Psalm 37:35
New International Version
I have seen a wicked and ruthless man flourishing like a luxuriant native tree,

New Living Translation
I have seen wicked and ruthless people flourishing like a tree in its native soil.

English Standard Version
I have seen a wicked, ruthless man, spreading himself like a green laurel tree.

Berean Standard Bible
I have seen a wicked, ruthless man flourishing like a well-rooted native tree,

King James Bible
I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.

New King James Version
I have seen the wicked in great power, And spreading himself like a native green tree.

New American Standard Bible
I have seen a wicked, violent person Spreading himself like a luxuriant tree in its native soil.

NASB 1995
I have seen a wicked, violent man Spreading himself like a luxuriant tree in its native soil.

NASB 1977
I have seen a violent, wicked man Spreading himself like a luxuriant tree in its native soil.

Legacy Standard Bible
I have seen a wicked, ruthless man Spreading himself like a luxuriant tree in its native soil.

Amplified Bible
I have seen a wicked, violent man [with great power] Spreading and flaunting himself like a cedar in its native soil,

Christian Standard Bible
I have seen a wicked, violent person well-rooted, like a flourishing native tree.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I have seen a wicked, violent man well-rooted like a flourishing native tree.

American Standard Version
I have seen the wicked in great power, And spreading himself like a green tree in its native soil.

Contemporary English Version
I have seen brutal people abuse others and grow strong like trees in rich soil.

English Revised Version
I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green tree in its native soil.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I have seen a wicked person [acting like] a tyrant, spreading himself out like a large cedar tree.

Good News Translation
I once knew someone wicked who was a tyrant; he towered over everyone like a cedar of Lebanon;

International Standard Version
I once observed a wicked and oppressive person, flourishing like a green tree in native soil.

Majority Standard Bible
I have seen a wicked, ruthless man flourishing like a well-rooted native tree,

NET Bible
I have seen ruthless evil men growing in influence, like a green tree grows in its native soil.

New Heart English Bible
I have seen the wicked wielding great power, and towering like a cedar of Lebanon.

Webster's Bible Translation
I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.

World English Bible
I have seen the wicked in great power, spreading himself like a green tree in its native soil.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
I have seen the wicked terrible, "" And spreading as a green native plant,

Young's Literal Translation
I have seen the wicked terrible, And spreading as a green native plant,

Smith's Literal Translation
I saw the unjust one making afraid, and spreading abroad as a green native tree.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
I have seen the wicked highly exalted, and lifted up like the cedars of Libanus.

Catholic Public Domain Version
I have seen the impious over-exalted, and lifted up like the cedars of Lebanon.

New American Bible
I have seen a ruthless scoundrel, spreading out like a green cedar.

New Revised Standard Version
I have seen the wicked oppressing, and towering like a cedar of Lebanon.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
For I have seen the wicked boasting and spreading himself like stout forest trees;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Because I have seen the wicked who are boasting and are lifted up like trees of the forest.
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
I have seen the wicked in great power, And spreading himself like a leafy tree in its native soil.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
I saw the ungodly very highly exalting himself, and lifting himself up like the cedars of Libanus.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Do Not Envy Those who Do Wrong
34Wait for the LORD and keep His way, and He will raise you up to inherit the land. When the wicked are cut off, you will see it. 35I have seen a wicked, ruthless man flourishing like a well-rooted native tree, 36yet he passed away and was no more; though I searched, he could not be found.…

Cross References
Job 20:5-8
the triumph of the wicked has been brief and the joy of the godless momentary? / Though his arrogance reaches the heavens, and his head touches the clouds, / he will perish forever, like his own dung; those who had seen him will ask, ‘Where is he?’ ...

Isaiah 14:12-15
How you have fallen from heaven, O day star, son of the dawn! You have been cut down to the ground, O destroyer of nations. / You said in your heart: “I will ascend to the heavens; I will raise my throne above the stars of God. I will sit on the mount of assembly, in the far reaches of the north. / I will ascend above the tops of the clouds; I will make myself like the Most High.” ...

