1 Samuel 1:4
New International Version
Whenever the day came for Elkanah to sacrifice, he would give portions of the meat to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters.

New Living Translation
On the days Elkanah presented his sacrifice, he would give portions of the meat to Peninnah and each of her children.

English Standard Version
On the day when Elkanah sacrificed, he would give portions to Peninnah his wife and to all her sons and daughters.

Berean Standard Bible
And whenever the day came for Elkanah to present his sacrifice, he would give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters.

King James Bible
And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:

New King James Version
And whenever the time came for Elkanah to make an offering, he would give portions to Peninnah his wife and to all her sons and daughters.

New American Standard Bible
When the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he would give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters;

NASB 1995
When the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he would give portions to Peninnah his wife and to all her sons and her daughters;

NASB 1977
And when the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he would give portions to Peninnah his wife and to all her sons and her daughters;

Legacy Standard Bible
And the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, and he would give portions to Peninnah his wife and to all her sons and her daughters;

Amplified Bible
When the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he would give portions [of the sacrificial meat] to Peninnah his wife and all her sons and daughters.

Christian Standard Bible
Whenever Elkanah offered a sacrifice, he always gave portions of the meat to his wife Peninnah and to each of her sons and daughters.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Whenever Elkanah offered a sacrifice, he always gave portions of the meat to his wife Peninnah and to each of her sons and daughters.

American Standard Version
And when the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:

Contemporary English Version
Whenever Elkanah offered a sacrifice, he gave some of the meat to Peninnah and some to each of her sons and daughters.

English Revised Version
And when the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters portions:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Whenever Elkanah offered a sacrifice, he would give portions of it to his wife Peninnah and all her sons and daughters.

Good News Translation
Each time Elkanah offered his sacrifice, he would give one share of the meat to Peninnah and one share to each of her children.

International Standard Version
On the day when Elkanah offered sacrifices, he would give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters,

Majority Standard Bible
And whenever the day came for Elkanah to present his sacrifice, he would give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters.

NET Bible
Whenever the day came for Elkanah to sacrifice, he used to give meat portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters.

New Heart English Bible
When the day came for Elkanah to sacrifice, he would give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and her daughters.

Webster's Bible Translation
And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:

World English Bible
When the day came that Elkanah sacrificed, he gave portions to Peninnah his wife and to all her sons and her daughters;
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And the day comes, and Elkanah sacrifices, and he has given portions to his wife Peninnah, and to all her sons and her daughters,

Young's Literal Translation
And the day cometh, and Elkanah sacrificeth, and he hath given to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions,

Smith's Literal Translation
And the day will be and Elkanah will sacrifice, and he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughter, portions.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Now the day came, and Elcana offered sacrifice, and gave to Phenenna his wife, and to all her sons and daughters, portions:

Catholic Public Domain Version
Then the day arrived, and Elkanah immolated. And he gave portions to his wife Peninnah, and to all her sons and daughters.

New American Bible
When the day came for Elkanah to offer sacrifice, he used to give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters,

New Revised Standard Version
On the day when Elkanah sacrificed, he would give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters;
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
And when the time came, Hilkanah sacrificed, and he gave to Pannah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And the day came and Halqanah offered and he gave to Pannana his wife, and to all of her sons and her daughters he gave portions
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And it came to pass upon a day, when Elkanah sacrificed, that he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And the day came, and Helkana sacrificed, and gave portions to his wife Phennana and her children.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Elkanah and His Wives
3Year after year Elkanah would go up from his city to worship and sacrifice to the LORD of Hosts at Shiloh, where Eli’s two sons, Hophni and Phinehas, were priests to the LORD. 4And whenever the day came for Elkanah to present his sacrifice, he would give portions to his wife Peninnah and to all her sons and daughters. 5But to Hannah he would give a double portion, for he loved her even though the LORD had closed her womb.…

Cross References
Genesis 25:21
Later, Isaac prayed to the LORD on behalf of his wife, because she was barren. And the LORD heard his prayer, and his wife Rebekah conceived.

Genesis 30:1-2
When Rachel saw that she was not bearing any children for Jacob, she envied her sister. “Give me children, or I will die!” she said to Jacob. / Jacob became angry with Rachel and said, “Am I in the place of God, who has withheld children from you?”

Genesis 30:22
Then God remembered Rachel. He listened to her and opened her womb,

Judges 13:2-3
Now there was a man from Zorah named Manoah, from the clan of the Danites, whose wife was barren and had no children. / The angel of the LORD appeared to the woman and said to her, “It is true that you are barren and have no children; but you will conceive and give birth to a son.

Psalm 113:9
He settles the barren woman in her home as a joyful mother to her children. Hallelujah!

Psalm 127:3
Children are indeed a heritage from the LORD, and the fruit of the womb is His reward.

Psalm 128:3
Your wife will be like a fruitful vine flourishing within your house, your sons like olive shoots sitting around your table.

Isaiah 54:1
“Shout for joy, O barren woman, who bears no children; break forth in song and cry aloud, you who have never travailed; because more are the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband,” says the LORD.

Luke 1:7
But they had no children, because Elizabeth was barren, and they were both well along in years.

Luke 1:13
But the angel said to him, “Do not be afraid, Zechariah, because your prayer has been heard. Your wife Elizabeth will bear you a son, and you are to give him the name John.

Luke 1:25
“The Lord has done this for me. In these days He has shown me favor and taken away my disgrace among the people.”

Luke 1:36
Look, even Elizabeth your relative has conceived a son in her old age, and she who was called barren is in her sixth month.

