Come near
The phrase "Come near" is an invitation, a call to attention, and a summons to the nations. In the Hebrew text, the word used is "קִרְבוּ" (qirvu), which is an imperative form, urging the audience to draw close. This is not merely a physical proximity but a call to engage with the message that follows. In the context of Isaiah, this invitation is extended to all nations, emphasizing the universal scope of God's message and judgment. Historically, this reflects the prophetic tradition where God, through His prophets, calls people to listen and respond to His word.

O nations
The term "nations" (גּוֹיִם, goyim) refers to the Gentiles, or non-Israelite peoples. In the ancient Near Eastern context, this would include all the surrounding peoples and empires that interacted with Israel. Theologically, this highlights the inclusivity of God's message and His sovereignty over all the earth, not just Israel. It underscores the biblical theme that God's plans and purposes encompass all humanity, and His judgments are not limited to a single nation.

and listen
"Listen" (שִׁמְעוּ, shim'u) is another imperative, urging the audience to hear and heed the message. In the Hebrew tradition, listening is closely associated with obedience. The Shema, a central declaration of faith in Judaism, begins with the word "hear" (Deuteronomy 6:4). Thus, this call to listen is not passive but an active engagement with God's word, requiring a response. It is a reminder of the importance of being attentive to God's voice in a world filled with distractions.

O peoples!
The word "peoples" (לְאֻמִּים, le'umim) is similar to "nations" but can emphasize distinct ethnic or cultural groups. This reinforces the idea that God's message is for all humanity, transcending cultural and ethnic boundaries. In the biblical narrative, this reflects the vision of a world united under God's rule, where every tribe and tongue acknowledges His sovereignty.

Let the earth hear
The phrase "Let the earth hear" expands the audience from humanity to the entire creation. In Hebrew, "earth" (אֶרֶץ, eretz) can refer to the land, the world, or the physical creation. This reflects the biblical worldview where creation itself is involved in God's redemptive plan. It echoes the psalms and prophetic literature where the earth responds to God's actions, whether in judgment or blessing.

and all that fills it
This phrase emphasizes the totality of creation. "All that fills it" (וּמְלוֹאָהּ, umelo'ah) includes everything within the earth—people, animals, and all living things. It is a reminder of God's comprehensive dominion over creation. In the biblical context, this reflects the Genesis account where God creates and fills the earth, and it underscores the idea that all creation is accountable to its Creator.

the world
The term "world" (תֵּבֵל, tevel) often refers to the inhabited world or the realm of human activity. It is a reminder that God's message and judgment are relevant to the entire human experience. In the ancient context, this would include all known civilizations and cultures, highlighting the universal relevance of the prophetic message.

and all who dwell in it
This final phrase, "and all who dwell in it" (וְכָל־יֹשְׁבֵי בָהּ, vechol-yoshvei vah), personalizes the message, bringing it down to the individual level. It is a call to every person to recognize their place within God's creation and their responsibility to respond to His word. In the biblical narrative, this reflects the personal nature of God's relationship with humanity, where each individual is called to account before Him.

For the LORD is angry with all the nations
The phrase "For the LORD is angry" indicates a divine displeasure that is not arbitrary but rooted in the holiness and justice of God. The Hebrew word for "angry" here is "קָצַף" (qatsaph), which conveys a sense of intense indignation. This anger is not like human anger, which can be capricious or unjust, but is a righteous response to sin and rebellion. The phrase "with all the nations" underscores the universal scope of God's judgment. Historically, this reflects the period when the nations surrounding Israel were often in conflict with God's people, and it serves as a reminder that God's sovereignty extends over all the earth, not just Israel.

and His wrath is upon all their armies
The word "wrath" in Hebrew is "חֵמָה" (chemah), which signifies a burning anger. This is a continuation of the theme of divine judgment, emphasizing that God's response to sin is not passive. The phrase "upon all their armies" suggests a military context, where the armies of the nations are seen as instruments of opposition against God's purposes. In the historical context of Isaiah, this could refer to the Assyrian or Babylonian forces that threatened Israel. Spiritually, it reminds believers that no earthly power can stand against the will of God.

He has utterly destroyed them
The phrase "He has utterly destroyed" uses the Hebrew word "חָרַם" (charam), which means to devote to destruction or to ban. This term is often used in the context of holy war, where something is set apart for destruction as an offering to God. It indicates a complete and irrevocable judgment. This serves as a sobering reminder of the finality of God's judgment against sin and rebellion.

