My son
This phrase is a tender and personal address, indicating a relationship of care and authority. In the Hebrew context, "son" (בְּנִי, beni) is often used in wisdom literature to denote a disciple or learner, not just a biological child. It reflects the intimate and instructional relationship between a teacher and a student, emphasizing the importance of the guidance being offered. The use of "my son" suggests a familial bond, underscoring the responsibility of the elder to impart wisdom and the duty of the younger to receive it.

pay attention
The Hebrew root for "pay attention" (קָשַׁב, qashab) implies an active, intentional listening. It is not merely hearing words but engaging with them, considering their meaning and implications. This phrase calls for a focused and deliberate effort to understand and internalize the wisdom being shared. In the biblical context, paying attention is often linked with obedience and the pursuit of righteousness, suggesting that wisdom requires not just intellectual assent but also practical application.

to my wisdom
"Wisdom" (חָכְמָה, chokmah) in the Hebrew Bible is more than knowledge; it is skill in living according to God's design. It encompasses moral and ethical understanding, discernment, and the ability to make godly choices. The speaker claims possession of this wisdom, indicating that it is divinely inspired and trustworthy. In the broader scriptural context, wisdom is personified and is seen as a gift from God, essential for a life that honors Him.

incline your ear
This phrase suggests a posture of humility and eagerness to learn. The Hebrew verb (נָטָה, natah) means to stretch out or extend, indicating an active effort to listen and understand. It conveys the idea of bending one's will and attention towards the speaker, demonstrating a readiness to receive instruction. In the biblical tradition, inclining one's ear is often associated with submission to God's will and openness to His guidance.

to my understanding
"Understanding" (תְּבוּנָה, tebunah) is closely related to wisdom but emphasizes insight and discernment. It involves the ability to see beyond the surface and grasp the deeper truths of a situation. The speaker's understanding is presented as reliable and beneficial, offering clarity and direction. In the context of Proverbs, understanding is portrayed as a vital component of a godly life, enabling individuals to navigate the complexities of the world with integrity and faithfulness.

that you may maintain discretion
The phrase "that you may maintain discretion" emphasizes the importance of wisdom and careful judgment in one's life. The Hebrew root for "discretion" is "מְזִמָּה" (mezimmah), which conveys a sense of purpose, thoughtfulness, and prudence. In the context of ancient Israel, discretion was highly valued as it was seen as a means to live a life aligned with God's will. Discretion involves the ability to discern right from wrong and to act accordingly, which is a recurring theme in the wisdom literature of the Bible. This phrase encourages believers to cultivate a mindset that is thoughtful and intentional, ensuring that their actions reflect a deep understanding of God's principles.

and your lips may preserve knowledge
The phrase "and your lips may preserve knowledge" highlights the role of speech in maintaining and conveying wisdom. The Hebrew word for "preserve" is "נָצַר" (natsar), which means to guard, keep, or watch over. This suggests an active responsibility to protect and uphold knowledge. In biblical times, oral tradition was a primary means of passing down wisdom and teachings. Therefore, the ability to articulate and safeguard knowledge was crucial. The "lips" symbolize communication, and this phrase underscores the power of words to influence and instruct. It serves as a reminder to believers to speak truthfully and wisely, ensuring that their words reflect the knowledge and understanding that comes from a relationship with God. This aligns with the broader biblical teaching that life and death are in the power of the tongue (Proverbs 18:21), and thus, believers are called to use their speech to edify and build up others in the faith.

the lips of the forbidden woman
The phrase "the lips of the forbidden woman" refers to the seductive and enticing nature of an adulterous or immoral woman. In Hebrew, the word for "forbidden" is "zār," which can also mean "strange" or "foreign." This suggests not only a literal outsider but also someone who is outside the bounds of God's covenant and moral law. The lips symbolize communication and allure, indicating how temptation often begins with enticing words or promises that seem appealing but lead to spiritual and moral downfall.

drip honey
The imagery of lips that "drip honey" evokes a sense of sweetness and allure. In ancient times, honey was a rare and valuable commodity, symbolizing pleasure and delight. The Hebrew word "nāṭap" means to "drip" or "distill," suggesting a continuous and tempting flow. This metaphor highlights the initial attractiveness of sin, which promises satisfaction and pleasure but ultimately leads to bitterness and regret. The sweetness is deceptive, masking the true nature of the consequences that follow.

her speech is smoother than oil
The comparison of her speech to oil emphasizes its smoothness and persuasive power. Oil in the ancient Near East was used for anointing and as a symbol of blessing and prosperity. The Hebrew word "ḥālāq" means "smooth" or "slippery," indicating how easily one can be led astray by flattering and deceitful words. This phrase warns of the danger of being swayed by eloquence and charm that conceal harmful intentions. The smoothness of her speech is a trap, designed to ensnare the unwary and lead them away from the path of righteousness.

