Verse (Click for Chapter) New International Version Now Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had taken Ai and totally destroyed it, doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king, and that the people of Gibeon had made a treaty of peace with Israel and had become their allies. New Living Translation Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem, heard that Joshua had captured and completely destroyed Ai and killed its king, just as he had destroyed the town of Jericho and killed its king. He also learned that the Gibeonites had made peace with Israel and were now their allies. English Standard Version As soon as Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem, heard how Joshua had captured Ai and had devoted it to destruction, doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king, and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were among them, Berean Standard Bible Now Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and devoted it to destruction—doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king—and that the people of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living near them. Berean Literal Bible And it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai and devoted it to destruction (as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king), and how those dwelling in Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were among them, King James Bible Now it came to pass, when Adonizedek king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; New King James Version Now it came to pass when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai and had utterly destroyed it—as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king—and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were among them, New American Standard Bible Now it came about when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai, and had utterly destroyed it (just as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king), and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were within their land, NASB 1995 Now it came about when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai, and had utterly destroyed it (just as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king), and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were within their land, NASB 1977 Now it came about when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai, and had utterly destroyed it (just as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king), and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were within their land, Legacy Standard Bible Now it happened that when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and had devoted it to destruction (just as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king), and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were within their land, Amplified Bible When Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai, and had utterly destroyed it—as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king—and that the residents of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were [living] among them, Berean Annotated Bible Now Adoni-zedek (my lord is righteous) king of Jerusalem (city of peace) heard that Joshua (YHWH saves) had captured Ai (heap of ruins) and devoted it to destruction {cherem} doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho (city of palms) and its king—and that the people of Gibeon (hill city) had made peace with Israel (he wrestles with God) and were living near them. Christian Standard Bible Now King Adoni-zedek of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and completely destroyed it, treating Ai and its king as he had Jericho and its king, and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living among them. Holman Christian Standard Bible Now Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and completely destroyed it, treating Ai and its king as he had Jericho and its king, and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living among them. American Standard Version Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it (as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king), and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; Contemporary English Version King Adonizedek of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured and destroyed the town of Ai, and then killed its king as he had done at Jericho. He also learned that the Gibeonites had signed a peace treaty with Israel. English Revised Version Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; GOD'S WORD® Translation King Adoni Zedek of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and claimed it for the LORD the same way he had destroyed Jericho and its king. He also heard that the people of Gibeon had made peace with the people of Israel and were living with them. Good News Translation Adonizedek, the king of Jerusalem, heard that Joshua had captured and totally destroyed Ai and had killed its king, just as he had done to Jericho and its king. He also heard that the people of Gibeon had made peace with the Israelites and