He has given them over to slaughter
The phrase "He has given them over" suggests a deliberate act of handing over, indicating that God is in control of the judgment process. The word "slaughter" in Hebrew is "טֶבַח" (tebach), which conveys a sense of a sacrificial offering. This imagery is stark and serves to highlight the seriousness of opposing God. It also points to the ultimate victory of God's justice over evil, reassuring believers that God's righteousness will prevail.

Their slain will be thrown out
This phrase paints a vivid picture of the aftermath of divine judgment. The Hebrew word for "slain" is "חלל" (chalal), which often refers to those who have been killed in battle. The imagery of bodies being "thrown out" suggests a scene of utter devastation and disrespect, where the dead are not given proper burials. In ancient Near Eastern cultures, burial was a significant ritual, and to be denied this was a sign of disgrace and divine disfavor. This phrase underscores the severity of God's judgment against the nations, emphasizing that those who oppose Him will face complete and utter ruin.

the stench of their corpses will rise
The word "stench" in Hebrew is "באש" (ba'ash), which conveys a sense of something that is offensive and repulsive. The rising stench of the corpses signifies not only the physical decay but also the moral and spiritual corruption that led to this judgment. In the ancient world, the smell of decay was a powerful symbol of death and impurity. This phrase serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of sin and rebellion against God. It also reflects the prophetic tradition of using vivid, sensory language to convey the seriousness of divine wrath.

the mountains will flow with their blood
The imagery of mountains flowing with blood is both dramatic and symbolic. In Hebrew, the word for "flow" is "נמס" (nâmês), which can mean to melt or dissolve, suggesting an overwhelming and unstoppable force. Mountains, often seen as symbols of strength and stability, are depicted here as being overwhelmed by the blood of the slain. This hyperbolic language emphasizes the totality of the destruction and the power of God's judgment. It also serves as a reminder of the ultimate justice of God, who will not allow evil to go unpunished. The flowing blood signifies the life that has been lost due to sin and rebellion, pointing to the seriousness of turning away from God's ways.

All the stars of heaven
This phrase evokes the grandeur and vastness of the celestial bodies, which in ancient times were often seen as symbols of divine order and permanence. The Hebrew word for "stars" is "כּוֹכָבִים" (kokhavim), which not only refers to literal stars but can also symbolize rulers or angelic beings. In a conservative Christian perspective, this imagery can be seen as a metaphor for the dismantling of earthly powers and authorities in the face of God's ultimate sovereignty. The "heaven" here, "שָׁמַיִם" (shamayim), represents the dwelling place of God, emphasizing His control over all creation.

will be dissolved
The Hebrew root for "dissolved" is "מָקַק" (maqaq), which means to decay or melt away. This conveys a sense of complete disintegration, suggesting that what seems permanent and unchangeable in the human perspective is transient before God's power. This imagery serves as a reminder of the temporality of the physical universe and the enduring nature of God's kingdom.

The sky will be rolled up like a scroll
The "sky" or "heavens" being "rolled up" uses the Hebrew "שָׁמַיִם" (shamayim) again, but here it is likened to a "scroll" (מְגִלָּה, megillah). In ancient times, scrolls were rolled up when their message had been read or completed. This metaphor suggests the completion of an era or divine decree. From a conservative Christian viewpoint, this can be interpreted as the culmination of God's plan for the world, where the current order is replaced by a new creation.

and all their stars will fall
The falling of the stars, "כּוֹכָבִים" (kokhavim), can be seen as a dramatic upheaval of the natural order. In biblical symbolism, stars often represent leaders or spiritual entities. Their fall signifies the judgment and removal of corrupt powers. This aligns with the eschatological themes found throughout Scripture, where the end times involve a great shaking of both the heavens and the earth.

like withered leaves from the vine
The imagery of "withered leaves" (נָבֵל, navel) from the "vine" (גֶּפֶן, gephen) suggests a natural process of decay and the inevitable end of a season. In the Bible, the vine is often a symbol of Israel or God's people. This phrase could imply the judgment upon those who have not borne fruit in keeping with God's purposes, echoing themes found in the teachings of Jesus about the vine and the branches.

like foliage from the fig tree
The "fig tree" (תְּאֵנָה, te'enah) is another significant biblical symbol, often representing Israel or spiritual fruitfulness. The falling of its "foliage" (עָלֶה, aleh) signifies a stripping away of what is unproductive or dead. In a conservative Christian interpretation, this can be seen as a call to spiritual readiness and the importance of bearing fruit in one's life, as the fig tree is often used in Scripture to illustrate lessons about faith and judgment.