in the end
This phrase emphasizes the ultimate outcome or consequence of an action or choice. In the Hebrew context, the word "end" (אַחֲרִית, acharit) often refers to the final result or the latter days. It serves as a reminder that while certain actions may seem appealing or harmless initially, their true nature and consequences are revealed over time. This aligns with the biblical principle of sowing and reaping, where the end result is determined by the choices made.

she is bitter as wormwood
"Wormwood" (לַעֲנָה, la'anah) is a plant known for its extremely bitter taste and is often used metaphorically in the Bible to represent sorrow, calamity, or divine judgment. The bitterness of wormwood serves as a powerful image of the regret and pain that follow sinful or unwise choices. Historically, wormwood was used in ancient times as a medicinal herb, but its bitterness made it a symbol of something undesirable. This phrase warns of the emotional and spiritual bitterness that results from engaging in immoral or foolish behavior.

sharp as a double-edged sword
The imagery of a "double-edged sword" (חֶרֶב פִּיּוֹת, cherev piyyot) conveys the idea of something that is not only dangerous but also capable of inflicting deep and lasting harm. In ancient warfare, a double-edged sword was a formidable weapon, able to cut in both directions. This metaphor highlights the destructive power of sin, which can pierce and wound the soul deeply. In the broader scriptural context, the Word of God is also described as a double-edged sword (Hebrews 4:12), indicating that while God's Word can convict and correct, the path of sin can similarly cut and destroy. This serves as a stark warning to avoid the seductive allure of sin, which ultimately leads to spiritual and emotional devastation.

Her feet
The phrase "her feet" symbolizes the direction and path of the adulterous woman, as described in the preceding verses. In Hebrew, "feet" often metaphorically represents one's journey or way of life. The imagery here is vivid, suggesting that her actions and choices are deliberate and lead to a specific destination. In a broader spiritual context, this serves as a warning about the consequences of following a path of sin and temptation.

go down to death
The Hebrew word for "death" is "mavet," which not only refers to physical death but also spiritual separation from God. The phrase "go down" indicates a descent, a movement away from life and righteousness. This is a stark reminder of the ultimate consequence of sin, which is not just physical demise but eternal separation from the Creator. The imagery of descending suggests a loss of elevation, both morally and spiritually.

her steps
"Her steps" refers to the individual actions and decisions that lead to a particular outcome. In the Hebrew context, "steps" can denote the progression of one's life choices. Each step taken by the adulterous woman is a conscious decision that contributes to her ultimate downfall. This serves as a cautionary tale about the importance of each decision we make and how it aligns with God's will.

lead straight
The word "straight" implies a direct and unwavering path. In Hebrew, the concept of a "straight" path often connotes righteousness and alignment with God's law. However, in this context, it is used ironically to describe a path that is directly opposed to God's ways. This highlights the deceptive nature of sin, which can appear straightforward and appealing but ultimately leads to destruction.

to Sheol
"Sheol" is a Hebrew term that refers to the realm of the dead, a place of darkness and separation from God. In ancient Israelite belief, Sheol was seen as a shadowy existence, devoid of the presence and light of God. The use of "Sheol" here underscores the severity of the consequences of sin, emphasizing that the path of the adulterous woman leads not just to physical death but to a spiritual void. This serves as a powerful warning to remain vigilant and faithful to God's commandments, avoiding the seductive allure of sin that leads to such a dire end.

She does not consider
The phrase "She does not consider" suggests a lack of reflection or awareness. In the Hebrew text, the word used here is "פֶּן" (pen), which implies a warning or caution. This highlights the importance of wisdom and discernment in making life choices. The absence of consideration indicates a life led without the guidance of wisdom, which is a central theme in Proverbs. The wise are called to deliberate and seek understanding, contrasting with the folly of ignoring the consequences of one's actions.

the path of life
"The path of life" refers to a way of living that aligns with God's will and leads to spiritual fulfillment and eternal life. In Hebrew, "דֶּרֶךְ חַיִּים" (derekh chayyim) signifies a journey or course that is life-giving. This path is often depicted in Scripture as narrow and requiring intentionality and righteousness. The imagery of a path suggests direction and purpose, emphasizing that life is a journey with a destination. The wise are encouraged to walk this path, guided by God's commandments and wisdom.

she does not know
The phrase "she does not know" indicates ignorance or a lack of understanding. The Hebrew word "יָדַע" (yada) means to know intimately or experientially. This lack of knowledge is not merely intellectual but relational and spiritual. It underscores the danger of living without a true understanding of God's ways. In the biblical context, knowing is often associated with a deep, covenantal relationship with God, which this individual lacks.

that her ways are unstable
"Her ways are unstable" describes a life characterized by inconsistency and unreliability. The Hebrew word "נוּעַ" (nu'a) conveys the idea of wavering or being unsteady. This instability is a result of not being anchored in the truth and wisdom of God. In the broader scriptural context, stability is often linked to righteousness and faithfulness to God's word. The instability here serves as a warning of the consequences of living apart from divine wisdom, leading to a life that lacks direction and purpose.

