Acts 22:29
New International Version
Those who were about to interrogate him withdrew immediately. The commander himself was alarmed when he realized that he had put Paul, a Roman citizen, in chains.

New Living Translation
The soldiers who were about to interrogate Paul quickly withdrew when they heard he was a Roman citizen, and the commander was frightened because he had ordered him bound and whipped.

English Standard Version
So those who were about to examine him withdrew from him immediately, and the tribune also was afraid, for he realized that Paul was a Roman citizen and that he had bound him.

Berean Standard Bible
Then those who were about to interrogate Paul stepped back, and the commander himself was alarmed when he realized that he had put a Roman citizen in chains.

Berean Literal Bible
So immediately those being about to examine him departed from him, and the commander also was afraid, having ascertained that he is a Roman, and because he had bound him.

King James Bible
Then straightway they departed from him which should have examined him: and the chief captain also was afraid, after he knew that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

New King James Version
Then immediately those who were about to examine him withdrew from him; and the commander was also afraid after he found out that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

New American Standard Bible
Therefore, those who were about to interrogate him immediately backed away from him; and the commander also was afraid when he found out that he was a Roman, and because he had put him in chains.

NASB 1995
Therefore those who were about to examine him immediately let go of him; and the commander also was afraid when he found out that he was a Roman, and because he had put him in chains.

NASB 1977
Therefore those who were about to examine him immediately let go of him; and the commander also was afraid when he found out that he was a Roman, and because he had put him in chains.

Legacy Standard Bible
Therefore those who were about to examine him immediately withdrew from him; and the commander also was afraid when he learned that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

Amplified Bible
So those who were about to interrogate him by torture immediately let him go; and the commander was also afraid when he realized that Paul was a Roman and he had put him in chains.

Christian Standard Bible
So those who were about to examine him withdrew from him immediately. The commander too was alarmed when he realized Paul was a Roman citizen and he had bound him.

Holman Christian Standard Bible
Therefore, those who were about to examine him withdrew from him at once. The commander too was alarmed when he realized Paul was a Roman citizen and he had bound him.

American Standard Version
They then that were about to examine him straightway departed from him: and the chief captain also was afraid when he knew that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

Contemporary English Version
The men who were about to beat and question Paul quickly backed off. And the commander himself was frightened when he realized that he had put a Roman citizen in chains.

English Revised Version
They then which were about to examine him straightway departed from him: and the chief captain also was afraid, when he knew that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

GOD'S WORD® Translation
Immediately, the soldiers who were going to question Paul stepped away from him. The officer was afraid when he found out that he had tied up a Roman citizen.

Good News Translation
At once the men who were going to question Paul drew back from him; and the commander was frightened when he realized that Paul was a Roman citizen and that he had put him in chains.

International Standard Version
Immediately those who were about to examine him stepped back, and the tribune was afraid when he found out that Paul was a Roman citizen and that he had tied him up.

Majority Standard Bible
Then those who were about to interrogate Paul stepped back, and the commander himself was alarmed when he realized that he had put a Roman citizen in chains.

NET Bible
Then those who were about to interrogate him stayed away from him, and the commanding officer was frightened when he realized that Paul was a Roman citizen and that he had had him tied up.

New Heart English Bible
Immediately those who were about to examine him departed from him, and the commanding officer also was afraid when he realized that he was a Roman, because he had bound him.

Webster's Bible Translation
Then forthwith they departed from him who were about to examine him: and the chief captain also was afraid, after he knew that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

Weymouth New Testament
So the men who had been on the point of putting him under torture immediately left him. And the Tribune, too, was frightened when he learnt that Paul was a Roman citizen, for he had had him bound.

World English Bible
Immediately those who were about to examine him departed from him, and the commanding officer also was afraid when he realized that he was a Roman, because he had bound him.
Literal Translations
Literal Standard Version
Immediately, therefore, they departed from him, those being about to examine him, and the chief captain was also afraid, having learned that he is a Roman, and because he had bound him,

Berean Literal Bible
So immediately those being about to examine him departed from him, and the commander also was afraid, having ascertained that he is a Roman, and because he had bound him.