When My sword
The phrase "My sword" is a metaphor for divine judgment and authority. In the Hebrew context, the sword often symbolizes God's power to execute justice. The imagery of a sword is prevalent throughout the Old Testament, representing God's ability to enforce His will and bring about His righteous decrees. The sword is not merely a weapon of war but a tool of divine retribution, emphasizing God's sovereignty over the nations.

has drunk its fill in the heavens
This phrase suggests a divine preparation or completion of judgment. The imagery of a sword "drinking" is vivid, indicating that God's judgment is thorough and complete. The mention of "the heavens" implies that this judgment is ordained and sanctioned by God Himself, transcending earthly realms. It reflects the idea that God's plans and purposes are established in the heavenly courts before they manifest on earth.

it will come down upon Edom
Edom, a nation descended from Esau, Jacob's brother, often symbolizes opposition to God's people, Israel. Historically, Edom had a tumultuous relationship with Israel, frequently opposing and betraying them. The prophetic declaration that God's sword will "come down upon Edom" signifies a specific and targeted judgment against those who have set themselves against God's chosen people. This serves as a reminder of God's protective covenant with Israel and His promise to vindicate them against their enemies.

upon the people I have devoted to destruction
The phrase "devoted to destruction" is derived from the Hebrew word "herem," which means something set apart for complete destruction as an offering to God. This concept is seen in the context of holy war, where certain peoples or cities were devoted to God through their destruction. It underscores the seriousness of divine judgment and the totality of God's justice. This phrase serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of persistent rebellion against God and His commands.

The sword of the LORD
This phrase signifies divine judgment and power. In Hebrew, the word for "sword" is "חֶרֶב" (chereb), often used metaphorically to represent God's instrument of judgment. The imagery of a sword underscores the seriousness and decisiveness of God's actions. Historically, swords were symbols of authority and warfare, and here it emphasizes God's sovereignty and the certainty of His justice.

is bathed in blood
The phrase "bathed in blood" indicates thoroughness and completeness in judgment. The Hebrew root for "bathed" suggests saturation, implying that the judgment is not partial but total. This imagery is vivid and stark, reflecting the severity of God's retribution against sin and rebellion. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of turning away from God's righteousness.

it is covered with fat
In ancient sacrificial practices, fat was considered the best part of the offering, symbolizing richness and abundance. The covering of the sword with fat suggests that the judgment is not only complete but also involves the best or choicest elements, indicating the thoroughness and the richness of God's justice.

the blood of lambs and goats
Lambs and goats were common sacrificial animals in the Old Testament, representing atonement and purification. The mention of their blood here symbolizes the sacrificial nature of the judgment. It points to the idea that judgment is a necessary precursor to purification and restoration, aligning with the sacrificial system that foreshadowed Christ's ultimate sacrifice.

the fat of the kidneys of rams
The kidneys and their fat were considered the choicest parts of the sacrificial animals, often reserved for God in offerings. This phrase emphasizes the completeness and the quality of the judgment. It also reflects the seriousness with which God views sin and the thoroughness of His justice, ensuring that nothing is left unaddressed.

For the LORD has a sacrifice
This phrase indicates that the judgment is not arbitrary but is part of a divine plan. The concept of sacrifice here ties back to the sacrificial system, where offerings were made to atone for sin. It suggests that God's judgment is purposeful and redemptive, ultimately pointing to the sacrifice of Christ, who bore the judgment for humanity's sins.

in Bozrah
Bozrah is a significant city mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, primarily known as a city of Edom. It is often associated with judgment and destruction in prophetic literature.

a great slaughter in the land of Edom
Edom, representing nations opposed to God, is often used symbolically for God's enemies. The "great slaughter" signifies the magnitude and inevitability of divine judgment against those who persist in rebellion. It serves as a powerful reminder of God's ultimate authority and the futility of resisting His will.

