if I have regarded
The phrase "if I have regarded" suggests a deep introspection and self-examination by Job. The Hebrew root for "regarded" is "ra'ah," which means to see, look at, or consider. In the context of Job's discourse, this phrase indicates a hypothetical scenario where Job is reflecting on his actions and intentions. He is asserting his innocence by considering whether he has ever given undue reverence or worship to celestial bodies, which would be contrary to the worship of the one true God. This introspection is a testament to Job's commitment to righteousness and his understanding of the first commandment, which prohibits idolatry.

the sun in its radiance
The "sun in its radiance" refers to the sun's brilliance and glory. In ancient times, many cultures worshipped the sun as a deity due to its life-giving properties and its overwhelming presence in the sky. The Hebrew word for "sun" is "shemesh," and "radiance" is derived from "or," meaning light or brightness. Job's mention of the sun's radiance highlights the temptation to idolize such a powerful and visible force. However, Job is emphasizing that he has not succumbed to this temptation, maintaining his devotion to God alone. This reflects the biblical teaching that all creation, including the sun, is a testament to God's power and should not be worshipped in itself.

or at the moon moving in splendor
The phrase "or at the moon moving in splendor" continues the theme of celestial bodies that were often objects of worship in ancient cultures. The Hebrew word for "moon" is "yareach," and "moving in splendor" suggests the moon's majestic and orderly movement across the night sky. The moon's phases and its role in marking time made it a significant object of reverence. Job's reference to the moon's splendor underscores his awareness of the natural world's beauty and order, yet he remains steadfast in his refusal to attribute divine status to it. This reflects a profound understanding of God's sovereignty over creation, as articulated in Genesis, where God is the creator of the sun, moon, and stars, and they serve His purposes.

(26) If I beheld the sun.--It is remarkable that the kind of idolatry repudiated by Job is that only of sun and moon worship. He seems to have been ignorant of the more material and degraded kinds.

Verse 26. - If I beheld the sun when it shined; literally, the light; i.e. the great light, which God made to rule the day (Genesis 1:16). Sun-worship, the least ignoble form of idolatry, was widely spread in the East, and in Egypt, from a very early date. According to the views of some, the religion el' t e Egyptians was little else than a complicated sun-worship from its earliest inception to its very latest phase. "The religious notions of the Egyptians," says Dr. Birch, "were chiefly connected with the worship of the sun, with whom at a later period all the principal deities were connected. As Hag, or Harmachis, he represented the youthful or rising sun; as Ra, the midday; and as Turn. the setting sun. According to Egyptian notions, that god floated in a boat through the sky or celestial ether, and descended to the dark regions of night, or Hades. Many deities attended on his passage or were connected with his worship, and the gods Amen and Khepr, who represented the invisible and self-produced god, were identified with the sun" ('Egypt from the Earliest Times,' Introduction, pp. 9, 10.). Even those who do not go these lengths admit that the solar worship was, at any rate, a very main element in the cult of Egypt (see the author's 'History of Ancient Egypt,' vol. 1. pp. 342-364). In the Babylonian and Assyrian religion the position of the sun-god was leas prominent, but still, as San, or Shamas, he held an important place, and was the main object of religious veneration to a largo body of worshippers ('Ancient Monarchies,' vol. 1. pp. 126-128; vol. 2. pp. 17, 18). In the Vedic system the sun figured as Mitra, and in the Zoroastrian as Mithra, in both holding a high position. Among the Arabians the sun, worshipped as Orotal, is said to have been anciently the only god, though he was accompanied by a female principle named Alilat (Herod., 3:8). Or the moon walking in brightness. The worship of the moon has. in most countries where it has prevailed, been quite secondary and subordinate to that of the sun. In Egypt. while nine gods are more or less identified with the solar luminary, two only, Khons and Thoth, can be said to represent the moon. In the Vedic and Zoroastrian systems the moon, called Soma, or Hems, almost dropped out of the popular religion, at any rate as a moon-god. In the Arabiun, Alilat, a goddess, probably represented the moon, as did Ashtoreth, a goddess, in the Pheonician. In Assyria, however, and in Babylonia, moon-worship held a higher position, Sin, the moon-god, taking precedence over Shamas, the sun-god, and being a very much more important personage (see 'Ancient Monarchies,' vol. 1. pp. 123-126; vol. 2. pp. 16, 17). Thus both moon-worship and sun-worship were prevalent among all, or almost all, Job's neighbours.

Parallel Commentaries ...


if
אִם־ (’im-)
Conjunction
Strong's 518: Lo!, whether?, if, although, Oh that!, when, not

I have regarded
אֶרְאֶ֣ה (’er·’eh)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - first person common singular
Strong's 7200: To see

the sun
א֖וֹר (’ō·wr)
Noun - common singular
Strong's 216: Illumination, luminary

in its radiance
יָהֵ֑ל (yā·hêl)
Verb - Hifil - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 1984: To shine

or at the moon
וְ֝יָרֵ֗חַ (wə·yā·rê·aḥ)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 3394: The moon

moving
הֹלֵֽךְ׃ (hō·lêḵ)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine singular
Strong's 1980: To go, come, walk

in splendor,
יָקָ֥ר (yā·qār)
Adjective - masculine singular
Strong's 3368: Precious, rare, splendid, weighty


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OT Poetry: Job 31:26 If I have seen the sun when (Jb)