Job 3:20
New International Version
“Why is light given to those in misery, and life to the bitter of soul,

New Living Translation
“Oh, why give light to those in misery, and life to those who are bitter?

English Standard Version
“Why is light given to him who is in misery, and life to the bitter in soul,

Berean Standard Bible
Why is light given to the miserable, and life to the bitter of soul,

King James Bible
Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life unto the bitter in soul;

New King James Version
“Why is light given to him who is in misery, And life to the bitter of soul,

New American Standard Bible
“Why is light given to one burdened with grief, And life to the bitter of soul,

NASB 1995
“Why is light given to him who suffers, And life to the bitter of soul,

NASB 1977
“Why is light given to him who suffers, And life to the bitter of soul;

Legacy Standard Bible
“Why is light given to him who is troubled, And life to the bitter of soul,

Amplified Bible
“Why is the light given to him who is in misery, And life to the bitter in soul,

Christian Standard Bible
Why is light given to one burdened with grief, and life to those whose existence is bitter,

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Why is light given to one burdened with grief, and life to those whose existence is bitter,

American Standard Version
Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, And life unto the bitter in soul;

Contemporary English Version
Why does God let me live when life is miserable and so bitter?

English Revised Version
Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery, and life unto the bitter in soul;

GOD'S WORD® Translation
"Why give light to one in misery and life to those who find it so bitter,

Good News Translation
Why let people go on living in misery? Why give light to those in grief

International Standard Version
"Why does God give light to the sufferer or life to the bitter person:

Majority Standard Bible
Why is light given to the miserable, and life to the bitter of soul,

NET Bible
"Why does God give light to one who is in misery, and life to those whose soul is bitter,

New Heart English Bible
"Why is light given to him who is in misery, life to the bitter in soul,

Webster's Bible Translation
Why is light given to him that is in misery, and life to the bitter in soul;

World English Bible
“Why is light given to him who is in misery, life to the bitter in soul,
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Why does He give light to the miserable, and life to the bitter soul?

Young's Literal Translation
Why giveth He to the miserable light, and life to the bitter soul?

Smith's Literal Translation
Wherefore shall light be given to him toiling, and life to the bitter of soul?
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Why is light given to him that is in misery, and life to them that are in bitterness of soul?

Catholic Public Domain Version
Why is light given to the miserable, and life to those who are in bitterness of soul,

New American Bible
Why is light given to the toilers, life to the bitter in spirit?

New Revised Standard Version
“Why is light given to one in misery, and life to the bitter in soul,
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Why is light given to him who is in trouble, and life to the bitter in soul,

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
Why is light given to sufferers and life to the bitter of soul
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Wherewith is light given to him that is in misery, And life unto the bitter in soul--

Brenton Septuagint Translation
For why is light given to those who are in bitterness, and life to those souls which are in griefs?

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Job Laments His Birth
19Both small and great are there, and the slave is freed from his master. 20Why is light given to the miserable, and life to the bitter of soul, 21who long for death that does not come, and search for it like hidden treasure,…

Cross References
Jeremiah 20:14-18
Cursed be the day I was born! May the day my mother bore me never be blessed. / Cursed be the man who brought my father the news, saying, “A son is born to you,” bringing him great joy. / May that man be like the cities that the LORD overthrew without compassion. May he hear an outcry in the morning and a battle cry at noon, ...

Ecclesiastes 4:1-3
Again I looked, and I considered all the oppression taking place under the sun. I saw the tears of the oppressed, and they had no comforter; the power lay in the hands of their oppressors, and there was no comforter. / So I admired the dead, who had already died, above the living, who are still alive. / But better than both is he who has not yet existed, who has not seen the evil that is done under the sun.

Lamentations 3:1-9
I am the man who has seen affliction under the rod of God’s wrath. / He has driven me away and made me walk in darkness instead of light. / Indeed, He keeps turning His hand against me all day long. ...

