Jeremiah 4:23
New International Version
I looked at the earth, and it was formless and empty; and at the heavens, and their light was gone.

New Living Translation
I looked at the earth, and it was empty and formless. I looked at the heavens, and there was no light.

English Standard Version
I looked on the earth, and behold, it was without form and void; and to the heavens, and they had no light.

Berean Standard Bible
I looked at the earth, and it was formless and void; I looked to the heavens, and they had no light.

King James Bible
I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was without form, and void; and the heavens, and they had no light.

New King James Version
I beheld the earth, and indeed it was without form, and void; And the heavens, they had no light.

New American Standard Bible
I looked at the earth, and behold, it was a formless and desolate emptiness; And to the heavens, and they had no light.

NASB 1995
I looked on the earth, and behold, it was formless and void; And to the heavens, and they had no light.

NASB 1977
I looked on the earth, and behold, it was formless and void; And to the heavens, and they had no light.

Legacy Standard Bible
I saw on the earth, and behold, it was formless and void; And to the heavens, and they had no light.

Amplified Bible
I looked at the earth [in my vision], and behold, it was [as at the time of creation] formless and void; And to the heavens, and they had no light.

Christian Standard Bible
I looked at the earth, and it was formless and empty. I looked to the heavens, and their light was gone.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
I looked at the earth, and it was formless and empty. I looked to the heavens, and their light was gone.

American Standard Version
I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was waste and void; and the heavens, and they had no light.

Contemporary English Version
After this, I looked around. The earth was barren, with no form of life. The sun, moon, and stars had disappeared.

English Revised Version
I beheld the earth, and, lo, it was waste and void; and the heavens, and they had no light.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
I see the earth. It's formless and empty. I see the sky. Its lights are gone.

Good News Translation
I looked at the earth--it was a barren waste; at the sky--there was no light.

International Standard Version
I looked at the earth, and it was formless and void, at the heavens, and there was no light there.

Majority Standard Bible
I looked at the earth, and it was formless and void; I looked to the heavens, and they had no light.

NET Bible
"I looked at the land and saw that it was an empty wasteland. I looked up at the sky, and its light had vanished.

New Heart English Bible
I saw the earth, and, look, it was waste and void; and the heavens, and they had no light.

Webster's Bible Translation
I beheld the earth, and lo, it was without form, and void; and the heavens, and they had no light.

World English Bible
I saw the earth and, behold, it was waste and void, and the heavens, and they had no light.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
I looked [to] the earth, and behold—formless and void, "" And to the heavens, and they [had] no light.

Young's Literal Translation
I looked to the land, and lo, waste and void, And unto the heavens, and their light is not.

Smith's Literal Translation
I saw the earth, and behold, emptiness and a void; and to the heavens, and no lights.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
I beheld the earth, and lo it was void, and nothing: and the heavens, and there was no light in them.

Catholic Public Domain Version
I gazed upon the earth, and behold, it was empty and brought to nothing. And I gazed upon the heavens, but there was no light in them.

New American Bible
I looked at the earth—it was waste and void; at the heavens—their light had gone out!

New Revised Standard Version
I looked on the earth, and lo, it was waste and void; and to the heavens, and they had no light.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
I looked on the earth, and, lo, it was without form and void; and on the heavens, and they had no light.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
I looked in the earth, and behold, chaos and emptiness, and to the Heavens, and their light is not there
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
I beheld the earth, And, lo, it was waste and void; And the heavens, and they had no light.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
I looked upon the earth, and, behold, it was not; and to the sky, an there was no light in it.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Lamentation for Judah
22“For My people are fools; they have not known Me. They are foolish children, without understanding. They are skilled in doing evil, but they know not how to do good.” 23I looked at the earth, and it was formless and void; I looked to the heavens, and they had no light. 24I looked at the mountains, and behold, they were quaking; all the hills were swaying.…

Cross References
Genesis 1:2
Now the earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep. And the Spirit of God was hovering over the surface of the waters.

Isaiah 24:19-20
The earth is utterly broken apart, the earth is split open, the earth is shaken violently. / The earth staggers like a drunkard and sways like a shack. Earth’s rebellion weighs it down, and it falls, never to rise again.

