Bible Thesaurus: Zadok

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Thesaurus

Zadok (50 Occurrences)
...Zadok and Abiathar acted as high priests on several important occasions (1 Chronicles
15:11; 2 Samuel 15:24-29, 35, 36); but when Adonijah endeavoured to ...ZADOK. ...
/z/zadok.htm - 40k

Zadok's (1 Occurrence)
... Multi-Version Concordance Zadok's (1 Occurrence). 2 Samuel 15:36 Behold,
they have there with them their two sons, Ahimaaz, Zadok's...
/z/zadok's.htm - 6k

Abi'athar (28 Occurrences)
... (See RSV). 2 Samuel 8:17 and Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son
of Abiathar, were priests; and Seraiah was scribe; (See RSV). ...
/a/abi'athar.htm - 14k

Ahi'tub (15 Occurrences)
... (See RSV). 2 Samuel 8:17 and Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son
of Abiathar, were priests; and Seraiah was scribe; (See RSV). ...
/a/ahi'tub.htm - 9k

Ahitub (16 Occurrences)
... (2.) The father of Zadok, who was made high priest by Saul after the extermination
of the family of Ahimelech (1 Chronicles 6:7, 8; 2 Samuel 8:17). Int. ...
/a/ahitub.htm - 14k

Ahimaaz (15 Occurrences)
... (2.) The son and successor of Zadok in the office of high priest (1 Chronicles
6:8, 53). ... (2) The son of Zadok the high priest (1 Chronicles 6:8, 9, 53). ...
/a/ahimaaz.htm - 14k

Jehoi'ada (50 Occurrences)
... 1 Kings 1:8 But Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan the
prophet, and Shimei, and Rei, and the mighty men that belonged to David, were ...
/j/jehoi'ada.htm - 21k

Benai'ah (43 Occurrences)
... 1 Kings 1:8 But Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan the
prophet, and Shimei, and Rei, and the mighty men that belonged to David, were ...
/b/benai'ah.htm - 18k

Sadducees (14 Occurrences)
... Etymologies. Probably from Zadok the High Priest 2. Authorities: New Testament,
Josephus, Talmud (primary), Church Fathers (secondary) II. ...
/s/sadducees.htm - 31k

Ahim'elech (16 Occurrences)
... (See RSV). 2 Samuel 8:17 and Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son
of Abiathar, were priests; and Seraiah was scribe; (See RSV). ...
/a/ahim'elech.htm - 11k

Bible Concordance

Zadok (50 Occurrences)

