Now there was a man
This phrase introduces us to a narrative that is both historical and theological. The Hebrew word for "man" here is "ish," which often signifies not just a male individual but a person of significance or standing. This sets the stage for the introduction of Elkanah, a man whose life and family will play a crucial role in the unfolding account of Israel.

from Ramathaim-zophim
Ramathaim-zophim is a location of great significance. The name itself means "the heights of the watchers," suggesting a place of elevation both physically and spiritually. This town is situated in the hill country of Ephraim, indicating a setting that is central to the tribal lands of Israel. The mention of this place connects the narrative to the broader geographical and tribal context of the nation.

in the hill country of Ephraim
The hill country of Ephraim is a region known for its rugged terrain and strategic importance. Ephraim was one of the prominent tribes of Israel, often associated with leadership and strength. This setting underscores the importance of the events that will unfold, as they are rooted in a place of historical and spiritual significance.

and his name was Elkanah
The name Elkanah means "God has created" or "God has possessed." This name reflects a deep theological truth about God's sovereignty and creative power. Elkanah's name is a reminder of God's active role in the lives of His people, orchestrating events according to His divine plan.

son of Jeroham, the son of Elihu, the son of Tohu, the son of Zuph
This genealogical detail is not merely a historical record but a testament to the faithfulness of God across generations. Each name in this lineage carries its own meaning and significance, contributing to the rich tapestry of Israel's history. Jeroham means "may he be compassionate," Elihu means "He is my God," Tohu means "lowly" or "humble," and Zuph means "honeycomb" or "overflowing." Together, they paint a picture of a family rooted in faith and divine purpose.

an Ephraimite
Although Elkanah is described as an Ephraimite, it is important to note that he is actually a Levite by descent, as detailed in 1 Chronicles 6:22-28. This dual identity highlights the interconnectedness of the tribes of Israel and the unique role of the Levites as spiritual leaders and servants. Elkanah's Ephraimite identity situates him within the broader community, emphasizing the unity and diversity of God's people.

He had two wives
In the ancient Near Eastern context, polygamy was a common practice, especially among those who were wealthy or of high status. The Hebrew word for "wives" is "נָשִׁים" (nashim), which is the plural form of "אִשָּׁה" (ishah), meaning "woman" or "wife." This practice, while not God's original design for marriage as seen in Genesis 2:24, was tolerated in certain periods of Israel's history. The presence of two wives sets the stage for the familial tension and personal struggles that will unfold in the narrative.

one named Hannah
The name "Hannah" (חַנָּה) means "grace" or "favor" in Hebrew. This name is significant as it reflects the grace that God will eventually bestow upon her. Hannah's account is one of deep personal anguish and fervent prayer, and her name foreshadows the divine favor she will receive. Her character is a model of faith and perseverance, embodying the grace that her name signifies.

and the other Peninnah
Peninnah's name (פְּנִנָּה) is derived from a word meaning "pearl" or "coral," suggesting something of value or beauty. However, in the narrative, Peninnah's role is more complex, as she becomes a source of provocation and distress for Hannah. Her presence in the account highlights the cultural and personal challenges of polygamous relationships, where rivalry and jealousy often arose.

And Peninnah had children
The ability to bear children was highly valued in ancient Israelite society, as children were seen as a blessing from God and a means of continuing the family lineage. Peninnah's fertility is contrasted with Hannah's barrenness, setting up a dynamic of tension and competition. The Hebrew word for "children" is "יְלָדִים" (yeladim), emphasizing the blessing and social status that Peninnah enjoyed.

but Hannah had none
Hannah's barrenness is a central theme in this narrative. In the cultural context, a woman's worth was often measured by her ability to bear children, and barrenness was seen as a source of shame and social stigma. The Hebrew word for "none" is "אֵין" (ein), indicating the absence or lack of something. Hannah's childlessness is not just a personal sorrow but a societal burden, which she bears with grace and faith. Her account is a powerful testament to the transformative power of prayer and God's ability to bring life and hope out of barrenness.

Year after year
This phrase emphasizes the regularity and faithfulness of Elkanah's worship practices. In the Hebrew context, this indicates a deep commitment to the religious customs and a steadfast dedication to God. The repetition of this pilgrimage underscores the importance of consistent worship and the rhythm of spiritual life in ancient Israel. It serves as a reminder of the importance of perseverance in faith and the blessings that come from regular communion with God.

this man
Referring to Elkanah, the husband of Hannah and father of Samuel. Elkanah is portrayed as a devout man, setting an example for his family and community. His actions reflect the patriarchal structure of the time, where the head of the household led in spiritual matters. This highlights the role of spiritual leadership within the family, a principle that remains significant in conservative Christian teachings.

would go up
The phrase "go up" is significant in the Hebrew context, as it often refers to ascending to a place of worship, both physically and spiritually. Shiloh, where the tabernacle was located, was on higher ground, symbolizing the act of drawing closer to God. This ascent is a metaphor for spiritual elevation and the journey towards holiness, encouraging believers to seek higher spiritual ground in their own lives.

from his city
Elkanah's journey from his city to Shiloh illustrates the practice of pilgrimage, a common aspect of ancient Israelite worship. This journey signifies leaving behind the mundane and entering a sacred space, a concept that resonates with the Christian idea of setting aside time and space for God. It also reflects the communal aspect of worship, as people from various cities would gather together in Shiloh.

to worship and sacrifice
Worship and sacrifice were central to the religious life of Israel. Worship involved acts of devotion and reverence, while sacrifice was a tangible expression of faith and obedience. The Hebrew word for worship, "shachah," implies bowing down or prostrating oneself, indicating humility before God. Sacrifice, often involving animals, was a means of atonement and thanksgiving, pointing to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ in the New Testament.

to the LORD of Hosts
This title for God, "LORD of Hosts" (Yahweh Sabaoth), emphasizes His sovereignty and power over all heavenly and earthly armies. It reflects God's majesty and authority, reassuring believers of His control over all circumstances. This name for God is a reminder of His protection and provision, encouraging trust and reliance on His strength.

at Shiloh
Shiloh was the religious center of Israel before the establishment of Jerusalem as the capital. It housed the tabernacle, the dwelling place of God's presence among His people. The historical and archaeological significance of Shiloh underscores its role as a focal point of worship and a symbol of God's covenant with Israel. It serves as a reminder of the importance of sacred spaces in fostering a connection with the divine.

where Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests
Eli's sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests serving at Shiloh. Their presence in the narrative foreshadows the corruption and moral decline that would later be revealed. This highlights the importance of integrity and righteousness in spiritual leadership, a theme that resonates with the call for holiness and accountability in Christian ministry today.

to the LORD
The phrase "to the LORD" signifies that the worship and sacrifices were directed towards Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel. It emphasizes the personal relationship between God and His people, a relationship based on love, obedience, and faithfulness. This personal connection is central to the Christian faith, where believers are called to live lives dedicated to the Lord, reflecting His character and purposes.