So now
This phrase serves as a pivotal transition, urging immediate attention and action. In the Hebrew text, the word "now" (עַתָּה, 'attah) emphasizes the urgency and present relevance of the instruction. It suggests a moment of decision, a call to heed wisdom without delay. Historically, this reflects the ancient Near Eastern tradition of imparting wisdom through oral instruction, where timing and context were crucial for effective learning.

my sons
The term "sons" (בָּנִים, banim) is not limited to biological offspring but extends to disciples or followers. In the context of Proverbs, it reflects a familial relationship between the teacher (often Solomon) and the learner. This paternal language underscores the care and responsibility of the teacher to guide the young in the ways of wisdom. It also highlights the communal aspect of learning, where wisdom is passed down through generations.

listen to me
The Hebrew verb for "listen" (שָׁמַע, shama) implies more than just hearing; it involves understanding and obedience. This call to listen is a recurring theme in Proverbs, emphasizing the importance of active engagement with wisdom. In the ancient world, listening was a key component of learning, as most instruction was oral. The phrase encourages a posture of humility and receptivity, essential for spiritual growth.

and do not turn aside
To "turn aside" (שָׂרַר, sarar) suggests a deviation or departure from a set path. In the biblical context, it often refers to straying from God's commandments or wisdom. This warning against turning aside highlights the dangers of distraction and disobedience. It serves as a reminder of the constant vigilance required to remain on the path of righteousness, a theme prevalent throughout the wisdom literature.

from the words of my mouth
The "words" (אִמְרֵי, imrei) here are not mere suggestions but authoritative teachings. The phrase "words of my mouth" signifies personal and direct communication, emphasizing the importance of the source of wisdom. In the biblical tradition, words are powerful and carry the weight of life and death (Proverbs 18:21). This underscores the necessity of valuing and adhering to divine instruction as conveyed through the teacher's mouth.

Keep your path far from her
This phrase serves as a stern warning against the dangers of temptation and sin, particularly in the context of sexual immorality. The Hebrew root for "keep" (רָחַק, rachaq) implies maintaining a significant distance, both physically and spiritually. The wisdom literature of the Bible often emphasizes the importance of setting boundaries to avoid falling into sin. In ancient Israel, the community was tightly knit, and maintaining moral purity was crucial for societal stability. This phrase encourages believers to proactively avoid situations that could lead to moral compromise, reflecting a broader biblical principle of fleeing from sin (1 Corinthians 6:18).

do not go near
The directive "do not go near" underscores the importance of vigilance and self-control. The Hebrew verb (קָרַב, qarab) means to approach or draw near, suggesting that even the slightest proximity to temptation can be dangerous. This reflects the biblical understanding that sin often begins with small, seemingly insignificant steps. The historical context of Proverbs, attributed to Solomon, highlights the king's own struggles with temptation and the consequences of failing to heed such warnings. This phrase serves as a reminder that wisdom involves not only knowing what is right but also taking deliberate actions to avoid what is wrong.

the door of her house
The "door" symbolizes the threshold of temptation, a point of decision where one must choose between wisdom and folly. In ancient Near Eastern culture, the door of a house was a place of significant social interaction and potential vulnerability. The "house" here represents the domain of the adulteress, a metaphor for any source of temptation that leads one away from God's path. Scripturally, the house is often a symbol of one's life or spiritual state (Matthew 7:24-27). By advising against even approaching the door, the proverb emphasizes the need for discernment and the avoidance of situations that could lead to spiritual downfall. This aligns with the broader biblical theme of guarding one's heart and mind against influences that can lead to sin (Philippians 4:7).

lest you concede
The phrase "lest you concede" serves as a warning, urging the reader to avoid a particular outcome. The Hebrew root here is "תִּתֵּן" (titten), which means "to give" or "to yield." In the context of Proverbs, this is a caution against giving away something valuable, such as one's strength or honor, to others. The wisdom literature of the Bible often emphasizes the importance of guarding one's integrity and resources, suggesting that conceding them can lead to personal and spiritual loss.

your vigor
The word "vigor" is translated from the Hebrew "הוֹד" (hod), which can mean "splendor," "majesty," or "strength." This term is often associated with the vitality and energy that God bestows upon individuals. In a broader biblical context, vigor is a gift from God meant to be used for His glory and purposes. The warning here is against squandering this divine gift through foolish or sinful actions, such as engaging in immoral relationships or pursuits.

to others
The phrase "to others" implies a transfer of what is rightfully one's own to someone else. In the historical and cultural context of ancient Israel, this could refer to losing one's wealth, reputation, or even family inheritance to outsiders or adversaries. The wisdom of Proverbs often contrasts the wise, who retain their resources and honor, with the foolish, who lose them to others through poor decisions.

and your years
"Your years" refers to the span of one's life, emphasizing the preciousness of time. The Hebrew word "שָׁנִים" (shanim) is used here, highlighting the idea that life is a finite resource. The Bible frequently reminds believers to use their time wisely, as seen in passages like Psalm 90:12, which encourages numbering our days to gain a heart of wisdom. The implication is that wasting one's years on unworthy pursuits is a form of self-imposed cruelty.