Matthew 1:14 Azor of Zadok; Zadok of Achim; Achim of Eliud;
(WEY BBE NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 8:17 and Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were priests; and Seraiah was scribe;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 15:24 Behold, Zadok also came, and all the Levites with him, bearing the ark of the covenant of God; and they set down the ark of God; and Abiathar went up, until all the people finished passing out of the city.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 15:25 The king said to Zadok, "Carry back the ark of God into the city. If I find favor in the eyes of Yahweh, he will bring me again, and show me both it, and his habitation;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 15:27 The king said also to Zadok the priest, "Aren't you a seer? Return into the city in peace, and your two sons with you, Ahimaaz your son, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 15:29 Zadok therefore and Abiathar carried the ark of God again to Jerusalem; and they stayed there.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 15:35 Don't you have Zadok and Abiathar the priests there with you? Therefore it shall be, that whatever thing you shall hear out of the king's house, you shall tell it to Zadok and Abiathar the priests.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 15:36 Behold, they have there with them their two sons, Ahimaaz, Zadok's son, and Jonathan, Abiathar's son; and by them you shall send to me everything that you shall hear."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 17:15 Then Hushai said to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, "Ahithophel counseled Absalom and the elders of Israel that way; and I have counseled this way.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 18:19 Then Ahimaaz the son of Zadok said, "Let me now run, and bear the king news, how that Yahweh has avenged him of his enemies." will not prevail against it.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 18:22 Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok yet again to Joab, "But come what may, please let me also run after the Cushite." Joab said, "Why do you want to run, my son, seeing that you will have no reward for the news?"
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 18:27 The watchman said, "I think the running of the first one is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok." The king said, "He is a good man, and comes with good news."
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 19:11 King David sent to Zadok and to Abiathar the priests, saying, "Speak to the elders of Judah, saying,'Why are you the last to bring the king back to his house? Since the speech of all Israel has come to the king, to return him to his house.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Samuel 20:25 and Sheva was scribe; and Zadok and Abiathar were priests;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 1:8 But Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan the prophet, and Shimei, and Rei, and the mighty men who belonged to David, were not with Adonijah.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 1:26 But he hasn't called me, even me your servant, and Zadok the priest, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and your servant Solomon.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 1:32 King David said, "Call to me Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada." They came before the king.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 1:34 Let Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet anoint him there king over Israel. Blow the trumpet, and say,'Long live king Solomon!'
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 1:38 So Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites, went down, and caused Solomon to ride on king David's mule, and brought him to Gihon.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 1:39 Zadok the priest took the horn of oil out of the Tent, and anointed Solomon. They blew the trumpet; and all the people said, "Long live king Solomon!"
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 1:44 The king has sent with him Zadok the priest, Nathan the prophet, Benaiah the son of Jehoiada, and the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and they have caused him to ride on the king's mule.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 1:45 Zadok the priest and Nathan the prophet have anointed him king in Gihon. They have come up from there rejoicing, so that the city rang again. This is the noise that you have heard.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 2:35 The king put Benaiah the son of Jehoiada in his room over the army; and Zadok the priest did the king put in the room of Abiathar.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 4:2 These were the princes whom he had: Azariah the son of Zadok, the priest;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Kings 4:4 and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the army; and Zadok and Abiathar were priests;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Kings 15:33 He was twenty-five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: and his mother's name was Jerusha the daughter of Zadok.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 6:8 and Ahitub became the father of Zadok, and Zadok became the father of Ahimaaz,
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 6:12 and Ahitub became the father of Zadok, and Zadok became the father of Shallum,
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 6:53 Zadok his son, Ahimaaz his son.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 9:11 and Azariah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, the ruler of the house of God;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 12:28 and Zadok, a young man mighty of valor, and of his father's house twenty-two captains.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 15:11 David called for Zadok and Abiathar the priests, and for the Levites, for Uriel, Asaiah, and Joel, Shemaiah, and Eliel, and Amminadab,
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 16:39 and Zadok the priest, and his brothers the priests, before the tabernacle of Yahweh in the high place that was at Gibeon,
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 18:16 and Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Abimelech the son of Abiathar, were priests; and Shavsha was scribe;
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 24:3 David with Zadok of the sons of Eleazar, and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, divided them according to their ordering in their service.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 24:6 Shemaiah the son of Nethanel the scribe, who was of the Levites, wrote them in the presence of the king, and the princes, and Zadok the priest, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, and the heads of the fathers' houses of the priests and of the Levites; one fathers' house being taken for Eleazar, and one taken for Ithamar.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 24:31 These likewise cast lots even as their brothers the sons of Aaron in the presence of David the king, and Zadok, and Ahimelech, and the heads of the fathers' houses of the priests and of the Levites; the fathers' houses of the chief even as those of his younger brother.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 27:17 of Levi, Hashabiah the son of Kemuel: of Aaron, Zadok:
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

1 Chronicles 29:22 and ate and drink before Yahweh on that day with great gladness. They made Solomon the son of David king the second time, and anointed him to Yahweh to be prince, and Zadok to be priest.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 27:1 Jotham was twenty-five years old when he began to reign; and he reigned sixteen years in Jerusalem: and his mother's name was Jerushah the daughter of Zadok.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

