Judges 1:30
New International Version
Neither did Zebulun drive out the Canaanites living in Kitron or Nahalol, so these Canaanites lived among them, but Zebulun did subject them to forced labor.

New Living Translation
The tribe of Zebulun failed to drive out the residents of Kitron and Nahalol, so the Canaanites continued to live among them. But the Canaanites were forced to work as slaves for the people of Zebulun.

English Standard Version
Zebulun did not drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, or the inhabitants of Nahalol, so the Canaanites lived among them, but became subject to forced labor.

Berean Standard Bible
Zebulun failed to drive out the inhabitants of Kitron and Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced laborers.

King James Bible
Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.

New King James Version
Nor did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron or the inhabitants of Nahalol; so the Canaanites dwelt among them, and were put under tribute.

New American Standard Bible
Zebulun did not drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, or the inhabitants of Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and became subject to forced labor.

NASB 1995
Zebulun did not drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, or the inhabitants of Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and became subject to forced labor.

NASB 1977
Zebulun did not drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, or the inhabitants of Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and became subject to forced labor.

Legacy Standard Bible
Zebulun did not dispossess the inhabitants of Kitron or the inhabitants of Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and became subject to forced labor.

Amplified Bible
[The warriors of the tribe of] Zebulun did not drive out the inhabitants of Kitron or of Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and were put to forced labor.

Christian Standard Bible
Zebulun failed to drive out the residents of Kitron or the residents of Nahalol, so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced labor.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Zebulun failed to drive out the residents of Kitron or the residents of Nahalol, so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced labor.

American Standard Version
Zebulun drove not out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became subject to taskwork.

Contemporary English Version
The Zebulun tribe did not get rid of the Canaanites who lived in Kitron and Nahalol, and the Canaanites stayed there with Israelites around them. But the people of Zebulun did force the Canaanites into slave labor.

English Revised Version
Zebulun drave not out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributary.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
The tribe of Zebulun did not force out those who lived at Kitron or Nahalol. So the Canaanites continued to live with them and were made to do forced labor.

Good News Translation
The tribe of Zebulun did not drive out the people living in the cities of Kitron and Nahalal, and so the Canaanites continued to live there with them and were forced to work for them.

International Standard Version
The army of the tribe of Zebulun did not expel the inhabitants of Kitron or the inhabitants of Nahalol, so the Canaanites lived among them, but were subjected to conscripted labor.

Majority Standard Bible
Zebulun failed to drive out the inhabitants of Kitron and Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced laborers.

NET Bible
The men of Zebulun did not conquer the people living in Kitron and Nahalol. The Canaanites lived among them and were forced to do hard labor.

New Heart English Bible
Zebulun didn't drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites lived among them, and became subject to forced labor.

Webster's Bible Translation
Neither did Zebulun expel the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributaries.

World English Bible
Zebulun didn’t drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites lived among them, and became subject to forced labor.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Zebulun has not dispossessed the inhabitants of Kitron, and the inhabitants of Nahalol, and the Canaanite dwells in its midst, and they become forced labor.

Young's Literal Translation
Zebulun hath not dispossessed the inhabitants of Kitron, and the inhabitants of Nahalol, and the Canaanite dwelleth in its midst, and they become tributary.

Smith's Literal Translation
Zebulon did not drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, and the inhabitants of Nahalol; and the Canaanite will dwell in his midst, and they will be for tribute.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Zabulon destroyed not the inhabitants of Cetron, and Naalol: but the Chanaanite dwelt among them, and became their tributaries.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Zebulun did not wipe out the inhabitants of Kitron and of Nahalal. Instead, the Canaanite lived in their midst and became their tributary.

New American Bible
Nor did Zebulun dispossess the inhabitants of Kitron or those of Nahalol; the Canaanites lived among them and became forced laborers.

New Revised Standard Version
Zebulun did not drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, or the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites lived among them, and became subject to forced labor.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Neither did Zebulun destroy the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Jahlel; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and paid tribute.

Peshitta Holy Bible Translated
And Zabalaun did not destroy those inhabiting Qetron and the inhabitants of Yahlil, and the Canaanites stayed with it and they were subjected by taxes
OT Translations
JPS Tanakh 1917
Zebulun drove not out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the: inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelt among them, and became tributary.

Brenton Septuagint Translation
And Zabulon did not drive out the inhabitants of Kedron, nor the inhabitants of Domana: and the Chananite dwelt in the midst of them, and became tributary to them.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Failure to Complete the Conquest
29Ephraim also failed to drive out the Canaanites living in Gezer; so the Canaanites continued to dwell among them in Gezer. 30Zebulun failed to drive out the inhabitants of Kitron and Nahalol; so the Canaanites lived among them and served as forced laborers. 31Asher failed to drive out the inhabitants of Acco, Sidon, Ahlab, Achzib, Helbah, Aphik, and Rehob.…

Cross References
Joshua 16:10
But they did not drive out the Canaanites who lived in Gezer. So the Canaanites dwell among the Ephraimites to this day, but they are forced laborers.

