2 Chronicles 21:16
New International Version
The LORD aroused against Jehoram the hostility of the Philistines and of the Arabs who lived near the Cushites.

New Living Translation
Then the LORD stirred up the Philistines and the Arabs, who lived near the Ethiopians, to attack Jehoram.

English Standard Version
And the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the anger of the Philistines and of the Arabians who are near the Ethiopians.

Berean Standard Bible
Then the LORD stirred against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and Arabs who lived near the Cushites.

King James Bible
Moreover the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, that were near the Ethiopians:

New King James Version
Moreover the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and the Arabians who were near the Ethiopians.

New American Standard Bible
Then the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and the Arabs who bordered the Ethiopians;

NASB 1995
Then the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and the Arabs who bordered the Ethiopians;

NASB 1977
Then the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and the Arabs who bordered the Ethiopians;

Legacy Standard Bible
Then Yahweh stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and the Arabs who bordered the Ethiopians;

Amplified Bible
Then the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit (anger) of the Philistines and of the Arabs who bordered the Ethiopians.

Christian Standard Bible
The LORD roused the spirit of the Philistines and the Arabs who lived near the Cushites to attack Jehoram.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
The LORD put it into the mind of the Philistines and the Arabs who live near the Cushites to attack Jehoram.

American Standard Version
And Jehovah stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians that are beside the Ethiopians:

Contemporary English Version
The LORD later caused the Philistines and the Arabs who lived near the Ethiopians to become angry with Jehoram.

English Revised Version
And the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians which are beside the Ethiopians:

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The LORD prompted the Philistines and the Arabs who lived near the people of Sudan to attack Jehoram.

Good News Translation
Some Philistines and Arabs lived near where some Ethiopians had settled along the coast. The LORD caused them to go to war against Jehoram.

International Standard Version
The LORD also provoked the attitude of the Philistines and the Arabs who bordered the Ethiopians against Jehoram,

Majority Standard Bible
Then the LORD stirred against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and Arabs who lived near the Cushites.

NET Bible
The LORD stirred up against Jehoram the Philistines and the Arabs who lived beside the Cushites.

New Heart English Bible
The LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians who are beside the Ethiopians:

Webster's Bible Translation
Moreover, the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, that were near the Cushites.

World English Bible
Yahweh stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who are beside the Ethiopians;
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
And YHWH wakes up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians, who [are] beside the Cushim,

Young's Literal Translation
And Jehovah waketh up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, who are beside the Cushim,

Smith's Literal Translation
And Jehovah will rouse up against Jehoram the spirit of the rovers and the Arabians which were upon the hand of the Cushitea.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
And the Lord stirred up against Joram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, who border on the Ethiopians.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Therefore, the Lord stirred up, against Jehoram, the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, who are along the borders of the Ethiopians.

New American Bible
Then the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the animosity of the Philistines and of the Arabians who were neighbors of the Ethiopians.

New Revised Standard Version
The LORD aroused against Jehoram the anger of the Philistines and of the Arabs who are near the Ethiopians.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Moreover the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians who dwelt near the Ethiopians;

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And LORD JEHOVAH has awakened the spirit of the Philistines and of the Arabians dwelling among the Hindus against Yoram
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
And the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians that are beside the Ethiopians;

Brenton Septuagint Translation
So the Lord stirred up the Philistines against Joram, and the Arabians, and those who bordered on the Aethiopians:

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Jehoram's Disease and Death
16Then the LORD stirred against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines and Arabs who lived near the Cushites. 17So they went to war against Judah, invaded it, and carried off all the possessions found in the king’s palace, along with his sons and wives; not a son was left to him except Jehoahaz, his youngest.…

Cross References
1 Kings 11:14
Then the LORD raised up against Solomon an adversary, Hadad the Edomite, from the royal line of Edom.

2 Kings 8:20-22
In the days of Jehoram, Edom rebelled against the hand of Judah and appointed their own king. / So Jehoram crossed over to Zair with all his chariots. When the Edomites surrounded him and his chariot commanders, he rose up and attacked by night. His troops, however, fled to their homes. / So to this day Edom has been in rebellion against the hand of Judah. Likewise, Libnah rebelled at the same time.

2 Chronicles 17:11
Some Philistines also brought gifts and silver as tribute to Jehoshaphat, and the Arabs brought him 7,700 rams and 7,700 goats from their flocks.