2 Chronicles 31:10 Azariah the chief priest, of the house of Zadok, answered him and said, Since the people began to bring the offerings into the house of Yahweh, we have eaten and had enough, and have left plenty: for Yahweh has blessed his people; and that which is left is this great store.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Ezra 7:2 the son of Shallum, the son of Zadok, the son of Ahitub,
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Nehemiah 3:4 Next to them repaired Meremoth the son of Uriah, the son of Hakkoz. Next to them repaired Meshullam the son of Berechiah, the son of Meshezabel. Next to them repaired Zadok the son of Baana.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Nehemiah 3:29 After them repaired Zadok the son of Immer over against his own house. After him repaired Shemaiah the son of Shecaniah, the keeper of the east gate.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Nehemiah 10:21 Meshezabel, Zadok, Jaddua,
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Nehemiah 11:11 Seraiah the son of Hilkiah, the son of Meshullam, the son of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub, the ruler of the house of God,
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Ezekiel 40:46 and the chamber whose prospect is toward the north is for the priests, the keepers of the duty of the altar: these are the sons of Zadok, who from among the sons of Levi come near to Yahweh to minister to him.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Ezekiel 43:19 You shall give to the priests the Levites who are of the seed of Zadok, who are near to me, to minister to me, says the Lord Yahweh, a young bull for a sin offering.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Ezekiel 44:15 But the priests the Levites, the sons of Zadok, who performed the duty of my sanctuary when the children of Israel went astray from me, they shall come near to me to minister to me; and they shall stand before me to offer to me the fat and the blood, says the Lord Yahweh:
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Ezekiel 48:11 It shall be for the priests who are sanctified of the sons of Zadok, who have kept my instruction, who didn't go astray when the children of Israel went astray, as the Levites went astray.
(WEB KJV JPS ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS RSV NIV)

Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary

Zadok

just; justified

Smith's Bible Dictionary

Zadok

(just).

Son of Ahitub and one of the two chief priests in the time of David, Abiathar being the other. Zadok was of the house of Eleazar the son of Aaron, (1 Chronicles 24:3) and eleventh in descent from Aaron. (1 Chronicles 12:28) He joined David at Hebron after Saul's death, (1 Chronicles 12:28) and thenceforth his fidelity to David was inviolable. When Absalom revolted and David fled from Jerusalem, Zadok and all the Levites bearing the ark accompanied him. When Absalom was dead, Zadok and Abiathar were the persons who persuaded the elders of Judah to invite David to return. (2 Samuel 19:11) When Adonijah, in David's old age, set up for king, and had persuaded Joab, and Abiathar the priest, to join his party, Zadok was unmoved, and was employed by David to anoint Solomon to be king in his room. (1 Kings 1:34) For this fidelity he was rewarded by Solomon who "thrust out Abiathar from being priest unto the Lord," and "put in Zadok the priest" in his room. (1 Kings 2:27,35) From this time, however, we hear little of him. Zadok and Abiathar were of nearly equal dignity. (2 Samuel 15:35,36; 19:11) The duties of the office were divided, Zadok ministered before the tabernacle at Gibeon, (1 Chronicles 16:39) Abiathar had the care of the ark at Jerusalem.
According to the genealogy of the high priests in (1 Chronicles 6:12) there was a second Zadok, son of a second Ahitub son of Amariah, about the time of King Ahaziah. It is probable that no such person as this second Zadok ever existed, but that the insertion of the two names is a copyist's error.
Father of Jerushah, the wife of King Uzziah and mother of King Jotham. (2 Kings 15:33; 2 Chronicles 27:1)
Son of Baana, and 5. Son of Immer, persons who repaired a portion of the wall in Nehemiah's time. (Nehemiah 3:4,29)
In (1 Chronicles 9:11) and Nehe 11:11 Mention is made, in a genealogy, of Zadok, the son of Meraioth, the son of Ahitub; but it can hardly be doubtful that Meraioth is inserted by the error of a copyist, and that Zadok the son of Ahitub is meant.

ATS Bible Dictionary

Zadok

The son of Ahitub, and father of Ahimaaz, high-priest of the Jews in the reigns of Saul and David. See ABIATHAR.

Others of this name are mentioned in 2 Kings 15:33 1 Chronicles 6:12 Ezra 7:2 Nehemiah 3:4 13:13.

Easton's Bible Dictionary

Righteous.

(1.) A son of Ahitub, of the line of Eleazer (2 Samuel 8:17; 1 Chronicles 24:3), high priest in the time of David (2 Samuel 20:25) and Solomon (1 Kings 4:4). He is first mentioned as coming to take part with David at Hebron (1 Chronicles 12:27, 28). He was probably on this account made ruler over the Aaronites (27:17). Zadok and Abiathar acted as high priests on several important occasions (1 Chronicles 15:11; 2 Samuel 15:24-29, 35, 36); but when Adonijah endeavoured to secure the throne, Abiathar went with him, and therefore Solomon "thrust him out from being high priest," and Zadok, remaining faithful to David, became high priest alone (1 Kings 2:27, 35; 1 Chronicles 29:22). In him the line of Phinehas resumed the dignity, and held it till the fall of Jerusalem. He was succeeded in his sacred office by his son Azariah (1 Kings 4:2; Comp. 1 Chronicles 6:3-9).