And the wild oxen will fall with them
The phrase "wild oxen" in Hebrew is "re'em," often translated as a powerful, untamed animal, possibly akin to a unicorn or a large horned beast. In the context of Isaiah, this imagery symbolizes strength and untamed power that will be brought low. The "fall" signifies a divine judgment where even the mightiest cannot stand against God's decree. Historically, this reflects the fate of nations and leaders who oppose God's will, emphasizing that no earthly power can withstand divine justice.

the young bulls with the mighty bulls
Here, "young bulls" and "mighty bulls" represent both the inexperienced and the seasoned leaders or warriors. The Hebrew word for "bulls" often denotes strength and virility. This phrase suggests that regardless of age or experience, all will face the same fate under God's judgment. It serves as a reminder that human strength and wisdom are insufficient without divine guidance and righteousness.

Their land will be soaked with blood
The imagery of land "soaked with blood" is a vivid depiction of the consequences of sin and rebellion against God. Blood in the Bible often symbolizes life, and its shedding indicates the loss of life due to judgment. This phrase underscores the severity of divine retribution and the totality of the devastation that comes upon those who defy God. It serves as a sobering reminder of the cost of sin and the importance of seeking God's mercy.

and their soil will be saturated with fat
In ancient sacrificial practices, "fat" was considered the best part of the offering, symbolizing abundance and richness. However, in this context, the "soil saturated with fat" indicates excessive destruction and the aftermath of divine wrath. It suggests that the land, once fertile and prosperous, becomes a testament to the consequences of turning away from God. This serves as a call to repentance and a return to righteousness, highlighting the transformative power of God's judgment and mercy.

For the LORD
The phrase "For the LORD" emphasizes the divine authority and sovereignty of God. In Hebrew, "LORD" is often represented as "YHWH," the sacred and personal name of God, highlighting His eternal and unchanging nature. This introduction sets the stage for the divine action that follows, reminding readers that the events are under God's control and purpose.

has a day of vengeance
The "day of vengeance" refers to a specific time appointed by God for executing judgment. The Hebrew word for "vengeance" is "naqam," which implies not just punishment but a righteous and just response to wrongdoing. This concept is rooted in the justice of God, who is portrayed throughout Scripture as a righteous judge who will ultimately set things right.

a time of retribution
The phrase "a time of retribution" underscores the idea of divine justice being meted out. The Hebrew word "shillum" conveys the notion of recompense or repayment. This is not arbitrary punishment but a measured response to the actions of those who have opposed God's people. It reflects the biblical principle that God will repay according to deeds, as seen in both the Old and New Testaments.

for Edom’s hostility
"Edom’s hostility" refers to the longstanding enmity between Edom and Israel. Historically, Edom, descended from Esau, Jacob's brother, often opposed Israel, leading to conflict and animosity. This phrase highlights the specific reason for God's judgment, rooted in Edom's persistent aggression and betrayal against their kin, Israel.

against Zion
"Zion" is a term that represents Jerusalem and, more broadly, the people of God. It is a place of spiritual significance, symbolizing God's dwelling and His covenant relationship with His people. The hostility against Zion is not just a political or military act but a spiritual affront to God's chosen place and people. This underscores the seriousness of Edom's actions and the reason for divine retribution.

Her streams
The Hebrew word for "streams" is "נַחֲלֵיהָ" (nachaleha), which often refers to flowing bodies of water such as rivers or brooks. In the context of Isaiah 34, these streams symbolize the life-giving and sustaining resources of a land. The transformation of these streams into tar signifies a complete reversal of their natural state, indicating divine judgment and desolation. This imagery serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of turning away from God, as the life-giving waters are replaced with something unusable and destructive.

will be turned to tar
The transformation of streams into "tar" (זֶפֶת, zepheth) is a vivid depiction of judgment. Tar, a sticky and flammable substance, represents something that is not only unusable but also a source of danger and destruction. This imagery is consistent with the biblical theme of divine retribution, where the natural order is upended as a consequence of sin. The use of tar here may also evoke the historical context of ancient Near Eastern practices, where tar was used in construction and warfare, further emphasizing the totality of the land's devastation.