And whenever the day came
This phrase indicates a recurring event, suggesting a regular, faithful observance of religious duties. The Hebrew word for "day" (יוֹם, yom) often signifies a specific time set apart for worship or sacrifice. This reflects the devout nature of Elkanah's household, emphasizing the importance of consistent worship in the life of a believer. Historically, this would have been during one of the three annual pilgrimage festivals, such as Passover, Shavuot, or Sukkot, when Israelites were commanded to appear before the Lord.

for Elkanah to sacrifice
The act of sacrifice was central to Old Testament worship, symbolizing atonement and devotion to God. The Hebrew root for "sacrifice" (זָבַח, zavach) implies a ritual offering, often involving the shedding of blood, which foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ. Elkanah's role as the one who sacrifices highlights the responsibility of the head of the household to lead in spiritual matters, a principle that resonates with the New Testament call for men to be spiritual leaders in their families.

he would give portions of the meat
This practice of distributing portions of the sacrificial meal is rooted in the peace offerings described in Leviticus. The Hebrew word for "portions" (מָנוֹת, manot) suggests a division or allocation, symbolizing fellowship and communal participation in the blessings of God. It reflects the communal aspect of worship, where the blessings of God are shared among His people, fostering unity and gratitude.

to his wife Peninnah
Peninnah, whose name means "pearl" or "jewel," was one of Elkanah's two wives. Her mention here sets the stage for the familial tensions that follow, particularly with Hannah, Elkanah's other wife. The practice of polygamy, though recorded in the Old Testament, often led to strife and division, as seen in this narrative. This highlights the biblical ideal of monogamous marriage as a reflection of God's covenant relationship with His people.

and to all her sons and daughters
The mention of Peninnah's children underscores the theme of fertility and blessing, which is central to the narrative of 1 Samuel. In the ancient Near Eastern context, children were seen as a sign of divine favor and a source of familial strength. This sets up the contrast with Hannah's initial barrenness, which becomes a pivotal element in the unfolding account of God's miraculous intervention and the birth of Samuel, a key figure in Israel's history.

But to Hannah
The name "Hannah" in Hebrew is "Channah," which means "grace" or "favor." This name is significant as it reflects the grace of God that will eventually be bestowed upon her. Hannah's account is one of deep personal struggle and faith, and her name foreshadows the divine favor she will receive. In the context of ancient Israel, a woman's identity and worth were often tied to her ability to bear children, making Hannah's situation particularly poignant.

he would give
The act of giving here is significant. In Hebrew, the verb "natan" is used, which means "to give" or "to bestow." This action by Elkanah, Hannah's husband, is an expression of love and favor. It is a deliberate act that goes beyond cultural norms, showing his deep affection and support for Hannah despite her barrenness.

a double portion
The phrase "double portion" is translated from the Hebrew "manah 'ahath appayim," which literally means "a portion of two faces." This idiom suggests a portion that is double or abundant. In the cultural context, this was a significant gesture, as it was customary to give a single portion to each family member. Elkanah's giving of a double portion to Hannah signifies his special love and esteem for her, despite her inability to bear children.

for he loved her
The Hebrew word for love here is "ahav," which denotes a deep, abiding affection. Elkanah's love for Hannah is profound and unconditional, not based on her ability to fulfill societal expectations of motherhood. This love is a reflection of God's love for His people, which is not contingent on their actions or status.

even though the LORD had closed her womb
This phrase acknowledges the sovereignty of God in Hannah's situation. The Hebrew word for "closed" is "sagar," which means to shut or close up. This indicates that Hannah's barrenness was not due to any fault of her own but was part of God's divine plan. In the ancient Near Eastern context, fertility was often seen as a blessing from the gods, and barrenness as a curse. However, this verse challenges that notion by attributing Hannah's condition to the LORD, suggesting a purpose beyond human understanding. It sets the stage for the miraculous intervention that will follow, highlighting themes of faith, patience, and divine timing.

Because the LORD had closed Hannah’s womb
This phrase highlights the sovereignty of God in the lives of His people. The Hebrew word for "closed" is "סָגַר" (sagar), which means to shut or close. In the ancient Near Eastern context, fertility was often seen as a direct blessing from God, and barrenness was viewed as a divine withholding. This phrase underscores the belief that God is in control of all aspects of life, including fertility. It also sets the stage for understanding Hannah's deep anguish and her fervent prayers to God, as she recognizes that only He can change her situation.

her rival
The term "rival" refers to Peninnah, Elkanah's other wife. In the Hebrew culture, polygamy was practiced, and it often led to familial strife and jealousy. The word used here is "צָרָה" (tsarah), which can mean adversary or co-wife. This highlights the tension and competition that existed between Hannah and Peninnah, a common issue in polygamous households where one wife was favored over another.

would provoke her
The Hebrew word for "provoke" is "כָּעַס" (kaas), which means to irritate or vex. This indicates that Peninnah's actions were intentional and aimed at causing emotional distress to Hannah. The provoking was not just a one-time event but a continual action, suggesting a persistent and deliberate attempt to upset Hannah.

and taunt her viciously
The phrase "taunt her viciously" conveys the intensity and cruelty of Peninnah's actions. The Hebrew root "רָעַם" (raam) implies a loud, thunderous noise, suggesting that Peninnah's taunts were not only hurtful but also public and humiliating. This public shaming would have added to Hannah's distress, as her barrenness was already a source of personal shame and societal stigma.

And year after year
This phrase emphasizes the persistent and ongoing nature of Hannah's trials. The Hebrew root here, "shanah," signifies a cycle or repetition, underscoring the relentless nature of her suffering. Historically, this reflects the annual pilgrimage to Shiloh, where the tabernacle was located, a practice rooted in the Israelites' covenant relationship with God. It highlights Hannah's faithfulness despite her personal anguish.

she went up
The act of going up to the house of the LORD signifies a physical and spiritual ascent. The Hebrew verb "alah" conveys movement towards something higher, both geographically and spiritually. This pilgrimage to Shiloh was not just a journey but an act of worship and obedience, reflecting Hannah's devotion and hope in God's presence.

to the house of the LORD
This refers to the tabernacle at Shiloh, the central place of worship before the construction of the temple in Jerusalem. The "house of the LORD" was where the Ark of the Covenant resided, symbolizing God's presence among His people. For Hannah, this was a place of refuge and supplication, where she sought divine intervention for her barrenness.

And as she went up
The repetition of her journey underscores her resilience and determination. Despite the emotional pain she endured, Hannah continued to fulfill her religious duties. This phrase highlights her unwavering faith and the hope that each visit might bring a change in her circumstances.

her rival taunted her
The word "rival" refers to Peninnah, Elkanah's other wife, who had children. The Hebrew term "tsarah" implies an adversary or one who causes distress. Peninnah's taunting was a source of deep emotional pain for Hannah, exacerbating her sense of inadequacy and sorrow. This reflects the cultural importance of childbearing in ancient Israel, where a woman's worth was often measured by her ability to bear children.

until she wept
Hannah's weeping is a profound expression of her grief and despair. The Hebrew verb "bakah" conveys intense crying, indicative of her deep emotional turmoil. This weeping was not just a response to Peninnah's taunts but also a manifestation of her longing for a child and her sense of helplessness.

and would not eat
This phrase indicates the depth of Hannah's distress, affecting her physical well-being. In the context of a sacrificial meal, her refusal to eat signifies her inability to partake in the communal joy and celebration. It reflects a state of fasting, often associated with mourning and supplication in the Hebrew tradition, as she poured out her heart to God in silent prayer and lamentation.