Isaiah 34:11
The desert owl and screech owl will possess it, and the great owl and raven will dwell in it. The LORD will stretch out over Edom a measuring line of chaos and a plumb line of destruction.

2 Peter 3:10
But the Day of the Lord will come like a thief. The heavens will disappear with a roar, the elements will be destroyed by fire, and the earth and its works will be laid bare.

Revelation 6:14
The sky receded like a scroll being rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved from its place.

Revelation 20:11
Then I saw a great white throne and the One seated on it. Earth and heaven fled from His presence, and no place was found for them.

Isaiah 45:18
For thus says the LORD, who created the heavens—He is God; He formed the earth and fashioned it; He established it; He did not create it to be empty, but formed it to be inhabited: “I am the LORD, and there is no other.

Matthew 24:29
Immediately after the tribulation of those days: ‘The sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light; the stars will fall from the sky, and the powers of the heavens will be shaken.’

Isaiah 13:10
For the stars of heaven and their constellations will not give their light. The rising sun will be darkened, and the moon will not give its light.

Amos 8:9
And in that day, declares the Lord GOD, I will make the sun go down at noon, and I will darken the earth in the daytime.

Zephaniah 1:2-3
“I will completely sweep away everything from the face of the earth,” declares the LORD. / “I will sweep away man and beast; I will sweep away the birds of the air, and the fish of the sea, and the idols with their wicked worshipers. I will cut off mankind from the face of the earth,” declares the LORD.

Revelation 8:12
Then the fourth angel sounded his trumpet, and a third of the sun and moon and stars were struck. A third of the stars were darkened, a third of the day was without light, and a third of the night as well.

Micah 1:4
The mountains will melt beneath Him, and the valleys will split apart, like wax before the fire, like water rushing down a slope.

Nahum 1:5
The mountains quake before Him, and the hills melt away; the earth trembles at His presence—the world and all its dwellers.

Isaiah 5:30
In that day they will roar over it, like the roaring of the sea. If one looks over the land, he will see darkness and distress; even the light will be obscured by clouds.


Treasury of Scripture

I beheld the earth, and, see, it was without form, and void; and the heavens, and they had no light.

the earth.

Jeremiah 9:10
For the mountains will I take up a weeping and wailing, and for the habitations of the wilderness a lamentation, because they are burned up, so that none can pass through them; neither can men hear the voice of the cattle; both the fowl of the heavens and the beast are fled; they are gone.

Genesis 1:2
And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters.

Isaiah 24:19-23
The earth is utterly broken down, the earth is clean dissolved, the earth is moved exceedingly…

the heavens.

Isaiah 5:30
And in that day they shall roar against them like the roaring of the sea: and if one look unto the land, behold darkness and sorrow, and the light is darkened in the heavens thereof.

Isaiah 13:10
For the stars of heaven and the constellations thereof shall not give their light: the sun shall be darkened in his going forth, and the moon shall not cause her light to shine.

Ezekiel 32:7,8
And when I shall put thee out, I will cover the heaven, and make the stars thereof dark; I will cover the sun with a cloud, and the moon shall not give her light…

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Beheld Earth Empty Form Formless Heavens Light Void Waste
Jeremiah 4
1. God calls Israel by his promise
3. He exhorts Judah to repentance by fearful judgments
19. A grievous lamentation for Judah














I looked
The Hebrew root for "looked" is "רָאָה" (ra'ah), which means to see, perceive, or consider. This word indicates a deep, prophetic vision given to Jeremiah, allowing him to perceive the spiritual and physical desolation of the land. In a conservative Christian perspective, this emphasizes the role of the prophet as a seer who is granted divine insight into the state of the world, both in its present condition and its potential future.

at the earth
The term "earth" in Hebrew is "אֶרֶץ" (eretz), which can refer to the land, the ground, or the entire world. Here, it signifies the physical realm that God created, which is now observed in a state of chaos. This reflects the consequences of sin and rebellion against God, leading to a reversal of the order established in Genesis 1. The earth, once a place of beauty and order, is now depicted as desolate due to the people's disobedience.

and it was formless and void
The phrase "formless and void" is translated from the Hebrew "תֹהוּ וָבֹהוּ" (tohu va-bohu), which is also found in Genesis 1:2. This phrase describes a state of chaos and emptiness, suggesting a return to pre-creation conditions. In a conservative Christian view, this serves as a powerful reminder of the consequences of turning away from God, leading to spiritual and moral chaos akin to the primordial state before God's creative order was established.