and her soil to sulfur
The Hebrew word for "sulfur" is "גָּפְרִית" (gophrith), often associated with destruction and divine wrath, as seen in the account of Sodom and Gomorrah (Genesis 19:24). Sulfur, known for its pungent smell and association with fire, symbolizes a land that is cursed and uninhabitable. The transformation of soil into sulfur indicates a complete and irreversible judgment, rendering the land barren and lifeless. This serves as a powerful warning of the consequences of persistent rebellion against God.

her land will become a blazing pitch
The phrase "blazing pitch" (זֶפֶת בֹּעֵר, zepheth bo'er) combines the imagery of fire and tar, suggesting a land engulfed in flames and smoke. Pitch, a derivative of tar, is highly flammable, and its burning represents a scene of utter devastation. This imagery is not only a literal depiction of destruction but also a metaphor for the consuming nature of God's judgment. The historical context of ancient warfare, where cities were often set ablaze, underscores the severity of the prophecy. This serves as a sobering reminder of the holiness and justice of God, who will not tolerate sin indefinitely.

It will not be quenched
The phrase "It will not be quenched" speaks to the unending nature of God's judgment. The Hebrew root for "quenched" is "kavah," which means to extinguish or put out. This imagery is often used in the Bible to describe divine wrath that cannot be stopped by human means. The unquenchable fire signifies the totality and completeness of God's judgment against sin, emphasizing His holiness and justice. In a broader theological context, this serves as a warning to all generations about the seriousness of sin and the certainty of divine retribution.

night or day
The phrase "night or day" underscores the continuous and relentless nature of the judgment. In the ancient Near Eastern context, the cycle of day and night was a symbol of the natural order and the passage of time. By stating that the fire will not be quenched "night or day," the text emphasizes that this judgment transcends time and is not subject to the natural cycles of the world. It is a divine act that stands outside of human control or intervention, highlighting the sovereignty of God over creation.

its smoke will ascend forever
"Smoke" in biblical literature often symbolizes the presence of destruction and judgment. The Hebrew word "ashan" is used here, which can also denote the aftermath of a consuming fire. The phrase "will ascend forever" suggests an eternal consequence, a perpetual reminder of the judgment that has taken place. This imagery is reminiscent of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, where smoke rising from the cities served as a lasting testament to God's judgment. It serves as a sobering reminder of the eternal nature of divine justice.

From generation to generation
This phrase indicates the lasting impact of the judgment. The Hebrew "dor l'dor" implies continuity across time, suggesting that the desolation will be a perpetual state, witnessed by successive generations. This serves as a historical and moral lesson for all who come after, reinforcing the idea that the consequences of sin can have enduring effects. It also reflects the biblical theme of legacy and the importance of remembering God's acts throughout history.

it will lie desolate
The word "desolate" comes from the Hebrew "shemamah," which means a state of utter ruin and emptiness. This desolation is not just physical but also spiritual, representing the absence of life and divine favor. In the biblical context, desolation is often a result of divine judgment, where the land is left barren as a consequence of the people's sins. This serves as a stark warning of the spiritual barrenness that results from turning away from God.

no one will ever pass through it again
This final phrase emphasizes the total and irreversible nature of the judgment. The Hebrew "lo avar" suggests a complete cessation of activity and life. In ancient times, a land that no one passed through was considered cursed and forsaken. This imagery conveys the idea of divine abandonment, where the land is left to its desolation as a testament to the severity of God's judgment. It serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of sin and the importance of remaining faithful to God's covenant.

The desert owl and screech owl will possess it
In the Hebrew text, the word for "desert owl" is "qippowz," which is often associated with desolation and wilderness. The "screech owl" is translated from "yachmur," a term that can also refer to a type of wild animal. These creatures symbolize desolation and abandonment, indicating that the land will be so forsaken that only creatures of the night and wilderness will inhabit it. This imagery is consistent with the prophetic theme of divine judgment, where once-thriving places become barren and uninhabitable due to God's righteous wrath.

the great owl and raven will dwell in it
The "great owl" is translated from "yanshuwph," another bird associated with desolation. The "raven," or "oreb" in Hebrew, is a scavenger bird, often seen as unclean in the Jewish tradition. The presence of these birds further emphasizes the complete desolation and ruin of the land. Historically, the raven is a symbol of death and decay, reinforcing the idea that the land will be left in utter ruin, a place of death rather than life.