to one who is cruel
The phrase "to one who is cruel" warns against becoming subject to harsh or oppressive individuals. The Hebrew word "אַכְזָרִי" (akzari) denotes someone who is ruthless or merciless. In the biblical narrative, cruelty is often associated with those who oppose God's people or His ways. This serves as a cautionary note to avoid entanglements with individuals or systems that do not honor God, as they can lead to spiritual and physical bondage.

lest strangers feast on your wealth
The word "strangers" in this context refers to those who are outside the covenant community of Israel, often seen as those who do not share the same values or faith. The Hebrew root for "strangers" is "zār," which can imply someone who is alien or foreign. In the historical context of ancient Israel, wealth was not just material but also included one's family, reputation, and spiritual heritage. The warning here is against the squandering of God-given resources and blessings through unwise or immoral living, which can lead to outsiders benefiting from what was meant to be a blessing for the covenant community. This serves as a caution to maintain fidelity to God's commandments to ensure that one's resources are used for God's glory and the benefit of His people.

and your labors enrich the house of a foreigner
The phrase "your labors" refers to the fruits of one's hard work and diligence. The Hebrew word for "labors" is "ʿāmāl," which conveys the idea of toil and effort. The warning is that if one does not live wisely, the results of their hard work could end up benefiting "the house of a foreigner." The term "foreigner" here, from the Hebrew "nokrî," often denotes someone who is not part of the Israelite community, potentially someone who does not honor God. Historically, this reflects the reality that poor stewardship or moral failure could lead to one's possessions and efforts being transferred to those outside the faith community. This serves as a reminder of the importance of living a life of integrity and wisdom, ensuring that one's efforts contribute to the building up of God's kingdom rather than being lost to those who do not share the same covenantal relationship with God.

At the end of your life
This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the inevitable conclusion of our earthly journey. The Hebrew word for "end" is "אַחֲרִית" (acharit), which not only refers to the conclusion but also to the outcome or consequence of one's actions. In the context of Proverbs, it emphasizes the importance of living wisely and righteously, as the choices made throughout life culminate in the final assessment before God. The phrase encourages believers to reflect on their spiritual legacy and the eternal impact of their earthly decisions.

you will groan
The Hebrew word "נָהַם" (naham) is used here, which conveys a deep, guttural sound of distress or lamentation. This groaning is not merely physical but also spiritual and emotional, reflecting a profound sense of regret and sorrow. In the conservative Christian perspective, this groaning is a consequence of living a life contrary to God's wisdom and commands. It serves as a warning to heed the teachings of Scripture and to avoid the path of folly that leads to such lamentation.

when your flesh and your body are spent
The imagery of "flesh" and "body" being "spent" highlights the physical deterioration that accompanies a life lived in sin. The Hebrew word for "flesh" is "בָּשָׂר" (basar), and "body" is "שָׁרִיר" (sharir), both of which emphasize the temporal and fragile nature of human existence. The phrase "are spent" suggests exhaustion and depletion, a vivid picture of the consequences of indulgence in sin. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this serves as a metaphor for the spiritual decay that results from ignoring God's wisdom. It is a call to live a life of discipline and obedience, ensuring that one's physical and spiritual vitality is preserved for God's glory.

and you will say
This phrase introduces a moment of regret and self-reflection. In the Hebrew text, the verb used here implies a future realization, a moment when one looks back with a sense of lament. It suggests a prophetic warning, urging the reader to heed wisdom before reaching a point of regret. The structure of this phrase indicates a personal confession, emphasizing the importance of self-awareness and the consequences of ignoring wise counsel.

How I hated discipline
The word "hated" in Hebrew is "שָׂנֵאתִי" (saneti), which conveys a strong aversion or intense dislike. Discipline, or "מוּסָר" (musar), is a central theme in Proverbs, often associated with correction and instruction. This phrase highlights the natural human tendency to resist correction and the folly of rejecting guidance. In a historical context, discipline was seen as a path to wisdom and maturity, and to hate it was to reject the very foundation of a righteous life. The phrase serves as a caution against the pride that leads one to disdain the necessary process of growth and learning.

and my heart despised reproof
The heart, or "לֵב" (lev) in Hebrew, is considered the seat of emotions, will, and intellect. To "despise" (בָּזָה, bazah) reproof indicates a deep-seated contempt or scorn for correction. Reproof, or "תּוֹכַחַת" (tokhahat), involves constructive criticism intended to guide one back to the right path. This phrase underscores the internal struggle against accepting correction, a theme prevalent throughout the wisdom literature. Historically, reproof was a vital part of community life, ensuring that individuals remained aligned with communal values and divine commandments. The verse warns against the arrogance that blinds one to the value of reproof, urging a humble acceptance of guidance as a means to personal and spiritual growth.