Ezekiel 31:10-14
Therefore this is what the Lord GOD says: ‘Since it became great in height and set its top among the clouds, and it grew proud on account of its height, / I delivered it into the hand of the ruler of the nations, for him to deal with it according to its wickedness. I have banished it. / Foreigners, the most ruthless of the nations, cut it down and left it. Its branches have fallen on the mountains and in every valley; its boughs lay broken in all the earth’s ravines. And all the peoples of the earth left its shade and abandoned it. ...

Daniel 4:30-33
the king exclaimed, “Is this not Babylon the Great, which I myself have built as a royal residence by the might of my power and for the glory of my majesty?” / While the words were still in the king’s mouth, a voice came from heaven: “It is decreed to you, King Nebuchadnezzar, that the kingdom has departed from you. / You will be driven away from mankind to live with the beasts of the field, and you will feed on grass like an ox. And seven times will pass you by, until you acknowledge that the Most High rules over the kingdom of mankind and gives it to whom He wishes.” ...

Jeremiah 12:1-2
Righteous are You, O LORD, when I plead before You. Yet about Your judgments I wish to contend with You: Why does the way of the wicked prosper? Why do all the faithless live at ease? / You planted them, and they have taken root. They have grown and produced fruit. You are ever on their lips, but far from their hearts.

Proverbs 24:19-20
Do not fret over evildoers, and do not be envious of the wicked. / For the evil man has no future; the lamp of the wicked will be extinguished.

Habakkuk 1:13-16
Your eyes are too pure to look upon evil, and You cannot tolerate wrongdoing. So why do You tolerate the faithless? Why are You silent while the wicked swallow up those more righteous than themselves? / You have made men like the fish of the sea, like creeping things that have no ruler. / The foe pulls all of them up with a hook; he catches them in his dragnet, and gathers them in his fishing net; so he rejoices gladly. ...

Psalm 73:3-9
For I envied the arrogant when I saw the prosperity of the wicked. / They have no struggle in their death; their bodies are well-fed. / They are free of the burdens others carry; they are not afflicted like other men. ...

Isaiah 10:33-34
Behold, the Lord GOD of Hosts will lop off the branches with terrifying power. The tall trees will be cut down, the lofty ones will be felled. / He will clear the forest thickets with an axe, and Lebanon will fall before the Mighty One.

Ezekiel 28:2-10
“Son of man, tell the ruler of Tyre that this is what the Lord GOD says: Your heart is proud, and you have said, ‘I am a god; I sit in the seat of gods in the heart of the sea.’ Yet you are a man and not a god, though you have regarded your heart as that of a god. / Behold, you are wiser than Daniel; no secret is hidden from you! / By your wisdom and understanding you have gained your wealth and amassed gold and silver for your treasuries. ...

Matthew 13:47-50
Once again, the kingdom of heaven is like a net that was cast into the sea and caught all kinds of fish. / When it was full, the men pulled it ashore. Then they sat down and sorted the good fish into containers, but threw the bad away. / So will it be at the end of the age: The angels will come and separate the wicked from the righteous ...

Luke 12:16-21
Then He told them a parable: “The ground of a certain rich man produced an abundance. / So he thought to himself, ‘What shall I do, since I have nowhere to store my crops?’ / Then he said, ‘This is what I will do: I will tear down my barns and will build bigger ones, and there I will store up all my grain and my goods. ...

James 1:10-11
But the one who is rich should exult in his low position, because he will pass away like a flower of the field. / For the sun rises with scorching heat and withers the plant; its flower falls and its beauty is lost. So too, the rich man will fade away in the midst of his pursuits.

1 Peter 1:24
For, “All flesh is like grass, and all its glory like the flowers of the field; the grass withers and the flowers fall,

Revelation 18:7-8
As much as she has glorified herself and lived in luxury, give her the same measure of torment and grief. In her heart she says, ‘I sit as queen; I am not a widow and will never see grief.’ / Therefore her plagues will come in one day—death and grief and famine—and she will be consumed by fire, for mighty is the Lord God who judges her.”


Treasury of Scripture

I have seen the wicked in great power, and spreading himself like a green bay tree.

I have

Psalm 73:3-11
For I was envious at the foolish, when I saw the prosperity of the wicked…

Esther 5:11
And Haman told them of the glory of his riches, and the multitude of his children, and all the things wherein the king had promoted him, and how he had advanced him above the princes and servants of the king.

Job 5:3
I have seen the foolish taking root: but suddenly I cursed his habitation.

a green bay-tree.