He will stretch out a measuring line of chaos
The "measuring line" is a tool used in construction to ensure straightness and accuracy. Here, it is metaphorically used to describe God's precise and deliberate judgment. The "chaos" or "tohu" in Hebrew, refers to a state of formlessness and confusion, reminiscent of the pre-creation state described in Genesis 1:2. This suggests that God's judgment will return the land to a state of utter disorder, undoing the order and beauty that once existed.

and a plumb line of destruction over it
A "plumb line" is used to ensure vertical accuracy in building, symbolizing God's exacting standards in judgment. The "destruction" or "bohu" in Hebrew, complements "tohu," and together they describe a complete and utter desolation. This phrase underscores the thoroughness of God's judgment, leaving no part of the land untouched. The use of construction imagery highlights the reversal of creation, where God, the ultimate architect, deconstructs what was once built due to the people's sin and rebellion.

No nobles
The Hebrew word for "nobles" is "חֹרִים" (chorim), which refers to leaders or dignitaries. In the context of Isaiah 34, this phrase signifies the complete desolation and absence of leadership in Edom, a nation often at odds with Israel. Historically, Edom was known for its strong leadership and strategic location. The absence of nobles indicates a total collapse of societal structure and governance, symbolizing divine judgment and the futility of human power against God's will.

will be left
The phrase "will be left" comes from the Hebrew root "שָׁאַר" (sha'ar), meaning to remain or be left over. This suggests a complete eradication, leaving nothing behind. In the biblical narrative, remnants often signify hope or survival, but here, the absence of any remnant underscores the totality of God's judgment on Edom. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of pride and rebellion against God.

to proclaim a king
The act of proclaiming a king involves anointing and recognizing a leader, a significant event in ancient Near Eastern cultures. The Hebrew word "קָרָא" (qara) means to call or proclaim. In this context, the inability to proclaim a king highlights the absence of order and authority. Biblically, kingship is often associated with God's anointed leadership, and the lack of a king in Edom signifies divine rejection and the end of their national identity.

and all her princes
The term "princes" is translated from the Hebrew "שָׂרִים" (sarim), referring to officials or rulers. Princes were responsible for governance and maintaining order. The mention of "all her princes" emphasizes the complete dismantling of Edom's ruling class. This reflects a broader biblical theme where God humbles the proud and powerful, reminding believers of the transient nature of earthly authority compared to God's eternal sovereignty.

will come to nothing
The phrase "will come to nothing" is derived from the Hebrew "אָיִן" (ayin), meaning non-existence or nothingness. This stark conclusion to the verse underscores the futility of human endeavors apart from God. In the biblical context, it serves as a warning against self-reliance and pride. The ultimate fate of Edom's leaders is a powerful testament to the truth that without God, even the mightiest will fade into obscurity.

Thorns will overgrow her citadels
The word "thorns" in Hebrew is "קֹמֶשׁ" (qomes), which often symbolizes desolation and neglect. In the ancient Near East, citadels were strongholds or fortified centers of a city, representing power and security. The imagery of thorns overtaking these citadels suggests a complete reversal of fortune, where once mighty and secure places become abandoned and desolate. This serves as a powerful metaphor for divine judgment, where human pride and strength are brought low.

Nettles and brambles will overrun her fortresses
"Nettles" and "brambles" are plants that thrive in neglected areas, further emphasizing the theme of desolation. The Hebrew word for "nettles" is "חָרֻל" (harul), and "brambles" is "סִרְפַּד" (sirpad). Fortresses, like citadels, were symbols of protection and human achievement. The overgrowth of these plants indicates a complete abandonment and the futility of relying on human defenses against divine judgment. Historically, this reflects the fate of many ancient cities that fell due to their disobedience to God.

She will become a haunt for jackals
The "jackal" in Hebrew is "תַּנִּים" (tannim), often associated with desolation and ruin in the Bible. Jackals are scavengers, thriving in deserted and ruined places. The transformation of a once-thriving city into a haunt for jackals underscores the totality of God's judgment. It serves as a warning that without God, even the greatest human achievements can become desolate.

A dwelling for ostriches
"Ostriches" in Hebrew is "יַעֲנָה" (ya'anah), creatures known for inhabiting desolate and barren places. The mention of ostriches living in what were once bustling human habitations further illustrates the complete desolation and reversal of fortunes. In the biblical context, this imagery serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of turning away from God. It is a call to repentance and humility, recognizing that true security and prosperity come from obedience to God.