Luke 1:57
When the time came for Elizabeth to have her child, she gave birth to a son.

Romans 9:10-12
Not only that, but Rebecca’s children were conceived by one man, our father Isaac. / Yet before the twins were born or had done anything good or bad, in order that God’s plan of election might stand, / not by works but by Him who calls, she was told, “The older will serve the younger.”

Galatians 4:27
For it is written: “Rejoice, O barren woman, who bears no children; break forth and cry aloud, you who have never travailed; because more are the children of the desolate woman than of her who has a husband.”


Treasury of Scripture

And when the time was that Elkanah offered, he gave to Peninnah his wife, and to all her sons and her daughters, portions:

offered

Leviticus 3:4
And the two kidneys, and the fat that is on them, which is by the flanks, and the caul above the liver, with the kidneys, it shall he take away.

Leviticus 7:15
And the flesh of the sacrifice of his peace offerings for thanksgiving shall be eaten the same day that it is offered; he shall not leave any of it until the morning.

Deuteronomy 12:5-7,17
But unto the place which the LORD your God shall choose out of all your tribes to put his name there, even unto his habitation shall ye seek, and thither thou shalt come: …

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Daughters Elkanah Elka'nah Meat Offered Offering Part Peninnah Penin'nah Portions Sacrifice Sacrificed Sacrificeth Time Whenever Wife
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Daughters Elkanah Elka'nah Meat Offered Offering Part Peninnah Penin'nah Portions Sacrifice Sacrificed Sacrificeth Time Whenever Wife
1 Samuel 1
1. Elkanah, a Levite, having two wives, worships yearly at Shiloh
4. He cherishes Hannah, though barren, and provoked by Peninnah
9. Hannah in grief prays for a child
12. Eli first rebuking her, afterwards blesses her
19. Hannah, having born Samuel, stays at home till he is weaned
24. She presents him, according to her vow, to the Lord














And whenever the day came
This phrase indicates a recurring event, suggesting a regular, faithful observance of religious duties. The Hebrew word for "day" (יוֹם, yom) often signifies a specific time set apart for worship or sacrifice. This reflects the devout nature of Elkanah's household, emphasizing the importance of consistent worship in the life of a believer. Historically, this would have been during one of the three annual pilgrimage festivals, such as Passover, Shavuot, or Sukkot, when Israelites were commanded to appear before the Lord.

for Elkanah to sacrifice
The act of sacrifice was central to Old Testament worship, symbolizing atonement and devotion to God. The Hebrew root for "sacrifice" (זָבַח, zavach) implies a ritual offering, often involving the shedding of blood, which foreshadows the ultimate sacrifice of Christ. Elkanah's role as the one who sacrifices highlights the responsibility of the head of the household to lead in spiritual matters, a principle that resonates with the New Testament call for men to be spiritual leaders in their families.

he would give portions of the meat
This practice of distributing portions of the sacrificial meal is rooted in the peace offerings described in Leviticus. The Hebrew word for "portions" (מָנוֹת, manot) suggests a division or allocation, symbolizing fellowship and communal participation in the blessings of God. It reflects the communal aspect of worship, where the blessings of God are shared among His people, fostering unity and gratitude.

to his wife Peninnah
Peninnah, whose name means "pearl" or "jewel," was one of Elkanah's two wives. Her mention here sets the stage for the familial tensions that follow, particularly with Hannah, Elkanah's other wife. The practice of polygamy, though recorded in the Old Testament, often led to strife and division, as seen in this narrative. This highlights the biblical ideal of monogamous marriage as a reflection of God's covenant relationship with His people.

and to all her sons and daughters
The mention of Peninnah's children underscores the theme of fertility and blessing, which is central to the narrative of 1 Samuel. In the ancient Near Eastern context, children were seen as a sign of divine favor and a source of familial strength. This sets up the contrast with Hannah's initial barrenness, which becomes a pivotal element in the unfolding account of God's miraculous intervention and the birth of Samuel, a key figure in Israel's history.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
And whenever the day
הַיּ֔וֹם (hay·yō·wm)
Article | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3117: A day

came
וַיְהִ֣י (way·hî)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

for Elkanah
אֶלְקָנָ֑ה (’el·qā·nāh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 511: Elkanah -- 'God has created', the name of several Israelites

to present his sacrifice,
וַיִּזְבַּ֖ח (way·yiz·baḥ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 2076: To slaughter for sacrifice

he would give
וְנָתַ֞ן (wə·nā·ṯan)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Conjunctive perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

portions
מָנֽוֹת׃ (mā·nō·wṯ)
Noun - feminine plural
Strong's 4490: Something weighed out, a division, a ration, a lot

to his wife
אִשְׁתּ֗וֹ (’iš·tōw)
Noun - feminine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 802: Woman, wife, female

Peninnah
לִפְנִנָּ֣ה (lip̄·nin·nāh)
Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 6444: Peninnah -- wife of Elkanah

and to all
וּֽלְכָל־ (ū·lə·ḵāl-)
Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct
Strong's 3605: The whole, all, any, every

her sons
בָּנֶ֛יהָ (bā·ne·hā)
Noun - masculine plural construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 1121: A son

and daughters.
וּבְנוֹתֶ֖יהָ (ū·ḇə·nō·w·ṯe·hā)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - feminine plural construct | third person feminine singular
Strong's 1323: A daughter


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OT History: 1 Samuel 1:4 When the day came that Elkanah sacrificed (1Sa iSam 1 Sam i sa)
1 Samuel 1:3
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