And her husband Elkanah would ask her
The name "Elkanah" in Hebrew means "God has created" or "God has possessed." Elkanah, as a husband, represents a figure of care and concern, reflecting the divine nature of God as a provider and protector. His role in this narrative is crucial as he attempts to comfort Hannah, showing the importance of spousal support in times of distress. Historically, Elkanah is a Levite, and his lineage is significant in the context of Israel's priestly heritage, emphasizing the spiritual backdrop of the story.

Hannah, why are you crying?
The name "Hannah" means "grace" or "favor" in Hebrew, which is deeply ironic given her situation of barrenness, a condition often viewed as a lack of divine favor in ancient Israel. Elkanah's question highlights the emotional turmoil Hannah is experiencing. In the cultural context, a woman's worth was often tied to her ability to bear children, making Hannah's tears a reflection of societal pressure and personal grief.

Why won’t you eat?
In ancient Near Eastern culture, eating was not just a physical necessity but a communal activity that signified joy and fellowship. Hannah's refusal to eat indicates a deep-seated sorrow that disrupts her participation in family and religious life. This phrase underscores the depth of her despair, as she is unable to partake in the celebratory aspects of life due to her unfulfilled longing for a child.

Why is your heart grieved?
The heart in Hebrew thought is the center of emotion, will, and intellect. Elkanah's question points to the internal struggle Hannah faces, a grief that goes beyond physical barrenness to touch her very identity and purpose. This phrase invites readers to consider the profound impact of unfulfilled desires and the spiritual wrestling that accompanies such trials.

Am I not better to you than ten sons?
Elkanah's rhetorical question reveals both his love for Hannah and a misunderstanding of her plight. The number "ten" in biblical terms often signifies completeness or perfection. Elkanah is expressing his devotion, suggesting that his love should be sufficient. However, this also highlights the cultural and personal expectations placed on women to bear children. His question reflects a tension between personal relationships and societal roles, inviting reflection on where true fulfillment is found.

So Hannah got up
The phrase "So Hannah got up" signifies a pivotal moment of action and determination. In the Hebrew text, the verb used here is "קָם" (qam), which means to rise or stand up. This action is not merely physical but also symbolic of Hannah's resolve and faith. After enduring emotional turmoil due to her barrenness and the provocation of her rival, Peninnah, Hannah's decision to rise indicates a turning point where she chooses to seek divine intervention. This act of getting up is a metaphor for spiritual awakening and determination to approach God with her deepest desires.

after they had eaten and drunk in Shiloh
The setting in Shiloh is significant, as it was the religious center of Israel at the time, housing the tabernacle where the Ark of the Covenant was kept. The mention of eating and drinking suggests a communal meal, likely part of the sacrificial feast. In the context of ancient Israelite culture, such feasts were not only physical nourishment but also spiritual acts of worship and fellowship. Hannah's participation in this meal before her prayer highlights the integration of daily life with spiritual devotion, emphasizing that her plea to God is rooted in a life of worship and community.

Now Eli the priest
Eli, as the high priest, represents the established religious authority in Israel. His presence in the narrative introduces a contrast between the institutional religious order and Hannah's personal, heartfelt devotion. Eli's role is crucial, as he later becomes an unwitting instrument in God's plan for Hannah. Historically, Eli's priesthood marks a transitional period in Israel's history, moving from the time of the judges to the establishment of the monarchy. His character also foreshadows the need for spiritual renewal in Israel, which will come through the birth of Samuel.

was sitting on a chair
The image of Eli sitting on a chair, or "כִּסֵּא" (kisse), by the temple's doorpost, suggests a position of authority and judgment. In ancient Near Eastern culture, sitting was often associated with teaching or ruling. Eli's seated position contrasts with Hannah's active rising, highlighting the difference between passive observation and active faith. This setting also foreshadows Eli's later misunderstanding of Hannah's prayer, emphasizing the theme of spiritual perception versus blindness.

by the doorpost of the temple of the LORD
The "doorpost of the temple of the LORD" refers to the entrance of the tabernacle at Shiloh, which served as the central place of worship for the Israelites. The term "temple" here is "הֵיכָל" (heikal), indicating a sacred space dedicated to the worship of Yahweh. The doorpost symbolizes a threshold between the secular and the sacred, a place of transition where Hannah's private anguish meets divine presence. This setting underscores the accessibility of God to those who earnestly seek Him, regardless of their social or personal circumstances. It is at this threshold that Hannah's heartfelt prayer will lead to a transformative encounter with God, setting the stage for the birth of Samuel, who will play a crucial role in Israel's history.

In her bitter distress
The Hebrew word for "bitter" is "marat," which conveys a deep sense of anguish and sorrow. This phrase captures the profound emotional turmoil that Hannah experienced due to her barrenness and the societal pressure to bear children. In ancient Israel, a woman's worth was often tied to her ability to produce offspring, particularly sons, who would carry on the family name and inheritance. Hannah's distress is not just personal but also cultural, reflecting the weight of expectations placed upon her. Her bitterness is a testament to the depth of her longing and the intensity of her situation.

Hannah prayed to the LORD
The act of prayer here is significant. The Hebrew verb "palal" means to intercede or to make supplication. Hannah's prayer is an act of faith and submission to God, acknowledging His sovereignty and power over her circumstances. In the context of the Old Testament, prayer was a means of communicating with God, seeking His intervention, and expressing one's deepest desires and needs. Hannah's prayer is a model of earnest and heartfelt supplication, demonstrating her reliance on God as her ultimate source of hope and deliverance.

and wept with many tears
The phrase "wept with many tears" emphasizes the depth of Hannah's emotional state. The Hebrew word "bakah" for "wept" indicates a loud, lamenting cry, often associated with mourning or deep sorrow. This expression of emotion is not just a private moment but a public display of her grief and desperation. In the biblical narrative, tears are often seen as a powerful form of communication with God, symbolizing sincerity and vulnerability. Hannah's tears are a physical manifestation of her inner turmoil and a plea for divine intervention. Her weeping underscores the authenticity of her prayer and her unwavering faith in God's ability to change her circumstances.

And she made a vow
The act of making a vow in ancient Israel was a solemn promise made to God, often in times of distress or need. The Hebrew word for vow, "נֶדֶר" (neder), signifies a binding promise. Hannah's vow reflects her deep faith and desperation, as vows were not to be taken lightly. This act demonstrates her commitment and trust in God's power to change her circumstances.

