follow such choices. This ties into the broader biblical theme of purity and the call to live a life that honors God, as seen in 1 Thessalonians 4:3-7. The imagery of feet being scorched also connects to the idea of walking in righteousness versus walking in sin, a common biblical metaphor for one's life path, as seen in Psalm 1:1-6.

So is he who sleeps with another man’s wife;
This phrase addresses the act of adultery, which is consistently condemned throughout the Bible. In the cultural and historical context of ancient Israel, marriage was a sacred covenant, and adultery was seen as a grave sin against God and the community. The seventh commandment explicitly prohibits adultery (Exodus 20:14). The act of sleeping with another man's wife is not only a betrayal of trust but also a violation of the divine order established by God for marriage. The consequences of such actions are severe, as seen in the story of David and Bathsheba (2 Samuel 11), where David's adultery led to a series of tragic events, including the death of their child and ongoing strife within David's family.

no one who touches her will go unpunished.
This phrase emphasizes the certainty of divine justice. In biblical terms, "touching" is often a euphemism for sexual relations, and the warning here is clear: those who engage in adultery will face consequences. The punishment may not always be immediate or visible, but it is assured by God's righteous standards. Proverbs 5:3-5 warns of the bitter end of adultery, describing it as a path leading to death. The New Testament also reinforces this principle, as seen in Hebrews 13:4, which states that God will judge the adulterer. This reflects the broader biblical theme that sin, particularly sexual immorality, has serious repercussions both in this life and in the life to come. The certainty of punishment serves as a deterrent and a call to uphold the sanctity of marriage.

Men do not despise the thief
In ancient Israel, theft was a serious offense, often punishable by restitution or even slavery if the thief could not repay. However, this phrase suggests a nuanced understanding of human behavior and motivation. The cultural context acknowledges that while theft is wrong, there is a degree of empathy for those driven by necessity. This reflects a broader biblical theme of justice tempered with mercy, as seen in the laws of restitution in Exodus 22:1-4, where the focus is on restoring what was lost rather than purely punishing the offender.

if he steals to satisfy his hunger
This phrase highlights the basic human need for survival, which can sometimes lead individuals to desperate actions. In the agrarian society of ancient Israel, where food security was a constant concern, hunger was a powerful motivator. The Bible often addresses the plight of the poor and the responsibility of the community to care for them, as seen in Leviticus 19:9-10, which commands landowners to leave the edges of their fields for the needy. This reflects God's compassion and provision for the marginalized, a theme that is echoed in the teachings of Jesus, who fed the hungry and taught about the importance of caring for "the least of these" (Matthew 25:35-40).

Yet if caught,
This phrase implies accountability and the inevitability of justice. In biblical context, the idea of being "caught" reflects the divine justice system where God sees all actions, even those done in secret (Hebrews 4:13). The concept of being caught also aligns with the principle of reaping what one sows (Galatians 6:7).

he must pay sevenfold;
The number seven in the Bible often symbolizes completeness or perfection. In this context, paying "sevenfold" suggests a complete restitution, emphasizing the seriousness of the offense. This principle of restitution is seen in the Mosaic Law, where a thief must repay multiple times what was stolen (Exodus 22:1). The sevenfold repayment underscores the gravity of sin and the need for full restitution.

he must give up all the wealth of his house.
This phrase highlights the costliness of sin and the potential for total loss as a consequence of wrongdoing. It reflects the biblical principle that sin can lead to severe consequences, affecting one's entire household (Joshua 7:24-25). The idea of losing all wealth also serves as a warning against the pursuit of ill-gotten gains, reminding believers of the value of integrity and righteousness over material wealth (Proverbs 15:16).

He who commits adultery lacks judgment;
Adultery is a recurring theme in the wisdom literature of the Bible, often used to illustrate the folly of succumbing to temptation. In ancient Israel, adultery was not only a personal sin but also a violation of the covenant community's moral fabric. The lack of judgment here refers to the failure to discern the long-term consequences of such actions. This phrase echoes the wisdom found in Proverbs 5:1-23, where the dangers of adultery are extensively discussed. The Hebrew term for "lacks judgment" implies a deficiency in understanding or insight, which is a critical aspect of wisdom literature. The act of adultery is seen as a betrayal of trust and a failure to adhere to God's commandments, as outlined in Exodus 20:14.

whoever does so destroys himself.
The destruction mentioned is both moral and spiritual. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, adultery could lead to severe social and legal repercussions, including the possibility of capital punishment as prescribed in Leviticus 20:10. Beyond the immediate consequences, this phrase suggests a deeper, spiritual destruction. The act of adultery severs one's relationship with God, as it is a direct violation of His laws. This self-destruction can be seen as a type of spiritual death, aligning with the broader biblical narrative that sin leads to separation from God (Isaiah 59:2). The New Testament reinforces this idea, with James 1:14-15 describing how desire leads to sin, and sin, when fully grown, brings forth death. This phrase serves as a warning of the ultimate cost of sin, urging believers to seek wisdom and live righteously.