2 Chronicles 20:1
After this, the Moabites and Ammonites, together with some of the Meunites, came to make war against Jehoshaphat.

2 Chronicles 22:1
Then the people of Jerusalem made Ahaziah, the youngest son of Jehoram, king in his place, since the raiders who had come into the camp with the Arabs had killed all the older sons. So Ahaziah son of Jehoram became king of Judah.

Isaiah 13:17
Behold, I will stir up against them the Medes, who have no regard for silver and no desire for gold.

Jeremiah 25:9
behold, I will summon all the families of the north, declares the LORD, and I will send for My servant Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, whom I will bring against this land, against its residents, and against all the surrounding nations. So I will devote them to destruction and make them an object of horror and contempt, an everlasting desolation.

Jeremiah 49:28-29
Concerning Kedar and the kingdoms of Hazor, which Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon defeated, this is what the LORD says: “Rise up, advance against Kedar, and destroy the people of the east! / They will take their tents and flocks, their tent curtains and all their goods. They will take their camels for themselves. They will shout to them: ‘Terror is on every side!’

Ezekiel 25:4
therefore I will indeed give you as a possession to the people of the East. They will set up their camps and pitch their tents among you. They will eat your fruit and drink your milk.

Amos 1:6
This is what the LORD says: “For three transgressions of Gaza, even four, I will not revoke My judgment, because they exiled a whole population, delivering them up to Edom.

Obadiah 1:1
This is the vision of Obadiah: This is what the Lord GOD says about Edom—We have heard a message from the LORD; an envoy has been sent among the nations to say, “Rise up, and let us go to battle against her!”—

Matthew 24:7
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be famines and earthquakes in various places.

Mark 13:8
Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom. There will be earthquakes in various places, as well as famines. These are the beginning of birth pains.

Luke 21:10
Then He told them, “Nation will rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom.

Acts 17:26
From one man He made every nation of men, that they should inhabit the whole earth; and He determined their appointed times and the boundaries of their lands.


Treasury of Scripture

Moreover the LORD stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, that were near the Ethiopians:

A.

2 Chronicles 33:11
Wherefore the LORD brought upon them the captains of the host of the king of Assyria, which took Manasseh among the thorns, and bound him with fetters, and carried him to Babylon.

1 Samuel 26:19
Now therefore, I pray thee, let my lord the king hear the words of his servant. If the LORD have stirred thee up against me, let him accept an offering: but if they be the children of men, cursed be they before the LORD; for they have driven me out this day from abiding in the inheritance of the LORD, saying, Go, serve other gods.

2 Samuel 24:1
And again the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he moved David against them to say, Go, number Israel and Judah.

Philistines

2 Chronicles 17:11
Also some of the Philistines brought Jehoshaphat presents, and tribute silver; and the Arabians brought him flocks, seven thousand and seven hundred rams, and seven thousand and seven hundred he goats.

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Anger Arabians Arabs Aroused Bordered Cushim Cushites Ethiopia Ethiopians Hostility Jehoram Jeho'ram Moreover Moved Philistines Spirit Stirred War
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Anger Arabians Arabs Aroused Bordered Cushim Cushites Ethiopia Ethiopians Hostility Jehoram Jeho'ram Moreover Moved Philistines Spirit Stirred War
2 Chronicles 21
1. Jehoram, succeeding Jehoshaphat, slays his brothers
5. His wicked reign
8. Edom and Libnah revolt
12. The prophecy of Elijah against him in writing
16. Philistines and Arabians oppress him
18. His incurable disease, infamous death, and burial














Then the LORD
This phrase emphasizes the sovereignty and active involvement of God in the affairs of nations and individuals. The Hebrew word for "LORD" here is "Yahweh," the covenant name of God, highlighting His faithfulness and authority. In the context of 2 Chronicles, it underscores that God is not a distant deity but one who directly influences history according to His divine purposes.

stirred
The Hebrew root for "stirred" is "עור" (ur), which means to awaken or incite. This action by God indicates a deliberate and purposeful intervention. It suggests that God can move the hearts and minds of people, even those who do not acknowledge Him, to fulfill His will. This stirring is a response to Jehoram's unfaithfulness, showing that God uses even adversaries to bring about His judgment and correction.