O LORD of Hosts
This title for God, "יְהוָה צְבָאוֹת" (Yahweh Sabaoth), emphasizes His sovereignty and command over the heavenly armies. It is a recognition of God's supreme authority and power. By invoking this title, Hannah acknowledges God's ability to intervene in her situation, highlighting her belief in His omnipotence and her reliance on His divine intervention.

if You will indeed look upon the affliction
The phrase "look upon the affliction" uses the Hebrew verb "רָאָה" (ra'ah), meaning to see or perceive. Hannah is asking God to notice her suffering and take action. This plea is reminiscent of God's compassion towards the Israelites in Egypt, where He saw their affliction and responded. It underscores the personal relationship between God and His people, where He is attentive to their struggles.

of Your maidservant
The term "maidservant," "אֲמָתֶךָ" (amatecha), is a humble self-designation, indicating Hannah's submission and service to God. It reflects her humility and recognition of her position before the Almighty. By referring to herself as a maidservant, Hannah expresses her willingness to serve and her dependence on God's mercy.

and remember me
To "remember" in Hebrew, "זָכַר" (zakar), goes beyond mere recollection; it implies taking action on behalf of someone. Hannah is asking God to act favorably towards her, as He did with others in biblical history. This request is rooted in the covenant relationship, where God is faithful to His promises and His people.

and not forget Your maidservant
The plea for God not to forget her emphasizes the urgency and depth of Hannah's desire. Forgetting, "שָׁכַח" (shakach), in the biblical sense, often implies neglect or inaction. Hannah's repetition underscores her desperation and her hope that God will actively intervene in her life.

but give her a son
Hannah's specific request for a son highlights the cultural and personal significance of having children in ancient Israel. Sons were seen as a blessing and a means of continuing the family lineage. Her request is not just for personal fulfillment but also for social and familial restoration.

then I will dedicate him to the LORD
The dedication of her son to the LORD, "נָתַן" (natan), meaning to give or set apart, signifies a lifelong commitment. This vow reflects the practice of dedicating individuals to God's service, as seen with the Nazarites. It shows Hannah's willingness to sacrifice her desires for the greater purpose of serving God.

all the days of his life
This phrase indicates a perpetual dedication, not limited by time. It underscores the seriousness of Hannah's vow and her understanding of the lifelong commitment she is making on behalf of her son. It reflects the biblical principle of total devotion to God.

and no razor shall ever come over his head
This is a reference to the Nazarite vow, as outlined in Numbers 6:1-21, where individuals dedicated to God abstained from cutting their hair, among other things. This vow was a sign of consecration and separation unto the LORD. By including this detail, Hannah is committing her son to a life of holiness and service, setting him apart for God's purposes.

As she kept on praying
The Hebrew root for "praying" is "palal," which means to intercede or to mediate. This word conveys a deep, earnest communication with God, highlighting Hannah's persistent and heartfelt supplication. In the historical context, prayer was a central part of Hebrew worship, and Hannah's continuous prayer reflects her unwavering faith and desperation for divine intervention. Her persistence is a model of faithfulness, demonstrating that true prayer is not a momentary act but a continual, fervent seeking of God's presence and will.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" indicates that Hannah's prayer was directed towards Yahweh, the covenant God of Israel. This underscores the personal relationship between Hannah and God, as she brings her deepest desires and sorrows directly to Him. In the ancient Near Eastern context, approaching a deity was often seen as a formal and reverent act, yet Hannah's prayer is intimate and personal, reflecting the unique relationship the Israelites had with their God. This phrase reminds believers of the privilege of coming before God with their petitions, knowing He is attentive and compassionate.

Eli watched her mouth
Eli, the high priest, observed Hannah's silent prayer, which was unusual in a culture where prayers were typically spoken aloud. The Hebrew word for "watched" is "shamar," meaning to keep, guard, or observe. Eli's observation suggests a careful scrutiny, perhaps due to the unusual nature of her silent prayer. Historically, this moment highlights the misunderstanding that can occur when outward appearances are judged without understanding the heart's intent. Eli's initial misjudgment of Hannah as being drunk (as seen in the following verses) serves as a caution against superficial assessments of others' spiritual expressions. This phrase encourages believers to look beyond external appearances and seek to understand the true intentions of the heart.

Hannah was praying in her heart
The Hebrew word for "praying" here is "palal," which signifies intercession or supplication. This phrase highlights the deep, personal nature of Hannah's prayer. In the ancient Near Eastern context, prayer was often vocal and public, yet Hannah's silent prayer reflects a profound intimacy with God. Her heart, "leb" in Hebrew, represents the core of her being, indicating that her prayer was sincere and heartfelt. This teaches us about the importance of internal devotion and the power of silent prayer, emphasizing that God hears the cries of our hearts even when they are not spoken aloud.

and though her lips were moving
The movement of Hannah's lips signifies the physical manifestation of her prayer. In the Hebrew tradition, prayer was often accompanied by physical expressions, such as bowing or lifting hands. The movement of her lips without sound underscores the depth of her anguish and the intensity of her supplication. It also serves as a reminder that prayer is not merely a mental exercise but involves the whole person—body, soul, and spirit.

her voice was not heard
This phrase highlights the silent nature of Hannah's prayer. In a culture where vocal prayer was the norm, her silent communication with God was unusual. The Hebrew word for "voice," "qol," often implies a sound that is meant to be heard. The absence of sound in Hannah's prayer emphasizes her humility and desperation. It also illustrates that God is not limited by human expectations or norms; He hears the silent cries of His people.

So Eli thought she was drunk
Eli's misinterpretation of Hannah's actions reflects a lack of spiritual discernment. The Hebrew word for "thought," "chashab," can mean to assume or reckon. Eli's assumption reveals a disconnect between his role as a priest and his understanding of genuine spiritual expression. This serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of judging others based on appearances. It also highlights the need for spiritual leaders to be attuned to the workings of the Holy Spirit and to approach situations with compassion and understanding.

and said to her
This phrase introduces Eli, the priest, who is addressing Hannah. In the Hebrew text, the verb "said" (אָמַר, 'amar) is a common term used throughout the Old Testament to denote speech or communication. Eli's role as a priest gives his words authority, yet his misunderstanding of Hannah's situation highlights the human tendency to misjudge based on appearances. This moment sets the stage for a deeper revelation of Hannah's character and faith.

How long will you be drunk?
Eli's question reflects a misinterpretation of Hannah's actions. The Hebrew word for "drunk" (שָׁכַר, shakar) typically refers to intoxication from wine or strong drink. In the cultural and historical context of ancient Israel, public drunkenness, especially in a sacred space like the tabernacle, would have been seen as highly inappropriate. Eli's assumption underscores the societal expectations and norms of the time, as well as the potential for leaders to err in judgment.

Put away your wine!
This command from Eli is based on his perception of Hannah's behavior. The phrase "put away" (סוּר, sur) in Hebrew implies a turning away or removal of something undesirable. Eli's directive is meant to correct what he perceives as improper conduct. However, this moment also serves to highlight Hannah's innocence and the depth of her spiritual anguish, which Eli initially fails to recognize. The mention of "wine" (יַיִן, yayin) is significant, as wine was a common part of ancient Near Eastern culture, used in both daily life and religious rituals. Yet, it also serves as a symbol of misunderstanding in this narrative, as Hannah's true state is one of deep prayer and not inebriation.

But Hannah replied
The phrase "But Hannah replied" introduces us to a moment of personal defense and clarification. Hannah, whose name in Hebrew means "grace" or "favor," is responding to Eli, the priest, who has misunderstood her actions. This moment highlights her courage and the grace with which she addresses authority, reflecting her deep faith and integrity.

No, my lord
The respectful address "my lord" (Hebrew: אֲדֹנִי, adoni) signifies Hannah's humility and respect towards Eli, despite his earlier misjudgment. This term is often used in the Old Testament to show deference and respect, indicating Hannah's character as a woman of grace and humility, even when wrongly accused.