I did not listen
The phrase "I did not listen" underscores a deliberate choice to ignore or disregard guidance. In the Hebrew context, the word for "listen" often implies not just hearing but obeying and internalizing what is heard. This reflects a heart posture that is resistant to wisdom. In the biblical narrative, listening is equated with obedience, as seen in Deuteronomy 6:4-5, where the Shema calls Israel to "hear" and love God fully. The failure to listen is a recurring theme in Proverbs, warning of the consequences of ignoring divine and wise counsel.

to the voice of my teachers
"Voice" here signifies the authoritative and guiding words of those who impart wisdom. In ancient Israel, teachers were often elders or sages who played a crucial role in the community by passing down knowledge and moral instruction. The Hebrew word for "teachers" can also be translated as "instructors" or "guides," emphasizing their role in shaping character and understanding. The neglect of such voices is portrayed as folly throughout Proverbs, as these teachers are seen as conduits of God’s wisdom.

or incline my ear
The phrase "incline my ear" suggests an intentional act of focusing and giving attention. In Hebrew, the verb for "incline" conveys the idea of bending or stretching towards something, indicating a proactive effort to understand and absorb instruction. This imagery is used throughout Scripture to describe a posture of humility and eagerness to learn, as seen in Psalm 119:112, where the psalmist inclines his heart to perform God’s statutes.

to my mentors
"Mentors" refers to those who provide guidance and counsel, often through a personal and relational dynamic. In the biblical context, mentors were not just academic instructors but life coaches who modeled wisdom through their own lives. The Hebrew term can also be translated as "understanders" or "discerners," highlighting their role in helping others navigate life’s complexities. The absence of heeding such mentors is lamented in Proverbs, as it leads to a path of regret and missed opportunities for growth.

I am on the brink
This phrase captures a moment of intense realization and urgency. The Hebrew root here is "כמעט" (kim'at), which conveys a sense of being on the verge or edge of something significant. In the context of Proverbs, it suggests a critical point where one must make a decisive choice. Historically, this reflects the wisdom literature's emphasis on the importance of timely decisions and the consequences of one's actions. The imagery of a brink or edge is powerful, evoking the precariousness of life choices and the need for divine wisdom to navigate them.

of utter ruin
The term "ruin" in Hebrew is "רעה" (ra'ah), which can mean evil, disaster, or calamity. This word underscores the severity of the consequences that follow poor decisions, particularly those related to moral and ethical failings. In the scriptural context, it serves as a warning against the dangers of straying from God's commandments. The historical backdrop of Israel, with its cycles of faithfulness and rebellion, illustrates the tangible outcomes of ignoring divine wisdom. This phrase is a sobering reminder of the potential for complete devastation when one turns away from righteous living.

in the midst of the assembly and congregation
The Hebrew words "קהל" (qahal) and "עדה" (edah) refer to a gathering or assembly, often used in the context of the community of Israel. This phrase highlights the public nature of the speaker's downfall, emphasizing that personal sins can have communal repercussions. In ancient Israel, the assembly was not just a social gathering but a spiritual community bound by covenantal laws. The mention of the assembly and congregation serves as a reminder that one's actions are not isolated but affect the broader community. It also reflects the biblical principle that accountability and repentance are communal processes, where the community plays a role in guiding and restoring individuals.

Drink water
The phrase "Drink water" in this context is metaphorical, urging the reader to find satisfaction and fulfillment in what is rightfully theirs. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, water was a precious commodity, symbolizing life and sustenance. The Hebrew root for "drink" (שָׁתָה, shatah) implies not just the act of drinking but also enjoying and partaking in something that is life-giving. This phrase encourages believers to seek satisfaction in the provisions and blessings God has given them, rather than looking elsewhere.

from your own cistern
A "cistern" in ancient times was a storage system for collecting rainwater, essential for survival in arid regions. The Hebrew word for cistern (בּוֹר, bor) can also mean a pit or a well. This phrase emphasizes the importance of faithfulness and contentment within one's own resources and relationships. Spiritually, it suggests nurturing and valuing the gifts and relationships God has entrusted to us, particularly in the context of marriage, as a cistern would be a personal and private source of water.

and running water
"Running water" refers to fresh, flowing water, often seen as more desirable and purer than stagnant water. The Hebrew term (נֹזְלִים, nozelim) implies a continuous, life-giving flow. This imagery suggests vitality, purity, and renewal. In a spiritual sense, it encourages believers to seek a dynamic and ongoing relationship with God and their loved ones, characterized by freshness and vitality, rather than stagnation.

from your own well
A "well" in biblical times was a critical source of water, often associated with community and life. The Hebrew word (בְּאֵר, be'er) signifies a deep source of sustenance. This phrase reinforces the idea of drawing life and satisfaction from one's own resources and relationships. Historically, wells were places of meeting and covenant-making, symbolizing faithfulness and commitment. Spiritually, it calls believers to invest in and cherish their God-given relationships and responsibilities, ensuring they remain a source of life and blessing.