Job 8:13-19
So are the paths of all that forget God; and the hypocrite's hope shall perish: …

Ezekiel 31:6-10,18
All the fowls of heaven made their nests in his boughs, and under his branches did all the beasts of the field bring forth their young, and under his shadow dwelt all great nations…

Daniel 4:20
The tree that thou sawest, which grew, and was strong, whose height reached unto the heaven, and the sight thereof to all the earth;

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Bay Cedar Covering Evil-Doer Flourishing Great Green Leafy Native Overbearing Plant Power Ruthless Soil Spreading Terrible Towering Tree Violent Wicked
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Psalm 37
1. David persuades to patience and confidence in God,
12. by the different estate of the godly and the wicked














I have seen
The phrase "I have seen" suggests personal observation and experience. In the Hebrew context, the verb "ra'ah" implies not just physical sight but also understanding and discernment. The psalmist, likely David, speaks from a place of wisdom and reflection, having witnessed the patterns of life and the fate of the wicked. This personal testimony adds weight to the message, reminding believers that the insights shared are grounded in real-life experiences and divine revelation.

a wicked, ruthless man
The description "wicked, ruthless man" combines moral and ethical corruption with a lack of compassion. The Hebrew word for "wicked" is "rasha," which denotes someone who is guilty of sin and rebellion against God. "Ruthless" suggests a person who is cruel and merciless, lacking the qualities of kindness and justice that are central to God's character. This portrayal serves as a warning against the allure of power and success achieved through ungodly means, emphasizing the ultimate futility of such a life.

flourishing
The term "flourishing" conveys a sense of prosperity and success. In Hebrew, "parach" means to sprout or blossom, indicating growth and vitality. This imagery is often used in Scripture to describe the temporary success of the wicked, which can be misleading. While they may appear to thrive, their prosperity is superficial and short-lived. This serves as a reminder to believers that true flourishing is found in righteousness and alignment with God's will, not in worldly success.

like a well-rooted native tree
The simile "like a well-rooted native tree" paints a picture of stability and strength. In the ancient Near Eastern context, trees were symbols of life and endurance. A "native tree" suggests one that is deeply embedded in its environment, drawing sustenance and support from the land. However, the psalmist uses this imagery to highlight the deceptive nature of the wicked's prosperity. Though they may seem secure and established, their foundation is ultimately unstable because it is not grounded in God. This serves as an encouragement to believers to root themselves in the Lord, who is the true source of life and strength.

(35) In great power.--Terrible, like a tyrant.

Green bay tree.--The Hebrew word elsewhere implies a "native" as opposed to "a foreigner." So here an indigenous tree. "It may be questioned whether any particular tree is intended by the psalmist; but if so, it must have been an evergreen, and may possibly be the Sweet Bay (Laurus nobilis), which is a native of Palestine. We met with it near Hebron; on Mount Carmel in great plenty; on Tabor, and in various glades of Galilee and Gilead" (Tristram, Natural History of Bible, 338).

The LXX. and Vulg., by slightly altering the text, have, "as cedars of Lebanon."

Verse 35. - I have seen the wicked in great power, and flourishing like a green bay tree; rather, as in the margin, like a green tree in his own (or, his native) soil. Growing, i.e., rankly and luxuriantly, like a leafy shrub, that has never suffered transplantation (comp. Psalm 1:3; Ezekiel 31:3).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
I have seen
רָ֭אִיתִי (rā·’î·ṯî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 7200: To see

a wicked,
רָשָׁ֣ע (rā·šā‘)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 7563: Wrong, an, bad person

ruthless man
עָרִ֑יץ (‘ā·rîṣ)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 6184: Awe-inspiring, terror-striking

flourishing
רַעֲנָֽן׃ (ra·‘ă·nān)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 7488: Verdant, new, prosperous

like a well-rooted
וּ֝מִתְעָרֶ֗ה (ū·miṯ·‘ā·reh)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hitpael - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 6168: To be, bare, to empty, pour out, demolish

native tree,
כְּאֶזְרָ֥ח (kə·’ez·rāḥ)
Preposition-k | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 249: A spontaneous growth, native


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OT Poetry: Psalm 37:35 I have seen the wicked in great (Psalm Ps Psa.)
Psalm 37:34
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