I am a woman oppressed in spirit
The phrase "oppressed in spirit" (Hebrew: קְשַׁת רוּחַ, qesat ruach) reveals Hannah's deep emotional and spiritual distress. This expression captures the essence of her sorrow and longing for a child, a significant cultural and personal burden in ancient Israelite society. Her oppression is not just emotional but spiritual, indicating a profound struggle within her soul.

I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink
By stating "I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink," Hannah clarifies her state of mind and behavior. In the Hebrew context, "wine" (יַיִן, yayin) and "strong drink" (שֵׁכָר, shekar) were common beverages, but their consumption, especially in excess, was often associated with a lack of self-control. Hannah's abstention underscores her sincerity and the purity of her intentions in prayer.

but I have poured out my soul before the LORD
The phrase "poured out my soul" (Hebrew: שָׁפַךְ נַפְשִׁי, shafakh nafshi) is a vivid metaphor for prayer, indicating a complete and unreserved expression of her innermost feelings and desires to God. This act of pouring out is akin to a sacrificial offering, symbolizing total surrender and trust in the LORD (YHWH), the covenant name of God, emphasizing His personal relationship with His people. Hannah's prayer is an act of faith, demonstrating her reliance on God's power and mercy.

Do not take
This phrase is a plea from Hannah, expressing her desire not to be misunderstood. The Hebrew root here is "תִּתֵּן" (titten), which means "to give" or "to place." In this context, it conveys the idea of not assigning or attributing a false identity to her. Hannah is earnestly asking Eli, the priest, not to misjudge her character based on her outward appearance or actions.

your servant
The term "servant" is translated from the Hebrew word "אֲמָתֶךָ" (amatecha), which denotes humility and submission. Hannah refers to herself as a servant, acknowledging her position before Eli and, more importantly, before God. This reflects her humility and her recognition of her dependence on God's mercy and grace.

for a wicked woman
The Hebrew word for "wicked" is "בַּת בְּלִיַּעַל" (bat beliyaal), which literally means "daughter of worthlessness." In ancient Israel, this term was used to describe someone who was morally corrupt or rebellious against God. Hannah is defending her integrity, emphasizing that her actions are not those of a sinful or rebellious person, but rather of someone deeply troubled and seeking divine intervention.

for I have been praying
The act of praying is central to this verse. The Hebrew verb "שָׁפַכְתִּי" (shafakti) means "to pour out," indicating that Hannah is pouring out her soul before the Lord. This imagery of pouring out suggests a complete and unreserved expression of her innermost feelings and desires, highlighting the depth and sincerity of her prayer.

here
The word "here" signifies the specific location where Hannah is praying, which is the tabernacle at Shiloh. This place was the central sanctuary for Israel at the time, where the Ark of the Covenant was kept. It underscores the significance of her prayer being offered in a sacred space, emphasizing her devotion and the seriousness of her petition.

out of my great anguish
The phrase "great anguish" is translated from the Hebrew "רֹב שִׂיחִי" (rov sichi), which conveys intense emotional distress. Hannah's anguish is not just a fleeting emotion but a profound and overwhelming burden. This highlights the depth of her suffering and the earnestness of her plea to God.

and grief
The word "grief" comes from the Hebrew "כַּעַס" (kaas), which can also mean vexation or provocation. Hannah's grief is compounded by her barrenness and the provocation she endures from Peninnah, her husband's other wife. This dual source of sorrow underscores the intensity of her emotional state and her desperate need for God's intervention.

Go in peace
This phrase, spoken by Eli, the high priest, is a common Hebrew farewell, "לך לשלום" (lek l'shalom), which means more than just a simple goodbye. It carries a blessing of wholeness, safety, and well-being. In the context of Hannah's distress, Eli's words are not just a dismissal but a prophetic blessing. The peace referred to here is "shalom," a comprehensive peace that encompasses spiritual, emotional, and physical well-being. It is a reminder that true peace comes from God, and it is a peace that surpasses all understanding (Philippians 4:7).

Eli replied
Eli, the high priest, serves as a significant figure in this narrative. His role as a mediator between God and the people is crucial. Despite his earlier misunderstanding of Hannah's silent prayer, Eli's response here shows a shift from judgment to compassion. His reply is authoritative, coming from his position as a spiritual leader, and it reflects a change in his perception of Hannah's sincerity and faith. Historically, Eli's priesthood is set during a tumultuous time in Israel's history, marked by spiritual decline, yet God still works through him to bless Hannah.

and may the God of Israel
This phrase emphasizes the covenant relationship between God and His chosen people, Israel. The use of "the God of Israel" highlights God's sovereignty and His special relationship with Israel. It is a reminder of God's faithfulness to His promises and His attentiveness to the prayers of His people. The invocation of God's name in this blessing underscores the belief that God is both willing and able to intervene in the lives of His people.

grant the petition
The word "petition" here is translated from the Hebrew word "שְׁאֵלָה" (she'elah), which means a request or plea. Hannah's petition was for a child, a deeply personal and heartfelt request. Eli's blessing is a prayer that God would fulfill this specific request. This highlights the power of prayer and the belief that God hears and answers the cries of His people. It also reflects the biblical principle that God is a giver of good gifts (James 1:17).

you have asked of Him
This phrase underscores the personal nature of prayer. Hannah's request was made directly to God, reflecting her faith and dependence on Him. The act of asking is an expression of faith, acknowledging that God is the source of all blessings. It also highlights the relational aspect of prayer, where believers are invited to bring their requests before God with confidence (Hebrews 4:16). This phrase serves as a reminder that God is attentive to the prayers of His people and is moved by their faith and sincerity.

May your servant find favor in your eyes
This phrase reflects Hannah's humility and submission. The Hebrew word for "servant" is "amah," which denotes a female servant or maidservant, emphasizing her humble position before Eli, the priest. The word "favor" is translated from the Hebrew "chen," which means grace or kindness. Hannah's request for favor is not just from Eli but ultimately from God, as she seeks divine intervention in her plight. This reflects a deep faith and trust in God's providence, a common theme throughout the Old Testament where individuals seek God's grace in times of need.

said Hannah
Hannah's name in Hebrew means "grace" or "favor," which is fitting given her plea for God's grace in her life. Her account is one of faith and perseverance, as she endures years of barrenness and societal pressure. By speaking directly to Eli, she demonstrates courage and faith, believing that God hears her prayers. Her dialogue with Eli marks a turning point in her story, as she moves from despair to hope.

Then she went on her way
This phrase indicates a change in Hannah's demeanor and outlook. The Hebrew verb "halak" means to walk or go, suggesting a physical and spiritual movement. After her encounter with Eli and her prayer, Hannah experiences a transformation. Her decision to go on her way signifies her trust in God's timing and plan, leaving her burdens at the altar.

ate
Eating here symbolizes a return to normalcy and a release from her previous state of distress. In the cultural context, sharing a meal was a sign of fellowship and peace. Hannah's ability to eat again indicates her renewed spirit and faith that God will answer her prayers. It reflects a shift from fasting and mourning to hope and expectation.

and no longer appeared downcast
The Hebrew word for "downcast" is "ra'ah," which can mean sad or troubled. Hannah's change in appearance is a testament to her faith and the peace she receives from God. Her countenance reflects her inner transformation, as she moves from sorrow to joy. This change is a powerful witness to the peace that comes from trusting in God's promises, a theme echoed throughout Scripture where faith leads to inner peace and joy.