were living among them. International Standard Version King Adoni-zedek of Jerusalem eventually heard how Joshua had conquered Ai, utterly destroying it, doing to Ai and its king the same thing that he had done to Jericho and its king, and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were now living among them. NET Bible Adoni-Zedek, king of Jerusalem, heard how Joshua captured Ai and annihilated it and its king as he did Jericho and its king. He also heard how the people of Gibeon made peace with Israel and lived among them. New Heart English Bible Now it happened when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Joshua and with Israel, and were among them; Webster's Bible Translation Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedec king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; Majority Text Translations Majority Standard BibleNow Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and devoted it to destruction—doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king—and that the people of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living near them. World English Bible Now when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them, Literal Translations Literal Standard VersionAnd it comes to pass, when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem hears that Joshua has captured Ai, and devotes it (as he had done to Jericho and to her king so he has done to Ai and to her king), and that the inhabitants of Gibeon have made peace with Israel, and are in their midst— Berean Literal Bible And it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai and devoted it to destruction (as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king), and how those dwelling in Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were among them, Young's Literal Translation And it cometh to pass, when Adoni-Zedek king of Jerusalem heareth that Joshua hath captured Ai, and doth devote it (as he had done to Jericho and to her king so he hath done to Ai and to her king), and that the inhabitants of Gibeon have made peace with Israel, and are in their midst, -- Smith's Literal Translation And it will be lord Zedek, king of Jerusalem, heard that Joshua took Ai and exterminated it; as he did to Jericho and to her king, so he did to Ai and her king; and that the inhabitants of Gibeon made peace with Israel, and they will be in the midst of them. Catholic Translations Douay-Rheims BibleWhen Adonisedec king of Jerusalem had heard these things, to wit, that Josue had taken Hai, and had destroyed it, (for as he had done to Jericho and the king thereof, so did he to Hai, and its king,) and that the Gabaonites were gone over to Israel, and were their confederates, Catholic Public Domain Version When Adonizedek, the king of Jerusalem, had heard these things, specifically, that Joshua had seized Ai, and had overthrown it, (for just as he had done to Jericho and its king, so did he do to Ai and its king,) and that the Gibeonites had fled over to Israel, and were now their confederates, New American Bible Now when Adonizedek, king of Jerusalem, heard that Joshua had captured Ai and put it under the ban, and had done to that city and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king, and that the inhabitants of Gibeon had made their peace with Israel, remaining among them, New Revised Standard Version When King Adoni-zedek of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it, doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king, and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were among them, Translations from Aramaic Lamsa BibleWHEN Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had captured Ai and had utterly destroyed it (as he had done to Jericho and its king, so he had done to Ai and its king) and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; Peshitta Holy Bible Translated And when Adunitsdeq, King of Jerusalem, heard that Yeshua had seized Ai and destroyed it, and just as he did to Jeirikho and its King, so he did to Ai and its King, and that the inhabitants of Gebuun had made peace with Israel and were among them OT Translations JPS Tanakh 1917Now it came to pass, when Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; Brenton Septuagint Translation And when Adoni-bezec king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had taken Gai, and had destroyed it, as he did to Jericho and its king, even so they did to Gai and its king, and that the inhabitants of Gabaon had gone over to Joshua and Israel; Additional Translations ... Audio Bible Context The Day the Sun Stood Still1Now Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard that Joshua had captured Ai and devoted it to destruction— doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king— and that the people of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living near them. 2So Adoni-zedek and his people were greatly alarmed, because Gibeon was a great city, like one of the royal cities; it was larger than Ai, and all its men were mighty.