against Jehoram
Jehoram, the king of Judah, had turned away from the ways of his father, Jehoshaphat, and led the nation into idolatry and sin. The phrase "against Jehoram" indicates that the consequences of his actions were now manifesting. It serves as a reminder that leadership carries responsibility and that deviation from God's commandments can lead to divine discipline.

the spirit of the Philistines
The Philistines were long-standing enemies of Israel, often representing opposition to God's people. The "spirit" here refers to their attitude or disposition, which God influenced to rise against Jehoram. Historically, the Philistines were a powerful seafaring people, and their involvement signifies a serious threat. This highlights the reality that God can use even traditional enemies to accomplish His purposes.

and the Arabs
The Arabs mentioned here were likely nomadic tribes living in the region. Their inclusion in this divine stirring shows the breadth of God's influence over various peoples. The Arabs, like the Philistines, were not typically aligned with Judah, indicating that God can orchestrate alliances and enmities beyond human understanding to achieve His ends.

who lived near the Cushites
The Cushites were people from the region south of Egypt, often associated with Ethiopia. The mention of their proximity to the Arabs provides geographical context, indicating the widespread nature of the threat against Jehoram. It also suggests that God's stirring was not limited to immediate neighbors but extended to more distant regions, demonstrating His omnipotence and the far-reaching impact of His will.

(16) Moreover.--And, here equivalent to so.

The Lord stirred up against Jehoram.--Isaiah 13:17. The phrase, "stirred up the spirit"--i.e., the will--of a man to an undertaking, is found in Jeremiah 51:11; Haggai 1:14 (Comp. 1Chronicles 5:26; Ezra 1:1.) . . .

Verse 16. - The moreover of this verse is simply the conjunction "and;" it is not the m of ver. 11, for instance. Our Authorized Version "moreover" obscures the purport of the verse. Better the simple "and," as in the Revised Version. The Lord stirred up. Reference may again be made to 2 Chronicles 17:10-12. The things then gained are now being lost. The Arabians... near the Ethiopians. The Ethiopians, i.e. Cushites, fully fifteen centuries before the date of those original treatises from which the writers of Kings and Chronicles respectively borrowed their materials, or some of them, are recorded both genealogically and geographically in Genesis 10:6-8. They had their location very early in the south of Arabia, as also to the south of Egypt, speaking generally, with the Red Sea on the east, the Libyan desert on the west, and Abyssinia on the south, whilst Syene marked conspicuously a site on the line of the northern bounds between them and Egypt (Ezekiel 29:9-11; Isaiah 18:1, 2; Isaiah 45:14; Zephaniah 3:10). They are almost invariably connected with Africa, from whence it is now that stress is laid upon those of them to whom the Arabians, on the other side of the Red Sea, were contiguous.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Then the LORD
יְהוָ֜ה (Yah·weh)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3068: LORD -- the proper name of the God of Israel

stirred
וַיָּ֨עַר (way·yā·‘ar)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Hifil - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5782: To rouse oneself, awake

against Jehoram
יְהוֹרָ֗ם (yə·hō·w·rām)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3088: Jehoram -- 'the LORD is exalted', the name of several Israelites

the spirit
ר֤וּחַ (rū·aḥ)
Noun - common singular construct
Strong's 7307: Wind, breath, exhalation, life, anger, unsubstantiality, a region of the sky, spirit

of the Philistines
הַפְּלִשְׁתִּים֙ (hap·pə·liš·tîm)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine plural
Strong's 6430: Philistines -- inhabitants of Philistia

and of the Arabs
וְהָ֣עַרְבִ֔ים (wə·hā·‘ar·ḇîm)
Conjunctive waw, Article | Noun - proper - masculine plural
Strong's 6163: Arabian -- inhabitant of Arabia

who
אֲשֶׁ֖ר (’ă·šer)
Pronoun - relative
Strong's 834: Who, which, what, that, when, where, how, because, in order that

lived near
עַל־ (‘al-)
Preposition
Strong's 5921: Above, over, upon, against

the Cushites.
כּוּשִֽׁים׃ (kū·šîm)
Noun - proper - masculine plural
Strong's 3569: Cushite -- descendant of Cush


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OT History: 2 Chronicles 21:16 Yahweh stirred up against Jehoram the spirit (2 Chron. 2Ch iiCh ii ch 2 chr 2chr)
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