(2.) The father of Jerusha, who was wife of King Uzziah, and mother of King Jotham (2 Kings 15:33; 2 Chronicles 27:1).

(3.) "The scribe" set over the treasuries of the temple by Nehemiah along with a priest and a Levite (Nehemiah 13:13).

(4.) The sons of Baana, one of those who assisted in rebuilding the wall of Jerusalem (Nehemiah 3:4).

International Standard Bible Encyclopedia

ZADOK

za'-dok (tsadowq, once tsadhoq (1 Kings 1:26), similar to tsaddiq, and tsadduq, post-Biblical, meaning justus, "righteous"; Septuagint Sadok): Cheyne in Encyclopedia Biblica suggests that Zadok was a modification of a Gentilic name, that of the Zidkites the Negeb, who probably derived their appellation from the root ts-d-q, a secondary title of the god they worshipped. At the same time Cheyne admits that cultivated Israelites may have interpreted Zadok as meaning "just," "righteous"-a much more credible supposition.

(1) Zadok the son of Ahitub (2 Samuel 8:17)-not of Ahitub the ancestor of Ahimelech (1 Samuel 14:3) and of Abiathar, his son (1 Samuel 22:20).

(2) Zadok father of Jerusha, mother of Jotham, and wife of Uzziah king of Judah (2 Kings 15:33 2 Chronicles 27:1).

(3) Zadok the son of Ahitub and father of Shallum (1 Chronicles 6:12) or Meshullam (Nehemiah 11:11), and the ancestor of Ezra (7:1, 2).

(4) Zadok the son of Baana, a wall-builder in the time of Nehemiah (Nehemiah 3:4), and probably one of the signatories to the covenant made by the princes, priests and Levites of Israel (Nehemiah 10:21)-in both places his name occurring immediately after that of Meshezabel.

(5) Zodak the son of Immer, and, like the preceding, a repairer of the wall (Nehemiah 3:29).

(6) Zodak a scribe in the time of Nehemiah (13:13). Whether this was the same as either of the two preceding cannot be determined.

The first of these filled a larger place in Old Testament history than either of the others; and to him accordingly the following paragraphs refer. They set forth the accounts given of him first in Samuel and Kings and next in Chronicles; after which they state and criticize the critical theory concerning him.

1. In Samuel and Kings:

(1) In these older sources Zodak first appears in David's reign, after Israel and Judah were united under him, as joint occupant with Ahimelech of the high priest's office and his name taking precedence of that of his colleague Ahimelech, the son of Abiathar (2 Samuel 8:17).

(2) On David's flight from Jerusalem, occasioned by Absalom's rebellion, Zadok and Abiathar (now the joint high priest), accompanied by the whole body of the Levites, followed the king across the Kidron, bearing the Ark of the Covenant, which, however, they were directed to carry back to the city, taking with them their two sons, Ahimaaz the son of Zadok, and Jonathan the son of Abiathar, to act as spies upon the conduct of the rebels and send information to the king (2 Samuel 15:24-36; 2 Samuel 17:15, 17-21).

(3) On the death of Absalom, Zodak and Abiathar were employed by David as intermediaries between himself and the elders of Judah to consult about his return to the city, which through their assistance was successfully brought about (2 Samuel 19:11).

(4) When, toward the end of David's life, Adonijah the son of Haggith, and therefore the crown prince, put forward his claim to the throne of all Israel, taking counsel with Joab and Abiathar, Zodak along with Benaiah, the son of Jehoiada, and Nathan the prophet, espoused the cause of Solomon, Bathsheba's son, and acting on David's instructions anointed him as king in Gihon (1 Kings 1:8, 26, 32-45).

(5) Accordingly, when Solomon found himself established on the throne, he put Zodak in the room of Abiathar, i.e. made him sole high priest, while retaining Abiathar in the priestly office, though deposed from a position of coordinate authority with Zodak (1 Kings 2:26, 27, 35; 1 Kings 4:4).