Wounds and dishonor will befall him
This phrase highlights the severe consequences of adultery, a theme prevalent in the wisdom literature of the Bible. In ancient Israel, adultery was not only a personal sin but a violation of the covenant community's moral fabric. The "wounds" can be understood both literally and metaphorically, indicating physical punishment or the emotional and spiritual damage resulting from such sin. The term "dishonor" reflects the loss of reputation and respect within the community, a critical aspect of ancient Near Eastern culture where honor and shame were pivotal social constructs. This aligns with the broader biblical teaching that sin leads to suffering and disgrace, as seen in the story of David and Bathsheba (2 Samuel 11), where David's sin resulted in personal and familial turmoil.

and his reproach will never be wiped away
The enduring nature of the "reproach" signifies the lasting impact of sin, particularly sexual immorality, on an individual's life. In the cultural context of the Bible, a person's name and legacy were of utmost importance, and a tarnished reputation could affect one's family for generations. This phrase underscores the idea that while forgiveness is available through repentance, the earthly consequences of sin can persist. The concept of an indelible reproach is echoed in other scriptures, such as in the warnings against sin in Hebrews 12:16-17, where Esau's decision led to irreversible consequences. This serves as a sobering reminder of the gravity of sin and the importance of living a life of integrity and faithfulness.

For jealousy enrages a husband
Jealousy, in biblical terms, often refers to the intense emotional response to perceived threats to a valued relationship. In the context of marriage, it reflects the deep bond and covenant between husband and wife. The Bible frequently warns against adultery, highlighting the destructive power of jealousy. In ancient Israel, marriage was a sacred covenant, and any breach, such as infidelity, was met with severe consequences. This phrase underscores the natural and intense reaction of a husband who feels his marriage covenant has been violated. The concept of jealousy is also seen in God's relationship with Israel, where God is described as a "jealous God" (Exodus 20:5), emphasizing His desire for exclusive devotion.

and he will show no mercy
The lack of mercy here reflects the severity of the emotional and social breach caused by infidelity. In the ancient Near Eastern context, honor and reputation were paramount, and a husband's response to adultery was often harsh to restore his honor. The absence of mercy indicates the depth of betrayal felt. This mirrors the biblical principle of justice, where sin has consequences. The Old Testament law prescribed severe penalties for adultery (Leviticus 20:10), reflecting the seriousness with which it was regarded. This phrase also serves as a warning about the irreversible consequences of certain actions.

in the day of vengeance
The "day of vengeance" refers to the time when the wronged husband seeks retribution. In biblical times, vengeance was often seen as a form of justice, where the wronged party had the right to seek recompense. This concept is echoed in the broader biblical narrative, where God promises a day of judgment and vengeance against sin and injustice (Isaiah 61:2). The phrase serves as a reminder of the inevitable consequences of sin and the importance of living righteously. It also points to the ultimate justice of God, who will one day right all wrongs. In the New Testament, vengeance is left to God (Romans 12:19), highlighting the shift from personal retribution to divine justice.

He will not be appeased by any ransom
This phrase highlights the depth of anger and the sense of betrayal felt by a wronged husband, as described in the context of Proverbs 6, which warns against adultery. In ancient Israelite society, adultery was not only a personal betrayal but also a violation of the covenantal relationship, reflecting the seriousness of sin against God. The concept of a ransom, often used in the Old Testament to describe a payment for redemption or release (Exodus 21:30), underscores that some offenses are beyond monetary compensation. This mirrors the idea that certain spiritual debts cannot be settled by human means, pointing to the need for divine intervention and forgiveness.

or persuaded by lavish gifts
The mention of "lavish gifts" suggests attempts to placate or bribe, which were common practices in ancient Near Eastern cultures to resolve disputes or gain favor. However, the text emphasizes that material wealth cannot mend the deep emotional and relational damage caused by adultery. This reflects the biblical theme that true reconciliation and forgiveness require more than external gestures; they demand genuine repentance and transformation of the heart. The inability of gifts to persuade also parallels the biblical teaching that God desires obedience and a contrite heart over sacrifices (1 Samuel 15:22, Psalm 51:16-17). This phrase can be seen as a type pointing to Christ, who offers the ultimate gift of reconciliation through His sacrifice, which cannot be matched by any human offering.