… Cross References Now Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard Joshua 9:1-2 Now when news of this reached all the kings west of the Jordan—those in the hill country, the foothills, and all along the coast of the Great Sea toward Lebanon (the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites)— / they came together to wage war against Joshua and Israel. Joshua 5:1 Now when all the Amorite kings west of the Jordan and all the Canaanite kings along the coast heard how the LORD had dried up the waters of the Jordan before the Israelites until they had crossed over, their hearts melted and their spirits failed for fear of the Israelites. Joshua 2:10-11 For we have heard how the LORD dried up the waters of the Red Sea before you when you came out of Egypt, and what you did to Sihon and Og, the two kings of the Amorites across the Jordan, whom you devoted to destruction. / When we heard this, our hearts melted and everyone’s courage failed because of you, for the LORD your God is God in the heavens above and on the earth below. that Joshua had captured Ai and devoted it to destruction— Joshua 8:26-28 Joshua did not draw back the hand that held his battle lance until he had devoted to destruction all who lived in Ai. / Israel took for themselves only the cattle and plunder of that city, as the LORD had commanded Joshua. / So Joshua burned Ai and made it a permanent heap of ruins, a desolation to this day. Joshua 8:24-25 When Israel had finished killing all the men of Ai who had pursued them into the field and wilderness, and when every last one of them had fallen by the sword, all the Israelites returned to Ai and put it to the sword as well. / A total of twelve thousand men and women fell that day—all the people of Ai. Deuteronomy 7:2 and when the LORD your God has delivered them over to you to defeat them, then you must devote them to complete destruction. Make no treaty with them and show them no mercy. doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king— Joshua 6:21 With the edge of the sword they devoted to destruction everything in the city—man and woman, young and old, oxen, sheep, and donkeys. Joshua 6:24-25 Then the Israelites burned up the city and everything in it. However, they put the silver and gold and articles of bronze and iron into the treasury of the LORD’s house. / And Joshua spared Rahab the prostitute, with her father’s household and all who belonged to her, because she hid the men Joshua had sent to spy out Jericho. So she has lived among the Israelites to this day. Joshua 8:29 He hung the king of Ai on a tree until evening, and at sunset Joshua commanded that they take down the body from the tree and throw it down at the entrance of the city gate. And over it they raised a large pile of rocks, which remains to this day. and that the people of Gibeon had made peace with Israel Joshua 11:19 No city made peace with the Israelites except the Hivites living in Gibeon; all others were taken in battle. Joshua 9:15 And Joshua made a treaty of peace with them to let them live, and the leaders of the congregation swore an oath to them. Joshua 9:18-20 But the Israelites did not attack them, because the leaders of the congregation had sworn an oath to them by the LORD, the God of Israel. And the whole congregation grumbled against the leaders. / All the leaders answered, “We have sworn an oath to them by the LORD, the God of Israel, and now we cannot touch them. / This is how we will treat them: We will let them live, so that no wrath will fall on us because of the oath we swore to them.” and were living near them. Joshua 9:16-17 Three days after they had made the treaty with the Gibeonites, the Israelites learned that they were neighbors, living among them. / So the Israelites set out and on the third day arrived at their cities—Gibeon, Chephirah, Beeroth, and Kiriath-jearim. Joshua 9:22-23 Then Joshua summoned the Gibeonites and said, “Why did you deceive us by telling us you live far away from us, when in fact you live among us? / Now therefore you are under a curse and will perpetually serve as woodcutters and water carriers for the house of my God.” Deuteronomy 20:15 This is how you are to treat all the cities that are far away from you and do not belong to the nations nearby. Joshua 6:27 So the LORD was with Joshua, and his fame spread throughout the land. Treasury of Scripture Now it came to pass, when Adonizedec king of Jerusalem had heard how Joshua had taken Ai, and had utterly destroyed it; as he had done to Jericho and her king, so he had done to Ai and her king; and how the inhabitants of Gibeon had made peace with Israel, and were among them; Adoni-zedec Genesis 14:18 And Melchizedek king of Salem brought forth bread and wine: and he was the priest of the most high God. Hebrews 7:1 For this Melchisedec, king of Salem, priest of the most high God, who met Abraham returning from the slaughter of the kings, and blessed him; as he had Joshua 6:21 And they utterly destroyed all that was in the city, both man and woman, young and old, and ox, and sheep, and ass, with the edge of the sword. Joshua 8:2,22-29 And thou shalt do to Ai and her king as thou didst unto Jericho and her king: only the spoil thereof, and the cattle thereof, shall ye take for a prey unto yourselves: lay thee an ambush for the city behind it… how the Joshua 9:15-27 And Joshua made peace with them, and made a league with them, to let them live: and the princes of the congregation sware unto them… Joshua 11:19,20 There was not a city that made peace with the children of Israel, save the Hivites the inhabitants of Gibeon: all other they took in battle… Jump to Previous Adonizedec Adoni-Zedec Adoni-Zedek Ai Captured Destroyed Heard Inhabitants Israel Jericho Jerusalem Joshua Peace UtterlyJump to Next Adonizedec Adoni-Zedec Adoni-Zedek Ai Captured Destroyed Heard Inhabitants Israel Jericho Jerusalem Joshua Peace UtterlyJoshua 10 1. Five kings war against Gibeon6. Joshua rescues it 10. God fights against them with hailstones 12. The sun and moon stand still at the word of Joshua 16. The five kings are murdered in a cave 22. They are brought forth 24. scornfully used 26. and hanged 28. Seven kings more are conquered 43. Joshua returns to Gilgal Now Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard Adoni-zedek, meaning "lord of righteousness," was the king of Jerusalem, a city that would later become central to Israelite history. At this time, Jerusalem was a Jebusite city. The mention of Adoni-zedek highlights the political landscape of Canaan, where city-states were ruled by local kings. The hearing of news indicates the spread of Joshua's military successes, causing concern among Canaanite leaders. that Joshua had captured Ai and devoted it to destruction doing to Ai and its king as he had done to Jericho and its king and that the people of Gibeon had made peace with Israel and were living near them Persons / Places / Events 1. Adoni-zedekThe king of Jerusalem during the time of Joshua. His name means "Lord of Righteousness," which is ironic given his opposition to God's people. 2. Jerusalem A significant city in biblical history, later becoming the central city of Israel and the location of the Temple. 3. Joshua The leader of Israel who succeeded Moses, known for his military conquests and faithfulness to God. 4. Ai A city that was captured and destroyed by Joshua and the Israelites, following God's command. 5. Gibeon A city whose inhabitants made a treaty with Israel, choosing to live in peace with them rather than face destruction. Teaching Points God's Sovereignty in LeadershipJoshua's leadership and military success are a testament to God's sovereignty and faithfulness. Believers can trust that God equips and guides those He calls to lead. The Irony of Opposition Adoni-zedek's name means "Lord of Righteousness," yet he opposes God's people. This serves as a reminder that not all who appear righteous are aligned with God's will. The Importance of Alliances The Gibeonites' decision to make peace with Israel highlights the importance of wise alliances. In our lives, aligning with godly influences can lead to protection and blessing. God's Faithfulness to His Promises The capture of Ai and the treaty with Gibeon are part of God's promise to give Israel the land. This encourages believers to trust in God's promises, knowing He is faithful to fulfill them. Bible Study Questions and Answers 1. What is the meaning of Joshua 10:1?2. How does Joshua 10:1 demonstrate God's faithfulness to Israel's covenant with Him? 3. What can we learn about leadership from Joshua's response in Joshua 10:1? 4. How does Joshua 10:1 connect with God's promises in Deuteronomy 31:6? 5. How should believers today respond to threats against God's people, as seen in Joshua 10:1? 6. What role does prayer play in facing challenges, inspired by Joshua 10:1? 7. How does Joshua 10:1 align with historical and archaeological evidence of ancient Canaanite cities? 8. Why did Adoni-Zedek fear Joshua and Israel according to Joshua 10:1? 9. What does Joshua 10:1 reveal about the political alliances in Canaan? 10. What are the top 10 Lessons from Joshua 10? 11. What is Gibeon's significance in the Bible? 12. In Joshua 12:1–24, how feasible is it that the Israelites defeated and occupied territories ruled by thirty-one kings so quickly without significant recorded losses? 13. Joshua 1:2 – How can the historical conquest of Canaan be verified when archaeological evidence of such a large-scale event is disputed? 14. What are key events in Joshua's life? What Does Joshua 10:1 Mean Adoni-zedek king of Jerusalem heard• Adoni-zedek ruled the fortified hill-city later called Zion (Genesis 14:18 hints at an earlier king, Melchizedek, from the same site). • His very title, “king of Jerusalem,” signals that the city was still in Canaanite hands when Israel entered the land (Joshua 15:63). • “Heard” shows that news of God’s acts through Israel traveled quickly; Canaanite rulers tracked each victory (Joshua 9:1-2). • Fear rather than repentance marked his response, setting the stage for the coalition in Joshua 10:3-5. Joshua had captured Ai • The defeat of Ai is recorded in Joshua 8:1-29. • After the setback caused by Achan’s sin (Joshua 7), God granted Israel a fresh victory, confirming His promise in Deuteronomy 11:24. • Canaanite kings realized that Jericho’s fall was no fluke; Israel could conquer walled cities repeatedly. Devoted it to destruction • Ai, like Jericho, was placed under the ban—total destruction of people and property except what God specified (Deuteronomy 7:2; Joshua 8:26-27). • The ban underscored that the land belonged to the LORD and that Israel’s victories were acts of divine judgment, not mere territorial expansion (Deuteronomy 20:16-18). • Adoni-zedek interpreted this as an existential threat: if Ai’s gods could not save it, neither could Jerusalem’s. As he had done to Jericho and its king • Jericho’s king was executed and the city burned (Joshua 6:21-24); the same fate met Ai’s king, whose body hung until sunset (Joshua 8:29). • The pattern proved Joshua followed God’s commands consistently, giving Canaanite rulers no hope of negotiating terms other than surrender (Hebrews 11:30 reminds us that Jericho’s fall was an act of faith). • For Adoni-zedek, this meant Joshua would not relent once a city was placed under judgment. Gibeon had made peace with Israel • Gibeonites resorted to deception, yet Israel honored the oath made in the LORD’s name (Joshua 9:3-27). • Gibeon was a “great city, like one of the royal cities” (Joshua 10:2), so its alliance shifted the regional balance. • The treaty illustrated God’s mercy toward those who sought refuge—an echo of Rahab’s deliverance (Joshua 6:25; James 2:25). Living near them • Gibeon and its towns lay only a day’s march from Jerusalem (Joshua 9:17; 10:6). • Their proximity placed Adoni-zedek’s territory next on Israel’s path and exposed him to attack should he leave Gibeon unchallenged. • The Gibeonites’ new role as woodcutters and water carriers (Joshua 9:27) meant they served the LORD’s sanctuary—another sign that Canaan’s spiritual center was shifting. summary Joshua 10:1 records the moment a powerful Canaanite king realized that Israel’s God was unstoppable: Jericho had fallen, Ai had been wiped out under the ban, and a major neighbor, Gibeon, had defected to Israel. Adoni-zedek’s alarm explains the hostile coalition that follows. The verse testifies to God’s faithfulness in granting victories exactly as promised and highlights the choice facing every nation—resist and perish or seek peace on God’s terms. X.CONQUEST OF THE SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY OF THE NATIONS OF CANAAN. (1) Adoni-zedec king of Jerusalem.--We may compare this name (Lord of Righteousness) with Melchizedek (King of Righteousness). (See Genesis 14:18 and Hebrews 7:1.) The similarity of the names makes it probable that the Salem of Genesis 14:18 is Jerusalem (see Notes). The title Lord or King of Righteousness may have belonged to the king of Jerusalem, not only as a local title, but also in relation to the surrounding tribes, over whom he may have been a suzerain. But we know nothing of the matter beyond what we find in the sacred text. Verse 1. - Adoni-zedec (cf. Melchizedek in Genesis 14:18). The name given to the king of Jerusalem was good enough, and no doubt was a survival of earlier and purer times. In the days of Melchizedek the name corresponded to the character. Jerusalem. Hebrew, Jerushalaim, with the usual dual termination. It has been generally supposed to be the same with Salem, or rather Shalem, the city of which Melehizedek was king, and this is supported by the fact that the name of Salem is given to Jerusalem in Psalm 76:2. But it is by no means certain that this is the case. The first to dispute the identity of the two places was St. Jerome, who declares that the Salem of Melchizedek was eight miles from Scythopolis, and that the ruins of the palace of Melchizedek could still be seen there (see also Genesis 33:18). The term Salem, as indicative of the security and strength of Jerusalem, might not unnaturally be applied to it by the Psalmist; while; on the other hand, the dual form of Jerusalem seems difficult to account for on the theory of the identity of Jerusalem and Salem. This dual form has been a difficulty to critics; and Mr. Grove, in the 'Dictionary of the Bible,' conjectures that it may have arisen from an attempt to twist the archaic Phoenician form into agreement with the more modern Hebrew idiom, just as the Greeks afterwards twisted the name into Hierosolyma, or the holy Solyma. But a simpler explanation may be found in the fact that Jerusalem, like many other cities, consisted of two parts, the upper and the lower town (cf. Judges 1:8 with ver. 1, 7 and 21, and 2 Samuel 5:6-8), while in earlier times the upper or lower town alone existed. Plural names of cities were not uncommon in later ages, as Athenae and Thebae. The name has been variously derived. Some have thought that as it is also called Jebus (Joshua 18:28; Judges 19:10), from its being the chief city of the Jebusites, it was originally Jebus-salem, and hence by a corruption Jerusalem. But this derivation has now been abandoned, and opinions differ as to whether it is derived from יְרוּשׁ and שָׁלֵם signifying "peaceful inheritance" (Ewald, Keil), or from יָרָה and שָׁלֵם "peaceful settlement" (Gesenius, Lee). Gesenius objects to the former derivation that it would require dagesh in the שׁ. The fathers and mediaeval divines, misled by Origen, translate it "vision of peace." This translation