Should your springs
The term "springs" in this context is metaphorical, representing the source of life and vitality, often associated with one's intimate and personal life. In Hebrew, the word for "springs" is "maqor," which can also mean a fountain or wellspring. This imagery suggests something precious and life-giving, meant to be protected and cherished. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, water sources were vital for survival, symbolizing sustenance and prosperity. The rhetorical question implies that such a valuable resource should not be squandered or exposed to public misuse.

flow in the streets
The phrase "flow in the streets" evokes the image of something that is uncontrolled and exposed to the public. In the Hebrew context, "streets" (rechovot) were places of commerce and public interaction, not meant for private or sacred matters. The imagery here warns against allowing what is meant to be private and sacred to become common and profane. This serves as a caution against the indiscriminate sharing of one's intimate life, which should be reserved for the sanctity of marriage.

your streams of water
"Streams of water" further emphasizes the idea of life-giving resources. In Hebrew, "streams" (palgey) can refer to channels or divisions of water, suggesting a deliberate and purposeful direction. Water, in biblical symbolism, often represents purity, cleansing, and life. The use of "your" personalizes the message, indicating that these streams belong to the individual and should be managed with care and responsibility. This highlights the importance of stewardship over one's personal and relational resources.

in the public squares
The "public squares" were central places in ancient cities where people gathered for social, political, and economic activities. The Hebrew term "rechovot" for "squares" suggests openness and exposure. The rhetorical question implies that what is meant to be private should not be displayed or shared in such a public and indiscriminate manner. This serves as a metaphorical warning against the dangers of infidelity and the public exposure of one's private life, urging believers to maintain the sanctity and exclusivity of their marital relationships.

Let them be yours alone
This phrase emphasizes exclusivity and personal ownership, particularly in the context of marital fidelity. The Hebrew root word for "yours" (לְךָ, lecha) implies possession and personal responsibility. In the ancient Near Eastern context, this reflects the sanctity and exclusivity of the marital relationship. The wisdom literature of Proverbs often uses such language to underscore the importance of faithfulness and commitment within marriage. This exclusivity is not just a matter of personal preference but a divine mandate that reflects God's design for marriage as a covenantal relationship. The phrase encourages believers to cherish and protect the sanctity of their marital bonds, recognizing them as a gift from God meant to be nurtured and guarded.

never to be shared
The phrase "never to be shared" underscores the importance of maintaining boundaries within relationships. The Hebrew word for "shared" (חָלַק, chalak) can also mean to divide or distribute. In the context of Proverbs, this serves as a warning against the dangers of infidelity and the sharing of intimate aspects of one's life with those outside the marriage covenant. Historically, the Israelites were surrounded by cultures that often practiced polygamy and had loose sexual morals. This command serves as a counter-cultural call to purity and fidelity, urging believers to resist the temptation to divide their affections and to remain wholly devoted to their spouse. It is a reminder that true intimacy is reserved for the marriage relationship, reflecting the exclusive covenant between God and His people.

with strangers
The term "strangers" (זָרִים, zarim) in Hebrew refers to those who are outside the covenant community or those who do not belong to one's immediate family or household. In the context of Proverbs, it often refers to individuals who might lead one away from the path of wisdom and righteousness. The use of "strangers" here highlights the potential threat they pose to the sanctity of marriage. In ancient Israel, maintaining the purity of the community was paramount, and relationships with those outside the covenant were often discouraged to prevent the introduction of idolatry and immorality. This phrase serves as a caution to believers to guard their hearts and relationships, ensuring that their affections and loyalties remain within the bounds of God's ordained structures. It is a call to uphold the integrity of the marriage covenant, reflecting the faithfulness of God to His people.

May your fountain be blessed
The term "fountain" in this context is a metaphor for the source of life and vitality, often interpreted as one's family or progeny. In Hebrew, the word used is "maqor," which can refer to a spring or source of water, symbolizing life and sustenance. In ancient Israel, water was a precious resource, essential for survival and prosperity. Thus, a blessed fountain implies a life filled with divine favor, abundance, and continuity. The blessing of one's fountain suggests a prayer for prosperity and the flourishing of one's family line, emphasizing the importance of faithfulness and righteousness in ensuring God's blessings.

and may you rejoice
The Hebrew word for "rejoice" is "samach," which conveys a deep, heartfelt joy and satisfaction. This joy is not merely a fleeting emotion but a profound sense of contentment and delight. In the biblical context, rejoicing is often associated with God's blessings and the fulfillment of His promises. It is a call to find joy in the gifts God has provided, particularly in the context of marriage. This phrase encourages believers to cultivate a spirit of gratitude and joy in their relationships, recognizing them as divine gifts.

in the wife of your youth
This phrase highlights the enduring nature of marital love and commitment. The reference to "the wife of your youth" underscores the idea of a lifelong partnership, beginning in one's early years and continuing into maturity. In Hebrew culture, marriage was a covenantal relationship, reflecting God's covenant with His people. The phrase calls for a return to the initial love and passion that characterized the early days of marriage, urging husbands to cherish and honor their wives throughout their lives. It serves as a reminder of the sacredness of the marital bond and the joy that comes from a faithful, loving relationship. This exhortation aligns with the broader biblical theme of fidelity and the celebration of love within the bounds of marriage.