Young's Literal Translation
Immediately, therefore, they departed from him who are about to examine him, and the chief captain also was afraid, having learned that he is a Roman, and because he had bound him,

Smith's Literal Translation
Then quickly they about to examine him withdrew from him: and the captain of a thousand was afraid, knowing that he is a Roman, and because he had bound him.
Catholic Translations
Douay-Rheims Bible
Immediately therefore they departed from him that were about to torture him. The tribune also was afraid after he understood that he was a Roman citizen, and because he had bound him.

Catholic Public Domain Version
Therefore, those who were going to torture him, immediately withdrew from him. The tribune was similarly afraid, after he realized that he was a Roman citizen, for he had bound him.

New American Bible
At once those who were going to interrogate him backed away from him, and the commander became alarmed when he realized that he was a Roman citizen and that he had had him bound.

New Revised Standard Version
Immediately those who were about to examine him drew back from him; and the tribune also was afraid, for he realized that Paul was a Roman citizen and that he had bound him.
Translations from Aramaic
Lamsa Bible
Immediately those who were ready to scourge him left him alone, and the captain was afraid when he found out that he was a Roman citizen, because he had bound him.

Aramaic Bible in Plain English
And at once those who were seeking to scourge him withdrew from him, and the Chiliarch was afraid when he learned that he was a Roman, for he had bound him.
NT Translations
Anderson New Testament
Then, those who were about to examine him, immediately departed from him. And the officer was afraid, when he learned that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

Godbey New Testament
Then immediately those about to scourge him departed from him: and the chiliarch also feared, knowing that he was a Roman, and that he had bound him.

Haweis New Testament
Immediately then they who were about to put him to the question, withdrew from him: and indeed the tribune dreaded the consequences, when he knew that he was a Roman citizen, that he had even gone so far as to bind him.

Mace New Testament
immediately those who were going to put him to the question, withdrew: the commander himself being under some apprehension for having order'd him to be bound.

Weymouth New Testament
So the men who had been on the point of putting him under torture immediately left him. And the Tribune, too, was frightened when he learnt that Paul was a Roman citizen, for he had had him bound.

Worrell New Testament
Straightway, therefore, those who were about to examine him departed from him; and the chief captain also was struck with fear, having ascertained that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

Worsley New Testament
Immediately therefore those who were going to put him to the question quitted him: and the tribune also was afraid, when he knew that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

Additional Translations ...
Audio Bible



Context
Paul the Roman Citizen
28“I paid a high price for my citizenship,” said the commander. “But I was born a citizen,” Paul replied. 29Then those who were about to interrogate Paul stepped back, and the commander himself was alarmed when he realized that he had put a Roman citizen in chains. 30The next day the commander, wanting to learn the real reason Paul was accused by the Jews, released him and ordered the chief priests and the whole Sanhedrin to assemble. Then he brought Paul down and had him stand before them.…

Cross References
Acts 16:37-39
But Paul said to the officers, “They beat us publicly without a trial and threw us into prison, even though we are Roman citizens. And now do they want to send us away secretly? Absolutely not! Let them come themselves and escort us out!” / So the officers relayed this message to the magistrates, who were alarmed to hear that Paul and Silas were Roman citizens. / They came to appease them and led them out, requesting that they leave the city.

Acts 25:16
I told them that it is not the Roman custom to hand a man over before he has had an opportunity to face his accusers and defend himself against their charges.

John 18:28-31
Then they led Jesus away from Caiaphas into the Praetorium. By now it was early morning, and the Jews did not enter the Praetorium, to avoid being defiled and unable to eat the Passover. / So Pilate went out to them and asked, “What accusation are you bringing against this man?” / “If He were not a criminal,” they replied, “we would not have handed Him over to you.” ...

Acts 23:27
This man was seized by the Jews, and they were about to kill him when I came with my troops to rescue him. For I had learned that he is a Roman citizen,

Acts 25:10-11
Paul replied, “I am standing before the judgment seat of Caesar, where I ought to be tried. I have done nothing wrong to the Jews, as you yourself know very well. / If, however, I am guilty of anything worthy of death, I do not refuse to die. But if there is no truth to their accusations against me, no one has the right to hand me over to them. I appeal to Caesar!”

Acts 26:32
And Agrippa said to Festus, “This man could have been released if he had not appealed to Caesar.”

Acts 28:18
They examined me and wanted to release me, because there was no basis for a death sentence against me.