2. In Chronicles:

(1) As in the earlier sources so in these, Zodak's father was Ahitub and his son Ahimaaz-the information being added that they were all descendants from Aaron through Eleazar (1 Chronicles 6:50-53).

(2) Among the warriors who came to Hebron to turn the kingdom of Saul to David was "Zodak, a young man mighty of valor," who was followed by 22 captains of his father house (1 Chronicles 12:26-28).

(3) Along with Abiathar and the Levites, Zodak was directed by David to bring up the Ark from the house of Obed-edom to the tent pitched for it on Mt. Zion, when Zodak was appointed to officiate at Gibeon, while Abiathar, it is presumed, ministered in Jerusalem (1 Chronicles 15:11; 1 Chronicles 16:39).

(4) Toward the end of David's reign Zodak and Abimelech the son of Abiathar acted as priests, Zodak as before having precedence (1 Chronicles 18:16).

(5) To them was committed by the aged king the task of arranging the priests and Levites according to their several duties, it being intimated by the narrator that Zodak was of the sons of Eleazar, and Ahimelech (in 1 Chronicles 18:16, named Abiathar; see above) of the sons of Ithamar (1 Chronicles 24:3). In 1 Chronicles 24:6 Ahimelech is called the son of Abiathar, while in 18:16, Abiathar's son is Abimelech-which suggests that the letters "b" and "h" were interchangeable in the name of Abiathar's sons.

(6) When Solomon was anointed king, Zodak was anointed (sole) priest (1 Chronicles 29:22).

Obviously a large measure of agreement exists between the two narratives. Yet some points demand explanation.

3. Harmony of the Accounts:

(1) The seeming discrepancy between the statements in the earlier sources, that Zodak's colleague in the high priest's office is first named Ahimelech (2 Samuel 8:17) and afterward Abiathar (2 Samuel 15:24), should occasion little perplexity. Either Ahimelech and Abiathar were one and the same person-not an unlikely supposition (see above); or, what is more probable, Abiathar was Ahimelech's son and had succeeded to his father's office.

(2) Zodak's appearance as a young soldier among the captains who brought David to Jerusalem (assuming that Zodak the soldier was Zodak the priest, which is not absolutely certain) need create no difficulty, if Zodak was not then of age to succeed his father in the priestly office. The earlier sources do not make Zodak an acting priest till after David's accession to the throne of all Israel.

(3) Neither should it prove an insoluble problem to explain how, soon after David's accession to the throne of Judah and Israel, Zodak should be found engaged along with Abiathar in bringing up the Ark to Mt. Zion, as by this time Zodak had obviously entered on the high-priestly office, either in succession to or as colleague of his father.

(4) That Zodak was left to officiate at Gibeon where the tabernacle was, while Abiathar was selected to exercise office in the capital, in no way conflicts with the earlier account and seems reasonable as a distribution of official duties. Why Zodak was sent to Gibeon, where the tabernacle was, and not kept at Jerusalem whither the Ark had been brought, he being always named before Abiathar and probably looked upon as the principal high priest, may have had its reason either in the fact that the king regarded Gibeon as the central sanctuary for national worship, the tabernacle being there (Solomon obviously did; see 2 Chronicles 1:3), and therefore as the proper place for the principal high priest; or in the fact that Zodak was younger than Abiathar and therefore less fitted than his older colleague to be at court, as an adviser to the king.

(5) That toward the end of David's reign, not Abiathar, but his son Ahimelech (or Abimelech), should be introduced as joint high priest with Zodak will not be surprising, if Abiathar was by this time an old man, as his father was at the beginning of David's reign. That grandfather and grandson should have the same name is as likely to have been common then as it is today.

(6) That Zodak should have been appointed sole high priest on Solomon's accession (1 Chronicles 29:22) is not inconsistent with the statement (1 Kings 4:4) that under Solomon Zodak and Abiathar were priests. Abiathar might still be recognized as a priest or even as a high priest, though no longer acting as such. The act of deposition may have affected his son Ahimelech as well, and if both father and son were degraded, perhaps this was only to the extent of excluding them from the chief dignity of high priest.