The desert creatures
The Hebrew term here is often translated as "wild beasts of the desert" or "creatures of the wilderness." This phrase evokes the image of desolation and abandonment, a place where only the wild and untamed can survive. In the context of Isaiah, it symbolizes the judgment and desolation that will come upon the nations that oppose God. The wilderness is often used in Scripture as a place of testing and judgment, as seen in the Israelites' journey through the desert.

will meet with hyenas
Hyenas are scavengers, often associated with death and decay. In the ancient Near East, they were seen as unclean animals. The meeting of desert creatures with hyenas suggests a gathering of unclean and desolate forces, emphasizing the complete desolation and ruin that will befall the land. This imagery serves as a stark warning of the consequences of turning away from God.

and one wild goat will call to another
The wild goat, or "satyr" in some translations, is a creature associated with desolation and the wilderness. The calling of one to another suggests a haunting, eerie atmosphere, reinforcing the theme of abandonment. In biblical symbolism, goats are often used to represent sin and separation from God, as seen in the scapegoat ritual of Leviticus 16.

there the night creature
The "night creature" is sometimes translated as "screech owl" or "Lilith" in other versions. In Jewish folklore, Lilith is a figure associated with the night and desolation. The presence of such a creature in this desolate landscape underscores the complete and utter abandonment of the land. It serves as a metaphor for spiritual desolation and the absence of God's presence.

will settle and find her place of repose
The idea of settling and finding repose suggests a permanent state of desolation. The land is so forsaken that even creatures of the night find it a suitable dwelling place. This phrase highlights the finality of God's judgment on those who oppose Him. It serves as a sobering reminder of the consequences of sin and the importance of seeking refuge in God.

There the owl will make her nest
The word "owl" in Hebrew is often associated with creatures of desolation and solitude. In the context of Isaiah 34, which speaks of divine judgment upon the nations, the owl symbolizes the desolation that will come upon the land. The owl making her nest signifies a place that has become uninhabitable for humans, now taken over by creatures of the night. This imagery serves as a stark reminder of the consequences of turning away from God, leading to spiritual desolation.

lay and hatch her eggs
The process of laying and hatching eggs indicates a cycle of life continuing even in desolation. It suggests that even in judgment, life persists, albeit in a form that is far removed from the intended flourishing of God's creation. This phrase can inspire reflection on the resilience of life and the hope that remains even in the bleakest circumstances, pointing to God's sovereignty over all creation.

and gather her young under her shadow
The image of the owl gathering her young under her shadow evokes a sense of protection and care, even in a desolate environment. This can be seen as a metaphor for God's protective nature, even when His people face judgment. It serves as a reminder that God's love and care are present, even in times of trial and desolation, offering a shadow of refuge for those who seek Him.

there too the falcons will gather
Falcons, known for their keen sight and predatory nature, gathering in this desolate place, further emphasize the theme of judgment. The presence of these birds of prey suggests a land that has been abandoned by humans and is now a domain for creatures that thrive in such conditions. This gathering can be seen as a symbol of the inevitability of divine justice, where the natural order reflects the spiritual state of the land.

each with its mate
The phrase "each with its mate" highlights the natural order and continuity of life, even amidst desolation. It suggests a sense of completeness and fulfillment of purpose, as each creature finds its counterpart. This can be interpreted as a reminder of God's design and order in creation, which persists even when human society falls into chaos. It serves as an encouragement to seek alignment with God's purposes, ensuring that one's life is in harmony with His divine order.

Seek out the book of the LORD, and read
This phrase emphasizes the importance of turning to the Scriptures for guidance and understanding. The Hebrew word for "seek" (דָּרַשׁ, darash) implies a diligent search or inquiry, suggesting that believers should actively pursue the wisdom and knowledge contained in God's Word. The "book of the LORD" refers to the sacred texts, underscoring their divine origin and authority. Historically, this reflects the Jewish tradition of valuing the Torah and other sacred writings as the ultimate source of truth. In a conservative Christian perspective, this phrase encourages believers to prioritize Scripture in their lives, recognizing it as the foundation of faith and practice.