is alluded to in the well-known hymns Urbs beata Sion and O quanta qualia. Origen supposed it to come from ראה. Another difficult question is when the name was given, for there can be little doubt that the Book of Joshua was written before the time of David. It is possible that the name may have been given by the Jebusites themselves in consequence of their secure possession of it, notwithstanding the subjugation of the surrounding country by the Israelites. And when David had seized upon it and made it his capital, he would not be likely to change so suitable a name. For the Jebusites, evidently by their invariable position last among the nations of Canaan, the most insignificant among them, were enabled to defy the Israelite power long after their more powerful neighbours had succumbed. and David no doubt chose the situation of Jerusalem for his capital not only because, unlike Hebron, it enabled him to dwell among his own people without cutting himself off from intercourse with the other tribes of Israel; but because, as a mountain fastness remote from the plains of Esdraelon and the Orontes, which were the great highways of the Egyptian and Assyrian kings on their military expeditions, it would enable him to consolidate his power, and to secure that empire which became his from the force of his genius and the favour of God. We may remark upon the antecedent probability of the fact that the king of a place situated as Jerusalem is should stand at the head of this league.Parallel Commentaries ... Hebrew Nowוַיְהִי֩ (way·hî) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be Adoni-zedek צֶ֜דֶק (ṣe·ḏeq) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 139: Adoni-zedek -- 'Lord of righteousness', king of Jerusalem king מֶ֣לֶךְ (me·leḵ) Noun - masculine singular construct Strong's 4428: A king of Jerusalem יְרוּשָׁלִַ֗ם (yə·rū·šā·lim) Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 3389: Jerusalem -- probably 'foundation of peace', capital city of all Israel heard כִשְׁמֹ֨עַ (ḵiš·mō·a‘) Preposition-k | Verb - Qal - Infinitive construct Strong's 8085: To hear intelligently that כִּֽי־ (kî-) Conjunction Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction Joshua יְהוֹשֻׁ֣עַ (yə·hō·wō·šu·a‘) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 3091: Joshua -- 'the LORD is salvation', Moses' successor, also the name of a number of Israelites had captured לָכַ֨ד (lā·ḵaḏ) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 3920: To catch, to capture, occupy, to choose, to cohere Ai הָעַי֮ (hā·‘ay) Article | Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 5857: Ai -- a Canaanite city and completely destroyed it, וַיַּחֲרִימָהּ֒ (way·ya·ḥă·rî·māh) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular | third person feminine singular Strong's 2763: To seclude, to devote to religious uses, to be blunt as to the nose doing to עָשָׂ֤ה (‘ā·śāh) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 6213: To do, make Ai לָעַ֖י (lā·‘ay) Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 5857: Ai -- a Canaanite city and its king וּלְמַלְכָּ֔הּ (ū·lə·mal·kāh) Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular Strong's 4428: A king as כַּאֲשֶׁ֨ר (ka·’ă·šer) Preposition-k | Pronoun - relative Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that he had done to עָשָׂ֥ה (‘ā·śāh) Verb - Qal - Perfect - third person masculine singular Strong's 6213: To do, make Jericho לִֽירִיחוֹ֙ (lî·rî·ḥōw) Preposition-l | Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 3405: Jericho -- a city in the Jordan Valley captured by Joshua and its king, וּלְמַלְכָּ֑הּ (ū·lə·mal·kāh) Conjunctive waw, Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person feminine singular Strong's 4428: A king and that וְכִ֨י (wə·ḵî) Conjunctive waw | Conjunction Strong's 3588: A relative conjunction the people יֹשְׁבֵ֤י (yō·šə·ḇê) Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry of Gibeon גִבְעוֹן֙ (ḡiḇ·‘ō·wn) Noun - proper - feminine singular Strong's 1391: Gibeon -- a Levitical city in Benjamin had made peace הִשְׁלִ֜ימוּ (hiš·lî·mū) Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person common plural Strong's 7999: To be safe, to be, completed, to be friendly, to reciprocate with אֶת־ (’eṯ-) Preposition Strong's 854: Nearness, near, with, by, at, among Israel יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל (yiś·rā·’êl) Noun - proper - masculine singular Strong's 3478: Israel -- 'God strives', another name of Jacob and his desc and were וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ (way·yih·yū) Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be living among them. בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃ (bə·qir·bām) Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine plural Strong's 7130: The nearest part, the center Links Joshua 10:1 NIVJoshua 10:1 NLT Joshua 10:1 ESV Joshua 10:1 NASB Joshua 10:1 KJV Joshua 10:1 BibleApps.com Joshua 10:1 Biblia Paralela Joshua 10:1 Chinese Bible Joshua 10:1 French Bible Joshua 10:1 Catholic Bible OT History: Joshua 10:1 Now it happened when Adoni-Zedek king of (Josh. Jos) |
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