The next morning
This phrase indicates the beginning of a new day, symbolizing hope and renewal. In the Hebrew context, mornings often represent new beginnings and divine mercies (Lamentations 3:22-23). The act of rising early to worship underscores the priority and devotion Elkanah and Hannah placed on their relationship with God.

Elkanah and Hannah
Elkanah, whose name means "God has possessed" or "God has created," and Hannah, meaning "grace" or "favor," are central figures in this narrative. Their names reflect their roles in God's plan, with Elkanah as a faithful leader of his household and Hannah as a woman of grace and prayer. Their partnership in worship highlights the importance of spiritual unity in marriage.

got up early to worship
The Hebrew root for "worship" (שָׁחָה, shachah) implies bowing down or prostrating oneself, indicating deep reverence and submission to God. This act of worship was not merely a ritual but a heartfelt expression of devotion and acknowledgment of God's sovereignty. Rising early to worship demonstrates their eagerness and commitment to honor God first in their lives.

before the LORD
The phrase "before the LORD" signifies worship in the presence of Yahweh, the covenant-keeping God of Israel. It emphasizes the personal and relational aspect of their worship, acknowledging God's holiness and their dependence on Him. This setting underscores the sacredness of their actions and the sincerity of their faith.

and then they returned home to Ramah
Ramah, meaning "height" or "high place," was their hometown, a place of normalcy and daily life. Returning home signifies a transition from worship to everyday responsibilities, illustrating that true worship impacts all areas of life. It reminds believers that worship is not confined to a location but is a lifestyle that continues beyond the sacred space.

And Elkanah had relations with his wife Hannah
This phrase delicately describes the marital union between Elkanah and Hannah. In the Hebrew context, marital intimacy is a gift from God, designed for procreation and the strengthening of the marital bond. This act of love and faithfulness is set within the framework of God's covenant promises and is integral to the unfolding of His divine plan.

and the LORD remembered her
The Hebrew verb "remembered" (זָכַר, zakar) implies more than recalling; it denotes taking action on behalf of someone. God's remembrance of Hannah signifies His faithfulness to His promises and His compassionate response to her prayers. This divine intervention highlights God's sovereignty and His ability to bring about His purposes in His perfect timing.

So in the course of time
This phrase indicates the unfolding of God's divine timing. In Hebrew, the phrase suggests a process or a period during which God's promises and plans come to fruition. It reminds us that God's timing is perfect, even when it seems delayed from a human perspective. The waiting period for Hannah was a test of faith and patience, illustrating that God's plans often require us to trust in His timing rather than our own.

Hannah conceived
The Hebrew root for "conceived" is "הרָה" (harah), which signifies the miraculous intervention of God in response to Hannah's fervent prayers. This conception is not merely a biological event but a divine act of grace. It underscores the power of prayer and God's ability to bring life and hope into seemingly barren situations. Hannah's conception is a testament to God's faithfulness and His ability to answer the deepest desires of our hearts.

and gave birth to a son
The birth of a son in ancient Israel was a significant event, often seen as a blessing and a continuation of the family line. Sons were particularly valued for their role in inheritance and family legacy. This phrase highlights the fulfillment of God's promise to Hannah, transforming her sorrow into joy. It also foreshadows the significant role her son, Samuel, will play in the history of Israel as a prophet and leader.

She named him Samuel
The name "Samuel" in Hebrew is "שְׁמוּאֵל" (Shemuel), which can be interpreted as "heard by God" or "asked of God." Naming in the biblical context often reflects the circumstances of birth or the parents' hopes for the child. By naming her son Samuel, Hannah acknowledges God's response to her prayers and sets a foundation for Samuel's identity as one who is dedicated to the Lord.

saying, 'Because I have asked for him from the LORD.'
This phrase reveals Hannah's deep faith and gratitude. The Hebrew word for "asked" is "שָׁאַל" (sha'al), emphasizing the personal and earnest nature of her petition to God. Hannah's statement is a public testimony of God's faithfulness and a reminder of the power of prayer. It also reflects the covenant relationship between God and His people, where God hears and responds to the cries of His faithful servants. Hannah's acknowledgment of God's provision serves as an inspiration for believers to trust in God's willingness to hear and answer their prayers.

Then the man Elkanah
The name "Elkanah" in Hebrew means "God has created" or "God has possessed." Elkanah is a significant figure in the narrative, representing a devout and faithful man who leads his family in worship. His actions set the stage for the birth of Samuel, a pivotal prophet in Israel's history. Elkanah's role as a leader in his household underscores the importance of spiritual leadership within the family unit, a principle that resonates throughout Scripture.

and all his house
This phrase indicates that Elkanah's entire household participated in the pilgrimage to Shiloh, where the tabernacle was located. In ancient Israel, the family was the central unit of society, and religious observance was a communal activity. This collective participation highlights the communal nature of worship and the importance of family unity in spiritual practices. It also reflects the biblical principle that faith is to be lived out in community, not in isolation.

went up
The phrase "went up" is often used in Scripture to describe a journey to a place of worship, particularly Jerusalem or, in this context, Shiloh. This upward movement signifies not only a physical ascent but also a spiritual elevation, as worshippers draw nearer to God. The act of going up to worship is a reminder of the pilgrim nature of the believer's journey, always moving towards a closer relationship with the Divine.

to offer the annual sacrifice
The "annual sacrifice" refers to the regular offerings made by the Israelites as prescribed in the Law of Moses. These sacrifices were acts of obedience and devotion, symbolizing atonement, thanksgiving, and dedication to God. The regularity of these sacrifices underscores the importance of consistent worship and the acknowledgment of God's sovereignty and provision in the life of the believer.

to the LORD
The use of "LORD" in all capital letters signifies the Hebrew name Yahweh, the covenant name of God. This name emphasizes God's eternal, self-existent nature and His faithfulness to His promises. Offering sacrifices to Yahweh was an act of covenantal faithfulness, recognizing His authority and expressing trust in His providential care.

and to fulfill his vow
A vow in the biblical context is a solemn promise made to God, often in response to His blessings or as a plea for His intervention. Elkanah's commitment to fulfill his vow demonstrates integrity and faithfulness, qualities that are highly valued in Scripture. This act of fulfilling a vow is a testament to the seriousness with which one should approach promises made to God, reflecting a heart of gratitude and reverence.

but Hannah did not go
This phrase highlights Hannah's decision to remain at home rather than accompany her husband, Elkanah, to Shiloh for the annual sacrifice. The Hebrew root for "go" (הלך, halak) often implies a journey or a purposeful movement. Hannah's choice not to go underscores her dedication to her maternal responsibilities and her commitment to fulfilling her vow to God. Her decision is not one of defiance but of devotion, as she prepares for the significant act of dedicating her son to the Lord.

She said to her husband
This phrase indicates a respectful and communicative relationship between Hannah and Elkanah. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, a wife's communication with her husband about family decisions was significant. Hannah's approach reflects a partnership in their marriage, where she expresses her intentions and plans regarding their son. This interaction also highlights the importance of mutual understanding and support in fulfilling spiritual commitments.

