in the darkness
"Darkness" in Hebrew is "חֹשֶׁךְ" (choshek), often representing chaos, evil, or adversity. The contrast between light and darkness is a recurring theme in Scripture, illustrating the battle between good and evil. In the context of this verse, darkness symbolizes the challenges and trials faced by the faithful. The promise that light will dawn in such darkness offers assurance that God will provide guidance and deliverance, even in the most difficult circumstances.

for the upright
The term "upright" is translated from the Hebrew word "יָשָׁר" (yashar), meaning straight, correct, or just. It describes those who live in accordance with God's laws and principles. In the biblical context, the upright are those who maintain integrity and righteousness, even when faced with moral and ethical challenges. This phrase assures that those who strive to live righteously will experience God's light and favor, reinforcing the idea that moral integrity is rewarded by divine intervention.

for the gracious
"Gracious" comes from the Hebrew word "חָנוּן" (chanun), which implies showing favor, kindness, and mercy. This characteristic is reflective of God's own nature, as He is often described as gracious and merciful. In the biblical narrative, being gracious involves extending kindness and compassion to others, mirroring the grace that God extends to humanity. The verse highlights that those who embody this trait will experience God's light, suggesting a reciprocal relationship between divine grace and human conduct.

compassionate
The word "compassionate" is derived from the Hebrew "רַחוּם" (rachum), which conveys deep empathy and a willingness to alleviate the suffering of others. Compassion is a central theme in the teachings of Jesus and is a hallmark of Christian ethics. In the historical context, compassion was a radical concept, often countercultural in societies that valued power and dominance. This verse underscores the importance of compassion as a divine attribute that believers are called to emulate, promising that such individuals will be blessed with divine light.

and righteous
"Righteous" is translated from the Hebrew "צַדִּיק" (tzaddik), meaning just, lawful, or virtuous. Righteousness in the Bible is not merely about legalistic adherence to rules but encompasses a holistic commitment to justice, mercy, and faithfulness. The righteous are those who align their lives with God's will, seeking to reflect His character in their actions. This phrase assures that those who pursue righteousness will experience God's light, reinforcing the biblical principle that God honors those who honor Him through their lives.

He is gracious . . .--The Authorised Version is right in making this a description of the upright man's character. The construction certainly at first appears strange, since "the upright" is in the plural, while the epithets in this clause resume the singular of Psalm 112:3. This may be best explained by treating the first clause of this verse as a familiar proverbial saying, which the poet introduces, as a quotation, without changing the number to suit his own construction.