I looked to the heavens
The "heavens" in Hebrew is "שָׁמַיִם" (shamayim), referring to the sky or the celestial realm. Jeremiah's vision extends beyond the earth to the heavens, indicating a comprehensive view of creation. The heavens, which declare the glory of God (Psalm 19:1), are now depicted as lacking their usual brilliance. This suggests a cosmic impact of sin, affecting not just the earth but the entire created order.

and they had no light
The absence of "light" is significant, as light in the Bible often symbolizes God's presence, truth, and revelation. The Hebrew word for light is "אוֹר" (or). The lack of light in the heavens signifies a withdrawal of God's favor and presence, resulting in spiritual darkness. From a conservative Christian perspective, this highlights the severity of judgment when humanity rejects God's light, leading to a state of spiritual blindness and desolation.

(23) I beheld the earth.--In words of terrible grandeur the prophet speaks, as if he had already seen the consummated destruction; and repeating the words "I beheld," as if he had passed through four distinct visions, describes its completeness.

Without form, and void.--An obvious quotation from the tohu va-bohu of Genesis 1:2. The goodly land of Israel was thrown back, as it were, into a formless chaos, before the words "Let there be light" had brought it into order.

Verse 23. - I beheld. The prophet is again the speaker, but in a calmer mood. God's judgment has been pronounced, and it is not for him to rebel. He has now simply to record the vision of woe which has been granted him. He foresees the utter desolation into which not only the land of Judah, but the earth in general, will be brought, and which reminds him of nothing so much as the "waste and wild" condition of the earth previous to the first creative word. But why is "the earth" mentioned in this connection? Because the judgment upon Judah is but one act in the great general judgment which, when completed, will issue in a fresh order of things (comp. Isaiah 3:14, 15, where side by side are mentioned Jehovah's judgment of "the peoples" and of "his people," and Isaiah 24, where the judgment upon the enemies of Israel is interwoven with the judgment upon "the earth"). Without form, and void; rather, waste and wild (to represent in some degree the characteristic assonance of the original - tohu va-bohu); more literally, immovable and lifeless. It is the phrase used in Genesis L 2 for primeval chaos. Tohu and bohu occur in parallel lines in Isaiah 34:11, to express utter desolation; tohu alone five times in the Book of Isaiah, and once in Job. They had no light. The heavens were in the same condition as on the third day, subsequently to the creation of the heavens, but prior to that of the luminaries.

Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
I looked
רָאִ֙יתִי֙ (rā·’î·ṯî)
Verb - Qal - Perfect - first person common singular
Strong's 7200: To see

at the earth,
הָאָ֔רֶץ (hā·’ā·reṣ)
Article | Noun - feminine singular
Strong's 776: Earth, land

and it was formless
תֹ֖הוּ (ṯō·hū)
Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 8414: A desolation, desert, a worthless thing, in vain

and empty;
וָבֹ֑הוּ (wā·ḇō·hū)
Conjunctive waw | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 922: A vacuity, an undistinguishable ruin

[I looked] to
וְאֶל־ (wə·’el-)
Conjunctive waw | Preposition
Strong's 413: Near, with, among, to

the heavens,
הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם (haš·šā·ma·yim)
Article | Noun - masculine plural
Strong's 8064: Heaven, sky

and they [had] no
וְאֵ֥ין (wə·’ên)
Conjunctive waw | Adverb
Strong's 369: A non-entity, a negative particle

light.
אוֹרָֽם׃ (’ō·w·rām)
Noun - common singular construct | third person masculine plural
Strong's 216: Illumination, luminary


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OT Prophets: Jeremiah 4:23 I saw the earth and behold it (Jer.)
Jeremiah 4:22
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