Psalm 88:3-6
For my soul is full of troubles, and my life draws near to Sheol. / I am counted among those descending to the Pit. I am like a man without strength. / I am forsaken among the dead, like the slain who lie in the grave, whom You remember no more, who are cut off from Your care. ...

Psalm 13:1-2
For the choirmaster. A Psalm of David. How long, O LORD? Will You forget me forever? How long will You hide Your face from me? / How long must I wrestle in my soul, with sorrow in my heart each day? How long will my enemy dominate me?

Psalm 22:1-2
For the choirmaster. To the tune of “The Doe of the Dawn.” A Psalm of David. My God, my God, why have You forsaken me? Why are You so far from saving me, so far from my words of groaning? / I cry out by day, O my God, but You do not answer, and by night, but I have no rest.

Psalm 42:9-11
I say to God my Rock, “Why have You forgotten me? Why must I walk in sorrow because of the enemy’s oppression?” / Like the crushing of my bones, my enemies taunt me, while they say to me all day long, “Where is your God?” / Why are you downcast, O my soul? Why the unease within me? Put your hope in God, for I will yet praise Him, my Savior and my God.

Psalm 77:2-4
In the day of trouble I sought the Lord; through the night my outstretched hands did not grow weary; my soul refused to be comforted. / I remembered You, O God, and I groaned; I mused and my spirit grew faint. Selah / You have kept my eyes from closing; I am too troubled to speak.

Isaiah 38:10-14
I said, “In the prime of my life I must go through the gates of Sheol and be deprived of the remainder of my years.” / I said, “I will never again see the LORD, even the LORD, in the land of the living; I will no longer look on mankind with those who dwell in this world. / My dwelling has been picked up and removed from me like a shepherd’s tent. I have rolled up my life like a weaver; He cuts me off from the loom; from day until night You make an end of me. ...

2 Corinthians 1:8-9
We do not want you to be unaware, brothers, of the hardships we encountered in the province of Asia. We were under a burden far beyond our ability to endure, so that we despaired even of life. / Indeed, we felt we were under the sentence of death, in order that we would not trust in ourselves, but in God, who raises the dead.

2 Corinthians 4:8-10
We are hard pressed on all sides, but not crushed; perplexed, but not in despair; / persecuted, but not forsaken; struck down, but not destroyed. / We always carry around in our body the death of Jesus, so that the life of Jesus may also be revealed in our body.

Romans 8:22-23
We know that the whole creation has been groaning together in the pains of childbirth until the present time. / Not only that, but we ourselves, who have the firstfruits of the Spirit, groan inwardly as we wait eagerly for our adoption as sons, the redemption of our bodies.

Romans 7:24
What a wretched man I am! Who will rescue me from this body of death?

Matthew 26:38-39
Then He said to them, “My soul is consumed with sorrow to the point of death. Stay here and keep watch with Me.” / Going a little farther, He fell facedown and prayed, “My Father, if it is possible, let this cup pass from Me. Yet not as I will, but as You will.”

Mark 14:33-36
He took with Him Peter, James, and John, and began to be deeply troubled and distressed. / Then He said to them, “My soul is consumed with sorrow to the point of death. Stay here and keep watch.” / Going a little farther, He fell to the ground and prayed that, if it were possible, the hour would pass from Him. ...


Treasury of Scripture

Why is light given to him that is in misery, and life to the bitter in soul;

Wherefore.

Job 6:9
Even that it would please God to destroy me; that he would let loose his hand, and cut me off!

Job 7:15,16
So that my soul chooseth strangling, and death rather than my life…

Jeremiah 20:18
Wherefore came I forth out of the womb to see labour and sorrow, that my days should be consumed with shame?

light.

Job 3:16
Or as an hidden untimely birth I had not been; as infants which never saw light.

Job 33:28,30
He will deliver his soul from going into the pit, and his life shall see the light…

the bitter.