A loving doe, a graceful fawn—
This phrase uses imagery from nature to describe the beauty and grace of a wife. In Hebrew culture, animals like the doe and fawn were often symbols of beauty, gentleness, and affection. The Hebrew word for "doe" is "אַיֶּלֶת" (ayelet), which conveys a sense of tenderness and elegance. The use of these animals in the text suggests a call to appreciate the gentle and nurturing aspects of a marital relationship. Historically, these animals were also seen as symbols of purity and innocence, which aligns with the biblical ideal of marital fidelity and love.

may her breasts satisfy you always
The Hebrew word for "satisfy" is "רָוָה" (ravah), which means to be filled or to be abundantly satisfied. This part of the verse emphasizes the physical and emotional fulfillment found within the marriage covenant. In the conservative Christian perspective, this satisfaction is not merely physical but also spiritual and emotional, reflecting the deep bond and unity that marriage is intended to foster. The constancy implied by "always" suggests a lifelong commitment to finding joy and contentment in one's spouse, aligning with the biblical view of marriage as a permanent and exclusive union.

may you be captivated by her love forever
The word "captivated" in Hebrew is "שָׁגָה" (shagah), which can mean to be intoxicated or enraptured. This suggests a deep, overwhelming affection and attraction that should characterize the marital relationship. The use of "forever" underscores the enduring nature of this love, pointing to the biblical ideal of a love that persists through all seasons of life. In a conservative Christian context, this enduring captivation is seen as a reflection of God's unending love for His people, and it serves as a model for the love between husband and wife. The verse as a whole encourages a view of marriage that is both passionate and enduring, rooted in mutual respect and delight.

Why be captivated
The word "captivated" in this context suggests being ensnared or entrapped. The Hebrew root word here is "שׁגה" (shagah), which implies a sense of wandering or going astray. This term is often used in the Old Testament to describe a deviation from the path of righteousness. The imagery of being captivated serves as a warning against the seductive allure of sin, which can lead one away from God's intended path. Historically, the Israelites were often warned against idolatry and foreign influences, which could lead them astray from their covenant with God. This verse echoes that sentiment, urging believers to remain steadfast and not be led astray by temptations.

my son
The phrase "my son" is a common address in the book of Proverbs, emphasizing the personal and intimate nature of the wisdom being imparted. It reflects the relationship between a father and child, where the father seeks to guide and protect his offspring. In a broader sense, it represents God's paternal care for His people, offering guidance and wisdom to help them navigate life's challenges. This familial language underscores the importance of the advice being given, as it comes from a place of love and concern.

by an adulteress
The term "adulteress" refers to a woman who engages in sexual relations outside of marriage. In Hebrew, the word used is "נָכְרִיָּה" (nokriyah), which can also mean foreign or strange. This highlights the danger of engaging with those who are outside the covenant community and who may lead one away from God's laws. In the historical context of ancient Israel, maintaining purity and faithfulness within marriage was paramount, as it reflected the covenant relationship between God and His people. The adulteress symbolizes not just sexual immorality but also spiritual unfaithfulness.

or embrace the bosom
The phrase "embrace the bosom" is a euphemism for engaging in intimate or sexual relations. The Hebrew word "חָבַק" (chabaq) means to embrace or hold closely. This imagery conveys the physical and emotional intimacy that should be reserved for the marital relationship. The warning here is against forming such bonds with someone who is not one's spouse, as it violates the sanctity of marriage and God's design for human relationships. The embrace is meant to be a symbol of love and commitment, not of fleeting passion or infidelity.

of a stranger
The word "stranger" in this context is translated from the Hebrew "זָר" (zar), which can mean foreign or alien. It signifies someone who is outside the community of faith, someone who does not share the same values or covenant relationship with God. Engaging with a stranger in this intimate manner represents a breach of the boundaries set by God for His people. Historically, Israel was often warned against intermingling with foreign nations, as it could lead to idolatry and a turning away from God. This verse serves as a reminder to maintain purity and faithfulness, both in marriage and in one's spiritual walk.