Joshua 17:12-13
But the descendants of Manasseh were unable to occupy these cities, because the Canaanites were determined to stay in this land. / However, when the Israelites grew stronger, they put the Canaanites to forced labor; but they failed to drive them out completely.

Judges 2:1-3
Now the angel of the LORD went up from Gilgal to Bochim and said, “I brought you up out of Egypt and led you into the land that I had promised to your fathers, and I said, ‘I will never break My covenant with you, / and you are not to make a covenant with the people of this land, but you shall tear down their altars.’ Yet you have not obeyed My voice. What is this you have done? / So now I tell you that I will not drive out these people before you; they will be thorns in your sides, and their gods will be a snare to you.”

Judges 3:1-6
These are the nations that the LORD left to test all the Israelites who had not known any of the wars in Canaan, / if only to teach warfare to the subsequent generations of Israel, especially to those who had not known it formerly: / the five rulers of the Philistines, all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites who lived in the mountains of Lebanon from Mount Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath. ...

1 Kings 9:20-21
As for all the people who remained of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (the people who were not Israelites)— / their descendants who remained in the land, those whom the Israelites were unable to devote to destruction—Solomon conscripted these people to be forced laborers, as they are to this day.

2 Chronicles 8:7-8
As for all the people who remained of the Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites (these people were not Israelites)— / their descendants who remained in the land, those whom the Israelites had not destroyed—Solomon conscripted these people to be forced laborers, as they are to this day.

Exodus 23:32-33
You shall make no covenant with them or with their gods. / They must not remain in your land, lest they cause you to sin against Me. For if you serve their gods, it will surely be a snare to you.”

Exodus 34:12-16
Be careful not to make a treaty with the inhabitants of the land you are entering, lest they become a snare in your midst. / Rather, you must tear down their altars, smash their sacred stones, and chop down their Asherah poles. / For you must not worship any other god, for the LORD, whose name is Jealous, is a jealous God. ...

Deuteronomy 7:1-5
When the LORD your God brings you into the land that you are entering to possess, and He drives out before you many nations—the Hittites, Girgashites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites, seven nations larger and stronger than you— / and when the LORD your God has delivered them over to you to defeat them, then you must devote them to complete destruction. Make no treaty with them and show them no mercy. / Do not intermarry with them. Do not give your daughters to their sons or take their daughters for your sons, ...

Deuteronomy 20:16-18
However, in the cities of the nations that the LORD your God is giving you as an inheritance, you must not leave alive anything that breathes. / For you must devote them to complete destruction—the Hittites, Amorites, Canaanites, Perizzites, Hivites, and Jebusites—as the LORD your God has commanded you, / so that they cannot teach you to do all the detestable things they do for their gods, and so cause you to sin against the LORD your God.

Psalm 106:34-36
They did not destroy the peoples as the LORD had commanded them, / but they mingled with the nations and adopted their customs. / They worshiped their idols, which became a snare to them.

Nehemiah 9:24-27
So their descendants went in and possessed the land; You subdued before them the Canaanites dwelling in the land. You delivered into their hands the kings and peoples of the land, to do with them as they wished. / They captured fortified cities and fertile land and took houses full of all goods, wells already dug, vineyards, olive groves, and fruit trees in abundance. So they ate and were filled; they grew fat and delighted in Your great goodness. / But they were disobedient and rebelled against You; they flung Your law behind their backs. They killed Your prophets, who had admonished them to return to You. They committed terrible blasphemies. ...

Acts 13:19
And having vanquished seven nations in Canaan, He gave their land to His people as an inheritance.

Romans 11:7-10
What then? What Israel was seeking, it failed to obtain, but the elect did. The others were hardened, / as it is written: “God gave them a spirit of stupor, eyes that could not see, and ears that could not hear, to this very day.” / And David says: “May their table become a snare and a trap, a stumbling block and a retribution to them. ...

2 Corinthians 6:14-18
Do not be unequally yoked with unbelievers. For what partnership can righteousness have with wickedness? Or what fellowship does light have with darkness? / What harmony is there between Christ and Belial? Or what does a believer have in common with an unbeliever? / What agreement can exist between the temple of God and idols? For we are the temple of the living God. As God has said: “I will dwell with them and walk among them, and I will be their God, and they will be My people.” ...


Treasury of Scripture

Neither did Zebulun drive out the inhabitants of Kitron, nor the inhabitants of Nahalol; but the Canaanites dwelled among them, and became tributaries.

Kitron.

Joshua 19:15
And Kattath, and Nahallal, and Shimron, and Idalah, and Bethlehem: twelve cities with their villages.