Job 7:15,16
So that my soul chooseth strangling, and death rather than my life…

1 Samuel 1:10
And she was in bitterness of soul, and prayed unto the LORD, and wept sore.

2 Kings 4:27
And when she came to the man of God to the hill, she caught him by the feet: but Gehazi came near to thrust her away. And the man of God said, Let her alone; for her soul is vexed within her: and the LORD hath hid it from me, and hath not told me.

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Bitter Light Miserable Misery Soul Suffers Trouble Wherefore Wherewith
Job 3
1. Job curses the day and services of his birth.
13. The ease of death.
20. He complains of life, because of his anguish.














Why is light given
The word "light" in Hebrew is "אוֹר" (or), which often symbolizes life, understanding, or divine presence. In the context of Job's lament, "light" represents the gift of life itself. Job is questioning the purpose of life when it is filled with suffering. This reflects a deep theological inquiry into the nature of God's providence and the reason for human suffering. Historically, light has been a symbol of hope and divine favor, yet Job feels its presence is paradoxical in his misery.

to the miserable
The Hebrew word for "miserable" is "עָמֵל" (amel), which can also mean laborious or toiling. This term captures the essence of human struggle and the burdens of life. Job's use of this word underscores his perception of life as a relentless toil without reward. In the broader scriptural context, it echoes the curse of labor from Genesis, where toil is a consequence of the Fall, suggesting that suffering is an intrinsic part of the human condition.

and life
The Hebrew word for "life" is "חַיִּים" (chayyim), which is often used to denote not just physical existence but a state of being that encompasses joy, purpose, and vitality. Job's lament questions the value of life when it is devoid of these qualities. This reflects a common biblical theme where life is a precious gift from God, yet Job's suffering leads him to question its worth when stripped of peace and happiness.

to the bitter of soul
The phrase "bitter of soul" in Hebrew is "מַר נֶפֶשׁ" (mar nephesh). "Mar" means bitter, and "nephesh" refers to the soul or life force. This phrase captures the depth of Job's anguish, indicating a profound internal suffering that affects his very essence. In the biblical narrative, bitterness of soul is often associated with deep grief or distress, as seen in the accounts of Hannah and Naomi. Job's use of this phrase highlights the intensity of his emotional and spiritual turmoil, questioning why life is sustained in such a state of despair.

(20) Wherefore is light given.--Comp. the connection between life and light in Psalm 36:9 and John 1:4.

Verse 20. - Wherefore is light given to him that is in misery? Why, Job asks, is the miserable man forced to continue on the earth and see the light to-day? Why is he not sent down at once to the darkness of the grave? Surely this would have been better. Man often speaks as if he were wiser than his Maker, and could have much improved the system of the universe, if he had had the arranging of it; but he scarcely means what he says commonly. Such talk is, however, foolish, as is all captious questioning concerning the ways of God. The proper answer to all such questioning is well given by Zophar in Job 11:7, 8, "Canst thou by searching find out God? canst thou find out the Almighty unto perfection? It is as high as heaven; what canst thou do? deeper than hell (Sheol); what canst thou know?" And life unto the bitter in soul (see the comment on ver. 11, ad fin.).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Why
לָ֤מָּה (lām·māh)
Interrogative
Strong's 4100: What?, what!, indefinitely what

is light
א֑וֹר (’ō·wr)
Noun - common singular
Strong's 216: Illumination, luminary

given
יִתֵּ֣ן (yit·tên)
Verb - Qal - Imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 5414: To give, put, set

to the miserable,
לְעָמֵ֣ל (lə·‘ā·mêl)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 6001: Toiling, a laborer, sorrowful

and life
וְ֝חַיִּ֗ים (wə·ḥay·yîm)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 2416: Alive, raw, fresh, strong, life

to the bitter
לְמָ֣רֵי (lə·mā·rê)
Preposition-l | Adjective - masculine plural construct
Strong's 4751: Bitter, bitterness, bitterly

of soul,
נָֽפֶשׁ׃ (nā·p̄eš)
Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 5315: A soul, living being, life, self, person, desire, passion, appetite, emotion


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OT Poetry: Job 3:20 Why is light given to him who (Jb)
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