After the boy is weaned
The weaning process in ancient Israel typically occurred around the age of three. The Hebrew word for "weaned" (גָּמַל, gamal) suggests a transition from dependence on the mother for nourishment to a more independent stage of life. This period was crucial for a child's development and was often celebrated as a milestone. Hannah's mention of weaning signifies her careful planning and readiness to fulfill her vow to God at the appropriate time, ensuring her son is physically and emotionally prepared for his new life at the tabernacle.

I will take him to appear before the LORD
Hannah's intention to bring Samuel to "appear before the LORD" reflects her deep faith and commitment to her vow. The Hebrew word for "appear" (רָאָה, ra'ah) implies being seen or presenting oneself. This act of bringing Samuel to the tabernacle is not merely a physical presentation but a spiritual offering. Hannah's dedication of Samuel is an act of worship and obedience, acknowledging God's sovereignty and faithfulness in answering her prayers.

and stay there permanently
The phrase "stay there permanently" indicates Hannah's resolve to dedicate Samuel to lifelong service to God. The Hebrew concept of "permanently" (עַד־עוֹלָם, ad-olam) conveys a sense of eternity or perpetuity. This commitment is profound, as it involves relinquishing her son to God's service for his entire life. Hannah's willingness to fulfill this vow demonstrates her unwavering trust in God's plan and her understanding of the greater purpose for Samuel's life. Her faithfulness serves as an inspiration for believers to honor their commitments to God, trusting in His divine will and timing.

Do what you think is best
This phrase reflects Elkanah's trust and respect for Hannah's judgment. In the Hebrew context, the word for "best" (טוֹב, tov) often implies goodness, welfare, or what is pleasing. Elkanah's response is not just a passive agreement but an active endorsement of Hannah's discernment, showing a partnership in their marriage that honors her spiritual insight and maternal instincts. This highlights the biblical principle of mutual respect and support within a marriage, as seen in Ephesians 5:21, where spouses are called to submit to one another out of reverence for Christ.

her husband Elkanah replied
Elkanah, whose name means "God has possessed" or "God has created," is portrayed as a supportive and godly husband. His role in this narrative is crucial as he provides the necessary support for Hannah's vow to God. Historically, the husband's approval was significant in fulfilling vows, as seen in Numbers 30:10-15, where a husband's consent could confirm or nullify a wife's vow. Elkanah's reply indicates his spiritual alignment with Hannah's commitment to God.

and stay here until you have weaned him
The weaning process in ancient Israel typically lasted until a child was about three years old. This period was crucial for the child's development and bonding with the mother. The Hebrew word for "weaned" (גָּמַל, gamal) also carries the connotation of maturing or ripening. Spiritually, this can be seen as a time of preparation and growth, not just for the child but for Hannah, as she prepares to fulfill her vow to dedicate Samuel to the Lord's service.

Only may the LORD confirm His word
This phrase underscores the centrality of God's faithfulness and sovereignty in the narrative. The Hebrew word for "confirm" (קוּם, qum) means to establish or fulfill. Elkanah's statement is a prayerful acknowledgment that it is ultimately God who ensures the fulfillment of His promises. This reflects a deep trust in God's providence, echoing the assurance found in Isaiah 55:11, where God's word is said to accomplish what He desires and achieve the purpose for which it is sent.

So Hannah stayed and nursed her son until she had weaned him
Hannah's decision to stay and nurse Samuel is an act of obedience and faithfulness. The act of nursing (יָנַק, yanaq) is not only a physical nurturing but also a spiritual preparation for Samuel's future role as a prophet. This period of nurturing is symbolic of the foundational spiritual training that prepares one for God's calling. Hannah's dedication to her son during this time reflects the biblical principle of training up a child in the way he should go, as seen in Proverbs 22:6.

Once she had weaned him
The phrase "Once she had weaned him" indicates a significant milestone in the life of Samuel and his mother, Hannah. In ancient Israel, weaning typically occurred around the age of three, marking the transition from infancy to early childhood. This was a time when a child was considered more independent and less reliant on the mother for sustenance. The Hebrew root for "weaned" is "גָּמַל" (gamal), which can also mean to deal fully or to recompense. This reflects Hannah's fulfillment of her vow to the Lord, as she had promised to dedicate Samuel to God's service once he was weaned. This act of dedication is a profound testament to Hannah's faith and commitment to God, as she willingly gives up her long-awaited son to fulfill her vow.

Hannah took the boy with her
The phrase "Hannah took the boy with her" highlights the personal and sacrificial nature of Hannah's journey. The Hebrew word for "took" is "לָקַח" (laqach), which implies a deliberate and purposeful action. Hannah's decision to take Samuel to the house of the LORD is a demonstration of her obedience and devotion. It is a poignant moment, as she is not only fulfilling her vow but also entrusting her beloved son to the care and service of the Lord. This act of faith is a powerful example of surrendering one's most cherished blessings back to God.

along with a three-year-old bull
The offering of a "three-year-old bull" is significant in the context of ancient Israelite worship. The bull, being a valuable and substantial sacrifice, symbolizes the seriousness and sincerity of Hannah's vow. In the Hebrew tradition, the number three often represents completeness and perfection, suggesting that this offering is whole and complete. The bull is a symbol of strength and service, reflecting the dedication of Samuel to the Lord's work. This sacrificial act underscores the depth of Hannah's gratitude and her recognition of God's faithfulness in answering her prayers.

an ephah of flour
The "ephah of flour" is a substantial amount, approximately equivalent to 22 liters or about half a bushel. In the context of offerings, flour was used in grain offerings, which were expressions of thanksgiving and devotion. The Hebrew word "אֵיפָה" (ephah) indicates a measure of abundance and generosity. Hannah's offering of an ephah of flour signifies her abundant gratitude and her desire to honor God with the best of what she has. It is a reminder of the importance of giving back to God from the blessings He has bestowed upon us.

and a skin of wine
The "skin of wine" was a common container for liquids in ancient times, made from animal skins. Wine, in biblical times, was often associated with joy, celebration, and covenantal blessings. The Hebrew word for "wine" is "יַיִן" (yayin), which is frequently used in the context of offerings and feasts. By including wine in her offering, Hannah is not only fulfilling the requirements of a sacrificial offering but also expressing her joy and gratitude for God's provision. It symbolizes the joy of answered prayer and the celebration of God's faithfulness.

and brought him to the house of the LORD at Shiloh
The act of bringing Samuel "to the house of the LORD at Shiloh" is a significant moment in the narrative. Shiloh was the central place of worship for the Israelites before the temple was built in Jerusalem. It was here that the tabernacle was located, and where the Ark of the Covenant was kept. The Hebrew word "שִׁלוֹ" (Shiloh) can mean "place of rest" or "peace," reflecting the spiritual significance of this location. By bringing Samuel to Shiloh, Hannah is placing him in the presence of the Lord, dedicating him to a life of service and worship. This act is a fulfillment of her vow and a testament to her faithfulness.

Though the boy was still young
The phrase "Though the boy was still young" emphasizes Samuel's tender age at the time of his dedication. The Hebrew word for "young" is "נַעַר" (na'ar), which can refer to a child or a young servant. Despite his youth, Samuel is set apart for a divine purpose, illustrating that God can use anyone, regardless of age, for His work. This highlights the theme of God's sovereignty and His ability to work through those who are humble and obedient. Hannah's willingness to dedicate Samuel at such a young age is a powerful example of trust in God's plan and purpose.