4. The Higher Critical Theory:

The higher criticism holds:

(1) that the Zadok of David's reign was not really an Aaronite descended from Eleazar through Ahitub, who was not Zadok's father but Ahimelech's (Gray in EB, article "Ahitub"), but an adventurer, a soldier of fortune who had climbed up into the priest's office, though by what means is not known (Wellhausen, GJ, 145);

(2) that up till Zadok's appearance the priesthood had been in Ithamar's line, though, according to the insertion by a later writer in the text of 1 Samuel 2 (see 2:27;), in Eli's day it was predicted that it should pass from Eli's house and be given to another;

(3) that when Abiathar or Ahimelech or both were deposed and Zadok instituted sole high priest by Solomon, this fictitious prophecy was fulfilled-though in reality there was neither prophecy nor fulfillment;

(4) that during the exile Ezekiel in his sketch of the vision-temple represented the Zadokites as the only legitimate priests, while the others of the line of A were degraded to be Levites;

(5) that in order to establish the legitimacy of Zadok the writer of the Priestly Code (P) invented his Aaronic descent through Eleazar and inserted the fictitious prophecy in 1 Samuel.

5. Criticism of This Theory:

(1) This theory proceeds upon the assumption, not that the Chronicler was a post-exilic writer (which is admitted), but that he deliberately and purposely idealized and to that extent falsified the past history of his people by ascribing to them a faithful adherence to the Levitical institutions of the Priestly Code, which, according to this theory, were not then in existence-in other words by representing the religious institutions and observances of his own age as having existed in the nation from the beginning. Were this theory established by well-accredited facts, it would doubtless require to be accepted; but the chief, if not the only, support it has is derived from a previous reconstruction of the sacred text in accordance with theory it is called on to uphold.

(2) That the father of Zadok was not Ahitub, a priest of the line of Eleazar, is arrived at by declaring the text in 2 Samuel 8:17 to have been intentionally corrupted, presumably by a late redactor, the original form of the verse having been, according to criticism (Wellhausen, TBS, 176): "Abiathar the son of Ahimelech, the son of Ahitub, and Zadok were priests." But if this was the original form of the words it is not easy to explain why they should have been so completely turned round as to say the opposite, namely, that Ahimelech was the son of Abiathar, and that Ahitub was the father of Zadok., when in reality he was the father of Ahimelech. If, as Cornill admits (Einl, 116), the Chronicler worked "with good, old historical material," it is not credible that he made it say the opposite of what it meant.

(3) If Zadok was not originally a priest, but only a military adventurer, why should David have made him a priest at all? Wellhausen says (GI, 20) that when David came to the throne he "attached importance to having as priests the heirs of the old family who had served the Ark at Shiloh." But if so, he had Abiathar of the line of Ithamar at hand, and did not need to go to the army for a priest. If, however, it be urged that in making Zadok a priest he gave him an inferior rank to Abiathar, and sent him to Gibeon where the tabernacle was, why should both sources so persistently place Zadok before Abiathar?

(4) If Zadok was originally a soldier not connected with the priesthood, and only became a priest after David came to Jerusalem, why should the earlier source have omitted to record this, when no reason existed, so far as one can discover, why it should have been left out? And why should the priestly disposed Chronicler have incorporated this in his narrative when all his inclinations should have moved him to omit it, more especially when he was intending to invent (according to the critical theory) for the young warrior an Aaronite descent?

(5) That the prediction of the fall of Eli's house (1 Samuel 2:27-36) was inserted by a late writer to justify its supersession by the line of Zadok has no foundation except the presupposition that prediction is impossible, which fair-minded criticism cannot admit. The occurrence of the word "anointed" it is contended, presupposes the monarchy. This, however, it only predicts; and at the most, as Driver sees (Introduction, 164), cannot prove the fictitious character of the prophecy, but merely that it has been "recast by the narrator and colored by the associations with which he himself is familiar"; and even this is entirely hypothetical.

(6) Ezekiel's reference to Zadok's descendants as the only legitimate priests in the vision-temple does not prove that Zadok himself was a soldier who climbed up into the priesthood. Even if the critical interpretation of the vision-temple were correct, it in no way affects the personality of Zadok, and certainly does not disprove his original connection with the priesthood or his descent from Eleazar.