Luke 23:4
Then Pilate said to the chief priests and the crowds, “I find no basis for a charge against this man.”

John 19:4
Once again Pilate came out and said to the Jews, “Look, I am bringing Him out to you to let you know that I find no basis for a charge against Him.”

Matthew 27:24
When Pilate saw that he was accomplishing nothing, but that instead a riot was breaking out, he took water and washed his hands before the crowd. “I am innocent of this man’s blood,” he said. “You bear the responsibility.”

Philippians 1:7
It is right for me to feel this way about all of you, since I have you in my heart. For in my chains and in my defense and confirmation of the gospel, you are all partners in grace with me.

2 Corinthians 11:25
Three times I was beaten with rods, once I was stoned, three times I was shipwrecked. I spent a night and a day in the open sea.

Romans 13:1-7
Everyone must submit himself to the governing authorities, for there is no authority except that which is from God. The authorities that exist have been appointed by God. / Consequently, whoever resists authority is opposing what God has set in place, and those who do so will bring judgment on themselves. / For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Do you want to be unafraid of the one in authority? Then do what is right, and you will have his approval. ...

1 Peter 2:13-14
Submit yourselves for the Lord’s sake to every human institution, whether to the king as the supreme authority, / or to governors as those sent by him to punish those who do wrong and to praise those who do right.

Deuteronomy 25:1-3
If there is a dispute between men, they are to go to court to be judged, so that the innocent may be acquitted and the guilty condemned. / If the guilty man deserves to be beaten, the judge shall have him lie down and be flogged in his presence with the number of lashes his crime warrants. / He may receive no more than forty lashes, lest your brother be beaten any more than that and be degraded in your sight.


Treasury of Scripture

Then straightway they departed from him which should have examined him: and the chief captain also was afraid, after he knew that he was a Roman, and because he had bound him.

examined him.

Acts 22:24
The chief captain commanded him to be brought into the castle, and bade that he should be examined by scourging; that he might know wherefore they cried so against him.

Hebrews 11:35
Women received their dead raised to life again: and others were tortured, not accepting deliverance; that they might obtain a better resurrection:

the chief.

Acts 22:25,26
And as they bound him with thongs, Paul said unto the centurion that stood by, Is it lawful for you to scourge a man that is a Roman, and uncondemned? …

Acts 16:38,39
And the serjeants told these words unto the magistrates: and they feared, when they heard that they were Romans…

Jump to Previous
Afraid Alarmed Bound Captain Chains Chief Chiliarch Citizen Commanding Departed Examine Examined Forthwith Frightened Immediately Instantly Learnt Officer Paul Point Putting Question Realized Roman Straightway Test Tribune Withdrew
Jump to Next
Afraid Alarmed Bound Captain Chains Chief Chiliarch Citizen Commanding Departed Examine Examined Forthwith Frightened Immediately Instantly Learnt Officer Paul Point Putting Question Realized Roman Straightway Test Tribune Withdrew
Acts 22
1. Paul declares how he was converted to the faith,
17. and called to his apostleship.
22. At the very mentioning of the Gentiles the people exclaim on him.
24. He would have been scourged;
25. but claiming the privilege of a Roman, he escapes.














Those who were about to interrogate him
This phrase refers to the Roman soldiers or officials who were preparing to question Paul. In the Roman legal system, interrogation often involved physical punishment or torture to extract information. The Greek word for "interrogate" here is "ἀνετάζω" (anetazo), which implies a thorough examination, often under duress. Historically, Roman law allowed for such measures, especially with non-citizens, highlighting the severity of the situation Paul faced.

withdrew immediately
The immediate withdrawal of the interrogators underscores the urgency and seriousness of the situation. The Greek word "ἀφίστημι" (aphistemi) means to depart or withdraw, indicating a swift and decisive action. This reaction reflects the Roman legal protection afforded to citizens, which prohibited such treatment without a trial. The historical context shows the power and privilege of Roman citizenship, which Paul strategically used to his advantage.

the commander himself was alarmed
The commander, or "χιλίαρχος" (chiliarchos), was a high-ranking officer in charge of a thousand soldiers. His alarm, or "φοβέω" (phobeo), indicates fear or anxiety. This reaction is significant, as it shows the potential consequences for violating the rights of a Roman citizen. Roman law was strict about the treatment of its citizens, and any breach could lead to severe repercussions for the commander.