And when they had slaughtered the bull
This phrase marks a significant moment of sacrifice and dedication. The Hebrew word for "slaughtered" is "שָׁחַט" (shachat), which implies a ritualistic and reverent act of offering. In the ancient Israelite context, sacrifices were central to worship and covenantal relationship with God. The bull, a valuable and substantial offering, signifies the depth of Hannah's gratitude and commitment to God for answering her prayer for a son. This act of sacrifice is a precursor to the ultimate sacrifice of Christ, foreshadowing the giving of something precious to fulfill a divine promise.

they brought the boy to Eli
The act of bringing Samuel to Eli is laden with spiritual significance. The Hebrew word for "brought" is "בּוֹא" (bo), which can also mean to come or to enter. This suggests not just a physical movement but a spiritual transition. Samuel is being introduced into the service of the Lord, marking the beginning of his prophetic ministry. Eli, the high priest, represents the established religious order, and Samuel's introduction to him signifies the passing of spiritual responsibility and the continuation of God's work through new generations. This moment is a testament to Hannah's faithfulness and trust in God's plan, as she fulfills her vow by dedicating her long-awaited son to the Lord's service. It is a powerful reminder of the importance of keeping our promises to God and the blessings that come from faithful obedience.

Please, my lord
This phrase reflects Hannah's humility and respect towards Eli, the high priest. The Hebrew word for "lord" here is "adonai," which is often used to denote authority and respect. In the cultural context of ancient Israel, addressing someone with such deference was customary, especially when speaking to someone in a position of spiritual leadership. Hannah's approach is a model of humility and reverence, reminding us of the importance of respecting those whom God has placed in positions of authority.

said Hannah
The mention of Hannah by name is significant. In Hebrew, "Hannah" means "grace" or "favor," which is fitting given her account of receiving God's favor through the birth of her son, Samuel. Her name is a testament to the grace of God in her life, and her account is a powerful reminder of how God hears and answers the prayers of the faithful.

as surely as you live
This oath-like expression underscores the sincerity and seriousness of Hannah's words. In the ancient Near Eastern culture, invoking the life of someone was a way to affirm the truthfulness of one's statement. It reflects Hannah's earnestness and the deep conviction behind her testimony. This phrase also subtly acknowledges the life and authority of Eli as the high priest, further emphasizing her respect.

my lord
Repeated here, this phrase reinforces the respect and honor Hannah shows towards Eli. The repetition highlights the importance of recognizing and honoring spiritual authority, a principle that resonates throughout Scripture. It serves as a reminder of the biblical call to respect those who lead and guide us in our faith journey.

I am the woman who stood here beside you
Hannah identifies herself as the woman who had previously been in deep prayer at the temple. The act of standing beside Eli signifies her persistence and dedication in seeking God's intervention. This phrase highlights her faithfulness and the intensity of her prayer life, serving as an inspiration for believers to remain steadfast in prayer, even when answers are not immediately apparent.

praying to the LORD
The Hebrew word for "praying" is "palal," which conveys the idea of interceding or making supplication. Hannah's prayer was not a casual conversation but a fervent plea to the LORD, the covenant-keeping God of Israel. Her prayer life exemplifies a deep, personal relationship with God, characterized by trust and dependence. This phrase reminds us of the power and importance of prayer in the life of a believer, encouraging us to bring our deepest desires and needs before the Lord with faith and perseverance.

I prayed
The Hebrew root for "prayed" is "פָּלַל" (palal), which means to intercede, to mediate, or to judge. In the context of Hannah's story, this word emphasizes the deep, heartfelt communication she had with God. Her prayer was not a mere recitation of words but a profound act of faith and trust. This highlights the importance of sincere prayer in the believer's life, where one pours out their soul before the Lord, trusting in His divine will and timing.

for this boy
The phrase "this boy" refers to Samuel, whose name means "heard of God" or "asked of God." This is significant because it underscores the personal and specific nature of Hannah's request. In the ancient Near Eastern context, children were seen as a blessing and a sign of God's favor. Hannah's longing for a child was not just a personal desire but also a cultural and spiritual aspiration. Her reference to Samuel as "this boy" is a testament to God's faithfulness in answering specific prayers.

and since the LORD
The use of "the LORD" here is the translation of the Hebrew "Yahweh," the covenant name of God. This name signifies God's eternal, unchanging nature and His faithfulness to His promises. Hannah's acknowledgment of Yahweh in her prayer reflects her understanding of God's sovereignty and His role as the covenant-keeping God of Israel. It is a reminder to believers of the importance of recognizing God's authority and His active presence in their lives.

has granted me
The phrase "has granted me" comes from the Hebrew "נָתַן" (natan), meaning to give or bestow. This word choice highlights the gracious and generous nature of God's response to Hannah's prayer. It emphasizes that the fulfillment of her request was not due to her merit but was a gift from God. This serves as an encouragement to believers that God, in His grace, hears and answers prayers according to His perfect will.

what I asked of Him
The act of asking, "שָׁאַל" (sha'al) in Hebrew, implies a humble petition or request. Hannah's asking was marked by humility and faith, recognizing her dependence on God for the fulfillment of her deepest desires. This phrase encapsulates the essence of prayer as a dialogue with God, where believers are invited to bring their requests before Him, trusting in His wisdom and timing. It serves as a powerful reminder of the relational aspect of prayer, where God invites His children to communicate with Him openly and honestly.

Now I dedicate him to the LORD
The Hebrew word for "dedicate" here is "שָׁאַל" (sha'al), which can also mean "to ask" or "to lend." This reflects the deep spiritual transaction taking place. Hannah is not merely giving Samuel to the LORD; she is fulfilling a vow made in faith. This act of dedication is a profound expression of trust and obedience, acknowledging that Samuel's life is a gift from God and thus belongs to Him. In the ancient Near Eastern context, dedicating a child to a deity was a significant act, often involving lifelong service. Hannah's dedication of Samuel is a testament to her faith and her understanding of God's sovereignty.

For as long as he lives, he is dedicated to the LORD
The phrase "for as long as he lives" underscores the permanence of this dedication. The Hebrew word "כָּל־יָמָיו" (kol-yamav) translates to "all his days," indicating a lifelong commitment. This is not a temporary offering but a perpetual one, signifying that Samuel's entire existence is to be in service to God. This lifelong dedication is reminiscent of the Nazirite vow, which involved a special consecration to God. Samuel's life, therefore, becomes a living sacrifice, a continual act of worship and service to the LORD.

So they worshiped the LORD there
The act of worship here is significant. The Hebrew word "וַיִּשְׁתַּחֲווּ" (vayishtachavu) means "to bow down" or "to prostrate oneself," indicating a deep reverence and submission to God. This worship is not just a ritualistic act but a heartfelt response to God's faithfulness and provision. It reflects the communal aspect of worship, as Hannah and her family acknowledge God's role in their lives and the fulfillment of His promises. The location, "there," refers to the tabernacle at Shiloh, a central place of worship for the Israelites, highlighting the importance of communal worship in the life of God's people.