For a man’s ways
The phrase "a man’s ways" refers to the conduct, behavior, and lifestyle choices of an individual. In Hebrew, the word for "ways" is "derek," which implies a road, journey, or manner of life. This suggests that every aspect of a person's life, including their decisions and actions, is under consideration. Theologically, this emphasizes the comprehensive nature of God's awareness and concern for human conduct, underscoring the importance of living a life aligned with divine principles.

are before the eyes of the LORD
The "eyes of the LORD" is a metaphorical expression indicating God's omniscience and omnipresence. In Hebrew, "eyes" (ayin) often symbolize perception and insight. This phrase assures believers that nothing escapes God's notice. Historically, this understanding would have been comforting and sobering to the Israelites, reminding them of God's constant vigilance and care. It serves as a call to integrity, knowing that God sees beyond outward appearances to the heart's true intentions.

and the LORD examines
The word "examines" comes from the Hebrew "palas," meaning to weigh or measure. This conveys the idea of God not only observing but also evaluating and discerning the moral quality of a person's actions. In a conservative Christian context, this highlights the belief in a just and righteous God who holds individuals accountable. It encourages believers to live righteously, knowing that their actions are subject to divine scrutiny.

all his paths
The term "paths" (orach in Hebrew) refers to the various courses or directions a person might take in life. It implies the choices and decisions that define one's journey. The use of "all" emphasizes the totality of God's examination, leaving no aspect of life unconsidered. This comprehensive oversight assures believers that God is intimately involved in every detail of their lives, guiding and directing them according to His will. It serves as a reminder to seek God's guidance in all decisions, trusting in His wisdom and understanding.

The iniquities
The Hebrew word for "iniquities" is "עֲוֹנוֹת" (avonot), which refers to moral perversity or guilt. In the biblical context, iniquities are not just sins but a deeper, more ingrained form of wrongdoing that reflects a person's character. This word suggests a deviation from God's righteous path, emphasizing the gravity and seriousness of sin in one's life. Theologically, it underscores the idea that sin is not merely an action but a condition of the heart that separates individuals from God.

of a wicked man
The term "wicked" is translated from the Hebrew word "רָשָׁע" (rasha), which describes someone who is morally wrong or guilty. In the biblical narrative, a wicked man is one who consistently chooses to live in opposition to God's laws and principles. This phrase highlights the personal responsibility of the individual in choosing a path contrary to divine wisdom. Historically, the wicked are often portrayed as those who reject God's covenant and live in rebellion, leading to their downfall.

entrap him
The imagery of being "entrapped" comes from the Hebrew "יְלָכְדֻנוּ" (yelachedunu), which means to be caught or ensnared. This word paints a vivid picture of a trap closing in on its prey, symbolizing the inevitable consequences of living a life of sin. Theologically, it suggests that sin has a binding power, leading individuals into a cycle of destruction from which they cannot easily escape. This serves as a warning of the self-destructive nature of sin.

the cords of his sin
"Cords" in Hebrew is "חַבְלֵי" (chavlei), which refers to ropes or bindings. This metaphor illustrates how sin can bind and restrict a person, much like physical cords would. The phrase implies that sin has a constraining effect, limiting one's freedom and ability to live righteously. In a broader scriptural context, it reflects the idea that sin entangles individuals, making it difficult to break free without divine intervention.

entangle him
The word "entangle" is derived from the Hebrew "יִתְמָךְ" (yitmokh), meaning to hold fast or to seize. This suggests a state of being caught or ensnared, unable to move freely. Theologically, it emphasizes the entrapment and bondage that sin brings into a person's life. The historical context of this imagery would resonate with an audience familiar with the dangers of being caught in a hunter's snare, reinforcing the perilous nature of living in sin.

He will die
The phrase "He will die" serves as a stark warning about the ultimate consequence of ignoring wisdom and discipline. In the Hebrew text, the word for "die" is "מוּת" (muth), which not only refers to physical death but can also imply spiritual death or separation from God. This highlights the seriousness of living a life devoid of divine guidance and moral restraint. The Bible consistently teaches that the wages of sin is death (Romans 6:23), emphasizing the eternal consequences of a life lived in rebellion against God's commandments.

for lack of discipline
The term "lack of discipline" is translated from the Hebrew word "מוּסָר" (musar), which encompasses instruction, correction, and moral training. In the context of Proverbs, discipline is not merely punitive but is intended for growth and maturity. The absence of discipline suggests a life without boundaries or accountability, leading to chaos and destruction. Historically, the wisdom literature of the Bible, including Proverbs, was used to instruct young men in the ways of righteousness, underscoring the importance of discipline as foundational to a godly life.

led astray
"Led astray" comes from the Hebrew "שָׁגָה" (shagah), meaning to wander or go astray. This word paints a picture of someone who has deviated from the right path, often due to deception or ignorance. In a biblical context, being led astray is frequently associated with following false teachings or succumbing to temptation. The imagery here is of a sheep that has wandered from the safety of the shepherd, vulnerable to predators. It serves as a reminder of the importance of staying close to God's truth to avoid spiritual peril.

by his own great folly
The phrase "his own great folly" is derived from the Hebrew "אִוֶּלֶת" (ivveleth), which refers to foolishness or senselessness. This is not mere ignorance but a willful rejection of wisdom and understanding. The use of "great" emphasizes the magnitude of the folly, suggesting a deep-seated, pervasive foolishness that governs one's actions. In the biblical narrative, folly is often contrasted with wisdom, which is rooted in the fear of the Lord (Proverbs 9:10). This contrast serves to highlight the self-destructive nature of living according to one's own understanding rather than seeking divine wisdom.