Jump to Previous
Canaanite Canaanites Drive Drove Dwelleth Dwelt Expel Inhabitants Labor Midst Subject Taskwork Tributaries Tributary Work Zebulun Zeb'ulun
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Canaanite Canaanites Drive Drove Dwelleth Dwelt Expel Inhabitants Labor Midst Subject Taskwork Tributaries Tributary Work Zebulun Zeb'ulun
Judges 1
1. The acts of Judah and Simeon
4. Adonibezek justly requited
8. Jerusalem taken
10. Hebron taken
11. Othniel has Achsah to wife for taking of Debir
16. The Kenites dwell in Judah
17. Hormah, Gaza, Askelon, and Ekron taken
21. The acts of Benjamin
22. Of the house of Joseph, who take Bethel
30. Of Zebulun
31. Of Asher
33. Of Naphtali
34. Of Dan














Zebulun
The tribe of Zebulun, one of the twelve tribes of Israel, was named after the sixth son of Jacob and Leah. In the Hebrew context, Zebulun means "dwelling" or "habitation," reflecting the tribe's role in settling the land. Historically, Zebulun was allotted a region in the northern part of Canaan, which was fertile and strategically located. The failure of Zebulun to fully possess their inheritance is a recurring theme in the Book of Judges, symbolizing a lack of faith and obedience to God's command.

failed to drive out
The Hebrew root for "failed" (לוֹא יָרֵשׁ, lo yarash) implies not just a lack of success but a failure to act decisively. This phrase highlights a significant spiritual and moral shortcoming. The Israelites were commanded by God to completely drive out the inhabitants of the land (Deuteronomy 7:1-2), but Zebulun's failure reflects a compromise with sin and disobedience to divine instruction. This serves as a cautionary tale about the dangers of incomplete obedience.

the residents of Kitron
Kitron is mentioned only here in the Bible, and its exact location remains uncertain. However, it is understood to be a Canaanite city within Zebulun's territory. The presence of Kitron's residents signifies the persistence of pagan influences and idolatry within the land, which posed a constant threat to the spiritual purity and covenantal faithfulness of the Israelites.

or the people of Nahalol
Similar to Kitron, Nahalol is another Canaanite settlement within Zebulun's borders. The name Nahalol may derive from a root meaning "pasture" or "valley," suggesting a fertile area. The continued presence of these people indicates a failure to fully claim God's promises and a tolerance of foreign practices that could lead Israel astray.

so the Canaanites lived among them
This phrase underscores the coexistence of the Israelites with the Canaanites, which was contrary to God's command. The Hebrew word for "lived" (יָשַׁב, yashav) implies settling down and dwelling together, which often led to cultural and religious assimilation. This coexistence resulted in the Israelites adopting Canaanite customs and worship, leading to spiritual decline.

and served as forced labor
The imposition of forced labor (מַס, mas) on the Canaanites reflects a pragmatic compromise. Instead of eliminating the threat, the Israelites chose to exploit it for economic gain. This decision reveals a short-sighted reliance on human wisdom rather than divine guidance. While it may have seemed beneficial in the short term, it ultimately led to greater spiritual and moral challenges for Israel.

(30) Neither did Zebulun.--See Joshua 19:10-16. Nothing is known of the towns here mentioned. It is remarkable that Issachar is not mentioned, but it may perhaps be accounted for by the condition of contented subjection in which this tribe "bowed his shoulder to the yoke" (Genesis 49:14-15).



Parallel Commentaries ...


Hebrew
Zebulun
זְבוּלֻ֗ן (zə·ḇū·lun)
Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 2074: Zebulun -- a son of Jacob, also his descendants and their territory

failed
לֹ֤א (lō)
Adverb - Negative particle
Strong's 3808: Not, no

to drive out
הוֹרִישׁ֙ (hō·w·rîš)
Verb - Hifil - Perfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3423: To occupy, to seize, to rob, to inherit, to expel, to impoverish, to ruin

the inhabitants
יוֹשְׁבֵ֣י (yō·wō·šə·ḇê)
Verb - Qal - Participle - masculine plural construct
Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry

of Kitron
קִטְר֔וֹן (qiṭ·rō·wn)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 7003: Kitron -- a city in Zebulun

[and]
וְאֶת־ (wə·’eṯ-)
Conjunctive waw | Direct object marker
Strong's 853: Untranslatable mark of the accusative case

Nahalol;
נַהֲלֹ֑ל (na·hă·lōl)
Noun - proper - feminine singular
Strong's 5096: Nahalal -- a place in Zebulun

so the Canaanites
הַֽכְּנַעֲנִי֙ (hak·kə·na·‘ă·nî)
Article | Noun - proper - masculine singular
Strong's 3669: Canaanite -- inhabitant of Canaan

lived
וַיֵּ֤שֶׁב (way·yê·šeḇ)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine singular
Strong's 3427: To sit down, to dwell, to remain, to settle, to marry

among them
בְּקִרְבּ֔וֹ (bə·qir·bōw)
Preposition-b | Noun - masculine singular construct | third person masculine singular
Strong's 7130: The nearest part, the center

and served
וַיִּֽהְי֖וּ (way·yih·yū)
Conjunctive waw | Verb - Qal - Consecutive imperfect - third person masculine plural
Strong's 1961: To fall out, come to pass, become, be

as forced laborers.
לָמַֽס׃ (lā·mas)
Preposition-l | Noun - masculine singular
Strong's 4522: Body of forced laborers, forced service, taskworkers, taskwork, serfdom


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OT History: Judges 1:30 Zebulun didn't drive out the inhabitants (Jd Judg. Jdg)
Judges 1:29
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