when he realized that Paul was a Roman citizen
Paul's Roman citizenship is a pivotal element in this narrative. The Greek term "πολίτης" (polites) refers to a citizen, and being a Roman citizen came with significant legal protections and privileges. Historically, citizenship could be acquired by birth, purchase, or as a reward for service, and it was a status that commanded respect and legal rights. Paul's declaration of his citizenship was a strategic move that changed the course of events.

and he had bound him
The act of binding, or "δέω" (deo), implies restraint or imprisonment. In Roman law, binding a citizen without a trial was illegal and punishable. This phrase highlights the legal misstep made by the commander, which could have led to severe consequences. The historical context emphasizes the sanctity of Roman citizenship and the legal protections it afforded, which Paul leveraged to ensure his fair treatment.

(29) Which should have examined him.--The verb had acquired the secondary sense (just as "putting to the question" did in mediaeval administration of justice) of examining by torture.

Because he had bound him.--The words seem to refer to the second act of binding (Acts 22:25) rather than the first (Acts 21:33). The chains fastened to the arms were thought of, as we see afterwards, when St. Paul's citizenship was an acknowledged fact (Acts 26:29; Ephesians 3:1; Ephesians 4:1), as not incompatible with the respect due to a Roman citizen. The binding, as slaves were bound, with leathern thongs, was quite another matter. . . .

Verse 29. - They then which were about to examine him straightway departed from him for then straightway they departed from him which should have examined him, A.V.; when for after, A.V. Had bound him (ῆν αὐτὸν δεδεκώς), as related in Acts 21:33. Ἐκέλευσε δεθῆναι: "Facinus est vinciri civem Remanum," Cicero, in 'Verrem,' 5:66 (quoted by Meyer).

Parallel Commentaries ...


Greek
Then
οὖν (oun)
Conjunction
Strong's 3767: Therefore, then. Apparently a primary word; certainly, or accordingly.

those who
οἱ (hoi)
Article - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

were about
μέλλοντες (mellontes)
Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural
Strong's 3195: A strengthened form of melo; to intend, i.e. Be about to be, do, or suffer something.

to interrogate
ἀνετάζειν (anetazein)
Verb - Present Infinitive Active
Strong's 426: To examine (a person on trial, a witness) judicially (frequently by the aid of torture). From ana and etazo; to investigate.

[Paul]
αὐτὸν (auton)
Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Accusative Masculine 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 846: He, she, it, they, them, same. From the particle au; the reflexive pronoun self, used of the third person, and of the other persons.

stepped back,
ἀπέστησαν (apestēsan)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Active - 3rd Person Plural
Strong's 868: From apo and histemi; to remove, i.e. instigate to revolt; usually to desist, desert, etc.

and
καὶ (kai)
Conjunction
Strong's 2532: And, even, also, namely.

the
(ho)
Article - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 3588: The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.

commander
χιλίαρχος (chiliarchos)
Noun - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 5506: A commander of a thousand men, a military tribune. From chilioi and archo; the commander of a thousand soldiers

[himself]
δὲ (de)
Conjunction
Strong's 1161: A primary particle; but, and, etc.

was alarmed
ἐφοβήθη (ephobēthē)
Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 3rd Person Singular
Strong's 5399: From phobos; to frighten, i.e. to be alarmed; by analogy, to be in awe of, i.e. Revere.

when he realized
ἐπιγνοὺς (epignous)
Verb - Aorist Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 1921: From epi and ginosko; to know upon some mark, i.e. Recognize; by implication, to become fully acquainted with, to acknowledge.

that
ὅτι (hoti)
Conjunction
Strong's 3754: Neuter of hostis as conjunction; demonstrative, that; causative, because.

he had put
δεδεκώς (dedekōs)
Verb - Perfect Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 1210: To bind, tie, fasten; I impel, compel; I declare to be prohibited and unlawful. A primary verb; to bind.

a Roman citizen {in chains}.
Ῥωμαῖός (Rhōmaios)
Adjective - Nominative Masculine Singular
Strong's 4514: Roman; subst: a Roman citizen. From Rhome; Romaean, i.e. Roman.


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NT Apostles: Acts 22:29 Immediately those who were about to examine (Acts of the Apostles Ac)
Acts 22:28
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