T. Whitelaw

Greek

4524. Sadok -- Zadok, an Israelite
... Zadok, an Israelite. Part of Speech: Proper Noun, Indeclinable Transliteration:
Sadok Phonetic Spelling: (sad-oke') Short Definition: Zadok Definition: Zadok ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/4524.htm - 6k

885. Achim -- Achim, an ancestor of Christ
... of Speech: Proper Noun, Indeclinable Transliteration: Achim Phonetic Spelling:
(akh-ime') Short Definition: Achim Definition: Achim, son of Zadok and father of ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/885.htm - 6k

107. Azor -- Azor, an Israelite
... Noun, Indeclinable Transliteration: Azor Phonetic Spelling: (ad-zore') Short Definition:
Azor Definition: Azor, son of Eliakim and father of Zadok, an ancestor ...
//strongsnumbers.com/greek2/107.htm - 6k

Strong's Hebrew

6659. Tsadoq -- the name of several Israelites
... the name of several Israelites. Transliteration: Tsadoq Phonetic Spelling:
(tsaw-doke') Short Definition: Zadok. ... NASB Word Usage Zadok (52), Zadok's (1). Zadok. ...
/hebrew/6659.htm - 6k

Library

How Solomon Became the Ruler of Israel
... But Zadok the priest and Benaiah and Nathan the prophet, as well as Shimei
and Rei and David's famous warriors, were not on his side. ...
/.../sherman/the childrens bible/how solomon became the ruler.htm

David Appointing Solomon
... And king David said, Call me Zadok the priest, and Nathan the prophet, and Benaiah
the son of Jehoiada. And they came before the king.33. ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture f/david appointing solomon.htm

Absalom the Ungrateful Son
... And Zadok and Abiathar came carrying the ark of Jehovah and set it down
until all the people had passed. Then David said to Zadok ...
/.../sherman/the childrens bible/absalom the ungrateful son.htm

The Wail of a Broken Heart
... Then said Ahimaaz the son of Zadok, Let me now run, and bear the king tidings, how
that the Lord hath avenged him of his enemies.20. And Joab said unto him. ...
/.../maclaren/expositions of holy scripture f/the wail of a broken.htm

How Solomon, when He had Received the Kingdom Took Off His
... So it was transferred to the family of Phineas, to Zadok. ... The king also made Zadok
to be alone the high priest, in the room of Abiathar, whom he had removed. ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 1 how solomon when.htm

Relation of the Pharisees to the Sadducees and Essenes, and to the ...
... Let us try to cast some fresh light upon both"only premising that the common
derivations of their name, whether from the high-priest Zadok, or from a Rabbi ...
/.../edersheim/sketches of jewish social life/chapter 15 relation of the.htm

That David Made Great Preparations for the House of God; and That ...
... Now Adonijah had for his assistants Joab the captain of the army, and Abiathar the
high priest; and the only persons that opposed him were Zadok the high priest ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 14 that david made.htm

Concerning the Insurrection of Absalom against David and ...
... But he persuaded Abiathar and Zadok, the high priests, who had determined to go
away with him, as also all the Levites, who were with the ark, to stay behind ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 9 concerning the insurrection.htm

How, when Absalom was Beaten, He was Caught in a Tree by his Hair ...
... 4. But now Ahimaaz, the son of Zadok the high priest, went to Joab, and desired
he would permit him to go and tell David of this victory, and to bring him the ...
/.../josephus/the antiquities of the jews/chapter 10 how when absalom.htm

John the Baptist's Person and Preaching.
... Some take their name to means "the party of 'righteousness,'" but more think it
comes from their founder, Zadok, and is a corruption of the word Zadokite. ...
/.../mcgarvey/the four-fold gospel/xvii john the baptists person.htm

Subtopics

Zadok

Zadok: A Man of Valor

Zadok: A Priest

Zadok: A Returned Exile

Zadok: A Treasurer of the Temple

Zadok: Father of Jerusha

Zadok: Performs the Function of a High Priest After Abiathar Was Deposed by Solomon

Zadok: Removes the Ark of the Covenant from Jerusalem at the Time of Absalom's Usurpation

Zadok: Son of Ahitub

Zadok: Son of Baana

Zadok: Son of Meraioth