Not one of these will be missing
This phrase assures the reader of the completeness and reliability of God's Word. The context of Isaiah 34 speaks to God's judgment and the fulfillment of His promises. The Hebrew word for "missing" (פָּקַד, paqad) can also mean to be lacking or absent. This assurance is a reminder that every prophecy and promise in Scripture will come to pass, reflecting God's sovereignty and faithfulness. For conservative Christians, this reinforces the belief in the inerrancy and infallibility of the Bible, encouraging trust in God's perfect plan.

not one will lack her mate
This phrase uses the imagery of pairing to convey the idea of fulfillment and completeness. In the context of Isaiah 34, it suggests that every prophecy and decree of God will find its counterpart in reality. The Hebrew word for "mate" (רֵעַ, rea) can mean companion or counterpart, emphasizing the idea of perfect pairing. This imagery reassures believers that God's Word is harmonious and consistent, with each part supporting and complementing the others. For conservative Christians, this highlights the interconnectedness of Scripture and the importance of interpreting it as a unified whole.

For it is His mouth that has given the order
This phrase attributes the authority and origin of the Scriptures to God Himself. The "mouth" of the LORD symbolizes His command and creative power, as seen in the creation narrative where God speaks the world into existence. The Hebrew word for "order" (צָוָה, tsavah) implies a command or decree, underscoring the authoritative nature of God's Word. This reflects the belief that Scripture is divinely inspired and carries the weight of God's authority. For conservative Christians, this phrase affirms the divine inspiration of the Bible, encouraging submission to its teachings.

and His Spirit will gather them together
This phrase highlights the role of the Holy Spirit in the preservation and fulfillment of God's Word. The Hebrew word for "gather" (אָסַף, asaph) suggests bringing together or assembling, indicating the Spirit's active involvement in ensuring the realization of God's promises. This reflects the belief in the Holy Spirit's work in guiding and illuminating the Scriptures for believers. For conservative Christians, this phrase emphasizes the importance of relying on the Holy Spirit for understanding and applying God's Word, recognizing His role in the life of the believer and the church.

He has allotted
The phrase "He has allotted" signifies God's sovereign authority and intentionality in distributing portions. The Hebrew root for "allotted" is "חָלַק" (chalak), which means to divide or apportion. This reflects the divine prerogative in determining the fate and inheritance of nations and peoples. In a broader biblical context, it echoes the division of the Promised Land among the tribes of Israel, emphasizing God's control over the destinies of nations.

their portion
"Portion" in Hebrew is "חֵלֶק" (chelek), which can refer to a share or inheritance. This term is often used in the Old Testament to describe the inheritance given to the tribes of Israel. Here, it underscores the idea that God has a specific plan and place for each nation, just as He did for His chosen people. It serves as a reminder of God's providence and the assurance that He provides for His creation.

with His hand
The phrase "with His hand" is a metaphor for God's power and personal involvement. In biblical literature, the hand of God often symbolizes His strength, authority, and active participation in the affairs of the world. This imagery reassures believers of God's intimate involvement in the world, orchestrating events according to His divine will.

His hand has divided it
Reiterating the previous imagery, "His hand has divided it" emphasizes God's meticulous and deliberate action in distributing the land. The Hebrew word for "divided" is "נָחַל" (nachal), which can also mean to inherit or possess. This suggests not only the act of division but also the establishment of rightful ownership, reinforcing the idea of divine justice and order.

among them by lot
The use of "by lot" refers to the ancient practice of casting lots to make decisions or determine God's will, as seen in the allocation of land in the book of Joshua. This method underscores the belief in God's sovereignty, as the outcome of the lot was seen as divinely ordained. It highlights the trust in God's wisdom and fairness in distributing resources and responsibilities.

They will possess it forever
The promise "They will possess it forever" speaks to the enduring nature of God's decrees. The Hebrew word for "forever" is "עוֹלָם" (olam), which can mean eternity or a long duration. This assurance of perpetual possession reflects the eternal nature of God's promises and the stability that comes from His unchanging character.

they will dwell there
"Dwell" in Hebrew is "יָשַׁב" (yashab), meaning to sit, remain, or inhabit. This conveys a sense of permanence and peace, suggesting that those who receive God's allotted portion will find a lasting home. It evokes the biblical theme of rest and security found in God's provision.

from generation to generation
The phrase "from generation to generation" emphasizes the continuity and faithfulness of God's promises across time. It reassures believers that God's covenantal commitments extend beyond the present, impacting future generations. This continuity is a testament to God's unchanging nature and His enduring relationship with His people.